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ROBERTSON'S

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

A COLLECTION OF

UISTORICAL SKETCUE!S

OF TrtE OLD

TOWN OF YORK

From 1792 until 1833,

AND OF

Toronto from 18 34 to 1893.

, ALSO
1
\ Over Three Hundred Engravings of Old Houses, Familiar Faces and Historic
Places, with Maps and Schedules connected with the Local
History of York and Toronto.

PUBLISHED FROn THE TORONTO "EVENING TELEGRAM."

J
,

..

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Toran to:

J. ROSS ROBERTSON.
1894.

J
Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-
four, by J. Ross ROBERTSON, at the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.

n
.....

,1J' V_II nl't

Tn r '\jTO
L I r" .'\ RY
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\

CIJ:X

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".,
!STOR'(

PRE F ACE.

The contents of this volume scarcely require the commendation that as a general rule
.makes up the literary prelude of all works. be they pamphlets bound in paper or encased
in more expensive covers. Whatever merit the book possesses is in the abundance of
information sought to be supplied. As a literary effort the articles will probably avera
e
fairly well with the ordinary run of newspaper work. If the book enables the ceneral
reader to pass a pleasant hour with the memories of lonp; ago. which cluster around
familiar faces and historic places, and is useiul as a book of reference. the aim and
object of the publisher will have been tully !i.ccomplished.
co The Landmarks of Toronto" is a familiar line to readers of The Toronto Evening
Telegram. Under that superscription during the past six years that journal has given,
. as space permitted, glimpses of the hitherto unknown history of a metropolis that by an
'evolution, the result of inteIli'!ence and industry, has given to the place in which we dwell
....n Importance in 1894 as the capital of a great province. which it coulå not claim in 1794
when it was the hunting ground of a. couple of families ot strolling aborigines.
One hundred years ago Chippewas in their wigwams were the only inhabitant.s to
welcome the first white man. who with axe in hand hewed from forest trees a primitive
log cabin on a half acre, now covered by palatial marts (If business, valued in the million
.
The rise, the progress, the development and material advancement of such a place
should interest all who claim Toronto as a residence. whether as sturdy pioneers from
motherland, or as native-born descendants of those whose strong arms turned the forest
trees into homes. or. like the Egyptians of old, fashioned the clay into the conventional red
brick which to.day stands as a memorial of the early days of the closing centm'y.
The effort of the publisher in this volume is to give a readable and reliable history of
the old houses and historic spots in the former town of York. with a glimpse at ma.ny of
the familia.r forms and fa.ces of those who have aided in upbuilding Toronto.
The perioå embraced covers York from 1792 until 1833. and Toronto from 1834, the
year of its incorporation as a city. down to the present year of grace.
These sketches were originally contributed by myself and by members of the staff of
The Toronto Eveninp Telegram, and have been prepared under my personal direction. No
effort has been spared to make each sketch accurate and trustworthy.
Since their newspaper publication each article has been carefully revised, not only by
myself, but by those persons whose descendauts were directly interested in the subjeci
ma.tter of each article. With the advantaJ1:e thus afforded oi a perusal of family records
a.nù other documentary material almost absolute accuracy has been secured.
It is true that the sketches are not in what may be termed chronological sequen ceo
nor are they. regardin
location, in anv way consecutive. This may be explaineli by the
fact that to The Landmarks" were written as separate and diøtinct articles, as each pre-
sented itself to the writer. who had the assignment in hand. To have published the work
in any other form would have necessitateå the preparation of each .. Landmark," regard-
less of numberless opportunities afforded of collectin't information. Moreover. when first
published it was not contemplated that the volume now issued would occupy nearly six
hundred pages of printed matter.
The engravings given have been reproduced from early pencil drawin
s, Can
dian and

SEP 2 B 1982
ßfL '11 L
5\f
PS1

1>>REFACE.

iii

British lithographs, daguerreotypes, photographs and pen-and-ink sketches. Every care
has been exercised by the !lrtists employed to faithfully preserve all the details of the
original drawings.
\Vhile ..very effort has been made to secure autheutic information, it is possible that
ina.ccuracies may bave crept in. Should any such ci\tch the eye of the reader, a notifica-
tion sent to the publisher would assist the issue of an errata list during the year, a copy of
which will he seut to every subscriber.
Of this volume ona thousand copies ha...e been issued. The edition is limited to this
number.
A second volume of similar size will be issued in the coming autumn, which will also
be limited to one thousand copies.
The volume sells for one dollar and a half in paper and two dollars in cloth. To have
reproduced the work in the regulation book type would have materially increased its cost.
In fact, the entire book and engravin
s could not have been produced for less than ten
dollars per volume.

J. ROSS ROBERTSON.

TORONTO, l\Iay, 1894.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTQ

CONTENTS_

CHAPTER I. PAGE I UHAP .fER XIX. PAGE
Two Famous Houses-The Givins and A Sketch of the Grange-The Home of
Castle Frank-Governor Simcoe's D'Arcyand William Henry Boulton. 38
Residence....................... 1 CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER II. George Ridout's Mansion - Sometime
Mackenzie:s York Street Home,....,.. 6 Home oi George Ridout and After-
CHAPTER III. warda of the Bishop of Quebec.... 40
History of Holland House-The HomE" CHAPTER XXI.
of H. J. Boulton................. 7 Jonathan Scott's House-A Reminiscence
CRAPTER IV. ot Captain McGill and the Rebellion
John McIntosh's House............... 10 of 1837. ...... .... .., '" ...... . . 42
CHAPTER V. CHAPTER XXII.
History of Beverley House-The Resi. I Harper"s Queen Street IIouse-A Dweil-
dence of Chief Justice Robinson- ing Occupied by l\lallY 'VeIl-known
Sometime Horne of Lord ::sydenham 11 I Clergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER XXIII.
Jordan'H York Hotel-A King- Street Richmond's Blacksmith Shop-Queen
East H o'ltelry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 13 and Simcoe Streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
CHAPTER YII. CHAPTER XXIV.
First Bank in Upper Canada.....,.. ., 15 Andrew Mercer's Cottage-An Early
CHAPTER VIII. Printing Office-A Forged \Yill.... 46
Cottage of Lieutenant M.udge - His CHAPTER XXV.
Death and Grave. ...... ...,.. ... 16 The Greenland Fishery-A 'Vell.known
CHAPTER IX. Front Street Public House....,.. 48
The First BrIck Buildiug-The Homeo! CHAPTER XXVI.
Quetton St. Geor!..'e..... . . . . . . . . . . 17 Robert Beard's Hotel-Church and Col-
CHAPTER X. borne Streets-Early Masonic Halls
The Gardeners' Arms-A Famous Yonge -A Mysterious
Iurder .... ,..... 5C
Street Resort............ ........ 19 CHAPTER XXVII.
CHAPTER XI. Doel's House and Brewery-
Iore Re-
A Queen Street Block-A Fated House 21 miniscences of the Rebellion. ...... 51
CH APTER XII. CHAPTER XXVIII.
The Tecumseh Wigwam. -.. _. ...,.... 23 Justice Powell"s House - A Famous
CHAPTER XIII. Judge........................... 55
A Once Great Merca.ntile Row-King CHAPTER XXIX.
Street from George to Frederick The Public Market-The Pillory and the

treets in .. The '1 wenties.". ...... 24 stocks...... .. .... .. " .... '" .... 59
CHAPTER XIV. r CHAPTER XXX.
College A venue Lodge - The Queen I The Military ('emeteries., . . . . . . . . ... 65
Street Entrance.. ...... ...... .... 27 CHAP
l'ER XXXI.
CHAPTER XV. I Forts-French anà EngJish.. .......... 68
Bishop Strachan's Mansion-Where the CHAPTER XXXII.
Famous Prelate Lived and Died... 28 Justice Campbell's Mansion.,......... 80
CHAPTER XVI. CHAPTER XXXIH.
The Children's Friend (Jesse Ketchum). 30 The Checkered Store-Some Well-
CHAPTER XVII. known ResIdents of Toronto....... 81
Universities, Old and New..... . ...... 34 CHA.PTER XXXIV.
CHAPTER XVIII. The Jails oÎ the County -
'Iany Sad
The Old Globe Office. . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Scenes. . " .,..............,..... 83

('HAPTER XXX\,'. PAGE
The Old Red Lion Hotel-A Famous
Yorkvilh
House-William Lyon
Mackenzie's Election of 1831...... 88
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Berkeley House-The Home or
la.jor
Small and his Descendants. . . . . . . ..
CHAPTER XXXVII
T. C. 0apreol's residence-The Kinnear
Murder and
lr, Capreol ........
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
The Bellevuc Homestead-The Home of
the Denisons........ .' ,..,.,... III
CHAPTER XXXIX,
The Sun Tavern- Further Reminiscences
of \V m, Lyon Mackenzie. . . . . . . . .. 113
CHAPTER XL.
The Old Blue School at Y ol'k- Dr.
Strachan and other Famous Teach-
ers ..... . ..,.................. 115

CHAPTER XLL
A 8ketch of Russell Abbey-1t.s Many
Occupants. . ., , ....., .,........ 120
CRAPT ER XLII.
The First Catholic School ............ 124
CHAP
I.'ER XLIII.
The Dixon House. .. _.. .. .,......... 126
CHAPTER XLIV,
L?g-an's Cottage Rnd G&.rdt'n-The First
Honse on Church above Queen
street _ . . . . . . . .. ...... ........
. 125

CHAPTER XLV.
Home oi Secretary Jarvis-The Old
House on Duke and Sherbourne
Streets. . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER XLVI.
The Smith Homestead-The First Frame
HQuse in York-The Don House. .. 132
CHAPT ER XL VII.
The HOllie I }istrict School-The First
Puhlic School in York - Dr.
Strachan's First Residence. . . . . . .. 136
CHAPTER XLVIII.
The First Methodist Church--Singular
Changp.s. . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . : . . .. 140
CHAPTER XLIX
Paul 1Hshop's House and Shop-The
First Cab. . . . . . . . . . . .. _.. _ , . . . . .
CHAPTE f-
L
Upper Ca.nada College-Fa.mous :\Ia.sters
and Scholars. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . , . .
CHAPTER LI.
The Post.offices-Curious Recollectic)J)s
CHAPTER LI'.
Dr. W. \V. Baldwin's Residences-Spa-
dina House and Avenue,...... .._
CHAPTER LIll.
Alexander \V ood's House - First side-
walk in Toronto..... . . . . . . . . . . .. 177
CRA PIER LIV.
A Y onge
treet Corner. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 179

CONTENTS.

v

CHAPIER LV. PAGE
John Sleigh's House-A Well Known
Duke Street Residence. . . . _ . . . . . ., 180
CHAPTER LVI.

"reeland'B Soap Fact.ory-Some Inter-
esting Incidents Connected with it 182
95 CHAPTER LVII.
The Shakespeare Hotel - The Ador's
Resort -The Only Theatre - A
Great Fire.. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . , . . . .. 186
CHAPTER LVIII,
Dr. Gra.nt Powell's House - Incidents
of the War of 1812..............188
CHAPTER LIX.
The Scaddin
Homestead- Henry Scad-
ding's House in Trimty Square.... 194
CHAPTER LX.

l ackenzie's Home in York street, ad-
ditional particulars-Dr. Hornby.., 196
CHAPTER LXI.
Dr 'Vidmer's houses-An eminent Front
st re!ilident. . . . . . . . . .. ........... 199
CHAPTER LXII.
John Farr's Brewerv-Gore Vale and
Gore Vale Brool.:... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201
CHA/--'TER LXIII.
Colborne Lodge, High Park-The home
of John George Howard.......... 204-
CHAPTER LXIV.
Two old breweries-J oseph Bloor and
John Severo, both of York ,'ilIe .
CHAPTER LXV.
The Oid Globe Corner-second notice
CHAPTER LXVi.
The Farmers' Storehouse Company.
128 CHAPTER LXVII.
The Jennings Church-The First United
Presbyterians. . . . . . . . . 219
CHAPTER LXVIII.
An early Bay Shore View............. 221
CH

l'TER LXIX.
The McGill Square-.John ,McGill-
Colors of the Third York 1\li1i tia . 223
CHAPTER LXX,
Thomas Mercer Jones' ViHa-A Front
street House - Afterwards the
11 ouse of Captain Strachan........ 22
, CHAPTER LXXI.
Montgomery's Hotel - Thfl Place 011
142 Yonge street \\' here the Mackenzie
Rebellion began and endpd ...... 227
I CHAPTER LXXII
141 The Telegram Corner..,............. 239
CHAPTER LXXHl.
153 The Stea.mer Frontenac-First Steam
Vesst:! on La.ke Ontario ...,...... 243
CHAPTER LXXIV.
167 Cooper's'Vharf..................... 2-1,)
CHAPTER LXXV,
Hart's School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ., 247
CHAPTER LXXVI.
Hayes Boarding
House-A Once Popular
Resort for Memberd of Parliament 247

99

207

216

218

vi

CHAPTER LXXVII. PAGE
The Customs Houses...... .,......... 251
CHAPTER LXXVIII.
Mackenzie as an Exile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 261
CHAPTER LXXIX.
The McLean Homestead-Formerly the
ReRidence of John Henry Dunn and
his son, the Famous Soldier...., " 264
CHAPTER LXXX.
Bank of Upper Canada . . . . . . . . , . . . . .. 268
CHAPTER LXXXI.
Donald Macdonald's Houst: .... . ., .... 271
CHAP fER LXXXII.
Wreck of the Monarch......... . ., .... 271
CHAPTER LXXXIII.
York House - The Home of Judge
Hagerman and Lieutendnt,Governor
Crawford.... , .... ... .. ...... " ..
74
CHAPTER LXXXIV.
A Once Popular Hotel-The Ontario
House-The
ellington Hotel.... 274
CHAPTER LXXXV.
Old St" Andrew's Church..,.......... 279
CHAPTER LXXXVI.
The Ridout Homestead................ 2
O
CHAPTER LXXXVII.
The York Militia.............. ,..... 282
CHAPTER LXXXVIII.
C.mada's nefender8-
ome \Vell-known
Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 285
CHAPTER LXXXIX.
Mary"ille Lodge-The Home of Hon.
D. W. Smith..............,... 286
CHAPTER XC.
The City Hall...................... 290
CHAPTER XCI.
The Bond-head Inn.................. 292
CHAPTER XVII.
St. Patrick's Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 292
CHAPTER XCIII.
Miss Hussey's School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 294
CHAPTER XCIV.
The Toronto Academy. . . . , . . . . . . .. " 295
CHAPTER XCV.
The Bostwick House. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . " 296
VHAPTER XCVI.
Elmsley Villa,
ometime Residence of
Lord Elvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 296
CHAPTER XCVII.
The Bank of British North America.... 299
CHAPTER XCVIII.
The Harris Shinplasters. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 301
CHAPTER XCIX.
Major Hillier's Cottage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 303
CHAPfER C.
An Early Methodist Chul"ch-AJelaidp
and Toronto streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 303
CHAPTER CI.
Elmøley HouBe- Where Now Stanqs
Government House. . , . . . . . . . . . . .. 304
CHAPTER ClI.
The American Hotel . ' . . . . .. '" _ .." 306

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER CIlI. PAGE
An Old Picture-View of York ....... 306
CHAPTER CIV.
A Directory of 1815. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 308
CHAPTER ev.
Early DaY3 of York - .Biographical
Sketches. . . .. ,................. 310
CHAP1'ER CVI.
The Court Houses.... . .. " ., .. .... . .. 319
CHAPTER eVIl.
The Railroad Stationa ............... 326
CHAPTER CVIII.
The Dennis Cottage-Afterwaràs the
Ridout Warehouse, now the Cuna.rd
Office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .. 328
CHAPTER CIX.
The City In 1846..................... 329
CHAPTER ex.
A West Market Street Block..,....... 332
CHAPTER CXI.
An Old Tar-Michael Masterson....... 334
CHAPTER CXIl.
The Waterloo Buildings-Stone, Mac-
donald's and ElIah's Hotels. ..... .. 335
CHAP 1 ER eXIII.
Land Grants in York and Toronto from
1796 to 1861. .. .......,......... 337
lJHAPTER CXIV.
Houses of Parliament.... ... '" . .., 351
CHAP fER CXV.
y or
8 First Stone Honse. .. . . .. ...... 359
CHAPTER CXVI.
King Street East in 1846.. .. , . .,... .. 360
CHAPTER CXVII.
The British Coffee House, where now
stands the Rossin House. . . , . . . . .. 362
CHAPTER CXVIII.
George Monro'. House-Afterwards The
Black Horse Hotel. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 364
CHAPTER CXIX.
The British America Assurance Com.
pany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . , . . , .. 366
CHAPTJ<
R CXX.
Assessment Roll of tha Town of York in
1833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367
CHAPTER CXXI.
The La.wn-The Home of the Drapers. 377
CHAPTER CXXII.
The Central School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. :
78
CHAPTER CXXIII.
The Coffin Block, now Gooderham's Cor-
ner . . . . . . . . . . . , . .. . . . , , . . . . . . . . ,. 380
CHAPTER ex XIV.
Two Plans of the Town...... ..... .... 384-
CHAPTER CXXV.
Caleh Humphrey's House-Afterwards
Garside s Hotel...... . . . . . . . . . . .. 390
CHAPTER UXX\' I.
Bank of Montreal.... . . . , . . . . . .. .... 391
CHAPTEI{ CXXVII.
The Crown Inn-Afterwards a K ewspa-
per office..,..................... 393

CONTENTS.

vii

CHAPTER CXXVIII. PAGE I CHAPTER CL V. PAGE
Os"oode Hall...... _ . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. 393 Children's Hospitals. . . . . . .. _ . . .. . _ . .. 465
CHAPTER CXXIX. CHAPTER CLVI.
Dr. Thomas Stoyell's House.......... 397 John Hutchinson's Houie. . . . . . . . . . . .. 468
CHAPTER CXXX. CHAPTER CLVIL
The
leeha.nics Institute-Now the Pub- Alexander Lcgge's Building...... . , ,.. 469
lie Free Library.... .. .. ... ... , ... 398 CHAPTER CLVllI.
CHAPTER CXXXI. John Beikie's Dwelling. . . . . .. , . , . . . . ., 469
The UnÌ\'ersitv Door.......... ..... _.. 4ÛO CHAPTER CLIX.
CHAPTER CXXXII. The Macdonell House. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 470
The Aesessment Rolls of the City for CHAPTER CLX.
1834.... .... .................... 401 Joseph Bloor's Housc ..... ........... 476
CHAPTER CXXXIIl. CHAPTER CLXl.
The ðIills on the Upper Don-Terry's Governor Simcoe's Carriage. ...... .... 477

lills and Helliwell's 'Brewery. . .... 427 CHAPTER CLXIL
CHAPTER CXXXIV. A Ho
se of Two Doctors. Drs. Diehl and ......
Eishop Macdonnell's House. . . . . . . . . ,.. 430 King. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,

CHAPTER CXXXV. CHAPTER CLXIII.
A Celebrateà Case-The Mercer Will... 433 The Theatres of the Town.. .. . , . ..... 478
CHAPTER CXXXVI. CHAPTER CLXIV.
The MacNab Homestead. . _ , . . . . . . . . .. 433 A Kin" Street View. . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ., 491
CHAPTER CXXXVII. CHAPTER CLXV.
Dr Telfer's House ...........,....... 437 Chancell
r Jameson's House.. .. '" .,. 492
CHAPTER CXXXVIïI. CHAPTER CLXVI
John Thomson's House... ............. 438 The First Brewery of york.... . '" ... 495
CHAPTER CXXXIX. CHAPTER CLXVII.
Kmg a.nd Bay Street Corner. . . . . . . . . .. 439 The Queen's \Vharf.................. 495
CHAPTER CXL. CHAPTER CLXVIII
North.wes' Corner of Kin
and Ba.y An Old Time Assembly-Frank's Ho-
Street ................,......... 440 tel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 498
CHAPTER CXLI. CHAPTER CLXIX.
The Observa.tory........ " ..'... ...... 441 St. Paul's Church. moor street.. ...... 500
CHAPTER CXLII. CHAPTER CLXX.
A Popttlar Bath House.., ...... _..... 442 Church and Cathedral-The History of
CHAPTER CXLIII. St. James..... .. . .. .. .... ..... ... 501
A Church Stre
t Building...... .",. 444 CHAPTER CLXXI.
CHAPTER CXLIV. Knox Church Buildings-First Presby-
An Adelaide Street Building. . . . . . . . .. 4t:> terian Church in Toronto. . . . . . . .. 510
CHAPTER CXLV. CHAPTER l.iLXXII.
Abner Miles' Store................... 445 The First Municipal Election. ........ 511
CHAPTER CXLVI. CHAP-fER CLXXIII.
Simon Washburn's House - Duke and Two Duke Street Mansions...... .... ., 513
Ueorge Streets........ ............ 454 CHAPTER CLXXIV.
CHAPTER CXLVII. An Old Corner - King and George
Mathew Walton's House - Afterwards streeta......... ..........,...... 514
the Ca.van Arms ..... . . . . . . . . . ., 455 CHAPTER CLXXV.
CHAPTER CXLVIII. A View on the Humber. ... ....'.... 515
Colin Drummond's House ............ 457 CHAPTER CLXXVI.
CHAPTER CXLIX An Early Wholesale House, Gamble &
The Black Bull Hotel. . . . . . . . . '" . . .. 457 Birchall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 516
CHAPTER CL. CHAPTER CLXXVII.
A Peter Street Residence-The Home of Street Nomenclature................. 516
Robert Stanton. . ................ 459 CHAPTER CLXXVIII.
CHAPTER CLI. Fifty Years Ago-Changes and Improve-
HonseR of Sir Francia Hincks ... . . . . . 459 ments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 528
LHAPTER CLII. CHAPTER CLXXIX.
A Richmond Street Dwelling-The Home John Bishop's Block.,.. ., .. ......... 529
of Dr. Mewburn and Lawyer Turner 462 CHAPTER CLXXX.
CHAPTER CLIlI. A Poplar Plains House-The Residence
The Market Lane School. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 464 of J. S. Howard. . . . . . . . . . . .. .... 531
CHAPTER CLIV. CHA PTER CLXXXI.
Crispin's Tavern.,....... ...........464 The Man-of.war Cherokee,....,...... 533

viii CONTENT
.
. CHAPTER CLXXXII. PAGE I ,CRAPTER CLXXXIX. PAGE
An Ola Law Office................... 533 / The Cawthra Hou
es.....,.......... 543
CHAPTER CLXXXIII. CHAPTER (,XC.
f'leepv Hollow-The Home of John I An Old Military Order Book......... 244
Beverley Robinson... _........... 535 CHAPTER CXCl.
CHAPTE.R CL
XXIV. _ , . The Leslie Stores. .. .. .. .' . '.' . . . . .. ... 553
An Old Foundry-Cheney s... ,'...... 037 CHAPTER CXCII.
CHAPTER CLXXXV. Charles March's Shop........ ,...... 555
John Du

a.n's House................ 538 I CHAPTJ:i.;R CXCIII.
CHAP I'ER CLXXXVI. I The British Wesleyan Chapel. . . . . , . .. 556
The General Hospital..,............. 538 CHAPTER CXCIV.
CHAPTER CLXXXVIL The Rosedale Homestead-House of
An East King Street Building-:\lrs. J. E. Small and the Jarvis Family.. 556
Loclers'..,................. .. .... 540 CHAPTER VXCV.
CHAPTER CLXXXVIIJ. Moss Park-Residence of Colonel anù
House of the Duke of Kent-Oak Hill The Hon. G. W. A!lan........... 559
-The
haw Residence........... 541

ILL USTBA TIONS-

PAGE
Toronto Harbor-l'j93. Frontispiece
York in 1803. Frontispiece
Castle Frank. Frontiepiece
(;
v!ns: H.ousc (two views). . . . .. . .opp.
Glvms Llbrarv......................
Castle Frank.
..,...., . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simcoe, Governor........ . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mal:kenzie's House. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
Holland House-Front View.. ., . .. ..
Holiand House-Garden '-iew... . "
1\lClntosh's,
J ohu, House. . . . . . . . . . , ,
Beverley House.. .... .... .. .". ,. .. ,.
Jordan's Hotel, King Street East.. .
Bank, An Old. . . , . . . . . . . . . .. ........
Mudge's, LiE:utenanti, Cottage and Grave
York's First Brick Building. . . . . . . . . .
Bird',!! Tavern............ ........'..
Queen st west, James to Terauley st, opp_
G,ardeners':Arms. . .... ..... .........
Tecumseh \Vigwam ... ,... ... .... .. ._
College A venue Lodge.. . . , . , , . . . , . . .
Strachan's. Bishop, Mansion. . . . . . . . . . .
Ketchum's, Jesse, House.. .. . . . . .. .. ..
University, The Old, . . . . .
University, The New......... .. ......
Globe Uffice, Old. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grange, The.... . . . . . . . . . . . . , , ,l, pp
Ridout's :Mansion in 1820.. _ . _ . . . . . , , .
188ì........,.,. .
Scott's, JonathaI1, House.. . . . . . . . . . . ._
Harper's, John. House......... _ ..._
Richmond's Blacksmith Shop. . . . , " ..
:i\lercer Cottage...... .... '.. . .. ,opp.
Greenland Fisheries.. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .
peard's Hotel,......... ..........,..
Doel Homestead and John Doel......
Doel Brewery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . ' . .
" " and. Homestead,another vicw
Powell's, Justice, House.. ....... . .. ...

Iarkets in York, l'he First five Views.
St. Lawrence Hall.. . .... .. ...... .opp.
Cemetery Tombstov(!s...... . .. .... ....
Cemetery \Vest of Garrison. . . .. . , . . . . .
Old Fort from Lake.........,......,.
.. Remains of , .. . . . . . , . . . .opp.
Entrance to, 1796.1812. . . . . , .
battery, South Side of. ... .
Officers' Quarters. 1816.......
Bloci
House. 1888......, _,.
\Vest En trance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
East Entrance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Campbell Mansion ...... .. ...... opp
Checkered Store. . . . . . , . . .. ..... ....
Quebec Dank (two illustrations). . . . , . .

PAGE
York Jail, 1800-24..........,........ 84
Jail, N orth.east Corner King and Y onge
streets. . . , . . . . . . . . . .. ............ 85
2 Graves of Patriots . . . . , . . . 86
2 Jail, 1858-1894......,....,........... 87
4 " Tail, 1840-] 860.. ... ......,..... opp. 87
5 Red Lion Hotel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 89
7 I Ball and Public
OOll1, Red Lion. .. gO
8 Bar-room, Red LlOn. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . !H
9 View fcom Yard of Red Lion........ g3
II ì\j ackenzie Medal.................. 94
12 Berkeley House.. ., .. ... '" ..... . .. ,_ !)ü
14 Capreol'& Auction Rooms... ,.. . . .. . 100
16 i Capreol's Housf>. Wellington street. . .. 102
17 1 Capreol, F, C............,. .... _ . , ., 10;

18 Capreol's, F. C, Residence, Ciarence
20 square. . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 104
21 Capreol, F,C., at ;\Ir. Ogilvie's Window 107
22 Northern Engine, First... 109
23 Railway Time Table, First.,...... opp. 109
28 Railway Ticket, First......, . . . . . . . ., 109
29 Denisoll House. . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ., 112
31 Sun Tavern. . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ , . . . . 114
:J4 Ilue School at York. _ , , . . . . , , . .' . . . .' 1] 7
:
3 Russell Abbey..,.......... . .. .. . .. .. ] 22
:H Russell, President..............., .opp. li2
38 Ca.tholic School, First. . . . . . I
5
40 Logan's Cottage and Uarden. .. ...., 127
41 Secretary Jar\"
s, Home of Mr. .. . . .... 130
4:1 Bishop, Paul, Heuse" Built by. . . .. .. l:n
45 Smith Homestead, First...,..... .opp. 1:
2
47 Smith's Don House...... ... .. .. .... .. 133
47 I Smith Homestead. eorner King and
491 Sherbourne streets.... . .. .....,.. .. 135
51 Smith Homestead, King street east.. .' 13i
52
Iethodist Church, First.. . . .... ., .. .. 139
53 Bishop's Shop, Duke street.. .... ., . . .' 141
54 Bii3hop's Shop, south side Duke street. 14:

60 Seaton, Lord.... .. . . ., .. .. . .. ., . . ., 145
63 U. C. Collt'2:e.. . .. .. . .... . 146
65 - remodelled ....... .. ... 149
66 Deer Park Duilding!l. opp. ],')4
67 Post Office, First. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . ., 156
ü9 .. Second. . . . .. ., ... ...,..' 158
69 Third. .. ., .... . .. . .. .... 159
71 1 Fourth................... 161
73 Fifth................ .....162
';'.')
ixth................ _ _ 164
'ji' c. .. Reventh.................. 165
i8 1 .. .. Eio hth and Present One..:. 166
79 llaldwin Residence, Early...,. .. .... 168
81 I Sp!l.uina House....,. . . . . . .. .. . . 1 iO
811 .. .. BuiltDec..1
36,....,.. li2
82 I Glen Cottage.. .... ,. .. ........... ., 174

x

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE PAGE
Baldwin House, Front street.. .... .. ... 176 York, 1794, Map of.,.... '..... .... 289
\V oods' House. . . . .. ........ _ . . . . . , .. 178 City Hall, 1851... . . . . , . . .. .......... 291
Yongeand Gould sts., Corner.......... 180 Bond Head Inn.. .......,....:. _ 292
Sleigh's, John. House... ...,..,...... 181 St. Patrick's Market.... ....... 293
Freeland '. Factory.. .. _ .. " ...., .... 184 1893. .. . . .. .. . opp. 294
Shakespeare Hotel......... 187 Hussey's. Miss, School........ ,..... 294
Powell's, Dr., House.......,' ..... 190 Toronto Academy. ........",.. 295
Powell's Burial Ground. . . . . . , . . , , . . .. 192 Bostwick House.... . . , . .. .....",.. 296

caùding House...... ...., ...,...,., 195 British North America, BlI.nk of ... . . .' 268
Trinity square, No. 10........... .. 196 Harris'
hinplal:lters .. .. . .. .. .. .. . ... 300
Mackenzie and Hornby House!:. , . . . . .. 198 Ryerson, Egerton..................,. 302
Widmer's, Dr., House.. .. ... 200 Hillier's Cottage.... .. .. . . .. .... 303
Farr's Brewery.. .. .. ... . ,.. ...,..,.. 202
Iethodist Church Adelaide street, .. .. 304
Farr's Brewery, second view.. .,.",. 203 Elmsley House. . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . _ . 305
Howard, I\1r. J. G.... ...... ., 204 American HoteL.... ... . ... .......... 308
Colborne Lodge. . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . .. . 206 Toronto in 1828. . . . . . . . . , .. . . . . . .opp. 308
Howard Ca.irn. _ . . . .. . . , . , 209 Court House, Richmond street........ 320
Severn's Brewery. . . . . . . . . . , . . . , 212 Court House, 1837. . . . . . . . .. .... ..., 321
Bloor's Brewery. . . . . . . , . . . . . , 214 Court H ouse. 1
94.... ........ .,.,.. 322
Old Globe Ofiice............. . . 217 Grand Trunk Depot, Old.. ...,....,.. :127
Jenning!!' Church.... .. .... 220 Dennis House. . .. . ... ...... .... _ .... :129
Old Fish Market, (two views),.,. 222 \Vest Market st...... .......... ..... 3:
2
McGill Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .. 224 Masterson Cottage.,...... . , . . . . . . . .. 334-
Mercer Jones' Villa...... . , .. . ... .... 226 Waterloo Buildings,....... .,.... ..... 3:{6
Moodie.Col.. Death of-J. )Iontgomery 228 Parliament House 1797-1813, First...... 351
Anderson. Thomas...... .. .... .... .... 229 .. " Another view
Sheppard, Thomas. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. 230 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . opp. :152
Patriot Defeat.. . . .... .. .. . . . . . , 231 Parliament House 1818.24.... .,. .. .... 333
Anderson, J.. . _.. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. 234 House of Assembly, Proposed Plan.opp 354-
Execution of LoUllt and Matthews. . . ,. 236 u .. .. .. opp. 354
Telegram Corner, 1893, .......... opp. 238 Parliament Buildinits in the Forties. . .. 355
French & Wyman's Chair Factory. . ... 240 " " 1892. ...... .... 357
King and Bay Streets, 1846, S. W. cor.. 242 Kingston Houpe...... . . . . .. .. . . .. .... 359
Steamboat Frontenac ..........,..... 244 Kin
st E 184S-6,..... ...... ...' o
p. 360
Cooper's Wharf..... ...,............ 246 Ie 1846 Two views .,. . , . .opp. 360
Hart's School House. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .. 248 King st, Soutih Side two views .... opp. 360
Hayes' Boarding-house ..... . . . . . . . . .. 250 Coffee House KJDg st \\' . . , . . . . . . . . . .. 363
Custom House, First.................. 252 Monro's, George, House. .... 365
Allan's Wharf-Second Custom House.. 254 Assurance, B. A., Company" . . . . . , , .. 366
Columbus Shop and Third Custom HOUSEl, lJraper Residence, "1 he Lawn... . .... ., 377
(two plates) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... 255 School, Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 379
ColnmbusShop and FourthCustom Houde 256 Coffin Block..,.. ..... .' .. .,.... ., 381
Custom House, Fifth... .. ... .. . .. .... 257 I .. .. South Side............. 382
.. .. Seventh............... 258 North Side............. 383
Sixth.................. 259 York Harbor 1797.... .. .. . .opp. 384
Eight;h.,..............260 Toronto Harbour, Planof.........,., 385
Rebellion, 1837, Lieut.-G(lvernor's Pro- Humphrey's, Ca.leb, House... ... ..... 390
lamation.. .. .. ................ opp. 261 Bank of l\lontreal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

lackenzie Cartoons...... ...... ..,... 262 Mirror Printini Office... .. ., , , " .... :{9.t.
Promissory Note. .... ..,... 263 Osgoode Ha.ll..............,.., 396
.:\1cLean Homestead.. .. .. . .. . .. ... ... 266 Stoyell'lI. Dr., HOwIe...... ., . ., , " . , ., :m;
Upper Canada, Bank of... .,.... .... .. 269 Library, Public..........,..... 31-)9

cDonald House. . . . . . . , . , , . . . . . . opp. 270 U ni versity Door. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . ,.. . . .. 400
Monarch, Wreck of.... ..., . .,. .... ., 272 Brewery on Don, 1820"... .'.... 427
York House. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273 Eastwood's, J., House.. . . . . , 428
Ontario Housc, Old.. . .... ........... 275 Helliwell House...... . .. . .. . . . ... .., 429
Windmill, Old, .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 277 :Macdonell's, Bishop, House.., . . ., . . ., 431
St. Andrew's Church. .... .... ..'.... 279 )Iercer's, Andrew, Will........, ...... 434
Ridout Homestead..... ....,... .opp 280 MacNab, Sir.A. N., Residence of...." 436
Ridout House..... ............Next 281 Telfer's, Dr., House.. ........,...". 438
Maryville Loòge . .. . . .. .. . . . ., .,.... 287 !'homson's, John. House.... .. . . . . . . .. 439
York narbor and Country, Map of. . , '. 288 Cor. King lind Bay sts., 1850. . . ., . , , .. 440

ILLUSTRA TrONS.

xi

-
PAGI<; I PAGE
Toronto Observatory. . . . . . . . . .. ...... 442 Theatre, Tenth ........ . . . . . . , . - . . , .. 490
Blue's Bath Houlile, Lamb'liI HoteL... 443 King st., Toronto, 1836.. .. .,. '" .opp. 492
Church It. Candy Shop.. ..... ...... .. 444 Jameson's, Chancellor, House........ .. 493
Auction Room, Adela.ide st. ., . . . . . '. .. 445 York's First Brewery .. ...... _ . 495
'Vashburn's. Simon, House.. . .. .. _ . .. 455 Queen's \Vharf . . . . . . . . . . . ' 497
Cavan Arms.. .. .... ..' _ . . . . ... .... .. 4.;6 St. Paul's Church. 1841.. .. . . ..... . 499
Drummond's, Colin. House .. . .. , . . . ., 457" 1861. . . . . . . .. ..' . 5UO
Black Bull Hotel. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 458 Cathedral, First. (two views). . 502
Stanton House... ... .. ......... __ ... 460 .. Second........... " ... '.. 503
Hincks', Francia, House.. .. .. .. .... 461 St. James.... ...... , 507
Hincks'. Francis, First House......,.. 4û2 Fourth........... -.,.. -.. 509
Turner House. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 463 Knox Church. . . . . . . . . . .' . 511
Market Lane SchooL... .. . .. .. opp. 464 Knox Church, Second. ., . ..... . . . . 512
Crispin's Hotel........ ........ '..... 465 Cameron's, M. l).. Residence..... .... 513
Hospital, Second.. . . . . . , . , . , . . . . . . . .. 466 1 S. E. cor. Kin.{ and George streets, . 514
" Third.. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . ... 467 H umber
J ills.. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . . . 515
Fourth. . . .. . , . . . . . . . . . . . , ., 468 I Gamble & Birchall's Store. . . .. . . . . . . .. 516
Hutchinson's, J., House.. , . . . . . . . ., 4li9 Bishop's. Paul. Block. . . _ . . . . . . . . . . , .. 530
Le
g's, Alex.. House. . . . , ,. 469 Olive Groye................... . . 53f.
Beikie's, John, House. .... . _ . . ... 470 Cherokee, The.. .............. ., 534
Macdonell House........ ............ 474 Robinson's, At.torney General. Office,.. 535
Bloor's, John. House '...... ......... 476 Robinson's, John B., House.. .,. .. . . .. 536
Simcoe's, Governor, House.. . . 477 Cheney's Foundry. . . , , , , . . . . . . . . . , 537
King's, Dr., House...... 478 Duggan's. J., House.......... ........ 338
Theatre, First........... . . , . . . . .. 47
Hospital, Old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 539
.. Second. . , . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Hospital, Plan of Old. . . . . . . . . . . .. _,. 540
ThIrd. . . . . . . " . 481 Loder's, Mrs.. Tavern. . . . . ... . , . . . , .. 541
Fourth, . . ... . 483 Shaw House, Oak Hill (two views), 542
Fifth. . _ ......... 484 LessUe & Sons' Stores. = . . . . . . . . ., . . .. 554
Sixth. . . . .. ., ... . ., . , . , , . .. 485 March's Paint Shop.... " . . ., .... _ 556
S
venth. . . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . ., 486 1 Britisl-. Wesleyan Cha.pel. . , . .. ......' 257
Eighth. . . , . , . . . .. . 487 Rosedale Homestead. . . , . . . . . . . ., ... 558
Ninth......".,...."...,.. 488 Moss Park ........,................. 500

GEN"ERAL IN"DEX_

A. PAGE I PAGE
Allan.G..'Y.............,....,.._. ..
61 capr , eol,F.C................ ....99, III
Alla
, \Vlluam........ ......2,)1,366,..,59 Cameron,lVL C.........,............ 513
Albion, \Yreck of. Loss of MIss Powell.. 38 Campbell. Lieut....... _.............. 362
American Hotel, proprietors of . . . . . . . :. 306 / Sampbell, '

ll
am, Sir. . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Anderson. Thos............ ...,..22/,533 Campbell, \\llham......... " '" 180
Accident at Politica.l Meeting in City Ca wthra, John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 543
Ha.ll. 1834 ........................ 62 Chauncey, Commodore...... .. . " .. 191
Arthur,Geo.Sir...................... 378 1 Clarke, John................... ....201
Aylmer, Captain.... . . ., . . .. . . .. .... 476 Craig, John. . . ...... .. .. ... ... . . . . . ., 336
It I Crawford, John....... '.... . ...... 391
Baby Raymond.. .. .. ,..... .. .., .. '" 173 Celebrated Ball, 1814.......... ...... 498
Ba
ot._ Chas. Sir.. . . . . .. .., ......... 341
hAc
ered
.to!e, Occ'.1pants of. . , . .. 80, 83
Dam, ..James.. .. ...... .... .. . . '" ,. 289 I Chewltt, \\ ll.lam.. ... .. .. " . ...... .. 362
Ball Celebrated, 1848 .... . . . . . . . . . . .. 498 I Children's Hospitals, Officials of. ., 465, 468
Ball in York, Fancy Dress, 1827..171,193,333 Chisholm, William..........,........ 238
Barclay.JohnRev.......,... .... 241,278 City Theatre............,........... 325
.Baldwin, Robert........ ,. ....... 169,543 Crimean War, Incident of. .... . ' .... .. 38
Baldwin, W. \V.................. 1
4, 167 Crispin, Richard.. .... ......, ...,... 46-1
Bank of Montreal. First Directors of. .. 391 Coates, Richard...,........ . . , . . .. 46S
Bank of Upper Canada......, ...... 15,17 Colborne,Jobn, Sir 66.144, 336, 464,533, 53';'
Ba.nk of Upper Canada, Directors of... 270 Collier, Thos... ...,................ 469
Black Bull Tavern, Tenants of . . . . , . .. 439 Columbus, Isaac ......,. . . . . . . . .. 142
Brant. Joseph,... ......,.......,..., 389 Cooper. William ...,................ 243
Branding a Convict - . . ., . . . , .. 56,6
Crooksha.nk', Geo ...........,.... 268,299
Bt:ard, Joseph ...,... . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .. 393 Curiae Canadensis. . . . . . . .. ........ -163
Rearrl, Robert, . . 50 D.
Berthon, M, ....... . . . , , _ . . . 393 Daly, Chas....,.........., . . , , . . . . . _ 461
Heibe, John...... . 469 1 Daily 'l'elegraph.,...........,.. . .. 241
BrcckenridJ;te, Mrs. ... , , .. " , . . 469 Day gook of Abner
1iles ... _ 441-450
Birt::halI, T. \V........,. _ , _ . :
6() I Draper,
lajor ...........,..,....... 378
Bishop. John...., . . 329 ! Draper, \Yilliam Henry........ . 377.534
Bishop, Pau)........,....... J421 Desjardins CanQI Accideht.......,.... 50
Bouchet
?, Joseph. . :{
7 I })en
son, F. C. . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . , . . . . . .. 1 I 2
Rond, W llllam.... 280 DelUson, G. T. 1st.......... ., . '.. 111-113
Bostwick, L........ . ... ... .... 296 Denison, (}, 1'. 2nd... ... . '" . _ .. . ... HI
Boyd's Academy. . , . . . . . . . . . .. 241 Denison, G. T. 3rd. . . . . ., .. _ . . . , , . . .. III
:Doulton, Att. -General .. . .. .. 338. 436 Denison, John.. .. .. . . .. . .. 5, Ill, ll:
, l'i7
Boulton, D' Arcy. .. .. . .. ,11-38. 294 Denison, R L.. . .. .. .. .. .. , . . . . .. .... II 2
Boulton, Henry John. . . . . . . . . , . .8, 323 Dennis, John .......",.... ... 239, 328
Boulton, Judge. . .... .. . _. '. . .8, 38 Dent, Chas. J.... ... , .. . .. . . . .. .. . . ., 38()'
Boulton Library, .. .. .. . . . , . . " . . . , .. 39 Diehl, Dr. ..."..,....... . ... 201, 477
Bloor, Joseph................... 2B. 476 Directory oÌ 1815.......,...,..... . 20S
Borland, Alex..... '..... .. .... .... " 179 Dixon, Alex.... . '.. . . " ., .. , , " . . , .. 126
Krock, Gent-ral Sir I , ... .173, 1!-J9, 2R5, 542 Dixon,B. Homer.. . .. , . . . . . .. .. . :
06
Brown. Geo. , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 216, 359 Doel, John. , . . . . . .. ................ 51
Brown's 'Vharf .... ................. 185 Doel, W. H.......................... 51
Blue, Angus......................... 444 Dorchester, Lord.................... 384-
Blue School and Dr. Strachan. 118 Don Bridge. attempt to burn. . . . . . : 1-.. 333
Blue School, Pupils of. . . .. .. .'. _ . . .. 118 Drummond, Colin... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 457
C. Duel, John Small and John White. .97, 129
Canada Company's Office.. -... .. 15 Duggan, Geo............ ... .136, 323, 514
.. Canarla;' HteamfJr. . . ...... . .. ..... 328 Duggan, John..................... 338
Canadian Institute.... ...... " 201 Dunn, A. R.. ColoneL..... ....... .... 264
Canadian Punch... ...'..........'.. 99 Dunn, John Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. , . .. 26-1

GENERAL INDEX.

Ûii

PAGE PAGE
Durham, Lord....................... 461 "Horseboat" The...... ..'....'..... 245
E Horwood, Geo. C.... ................ 276
Eastwood, John.. ...... . .., .. 427 House of Assembly, Walsh's Plans for... 354
Ellah, John................. ...336. 362 Howard, A. McLean......... . . . . . . . .. 155
Ewart's Wharf.. . . . . .. . . . .... ., , . . . .. 185 Howard, J. G.... ...... 186, 201, 204, 278
Elmsley, Chief Justice... .......,. .. 304 Howdrd, J. S......... ....... .... 155,531
Elmsley , John...............,....... 296 Howard, Vlick.....,......... . . . . . . .. 221
Elliot, James...,........ ............ 333 Howland, William P......,..,....... 219
El
in,Lord..... ...,... ........298, 378 Heddy, Joshua, Executionof.......... 112
F. Hudsoll, Joseph, Rev.... . . . .. .. . .. ... 44
Fancy Dress Ball in York,1827. .171,193,333 Humphrey, Caleb... .'. ..,........,. 390
F J 219 Hunter, Peter, Governor. ........,... 61
arr, as............................ , H u&sey, Elizabeth,
J iss . . . , . . . . . . . . .. 294
Ftonton, John.... .. .. . .. .... ..... .3Î
, 464 Hussey, Elizabeth, Miss, Pupils of ,.. 295
Fletcher, Silas....................... 219 H h . J h 468
F L 'I B d 399 utc lllson,'o n......... . .....
ree I Jr9.ry oar ................., I
Freeland, Peter ..................... 182 I I .. C"l ., 56
First
lasters V.C. College.... .. .. .. .. ]48 I nm
n ouncI.......................
F . t C th 1 . S h I P "1 f 124 126 I In
hs. Russell ...................... 276
Irs a 0 IC C 00, Upl so. . . . , J
First Directors Bank of MontreaL... .. 391 I J A ì\ 1 . 492
PirstPublic
h,rket............... .. 61 1 arneson, nne,.1: rs.....,. .........
F . t R . 1 d E . f T t 10 9 J arneson, Chanc
llor. . , . , . . . . . . . . ... 492
Irs 1101 roo. xcurSlOn rom oron O. a . p'. 7
Fit st RaIlroad from Toronto. .. ... . .. 102 J arv
s,
' S.......................... 55
Fisher. Th09. .. .... .. .. ...... ., " .. " 515 J Jarv
s. Sam Peters.,. .. ... ...129, 210,
g 7 7
Fitz-Gibbon, Colonel ........... 238, 282 ' I Jarv
s, S

p.hen,. .......... .128, 23
,
JarvIs, \\ Ilham,.-.. . . . . . . ., . . ., .. .. . 128
G. Jarvis, W. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 537
Galt, John. . ... . . . .. .. .. .. . .' ..:... 333 Jennings, Berna.rd .. .. .. . . .... . .. '" 220
Gamble, Clarke.... ... . .48, 119, 366, 51;; Jennings, John.. ..... .. ... ..... .... 219
Gardeners' Ar
1s, Tenants of . . . . ., . . .. 19 Jennings, Rober1i.. .....' .. .... ... . ,.. 220
Gardner, E. "..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 329 Jennings, Wm..... , . . . . . 220
Grasett, H, J., Rev..... .......... 510 Jones, Augustus................,..... 390
Glen Cottage P
ets............. 175 .JolJes, Thos Mercer......... ... .226, 299
Glengarry FenCl Lies. ..... . .-.. . , .... 2 Joseph, Frank..................... 2'i4
Givins, Cecil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .. I, 5 K.
Givins, James ........... : -. .,.... I, 5 Kent Duke of 128 473 541
G
vins, Robt: C. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... .. 2, 3 Ketchum, Broth'e'r
' .rh
' '. '. ........ . . :. .30: 34
Gibson, David...... ....... ...... .. .. 229 Ketchum Jes"e 30 3':> 34
Gibson, Wm............ ........ 227, 2'3!-! Kilrlonall' Settìe

.t.. '.:: ::::::::
.:.:
57
Gore, Francis Sir........."...... 59, 328 King John . . . .. ........ 477
Gurnett, Geo. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 290, 393 Kinll

r
1
rd
r: : : : . . .. .....'...... 105
H. King Street Fires 1841 and 1843....144 186
Hagarty, Chief Justice.... . ..,.. ... , ., 274 King Street, Residents of in 1836 ..... 491
Hagerman, Alex..................... 274 King Street, Resirlents of in 1846. . .. .. 360
Hagerman, Solicitor GeneraL......... 358 Knott, \Ym..... ....: ............. 439
Hamilton, Robt.... .... .... ... . ., , . ., 37';' Knox Church, Adherents of... .. . . . . .. 279
Harbottle, Captain................... 533 Knox Church, Ministers of.. ......... 511
Harper, John. . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . 44 L.
Harris, T. D................ 138, 142, 301 Latham, Jacob...... ,...,........... 513
Harris, 'V. R...... .................. 142 Leach, W. T., Rev................ 243, 278
Hart's School, Pupils of. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 247 Lee, Dr. ...............,............ 354
Haunted House,........... .......... 132 Lefroy, J.H., Captain.... '... . . ...... 441
Hayes, .T obn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 248 Legge, Alex. ...........'............ 468
Head, Edmund W., Sir........... 306, 358 Lesslie Erothers. . . . . . , . , . . . . . . .. 553, 555
Head,Francis,Sir 55, 230,261,278, 282, 292 1 Library, Free, Board.... . ... ... ...... 399
Heffernan, Dennis. . ... .. . ......... 124 Lieutenants of Counties.... . ... ....... 48
Helliwell, Thos...................... 429 Lindsey, Chas. ...................... 232
Helliwell, William.., .... ... 249,38(\ 429 Lippincott, Ricbard...... ... ... ...... 112
Heward, Major...... .......... ...... 324\ Loder, Mrs.... ... .. . ........ ........ 540
I Hillier, Major....................... 303 I LOgan,JOhn......................... 127
I Hincks. Francis.. ........ .. ..... 177, 439 Lorne,'Marquis........... .......... 210

Home District; School,First Pupils of 24,136 Lount and Matthews, Death of. ' . . . . . . 85
I Horne, R. C., Dr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Lount, Samuel...... . . . . . . . .. ....... 232

xiv

GENERAL IN DEX.

M PAGE I O. PAGE
Macaulay, ,Jal
Jes................ 290, 3
9 1 On
ar
o House, ,Proprietor
of, . . ., .. " 2í

Macdonald, Jonn A...,...... ......... 3;)9 On,ano Lake,Steamers on,lD 1829,1888.26,21
Macdonell, Alex........... ........... 4';0 O'Connor, Wm.,............. ...... 529
Macdonell, A. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 Old Order Changes. The.. . . . . . . . . 98
Macdonnell, Bishop.... ......... .297, 430 Osborne, Wm, ...................... 216
Macdonnell, D. .J ohn, l<.ev.. . . . . . . . . .. 280 Osgoode, Willil:l.m. . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . .3OJ, 395
Macdonnell, .10hn.................... 431 Ox roasting, whole, at Queen's corona.
Macker..zie, Wm. L......6, 42,53,173, tion..,...........,... ............ 1!-J3
196. 2:30, 261, 358. P.
Mackc'!nzie, '''me L., Commissions issue Parish Stocke...,.. ............ .... 325
ed by him. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 264 Patterson, Peter. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 366
Mackenzie, ". m, L., Expulsion fmm Patton, James. . . . ,. ,......... ...... 199
House of Assembly. .. . . .. . .. .. . .. .. 113 Patton, Major.... _ .. . . '.. ........... 19û
Marsh Chas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 555 Playter, Eli. . . . . , . . . . . , . . ,. ....... . 219
Maitland, Peregrine Sir.... ..210. 251, 533 Playter, Emanuel. ., ...........,... 427
Maitland's wharf. . . . . . .. . , . . . .. . . . . .. 185 Playter, George.. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... 219
Marks. Grace. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 110 Pearson, Joseph. . .. ........ . , . . . .. . 219
Market Lane,School Masters anù Pupils Perry, Peter...... . ..... .........,., 459
of ........ ...................... 464 Philips, Thomas,Revd. . . . . . . . . . . . .120,359
Masters of U.C. College, 1830,93. ..151, 155 Pillory and Stocks. . '. .'.... ........ 62
Ma.sterson, Michael. . .. ............. 334 Prices in Toronto 1799. ......... 61
Matthews and Lount, death of....... .. 85 Prices in York 1819. . . ,. .... ... ... . .. 179
Mechanics' Institute, First Office Port, George W. . . . . . . . .. .........' 219
bearers. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 398 Pos', Jordan. . . . . . . . .. .............. 14
Meikle, Miss.. .... .. .., . ., .. ...... ... 205 Postoffices, Toronto. Masters and Box-
Mercer, Andrew. . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . .46. 433 holders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 155. 157. 167
1'Jercer, Will Case.. ... ........... .48. 433 Post-age ra.te 1842.................... 160
Medcalf, Chas. Sir................... 377 Potters' Field. . , . . . . . .. .......... .. 253
Meudell, F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . ., 257 Powell, Grant. . . . .. .. .. ......... '. 188
Military Cemeteries. Tho'Je Interred Powell, W. D........... .. ....... . .55. 323
There..,...,...................... 66 1 Powell Grave yard.,..., ....,. ,193
Miles. Abner...............,........ 445 Proudfoot, Alex...... ............... 463
Milligan, G. \Y. Rev ................ 280 Proudfoot's store. . ..... .. . . .. . . . ..... 25
Molson sHank. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 1 Proudfoot, \\ïlham... , . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 180
Montgomery,John... .., .. .... .. ..219. 232 Public Chastisement, A.. , . ..... '. .. .. 62
Monro.Geo......................299.364 Pupils of Hart'd SchooL............. 247
Monro. John................, ...... 364 . Q.
1\1 oody. Colonel.... . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . ., 227 Queen's Coronation, Ox Roasted \Vhole 183
Morris. \rm.....................,... 278 Queen's \Vharf,Owners and Lessees of 495,498
Morrison, John...... . . .. ......,.... ;i66 R.
Mudge, Z...............,... 17 Raddish, Thomas...... .......,..... 393
Murray, Alex....... . .. ........... 182 Read, D. B.......................... 304
Mysterious Murder. . . . . . . .. ,....... 50 Rebellion of 1837. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 232
Me. Rebellion, Eve of. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 55
McBeth, Geo........................ 251 Rebellion, Incident of...... .... .. . . " 42
McCutchQon, Peter........, ..... .. 180 Rebellion Tl'l1es. N ominll.tionø for Office
McD
rmott, Jas.... ...... ..'......., llO Burlesqued.. .................... 52
l\] cDonald, Donald.,..,.. .. . . . . .. . 271 Red Ri ver Insurrection. . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 56
McGill, John, Captain.. .. .. ... 44,22.1 Red River Immrrection. '1.'rial of Con.
McIntosh Brothers.. ............. 10, llil , spira tors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 56, 324
McIntosh, John.. . ' .. . . . .. .. ....... 10 Richie, John.. ...........'......,... 325
McKenzie, Jas...... , ,.... ........... 243 Ridout, Geo.. . , .... .... .... ....... " 40
McLea.n Family.. . ,. . . . , . . . . . . .. .. . .. 267 Ridout. Gen. Percival, . . .. . . .... ., " 559
1icLean, Judge........,. .... ... .... 265 RirtoU1i, John, Death of.......... .. ... 129
Mc
]aster, W. M., Captain........... 243 Ridout, Thos. Gibbs............. 189,281
McNab Allan.,......,.......... 233, 433 Ridout, Percival. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 211, 366
'N. I Rintoul, Rev. \\-..................... 27ts
Newbigging, Jas.. ., . .. .... .. .... .... 299 Roa.f, Rev..... ......... ..... ........ 529
Newburn, Thos.. .. .... ...... . ... .... 462 1 Robertson, J. ROBS, and U. C. College.. 153
Nolan Murder .....,................ 480 KobinsoD, Sir John Bnerley..
Nominations for Office in Rebellion H, 13,356, 377. 533
Times Burlesqued ........... . . .. 52 Robineon, Hon. John Bnerley..... . .. 535

GENERAL INDEX.

xv

PAGE
Robinson, Peter, . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . .. 207 Smith, William. . . . . . . . ... ........ .
R 1 h Dr 171 Scott Jonathan . . . . . . .. .............
R
s
,Johl
:::::::':.'.',:::::::::.::::: 213 Scott. Tbos. C.......................
Rosedale House-Celebrated Ball.. 559" Spoon Bill" of 1816..... ,.....'...,.
Rowan, \Ym............,......, , . . ., 557 ðtone, J.... .......... ....... ,
Russ311, Peter. . . . . . .. .,........ .120, 388 Stoufer, Abram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .
Russell. Peter, Death of....., . . 123 St.oyell, Thomas., Dr. . . . . , .
Ryerson, Egerton, Rev.............., 3lJ2 Smuggline', Extraordinary.... . . . . . . . .
Stuart, Geo. D.. Killed..., . , . . . . . . . . .
S. " Sugar John ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , , .
Savage, Ueo. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .' ...... 336 T.
Scadding's Bridge. . . . . . . ... . . . .. 194 Talbot, Thos., Colonel. . . . , . . . . . 24f1
Scadding, H.. Rev.... ,..83 1:{4. 19;;, 388 1 Taylor, C. C..................... .. ., 163
Scadding, John.............. ...1:{4, 199 '.reIfer, Walter....................... 437
Shank, Coionel. . . . .. ....... 542 Tenants of " Red Lion." Y orkville. .. . . 94

haw, General.. . ... .. . 541
Terry, Parshall....... ........ ..... 427
Shaw, Sophia, l'hss...,....,..,...... 542\ Tiel'''. Daniel. . , . . . . . .' . . . . . .. . . . . .. 88, 95
Slavery in Canada.. ........ ......... 129 Tinning. Rich.. .. . , .. ......... ..., ." 183
Small BrothelS, The.. ........ .,.. .
8 1 Tinning's \Yharf....".. ... ,.. ..... 185
Small, Chas. . ., , . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . .. 9, Theatre, City. . . . . . . . , . . . ., .....,... 323
Small, John.,..... .....,.... .95.290, 536 \ 'Thoma!:. '\illiam......... .... ...... 219
Small, J olm E. . . . . . .. ..' .,........ 556 Thomson, E. W,...... ...........94, 238
Spragge, J. G.... ., .. ... ., " . . . . .... 380 Thomson, James. . .. .. , . .. " ... " .... 380
Stanton, Robt... ..... ..........236, 459 Thomson, John.... .. .. ........ ....... 438

trachan, James.,...............,. . 179 Thomson. Poulett Diary of............ 13
Strachan, John, Bishop.28, 30,297,501, 510 Toronto AClLdemy,Mastel's and Pupils of 295
Strachan, J. McGill..,.......,....... 226 Toronto Assessment Rolls. . .367, 401, 426
Scarboro and Etobicoke. Inhabitants of 310 Toronto Churches in 1836.... .. .. ., .. 304
St. Andrew's Church. Adherents of.... 2ï9 Toronto First Brewery and its occu-
St. Andrew's Church, Trustees of. . , . .. 278 pants. . . . . . . . . . . . " .,...... ...... 495
St. George, Quetton. . . . . . ... .. . . . . .19, 289 Toronto First Municipal Election, . . . .. 511
.st. James' Church, COllgrel!atIons of Toronto Fort and ita History.... .,68. 80
1803-90...... .......... .. .. .... 501,510 Toronto First Cab...... ........ ...... 142
St. .James' Church,History of, . . . ,. 501-510 Toronto General hospital, old nnd pres-
St. Lawrence Market........... ...... 64 ent buildings.... .................. 540
St. Patric
's Ma.rket. Tenants of ...... 94 Toronto P. 0., Masters and Box.
St. Paul's Church, Rectors of. . . . . . . . .. 500 holders. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .155, 157, 167
Selkirk, Earl of .............,....... 57\'roronto Theatres, Managers and

evern, JO,hn. , . . . . .. .. . .. ...... 211, 215 I Actors.,' . .:. ......:....... ....478, 490
Seymour, Mrs........"......,.. ....193 Toronto::;eml-CentenDJal.... ... ...387
Sheaffe, General... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... 286 I I Toronto in 1843. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 529
Sheppard, Thos,.. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ., 229 Toronto in 1846. . . . . . ., '" ..... ... 329
Shepard, Joseph.. .... .. .... ., " ..... 219 Townsend Gang.. . ... ., ..'.......... 23
Sherwood, Henry.. ,..... ., .... 173, 297 Town of York Officers of 1799.. ...... 397
Sherwood, Samuel. . . . . , . . .. . _ . , . . . . ., 185 Troops in Toronto During Century.... 80
Sleigh, John.. ...................... 180 Tully, Ki.vas.......... .............. 257
Skinner, Colin.............. ..,..... 427 Turney, Stephen.. ., .... ..... ...... 188
.Skmner, Isaiah. . . . .' .........' . . . . " 427 U.
"Spe
dy," Wreck of.... .. .. ......... 319 Upper Canada College, First
hsters of 148
Steamers on Lake Ontario in 1829-1888. 26,27 ! University of Toronto, Inauguration of 34
Stegman, John.. .......... ....... ., " 286 I University of Toronto, Destruction of.. 36
Steward, Wm........... ....... .. '. .. 255 \Y.
Stewart, Chas. ,J.. .. ........ . . . .. 40, 207 \Valmsley, Thos. . . . . , .. .,........... 239
,Street Nomenclature. . . . '" ...... 515-528 \\ ar of 1812. .. ... .... .............. 286
Silverthorne, Aaron J... .. .. . . .. . . .... 219 War of 1812, Orders Issued Durmg. 544,553
Silverton, J. ...... ..... .', . . . . " 2HJ \Valtoll, Geo .................,.. . . " 363
Simcoe. J. G"Governor.. 2,44 65,225,388 \Valton, Geo. Dh'ectory for 1833 ...... 379
Simcoe's First Visit to york.......... 94 \Valton, Mathew......... .,........455
S
mco
,
. R.,. Captain. . . . . . . . . . . , , .. 395 1 W ash?urn,
imon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 454
Smclalr Captam. . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . , . . . . . .. 271 Weddmg, Smgular ...........,...... 50
Smith D. W............. . . . . , . . . . . " 286 Weekes' Duel. ........ ............. 318
Smith, James E.. ., ..............,.. 257 Weakes \V m. . .. :................... 177

PAGE
132
42
257
59
3:{5
219
397
253
245
444

x\'i

GENERAL INDEX

PAGE PAGE
'Yreekof the Albion, Loss of Miss Powell 58 Yonge street \Vharf, original stock-
Weiler, William...................... 3RI holders of....... .................182
Wells. ColoneL... .... .............. 28 York. Inhabitants ofl805......... .... 312
\Yidmer, Christopher. . . . . . . . . . .. .... 199 York, Pioneer's Rf;collections of. . . . . .. 26
Willis, :Mary, Lady....... ........ ... 3
4 York. Siege oÏ....... .... .. ........... 223
Wintersteen, Ja.cob. . '... .. .,.... ... 219 York and Toronto Land Gra.nts.. . .337. 350
Whittemore, F................. .... 81.8:
1 York TownOfficialt'.1799............. 397
\Vhittemore. F. E.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 York. Marriage Licenses in 1806. . . . . .. 256
'Vright, Ewd, one of Toronto's first York, l\Iilitia Officers of 1847. _ . . , . . ., 283
Aldermen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 York. Weslevsn Preachers in 1833. .. " 289
Wood. Alex. '....................... 177 1 í orkviìle.. .
.. . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . .. 213
"'ood's
Yarehouse.Goods Sold There.. 25 Z,
Y. Zimmerman, Samuel. Death of. . . . . . . . . 50
Y eo. James. Sir..................,.. 436

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LANDMARKS

OF

TORONTO.

Sketches of Old Houses and Places of Interest from 1792-1890.

CHAPTER I.
TWO FAMOUS HOUSES.

I THE EXACT DATE OF ITS BUILDING
is probably lost fon
ver RoLert C. Givins.
of Chicago. grandson of Col. Givins. thinkl
The 4
lvin. Ro..e"tt>ad-"'ho B"iU Them that the locust trees in front of the hoWM
and the Probable Date-Interestln:: His. were planted about 1790. and he would fì:J
terical Remlni
cenC(,8, nearly the same time for the erection of the
On Queen street west, where the wall of building. but it is extremely doubttul if Cot
t:1e Asylum grounds stretches out on either i Givins visited Toronto at so early a period.
11 \lid in seemingly int
rminable lines of I John Charles Dent puts the date at 179'i
yellow brick. a street, not very long and I or 1798. Still, in view of the fact *hal
Dot very wide. runs to the northward. }Ill Co!. Givins bought the land fro",
inscription
n white letters. sta dill
out Colonel Joseph Bouchette, a French-
from a little black board on the corner Canadian. devoted to the English cause,
blacksmith shop announces that it is Givens in 1802, as the records 111 the cit;,
Itreet. On either side are rows of smart. registrar's office show. it would seem un.
modern houses. with the reddest of bricks. likely that the house was built before that
the greenest of window blinds, and the year. There were twenty-eight of these
brightest of stained glass transoms. In the lots. of which Col. Givins obtained one i
partially paved roadway chickens and spar- they were known as the park lots, and con.
rows dispute the possession of whatever bird sisted of one hundred acres each. The &C-
edibles may be found. I companying illustration gITes a front view
Here stß.nd
in this year of grac', 1888, at I of the house as it now appears. Entering
tile top of the atreet just named, the oldest I the front door the visitor steps into a hall
house in the ci'y, known as the" Givins from which all the rooms open. In the
Homestead. tJ It is interestin
both from its apartment to the If'ft is Col. Vivins' desk,
Bf{e and the history of its successive occu- I and numerous pieces of oM furniture. '\Yh&t
pautlll. ComiBg near one is s'ruck with the formerly was the dining room is now tranø-
.... of tranquillity about the old place, Not formed into the drawing room, and it u
.. sign of me is manifested saTe the ceaseless I I here that much of intere t is to be found.
twitter of lnrds; the "ind goes moaning Perhaps a description of the artist's sketch
amonSl the ahrubs; the pines, black with I will convey the clearest idea of the apart'
a-ge, bury the dwelling in shadows, and I ment. its occupants and decorations. On
gaunt acacias, with bare limb6, stand like the floor is a carpet put down many yean
lonely motionles.3 sentinels before the door. I ago. but still 1n an excellent staM of pre-

brigh t newness of the surrounding ! aervation. Beneath it blood stains, plainly
modern houses, the well-kept lawns, and visible in the wood, are the result of Indian
the many colored flower beás seem to I battles and of the war of 1812. when the
lout the weather-stained walls and grave wounded came to Mrs, Givins to uk
tOl'est kees. the exercise of her surgica.l skill. i'he
A crescent 8Àaped pathway leads to the big fireplace, where big logs for-
Front door, with on either aide a. giant locust merly blazed, has been modernized.
kee. eacÌl pl&llt
d by Colonel James Givins, IN AN EASY CHAIR AT THE LEFT

he builder of the house, !iOme time before of it with her favorite cat and dog near by,
its erection, probably between 1793 and the Slts Miss Cecil Givins, a daughter of Cot
cloae of tile cent\1.ry. Beda of 1iJ.ies of the GiviDtl, a. life-long resident of the old home-
valley IIÐd myrÙe pltwu. beloved by oar stead. and a lady now in her ei
hty-seveDth.
grandmothers, flðllk the path. Noticeable yea.r. Miss GivÌÐs was long a great belle
is the sube\antial manDer in which the in Government and milita.rv circles, both.
bouse was b1i.ilt. 1'h. masonry of the foun- here and in the olde>: aettÏementø. Now'
daâon iß in pocfect pl'8senation; it is said al
ough only left by time the memocy oi
tM& the stone for it wa.s brought from Ham- I hE"r social triumphs, her fa('e and manner
ilton. 8uch has been the care taken W' th still preMl'V0 the grace and beauty of youth
,he bnilding that it is swll a comfortable to a remarkable degree. Many are tit.
reaidence. reminiscences that !be loves to linl!er over,

2

LAN D
ARKS OF TORONTO.

Major-General Sir ùa.ac Brock and Chief American artiIlery. Such 18 the hi.torical
Joseph BnDt han daoeed her on their interest attached to 'he old I"'ord. Many
knees when she w&s not yet in hel teens. other curious articles are scaUiered abou.t
B&STLVG ON AN OTTOMAN this apa.rtment, including some fine .peci.
oa.e .ee. in the illustration the sword of mens of ivory carvin2 lent borne from
he
Colonel Givins, which h. wore on April east by Dr. George, a table over 200 yean
G;01, 1813. On that day an American fleet old, and a piece of the wood of the Royal
of fourteen veaseIs appeared before York, George, the famous man-of-war.
aÐd etfected a la.nding about iwo miles west" A few words must be said now about the
f
om Church street. Colonel Giv.ins placed I bu.Hd.lu'
f the house specially. On Novelll-
hllllMlf a.t Ute head of a force of Sixty Glen- ber 11th, 1791, Lieutenant Genera.l John
ga.uy J'encible
rond
few Indians, and Graves Simcoe, first Governor of Upper
made a. detarIIl1Ded reS18tance to the land- Ca.nada, arn ved at Quebeo in the Tritoll,

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mil of the Ame!'ican v&n, under Major I a.fter a blustering voy&ge. For eeveral
Forsyth. The Americans succeeded, how- years previous to tbi. J&mf's Givins, a YOI1D,
ever, I),nd very soon reinforced by the man of average .ta'ure, with a pleasa.nt
m&În body under Genera.l Pike. Reinforce- round face, a military bearing and.. fiery
menta immediately afterward came up to temper, had been enga
ed in ,be nOIth-w..t.
Cot Givins' &id in t
shape of two com- Obtaining a commisaion of 1ieu
aant in the
panies of ,he 8th Regiment, 200 militia, and a.rmy, he il!l found ai Niaga.ra in the d&rk
50 reguJar. of & Newfoundland regiment, green undress of the Queen's Rangers, a.cting
The inva.ding force prayed too strong, how- &8 aide-de-camp to Governor Simcoe. Not
eyer, for the eallant colonel and his small liking Niagara., or Newark, al!l ili was 'hea
force, and thèy were driven easiward by the called. for hia seat of Governmen'. the Gov-

LAND)lARKS OF TOROK TO,

3

ernot', sta.rting out 011 a cruise of discovery,
passp.d the mouth of the Humber on the
morning of May 4\.11, 1793, a.nd eutend the
bay of Toronto,accompanied,amongothers by
Lieu
en&nt Givins, who had also journeyed
with him a few months before on a trip
from .Niagara to Detroit. In 1802 Colonel
Givins bought a park lot, on which he built
tìtt' GiviDß Homest.ead. He" as a pew-
holder in St. JamN' feom the firsS.
Colonel Gi vms' name was connect8d in
1828 with a.n inciden
that made a good deal
of stir as the time. A committee of the
House of Assembly, desiring to have his
evidence and that of Colonel Coffin, Adju.
tant-General of Militia, in relation to a
lIespa1!18 by one Forsyth on GovernmenS
pl'operty at ]I.j iagara FaUs, commanded their
))l"esence at a certain day and hour. On
referring to iir Pere
rine Maitiand, Lleut-
ant-G
ernor at the time, and also com-
mander-in-cbief of the forces, permission
to obey
e mandate of the House
1RS refused. Colonels Givins a.nd Coffin
were arrested by the sergeant-at- arms,
who made forcible entrance into iheir
1l0W3eS. They were confined in gaol
ultât the close of lihe session. They appeal-
.d, but BÐ redress was to be had. Sir Pere-
grine Maitland w&s removed the nex\ year,
Mond Sir George Murray, Colonial Secretary,
8M'erely censured him for his a.ction in the
..... Colonels Givins a.nd Coffin brought
actions againss the
peaker of the House,
but
ey were not s&cceasful in their suits.
Colonel Givins kept up an a.ctive interest in
Canadian affairs until his death. He is
Ðurjed in St. Jamell' cemeterT_ Unfor-
t1D1Meoly there is no portrait in existence of
titis man, who exerted ao great &D intereM
upon the birth and youth of Toronto. The
bouae
h.t he built wiU SoOIl. be torn down,
but his memory will always be ch8rished
by tboïÞe who would honor the early pioneer.
N O'l'E-This house was pulled down in
iu 1891.

Frau.k wbich lite Fouader ef' TerOD.le
8atIt fH a Sa.mer and Winler Re.or'
B....a" his Beslcleace .ere.

kton in one of his clever sketches
bw:norously tells of a man who started
oat alone to 8stablish
e nucleUB of a
city in an uninhabited land. Ludicro.øly
a.
rd ÏIi the picture Òl'awn of him dig-
ging away on the
reat lonely plain, a.ad
yet bow similar is the circumstance to
which ToroWio owea ita
iøt.ence. The new
Goftrnor of a Dew-created province

eruising about in a stt'ang'e country
i.-IØbited only by savages, and coming to
a. reaion of thidt-ea, marshes and nnomoUil

copperheads, draws his sword and excla.ilU8 :
.. Here will be built a great city in the
spring !" And
ly enough a log honse
sprang up in the wilderness, and a.bout the
log house a hamles IWd out; of the hamlet
a great and prosperoas city. Here, then.
on July 26, 1793, on Ule schooner MiasÏB
ga
came John Graves Simc'1e. Lieut. -General in
the British a-rmy. and first Governor oj
Upper Canada. a.ccompanied by his Execu-
tive Council, his Queen's Ran
e1"l3 in their
dark gr86ll suite, hia faithful aides, hia
surveyor and his canvas tent. which once
belon"ed to Captain Cook, the famous cir-
cumna.vigator. With a royal salute of 21
guns ihe Governor inaugurated his a.dminis,
tration whh a Council in the tent on Hatur-
day, August 3. Meanwhile Surveyor
Augustus Jona, who WM walking about
to look M the new town, remarked
that nothing WM to be seen of it ex-
cep. the site. Colonel. Talbot ob..rved
that $he party had
one city hunS-
ing &nd would layout a magnificent city.
Returning $0 Niagara on the dissolution of
his Parliament. September 3, the Governor
and bis family went b6ck to spend the
winter at the new town oÏ York, named
after the Duke of York, HCond son of King
George III. Hul;s were built for the ac-
commodation of $he camp, the Governor a.nd
his family p'ssing the øeason in th8 canvas
knt.
THE DWELLING OF THE GOVERNOR
at NIagara was a 8IJHIo1l, miserable wooden
houlle, Naturally he wanted a habita tion of
some kind at hi.s new capit.al During the
spring of 1794 the Govecnor builli Castle
Frank, in the midst of the woods on t;he
brow of a st;eep high bank overlooking the
valley of the Don.
a poin
just a few
yards beyond the fence which now bounds
St. James' ceDMIwy at the north. A lar'te
portion of tbe land formerly belonging to
C.stle Frank ia now part of the burying
ground Immediately below the house, on
tbe south, was a deep glen, down wbich,
beliween hog-back formations. ran a str
am
named Castle Prank Brook, which flowed
into the Don. just above a small island OR
the weaS side. The marshes gave way on
the right at this point to good land covered
with elm, butternut and ba.88wood treM.
The IIi" of the buildiD
is half an hour's
easy walk from town, and up to a dozen
yearø ago its location might have been
clea.rly reooinized by a hollow in
he
Mud. The ground on each side of it;
descended pt'ecipitonsly on the one hani
to the Don. and on the 0 I er to lite
bottom of c.,.stle Frank Brook ravme.
The position was elevated, bnt the v
w
was hemmed in by the treeø that covered

4:

LAND:\IARKS OF TORONTO.

a.like the .level 13:nd and the hill sides, I windows with shutters of heavy double
The spot IS beautIf':ll by na,ture.. Around planks run
ing up and down on one side,
Castle !ran
were tall, white .plDes,. and I and croSSWise on the other, and thickly
the hill sides about are still thickly studded with the headf! of stout nails.
wooded, To the eaBt and west there were Of a similar construction was the door.
views-the forests cutting off the lands- A chimney arose from the middle of the
cape in the other directions. To th
I roof. The walls were built of rather sma.ll
east the view was down up:m the vaHey carefully hewn logs, of short lengths:
of th.e Don, and to the west over the ravine clap-boarded. They presented a campara-
now lD the cemetery. tively finished appearance on the outside,
CASTLE FRANK WAS A CHATEAU, I but after a time took the weather-
or cot
age or summer house. It was not stained colour that unpainted wood
o
cuple? penn'\!lently by the governor and assumes. Inside. the finish was rough, in
his famIly, but It was doubtbss the scene fact the interior was never fully com.
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OÅ
TLE FRA::-<'K.
of nearly all tbe Bocial life in the little I pleted. A slight attempt at R division
lIettI
ment during Governor Simcoe's &d- into rooms had been made but never fully
ministration. The buIlding was oblong, carried out. Entering the front door th.
of the dimensions ûf thirty by fifty feet- visitor found himself at once in an apart-
tbe formt:.r bei
the frontage, which was I !llent extending the
dth of the build-
toward the sòuth. The facade was much lDg and about half Ita length. On one
]ike that of a Greek temple, At the side was a big fire-place. At the real of
J{able end. in the direction of the rOad- j this was another room of similar dimen-
way leadin
from the infant capita.l, wa
sio!l!l with a fire-pl?,ce in tbe opposite, w
ll.
.. door but no windows. The trunks
l'hls cleared space III front of the bUlldlD

of four large, well-ma.tched, un,barked I was but a few yards a.cross, and from it
pine trees answered for columns sup to the site of the town ran a narrow <:ar-
portinQ: the pediment or the projection riage-way and bridle-path, cut out by the
01 the whole roof. On each side were four soldiers and carefully graded, tl'&ces of

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

5

which may still be founå. In what spirit
of humorous contempt for their surround-
ings was it that these city founde! s,
a.ccustomed to the conveniences of large
towns, designated their log houses, in the
midst oi a wi;del ness filled wirh sa.vages,
beasts a" d snake..., by such appellations as
Castle Frank, Lambeth Palace, Pine Grove
and Oa.k Hiil !
CASTLE FRANK RECEIVED
its title from the five-year old son of Gov-
ernor Simcoe, although the Rev. Dr. Henry
Scadding, from whom nearly all the infor-
mation here given in regard to it was ob-
tained, points out that there was a
"
a.stel-franc" ne
r Rochelle, which
figures in the history of the Huguenots.
The Iroquois had given to the governor the
title "De yonyn hokrawen," si!znif:} ing
.. One whose door is always open," and on
theyoungmasterof the castle, who appears to
have been a grea.t favourite with them,
as he sometimes was attired in Indian
costume, they conferred the honour of
chieftainship, and named him Deyoken,
which means "Between the two objects. "
" A warrior's fate befell the young chief-
tain, After the lapse of l'Ieventeen yeêlr:>
he was a ma.n
led corpse in that ghßStly
pi
e of English dead which closed up
the breach at Badajoz in 1812." In s{>ite
of the unavoidable ùiscomforts of life at
Castle Frank a.nd at York, many were the
compensating pleasures, especially for tne
soldier pioneers who formed almo'Jt the
entire male popula.tion. Governor Simcoe's
mind was absorbed with schemes of govern-
ment and war. Th08e who had sport-
ing proclivities miQ;ht gratify them to the
full in the forest where bear, deer and
wolves, and all sort<; of small game abound-
ed. \V ooncock and snipe made the low-
lands their home. Salmon were speared
by night in the Don, and the bay and lake
were filled with fish of all kinds. Until
Governor Simcoe's departure, in 1796,
CastlE: Frank's rough roof covered matlY
a gay party, brought up by boat or on
horseback. Among them the governor,
moving about with military mien by the
side of his lovely, charming and accom-
plished wife, whose maiden name lives
in "Gwi lim"-bury, where Benedict Ar-
nold rCJeived a grant of 5,000 acres of
land. HI-'r father was one of the aides of
General W oUe, and was killed at the takin

of Quebec. She :iTed until 1850. Fl'ancis
and his young sister were by their parents'
side, and in their train Secretary Major
Littlehales, Aides-lieut:mant Talbot and
Givins, Surveyor Jones, and what
uests,
male and female, the gubernatorial party
might have. Chief Joseph Brant, no doubt,

Butler, his associate

SIR JOHN GRAVES SIMCOB.
1796, in which he says: Ie I hope the
ladies may be able to enjoy the charm-
ing carioling (sleighing) which you must
have on your bay and up the Don to Castle
Frank, when an l'arly dinner n:ust be pic-
turesque and delightful." Captain John
Deni."n, an officer in the En
li8h militia.
ca.me '0 CanadR. from Hedon, York-
shire, in 1792. a.nd a first settled at
Kingston, but in 1796 he moved to York,
and for a time lived at Castle Frank
by pcrmi
sion of tbe Hon. Peter Rus-
sell. He bought a park lot which des-
cended to his heir, Colonel George Tay-
lor Denison, from whom Deni
on a\"enue
is named. About 1806 Castle Frank
closed, and tenantless, began to show
si
ns of decay, and in 1829, fired by
some s:J.lmon fishers of the Don, the
house built 1.y the founder of Toronto
went up in smoke, leaving not a vestige
but a quantity of iron from the nails
which thickly studded the doors and win-
dow ::.hutters.

6

LANDMARK S OF TORONTO.
CHAPTER II.

MACKENZIE'S YORK ST. HOME.

Tbe DOIl8<<' \
here WJlllam Lyon ltlarkenzle
Edit.-d .. The (;on
fjtuUon" and (row

hicb be Fled at tbe Rebellion.
On the west side of York street, what is
now 184, half way between Queen anù
Richmond, separated from the pavement by
a. few feet of yard and a low fence, and partly
shade.! by a. couple of not over-healthy
looking trees, stands a modest two-storey red
bl'ick house. During the stormiellt period
of a peculiarly stormy career that irre-
pressible patriot William Lyon Mackenzie,
made this dwelling his home and workshop.
Here were his papers, pen and ink; here he
thought out and wrote ùown those burning
words that set a.ll Canada aflame; here he
planned U1at ill-a.dvised and ill-fated rebel-
lion, and here he left his family when he
fle.i with a price set on his head. Without
entering into a discussion of the question-
which belongs to the dom

in of the philo-
sophic historian and not the simple topo-
grapher-what results haveevolvedfrom the
iufluence exerteJ,by the great editor with
the little body and mass:ve head, it may be
remarked that a gr .'at part in Canadian
affair,,; has bl;!cn p' ayed in this uLpretentioU!!
dwelling. Het"e then early, in 1836,
Mr. Mackenzie came with his
family and effects, ranting the house, a com.
paratively new one, havillg been occupied
previously but a líttle'"time by its owner-
from Dr. Horne. At that time it was the
only building on the square, at each 'Corner
of which stood a poplar tree, and there
were but two or three others on the whole
street. The front, which looks now as then,
is well shown in the artist's illustration. It
was on the 4th of July, 1836, a significant
date, as Charles Lindsey, Mr. Mackenzie's
biographer, observe&, that the first number
of The Constituticm was published. Already
French Canadians had held insurgent meet.
ings.
SEVERAL THOUSAND MEN
had armed themselves to fight if necessary
aga.inst what they claimed to be the coercive
measures of, the Imperial Government, and
events seemed hurrying on with resistlesR
tread. A little rear room behind the dining-
room, enterE.d by steps leading up from the
back yard, had been converted mto an office
and sanctum. In this apartment the fear-
le8s editor prepared those inflammatory
articles, one of which appeared in the issue
of the pap"r on July 5, 1
37, when he asks,
"'Vill Canadians declare their independ-
ence and shoulder their muskets !" and sup-
plements the question by an affirmative
appeal. This is followed, ill the Oonstitut,:on

úf Au
u&t 2nd, by the publica.tlon of a vir-
tual declaration of independence. Then
meetings or the insurrectionists are held
200 in all it is said, some attended with con:
flicts of the opposing factions. The events
of the succeeding months belong to the his-
tory of the rebellion. A t length the open
outbreak so long expec E'd occurs. The in-
tr
pid editor has t
us far been a conqueror
wIth the pen; he 1S now about to es;;;ay his
.tyle with tile sword.
There are yet living many in Toronto who
remember that December morning in 1837 ;
!,Iond there are also, though it is nearly half a

entury s
nce, not a few still hale and hearty
III our mid lilt, who took up arms to aill in
restoring peace. Of these
he Honorable
George \Y. Allan, of Moss Park, Mayor of
the city 110 far back a8 1855, is one. He, with
pa.rdonable pride, displays in his museum
t:le cross-belt, cartridge box and bayonet he,
as, one of the Bank Guard, was equipped
with on that occasion. '[he la e F. A. Whit-
ney, whose son afterwards commanded the
Uninrsity Company of Rifles at Ridgewa.y,
was one of Mr. Allan's colleagues, Mr.
Allan, at the time a pupil at Upper Canada
College, felt it no sUlall trouble to his youthful
self-importance that he should have to return
to school as soon as tìle Cbristma.s holiday!
'Were OTero T e Venerab'e Alexander Dixon,
rector of Guelph, 8:J.d archdeacon in the dio-
cese of Niagara, W8.S another of these youthful
warriors. Mr. Clarke Gamble was yet
anotber, and he narro-wrly escaped with bis
life at the skirmisn which subsequently
took place at Montgomery's.
Some one has said that the resul t of every
ba tie hinges on a mistake; there cer.
tainly was . m.scalculation in the plans
of the insurgents. Captain Anderson and
Colonel Moodie are shot on :he evening of
Monday, Dccember 3rd, and then in' hot
haste chase one another the fighting of
Tuesday night, the panic of Wednesday,
Thursday's defeat of the insur
ents, and the
flight of Mr. Ma.ckenzie with a reward of
f:I,ooo offered for his capture.
AJl'TER MUCH WANDERING,
many narrow escapes and considerable hard.
ship, the patriot leader reaches Amer-
ican Boil. Meanwhile the distressed
ladies and children of Mr. Macken-
zie's family experience wretched days
and nights of n(.ubt and misgiving,
first trembling for the fate of husband,
father, son, secondly fearing for the safety
to the important letters and documents per-
taining to the rebellion that were in the
house, thirdly in a state of continual appre-
hension by reason of the oft-repe'lted visits
of the authorities. As soon as the n' ws of
an actual outbreak reached the Government

LA
DMARKS OF TORO
TO.

7

---
___
-....A-

MACKE
ZIE'S YORK STREET HOME.

officials the York street house was put I wood box stoves and burned every letter
under the str:';Lest
urveillance. A guard aud document in the house. Scraps of
was stationeà at the door and patrols pacEd charr
d paper were sailing upwards from
up and do\vn before it. Every ten or fifteen the chimm'ys as the people came pouring
minutes soldiers walk in and make the most out from their places of worship; soldiers
thorough s_arch from cellar to g lrret, returning to reSume search saw them and
they look under the beds, thrust rushed in, but they were too late; every-
their swords through them, peer and pry in thin; had been destroyed. It frequently
every nook a.nd cranny of the building; nor happened th It prisoners arrested after the
is this a.ttention intermItted by night. At- rebellion wa.s quelled were m3.rched by the
thou
h the only inmates now are women and house, bound two by two with stout ropes,
children half a dozen civilians are domiciled and they invariably liíted their hats as they
in the dining-room a.t evening to watch there passed. The fami!y remained in the house
until morning. Ostensibly they are sent about a fortnight after the events narra.ted,
for the protection of the occupa.nts who, Mrs. Mackenzie joining her husband Dec.
however, decline to rec
ive them in that 29th, a.t Navy Island.
guise and deno unce them as spies. Protest
is vam unti Mrs. Mackenzie's grandmother,
an old lady of 88 years appeals to their
manly Ulstincts asking if they are not
ashamed to force themselves into the
residence of defenceless women, Bond
at this they go away. Some of !ihese
men still live in Toronto. Mr. Mac-
kenzie's papers hung in files from the ceilin

in his bedroom at the south side of the
house and in his office at the rear. Singu-
larly enough, although the plumes of the of-
ficers at times touched them they werc never
noticed, and the only ones sf'ized were a
few found hidden within the curtains of an
old-fashioned bed. Immunity from the
frequent visits of the soldiery was al-
lowed to the inmates for the first time
during church service on the Sunday morn-
ing following the outbreak. Seizing the op-
portunity the ladies kindled fires in four

CHAPTER ilL
HISTORY OF HOLLAND HOUSE.

A. C...t'brated Toronto Mnn!l;ion Namf'd a<<er
the Famous House in Kensington wbere
t:ltarle!i Jnme'l Fo'll[ Lived.
This IS Holland iJ oUliJe. Not the Holland
House whose foundations were laid in
Kensington parish. London, in 1607, by Sir
\Va.iter Cop', who styled it Cope Ca.stle.
and. which p:lssing from him rtt death to his
dau!!hter and heiress, Isabel, the wife of
Sir Henry Rich, afterward crea.ted first
Earl of Ho;land in 1624, was subsequently
known as Holland House and made famous
thrC"ughout the world by the
oodly co"!-
pany of men and women that frequented It
from the times of Charles J ames Fox, who
lived part of his life there to that
of MOI!.cktùn ::\1ilnes, including eyery

8

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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HOLLAND HOUSE--FRONT YIEW'.
person of note who lived in or visited Eng- and a wit. In 1831 the Hon. Henrv John
land, amon
them By lOn, Sir Humphrey Boulton, the son and heir of Judge Boulton,
Davey, Tallyrand and l\1adame de Stael. and the second son of Secretary Jarvis,
From 1799 to 1840 there was scarcely in erected on the location of the paternal re_i-
England a man distinguished in politics, dence the present baronial-like structure,
ilcience and literature, who was not enter- Henry John Boulton ",as born in the
tained there, and perhaps more sparkling fa.mous English house,and he commemorated
bon mots and brilliant repartees have been the fact by naming his Toronto home Hol-
uttered in its dining room than in any apart- land House He was Solicitor-General tor
ment of any house in the world. Upper Canada, and in 1833 was appoi:lted
But itis not of the Holland House of Lon- I Chief Justice of Newfoundland. On his de.
don that this article treats, but of its name- parture the mansion was let successively to
sake, the Hol1a.nd House of Toron
o. A Mr. Truscodd, the first private banker in
little west of Bay street, between ,,yelling- Toronto, and to the Fmslie and Sherwood
ton street on the north and a lane called fa.milies. It was then purchased from the
Piper street on the south, m'dway in a yard Boultons by Alexander ,Manning, who lived
filled with trees and shrubbery, there now there for a time with his family. A daugh-
stands a turreted castle-like building. On ier dying in the house, the place became dis-
the south the view of the grounds a.nd the tasteful to Mrs. Manning, and Holland
lower part of the building is shut out by a House was then taken by the Reform Club,
tall, indented board fence. At ,he north but is now vacant Dr, Sca.dding says:
the yard is enclosed partly by a high brick -" I:. was at Holl nd House that the Earl
wall and partly by an iron railing. Gravel- and Countess of Dufferin kept hi,
h festival
led walks lead up to the entrances. during a brief sojourn in the capital of On-
In each of the two. storeyed win
s tario in 1872. Suggested by pub-
are two large, sqUllore, three pa.nelled win- lic addresses received in infinite va.-
dows. Near the four corners of the roof are riety, within HolllUld Bouse was written
massive, turret-shaped chimney.. The or thought ûut that remarkable cycle of
whole building is stuccoed IUld lined in imi- reicrÏpts and replie!l, exceedingly wide
tation of brown stone. From the north,Hol- in ita SCOp9, but in which each requisite
land House is severely plain. Although no. topic was touched with consummate skiH
resembling the Kensington House, there is a and in su
h a way as to show in each ðirec-
øugs;{estion of it architectural1y in the lower tion genuine human sympa.thy and hearti-
and tlankln2: wings of the Toronto mansion. ness of feelin
, and a sincere desire to cheer
Judge EoultoD was an English gentle- and strengthen the endeavor after tbe good,
man, a lover of horses, a spirited rider. the beautiful and the true. "

LAND
rARKS
OF TORONTO.

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10

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER IV. Mackenzie, Attorney-General West and
Solicitor-General "est. Suddenly the mob
JOHN MciNTOSH'S HOUSE. sent up a shout of "fire" and rushed
to a. point on Y onge street not
T
e

e
:

ii

a

;eo:t
:
::

.:(\c
far from the McIntosh house. The alarm
lorn from Exile. was false, but it served the intended pur-
For nearly thirty years William Lyon pOrle and swelled the ranks of the rioters.
.Mackenzie had been fighting fer a principle, Then the crowd with all the confused babel
experiencing thp bitterest poverty, endur- of a. mob start.. down Yonge street. Turning
ing exile, sufferin
imprisonment, even f:astward on King street it march s padt the
sparring with death; losing all things but old market building, wheels to the right,
hope, fa,th in the right and belief in him- passes by the d:Jors of the police station, and
self. Now after eleven yea.r.:; of outlawry directing its course along Front street, stops
in the U llited States complete amnesty at the residences of the Attorney and Soli-
having been granted to him-the citor Generals W p.st, where it burns the
last one to be pardoned-he returns effigies 0, th
se officials before their win-
to the city of which he was the first mayor dows. Preservin
up to this time
and reaches Toronto in March, 1849. At as much restraint as could pos-
this time there were four houses on the east sibly be expected from a mob, that

ide of
onge street, between what is now is, no destruction of life, limb 01
Queen but was then Lot,and Shuter streets. property, cries (If "Death to Mackenzie I"
The fartfiest north was a rou
h-cast build- " 1.'0 McIntosh's I" break the charm. With
ing and south in order were one frame and flamine barrels of tar luridly lighting the
two red brick dwellings. They were owned darkness this wild wave of humanity surges
by four members of the McIntosh family, up from the foot of Yonge street. Peacp-
named ref'pectively Charles, James, Robert ful citizens run to their homes, bolt doorl
and John. The3e buildings have since been and bar windows. Pushing, squeezing fOl'
remodelled into stores. John ,McIntosh's pla.ce-there are at least two thousand in
house, which is shown in the illustration, the mad mob; they choke Yonge street-
was of red brick and stood a short distance splashing aud stumbling through mud ankle
from the north-east corner of Queen and deep, with ribald songs, frightful chorus
Yonge streets. It is now a dry-goods of curses, the most dreadful shouts and im-
store. Good's fouudry extended in the pl'ecations, flaring torches, shrill yells,
rear of it back to Victoria street, hidwus grimaces, sharp report of fire-
and between it and Mr. McIntosh's arms and above all strident cries
property there was a gateway. A portion for Mackenzie's hfe they press forward.
of Mr. McIntosh's house was occupied at I Poor Mackenzie! What a welcome to get
the time by the Rev. Alexander Stewart, I after all these years in ihe city that as
the father of Mr. McIntosll1'd first wife. In mayor he first governed; but he must have
the red brick house next north to it Robert I become pretty well us ã to almost every-
Mackenzie's family lived until they left thin(! by this time. By midnight the whole
Canada. An orchard extended back of it to crowd had assembled before John Mc-
Victoria street. The houses were probab1y Intosh's house. Yonge street was full.
built about 1822. The land on which they The tar barrel was set on end in
etood was the first ground sold north of the middle of the roadway and two more
Queeu street for building lots. Charles barrels were placed by it. The àischarlle
.:\lclntosh, who lived in the northernmost of fire-arms became general: crips of
house, was the captain of the Cobourg, "Colonel Moodie," were fiercely ejaculat-
one of the first; steamers on the lake. John ed mingled with demands for M:ackenzie's
McIntosh once represented North York in
urrender. Then an attack was made on
the Provincial parliament. He was the the house, bricks, stones and sticks were
father-in-law of William Lyonl\1ackenzie, and hurled at it; every pane of
la
s in the
it was in his house tha.t the exiled patriot windows was broken ; stones welghinf; six
came to "isit on his return to'Toronto in the or seven pounds were sent crashing through,
e ,r:y spring of 1849, and his reception wa.s a carryinJ?; glass and sash along, Whispers
riot. Rumour had flown around during the pas
ed among the leaders that if Mackenzie
afternoon of Thursday, March 22, tha.t there could be got at he would quickly be dis-
would be trouble in the evening. .Lv.lackenzie poscd of. The four policemen at hand
was In town, With the coming of night were impotent. They arrest a law student
dirty, ra
ged, intoxicated men and boys be- but the rioters knock the' c(lnstable
down
gan to assemble until severa.l hundreds I alld rescu,' their comrade. In the front
were g3.thered. They carried tor.:hes anù ranks of the crowd were several aldtnnen.
in their midst were borne aloft effigies of Hervey Pl'ic<" barrister, son of the Commi

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

11

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J'OH
M'INTOSH'S HOUSE.

sioner of Crown Lands, was attacked, I
severely cut about the head, and but for the
interference of one of the policemen would HISTORY OF BEVERLEY HOUSE.
have been killed. The fury of the mob in- I -
creasin
the consta.bles stationed themselves Tlte RelildeDce of Chief Jostlce JOhl1 Beyer.
at the door and prevented it fr\1m breakin
Iy Roblu
on aad Temporary Dome 01
in. While the utmost lawlessness pre- I PonleU Thoml!oll. Lord !!Iydenham.
vailed at the front
the house The accompanying illustration shows a.
some of the rioters made their house at the north-east corner of John and
way to the rear through the gate and I Richmond etreets which nearly all
ma.de a similar attack in that quarter with Torontonians of the present time will
evpry kind of missil
s at hand. Grea.t stones readily recognize, though so altered
were hurltd through th
windows of Mr. from its original condition that it is
Montgomery's house nearly opposite. At 4 1 very doubtïul if a resident of the early
o'clock in the morning the mob left the Mc. part of the century could identify it.
Intosh house and went to the residence of The oldest part of Beverley House: was
Mr. Brown of the Globe,where w"ndowB and built sometime about the war of 1812, by
blinds were smashed. Friday uight another D' Arcy Boulton, eldest son of J udl?e Boul-
crowd gathered at Mr. Mackenzie's stopping ton, brother of Henry John Boulton and
place, but two hundred sp{:cial constabh:s father of William Henry Boulton. At fi.l'st
were on hand re-inforced by ma.ny private it was a small brick cottage, and up to 1820
citisens in an attitude oi detence anfl 60 was the only building on the !!quare bound-
soldiers who had been brought down from thQ ed by John, Simco", Richmond and Queen
barracks. Nothing was done beyond noisy stæets, and stood near the south.west
demonstrations. Saturday night another corner of this enclo:::.ure. D'Arcy Boulton
rabble
athered, but learning that the Mc- lived here untillSlfj, ",hell he moved to .
Intosh house would be protected by a strong large frame dwelling on the west side
force, no attempt was made to molest the of Frederick etreet, just south of
inmates, the crowd cont
nting itself with Kin
street, and oppoeitE' the old post.offic
.
brea.king gas-lamps and windows on BaYland This building is still st,\nding, thouvh
Bond streets and in sections of the city great]y altered and changed in appearance.
where there were no constable>:. After this This Frederick street residence is a yery old
no further display ofyiolence was made against building, and an interesting incident is con.
Mr. Mackenzie, and in 1850 he brought his nected with its history. In 1813 when York
family from
ew York to Toronto and took fell into the hands of tbe United States
up his residence here, where he ('ontinu
d to forces, Pridt>aux Selby, Receiver-General of
live antil his death, Aug. 28, 1861. the Province, was living there, and at the

CHAPTER V.

12

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

time of th
i
vasíon he was on h.is de
'h'bed' i Attorney-General,
fterward Chief Justice
The provIncial moneys were In his keep- John Beverley Robmson, took it. He first
ing, and to save them Irom falling into I added a wing to the westward, then raised
the hands of General Dearborn and Com- the whole buildille, put on a veranda.h,
m
d
re Chaunc
y, Mrs. Selby
lld
rs. built.stables to the north-west, and these 301-
WIlham Allan hit upon a most mgenlous 1 teratlOns and additions changed it from the
plan, The confi
e?-tial clerk of .t
e Receiver-
odest little brick cottage into the dwell-
General was Wilham Roe,famlliarly known mg house as it now appears. Chief Justice
8.8 Bilìy Roe, An order Was procured from Robinson. who was made a baronet aDd
General Sheaffe and the Executive Co,uncil ; I whos

ldest son is. now Sir Lukin R
bin-
Mrs. Selby and Mrs. Allan dnssed Bdy up 8011, hved here untIl his death. Sir J. B.
as an old woman, an old horse and waggon I Robinson wø.s one of the pew-h()Jders in St.
were procured, three b84{s of gold and a James' church from its commenc
ment.
large sum in army bills were pitched During the war of 1812 he wa.s a lieutena.nt
into the wag-gon, and in his of volunteers, and it was the death of At-
guise of old woman Mr. Roe I torney-General Macdonell. who was killed
safel.J' drove out to .the farm of Chief Justice at QUEenston Heights while act
as
RoblDson on the Kmgston road, east of the General Brock's aide-de 'camp, that made

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mEVERLEY HOUSH.

Don bridge, where he buried the treasure. , the vacancy which Mr. Robinson at a.
Afterwards the army bills were given up to unusual y
arly age wasappo
ntedto fill. Sir
the invadf'rs, but th. gold was not found, John Robinson
ave the site. of Ûøgoode
and a:ter the departure of the Americans I Hall, s;x acres, to the La.w Society and the
Mr. Roe returned it to the author:ties in the nam; which the building bears was his s

-
parlour of the Rev. Dr. John Strachan. At gestlOn. Beverley House was temporan y
the same time Mr. Roe took the Receiver ' thE> residence of Poulett Thomson. after-
General's iron treasure chest and hid it in wards Lord Sydenham, while Governor-
the house of Donald McLean. clerk of the Gl'lleral of the Canada.s in 1839-40. It is
House of A!'s
mbly. Mr. McLean wa.s killed " laid that he built the kit
hen ra
ge conuec.
while opposiug the lauding of the Americans; ted with the house and that 1 his was the
his house wa
plundered; the chest was found indirect cause of
etting the Union measure
and broken open and about a. thousand I through the Upp
r Cana
a .Par
amen
.
dolla.rs in silver were taken. From the Poulett Thomson gives an IDSlght Into hUll
Frederick street h(Juse Mr. Houlton moved I manner of life in a letter writte? to a friend
to the Grange. On his giving up the cottage in 1
40, from
o
lt,r
al, but whiCh may be
at the corner of John and Richmond streets, apphed to his hfe 10 Beverley House as

13

LAXD
IA RKS OF TORO
TO.

well. He says :-" Work in my room till 3 . mestic purpose8, as also at the dimensions
o'clock, a ride with my aide-de-camp tIll 5, I of room! and the proximity of the ceilinl{s to
work again till dinner, at dinner till 9, and I the floors we might be led for a moment to
work again until early nen morning. This I imagine that the generation of settlers
IS my daily routine." After establishing pJ.s-ed away, must have been of sma.ller
the union ot Upper and Lower Canada, bulk and stature than their descendants.
Poulett Thomson was r,dsed to the peerage, But points esp"ciaily studied in the con.
with the title of Baron Sydenh;tm ot Syden- sLruction or early Canadian housrs in both
ham in Kent. and Toronto in Canada. He provinces were warmth and comfort in the
died in 1841 in Kingøto!1 through a faU from long winters. Smitary principles were not
his hO
le as he was _pr
pari
to return t.u much thought of and happily did not require
England. His age was 42 years. After Sir to be much thought of when most per:5ons
J. B. Robinson's death his widow, Lady passed mot.p or their time in the pure outer
Robinson, made Beverley Home her home air than th"y do now. Mr. Clarke Gamble
until she died, when it was taken by her says that in 1820 Jordan's, although
son, Christopher Robinson, Q. C., who still still considereJ first-cla.ss, looked antique
lives there. when compa.red with the Mansion Home
which stood a little to the west of it on the
north side of King street, and that it was
rapidly losing its patronage to the newer
hotel, a long, white two-storey wooden
building. The landlord of it was Mr. De
Forest, an American who had lost both his
ears, but wllo concealed the defect by the ar-
rangement of his ha.ir A large and hand-
some model of a full ri::rged ship was
perched for many years on the roof tree of
the :Mansion House. In 1819 A. N. B2thune,
D. D., D. C. L., the successor of Bishop
S
rachan in the See, came from MOlltrea,
as a young man to study divinity under Dr.
Strachan. Of his aITival in York he says:
\Ve crossed the Don over a strong wooden
bridge, and after ha.lf a mile's drive alight-
ed at Mr. D,'Forest's inn, the best in the
place, though Jordan's, nearly opposite,
notwithstanding its low, shabby exterior,
wa.s the more popular one. I then made
my way to the boarding house, where I was
to resiùe on the north side of King street, a
little east of Nelson street, (originally New
street), and although a mean looking habi-
tation. it was pretty çowforta.ble. and the
company, }d,W clerks and clerks in G'JTern.
ment offices, was intelligent anrl agree!l.ble.
At 'the north-west corner of King and
Princes streets the second public pump in
the town was placed in 1824, cost-
ing :t36 178 6d, the first well hav.
ing been dug the s&me year at the Market
Square !md provided with a pump, the
whole costing :t28 Is 3d. One of the first
buildings on King street stood just across
on the north-east corner of King and Prin-
ces street. It was erected by a Mr.
Smith, who was the first man to take
up a building lot after the laying
out of the town. Before Jordan's Hotel
was erected, Paul Marian, a Frenchman,
had built at the re!!.r of the lot a large
dome-shapé:d structure of brick for a bakery,
and in 1804 he advertises to sell brea.d to
the people of the town delivered at their

CHAPTER VI.
JORDAN'S YORK HOTEL.

A. skrtch or one or the b('
t publi
hnuse8 in
Tork Bnd
e...eral obje
t8 01 interest adja-
eent to U.
Dr. Samuel Johnson has said that there
is notning which has yet been contrived by
man by which so much happines3 is produc-
ed as by a good tavern or inn. If this be so
then on the south side of King street be-
tween Princes street to the west80Ild Berke-
ley to the east-but \Vidmers lane now
runs between-3tood a storey and
a half frame building, with dormer
windows along its roof, which
must hii.ve afforded infinite pleasure to the
early inhabitants of York. This was the
celebrated" York Hotel," kept by John
Jordan. At a very early period this was
the first-class hotpl not only of the town
but of all Upper Canada. It was one of the
oldest houses in York and as early as 1820,
it presented a dilapidated appearance. Its
foundations h.<1 given away, .Uowing ttüs
building to sag and appear as if about to
topple over into the street. In the ball-
room of this house before the completion of
the Le
islative Buildings which were to
take the place of those burned by the
Americans in 1813 the Parliament of Upper
Canada sat for one session. Dr. Scadding says
that members of parliament and othervÍõ;Ïtors
considered themselves in luxurious quarters
when housed there. Probably in no instance
h'J,ve the public dinners or fashionable as-

embl;es of a later era gone off with more
eclat or given more satisfaction to the per-
sons concerned in them than did th'Jse
which from time to time in e...erv season
took place in what would now be coñsidered
the very diminutive ball room and. dining
hall of Jordan's, When lookin" in later
tïmes at the doorways and windows of the
older buildin
8 intended for public and do-

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14

I -

.

LAKDMAß.KS OF TORONTO.

1<<5

.

dwdlings for ca.sh at the rate of nine loaves
for 110 dolla'f. At tbe same time Francois
Belcour. anotller Frenchman, is plying the
same trade. He advertises to make his
bread in two, three and four pound loaves,
as may suit the convenience of families; he
offers to return one pound of bread for
every pound of flour sent to him, and also
offers to bake beef for all who may wish it
b,lked. When Jordan's hotel was built
Marian's oven fell into dil!use, but after the
abandonment of the hotel it was repaired
and enlarged and in it was baked much of
the bread supplied to the soldiers in 1838-9.
About the first stone pay. ments laÏll in
York were on the sidewalks about Jordan's.
They were flat I'!tones from the lake beach,
of irregular shapes and surfaces and m, de
a vèry uneven foot

th. Mr. Jord&n was
one of the pew-holders in S James' church
from Its commencement. and was one of the
signers to a congratulatory address pre-
lIented to Lieutenant-Governor Francis Gore
on his return from England in 1815.

CHAPTER VII.
FIRST BANK IN UPPER CANADA.

The Brick BUildlDK at the South-ea!!t Cor-
ner or KiDe: aDd Frederlek Streets-It.
Builder!!, Oecupauts and Uil'tory.
T
e four corners of King and Frederick
streets form one of the most distin
uished
localities in the city. distinguished almost
from the very first settlement of York. and
àistinguished yet. But the complexion of
its Ïame hM changed, and it must be noted
now chi fly for showing the mutations of half
a century. Before the second decade of the
century had slipped by these four corners had
necome the chief business places of the
nascent capital. Here were the four gen'Jral
stores or shops of the town. At the north.
east corner John Baldwin's, now occupied
by
the Canad& Company; at the north-
west, Alexander W ood's. which. though re-
modelled and altered and recently narrowly
escapinp total destruction by fire, has again
been patched up for occupancy. And in
this connection it may be remarked as a
somewhat singular fact that very few of the
old buildings have been destroyed by fire.
On the south-west corner was D' Arcy
Boulton's. On the south.east corner. about
the year 1818, William Al!an, father of the
Hon. GporJ!:e AUan.erected a strong,substan-
tial, truck-waned brick, buildmg. the
pl'eaent appearance of which the illustra-
tion can best show. The King street
front has been somewhat altered since its
eonatruc:tion. Origio&lly there was one
large &rohed doorway in the centre, wiill
two windows a.t each side corresponding to

those at present on the upper fioor. The
central window of the five in the seCOl\d.
storey was arched to match the doorway
below it. A short distance I'!ourh On the
same side of Frederick street, where stands
the present Newsboys' Home, were the first
post office alid custom house on the premises
of Mr. Allan. who W
postmaster and col.
lector. The building was partly log and
partly frame. Mr. Allan was also inspec-
tor of flour, pot and p
arl ash, and kspec-
tor oÍ shop. still and tavern duties_ HiI'!
dwelling waa down on the same square
near the bay shore. Mr. Allan occupied
a very prominent position in Yark circles of
every kind. In 1812
l<.jor Allan is com-
mandin
110 detachment of volunteers, and
Colonel Allan's name is appended to the
articles of cafJitulat:on April 27. 1813. sur.
rendering York to the commander of the
United States troops. He W&s one of the
two treasurers of the fund raised for the
erection of the first St. James' church in
1803. In 1801 he was returning officer at .
pu
lic election. Later he iM Associ-
ate Justice 'V, Allan, Esq. In this
building then at the south-east corner of
King and Frederick streets, Mr. Allan
opened 110 yeneral store. the stock consisting
of such 110 mixture of merchandise as h&rd-
w&re, spirits, silks, butter, cheese, in fact
everything saleable in the community. At
the legislati ve session of 1821 was &n-
nounced the royal assent to the act passed
in 1819 for the institution of 110 bank which
wa.s to be situated at York. the sear of r;rov-
ernment of the province. and was to be
known as the Bank of Upper Canada. The
stock was not to exceed :t200.000. It Was to
be opened when the deposits amounted
to :t20.000. The Government was allowed
to subscribe for 2,000 shares, and it was de-
clared that the institution might expire by
limitation ill 1848. The bank did not bee;in
operations before 1822, then for nearly h&ll
110 cPDtury it did a good business, but at
length became embarrassed, burdened with
unsaleable lands taken 80S security and failed
in 1866. Its incorporators were William
Allan. Robert C. Horne. John Scarlett,
Francis Jackson, 'Villiam Warren Baldwin,
Alexander Legge, Thomas Ridout, Samuel
Ridout, D' Arcy Boulton, jr., William B.
Robinson, James Macaulay, Duncan Came,
ron, Guy C. Wood, Robert Anderson and
John S. Baldwin. Whpn the bauk began
business, and Mr. Allan bncame its pre-
sident, somewhere about 182
, the building
of which this article treats Wd.S divided, the
bank taking the corner p!\rt, the entrame
to it be.ing on Fred6rÏck street. where the
larg
window now is, .mown in the iIlusb-a-
tiou. The valll.i of the bank
not much like

16

LAND
f 3 RKS OF TORONTO.

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vaults nowadays, may still be seen at the I CHAPTER VIII.
w
stern end of the c
lla.r. The wall is of COTTAGE OF LIEUT. MUDGE.
brick, about 110 toot thick at the front, but
much thicker at the sides and rear. The I'be Douse In "bieh One or Sir .Jobn
interior dimensions are about three feet I ('olbol'nc'& Aldell-de-C'amp Sbot Dim!leU-
zsquare. The door is of iron, half an inch in His Tombdone.
thickness. Two locks like ordinary òoor Rapidly tumbling to decay, with clap-
locks, only stronger, wer
relied on to defend I boards fa.lling off, broken roof overrun with
the treasure. At the pomt where the vauh Virginia creepers, and general appearance
is located the outside foundation wall of dilapida.tion, there stands near the foot
of the buildiuF is over three feet I of Emily street on the west side of the way,
throu
h and of s.tone. . The ba.Dk a narrow buildi.n
of wood surmounted by
occupied theBe premises qUIte a num- a brick chimney, now made to
ber of years. John 'V. Gamble, I serve as a barn, but which was
who had been Mr. Allan's partner, succeeded once a cottage. It is of considerable age, for
him in the busin
ss and was in turn succeeded in 1825 it was considered quite an old house.
by William Gamble who opened in this I The entrance to it formerly led through
buildin
the first wholesale establIshment in quite a ya.rd from Wellington street. This
y ork. Afterward
a br:wer by the na
e old building has a tragic interest. Here
of Townsend occupied It part!y as a resl- I lived Lieutenant Z:tchary M1!dge, an officer
dence a.nd partly, 80S a brewery; the other of artillery and one of the aides-de-camp of
part of the brewery at the rear has since Sir John Colborne. He bore a name famous
been taken down. Ea:ly i
the fìftie
John I in the scientific annals of l!.evonshire. The
Muon moved there USlDg It 110& a resIdence sight of Lieut. MudO'e and Sir JohnColbome,
and boot and shoe store. Durinll MI'. both tall stately, h
ndsome men walking in
Mason's occupancy William Ha.milton, of I company to service at St. James' church on
the St. La.wrence foundry, had part of the a Sunda.y morning was a one which many
building and it was there that he eatablished turned to look at and admire. In the long
the business. Mr. M.ason remained about I pew on the west sid
.of the GovenlOr's seat
twenty years and at
III departure Joseph in church sat the mIlItary "
cerB, a
d here
Clegg opened a fruIt s1iore and the same beside Lieutenant Mudge at tunes might be
buinesll is now carried on by J. Stin.SOIl, the I seen Major Browne, II. brother oÎ Mrs. !Ie-
preaent occupant. mans, the poetess; a young ensign.
_ one of Sir Pere
rine Maitland's aides.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

17

...
;;--

LIEUTENANT MUDGK'S COTTAGE.

de-camp, who was a. direct des- I western corner of St. John's Square, bears
cendant of the Hon. Robert Boyle, the following inscription: "S"cred to the
the scientist; also Major Powell, Captain memory of Zachariah Mud
e, Esq., Lieut.
Urubbi, Major Hillier, Captain Blois aud in the Roya.ì Regiment of Artillery and pri.
Captain Phillpots,brother of Bishop Phillpota Tate secretary to His Excellency Maj.-Gen.
and an officer in the Royal Engineers who Sir J. Colborne, K.C.B., Lieut.-GovQrnor of
once attend.
d Sir John Colborne on a trip to this province, who departed this life 10th
Niagara Falls on horsebacK. But to retuen ,Tulle, 1831, aged 31 years." The Government
now owns the buìldin2 in which Lieut8nan1i
Mudge sought and found death, and has
joined to it cloister-like looking additio-ns to
serve the purpose of coal and wood bina and
storage rooms.

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to Lieutenant Mudge. He wal! a. bachelor.
For some reason which was never learned he
one day in thil'l little :tOuse on Emily street
placed a musket to his heart and pulled
the trigger, killin
himself instantly. His
death was deeply rQgretted. His remainR
were interred in the old military buria.l
grou'1d. His tombstone at the north.

CHAPTER IX.
THE FIRST BRICK BUILDING.

Tbe Douse a& &be Norah-east Corner 01 Kia.
and Frederidi. 8trf'et!l. El'ected hi 1807.
DOW Occnpled by tbe t:anada (;ompanr.
At the north-east corner of KinJ! and
Frederick streets stands a squa.re brick
house, with a tinned roof and a porch orna-
mentin
the facade. A 8ubstantial, well-sized
building, with an air of respectability even
nofF', it must have been-a grand mansion
in the days when built, for Ï1i
was the tirst brick structure erected
in Toronto, all the others bein
fra.me. Dur-
ing the progress of the French Revolution 8
French Royalist officer and Chevalier of the
Order of St. Louis by the name of Lawrence
Quetton emigrated to Canada.. It was OD

t. George'
day that he first trod on Eng.
lish territory, and to commemorate the fad
he asaumed the surname of St.
orRe. H.

18

LAND
I.ARK

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I

LAKD
IARKS OF TORONTO,

;J,.;quired a lar
e tract of land north of York
known as the Oak Ridges. He established
numerous stations for trading with the In-
dians, one of wh:ch was at Odilia in 1802.
For partner he had Gen. Aml1rose de Farcy,
who kept a store on the road between Nia-
gara. and Queenston, in the huusa of the
Comte de Puisaye, a. French officer who
published a volume of memoirs and
oÏ whom Carlyle, Thiel's and Lamartine
speak in their works. In 1805 Quetton
St. George established himself in business
at York, getting all his wares direct from
New York. He prospered so well that in
1807 he built the house now known to all
residents of Toronto 80S the Canada Com-
pany'. building. For its construction he
bl'08
h t the first bricks ever seen in York
from Oswego or Rochester. The street
fuaor and pa.rt of the cellar were used by Mr.
8*. George for carryin
on hiB {{eneml mer-
cantile business. The reat of his house WaS
occupied as a residence.
THERE STILL Jl[A Y :BE SEEN
evidence of its life as a store at the north-
west cornel' of the buildiTI
. Mr. St.
Geor
e continued to conduct his bwiness
here until 1817, when having formed
an acquaintance with the Baldwins
he transferred his King street property
to James S
a.d Baldwin, father of Canon
Ba.1dwin and uncle of William A. Baldwin
the Reformer. Mr. Baldwin's brothers
were W. W. Baldwin and Admiral Baldwin.
He continued to carry on the business
established by Mr. St. George for some
time a.nd then retired from active life and
went to Montreal to live. Some ti-ne after
this the Canada Company took the house
whicll it still occupies renting it now from
a son of Canon Bald win. At the olose of
the Revolution in France Mr. St. Geor
e
returned to hi. native country whE:re he
passed the balaúce of his life. The power-
tul organization known as the Canada Land
Company has played 110 great part in the
coloniza
ion of Canada.. Managed in Lon-
don, it was established at
ork in
1826, iis first office beina: a room in the
Steamboa.t Hot81 in the market block on
Front street. From the beginning land
owners a.nd others regarded it with disfavor
to ov('rcome which and plea.se the p.;ople of
the town Commissioner Galt of the com-
pany gaTe the lamous fancy dress ball at
Frank's ?otel, at which Lady :Mary Willis,
pl'rsonatmg Mary Queen of Scots, did the
honours oi the occasion for the commissioner
in the absence of his wife. Pprhaps no
building in the city is better known, and
its remova.l will ta.ke aWav a landmark
from what was once t.he 1Írost importan

part of the town.

19

CHAP.fER X.
THE GARDENERS' ARMS.

.&D Old 'Yons:e SiNei Hos&el,y w.&b Wbleb
w.. ConDeded Vauxb.1I
de.8. OD
e a
Popular .Be8oft.
At an early date Yonge street, within 110
distanct. of 110 couple of miles, boasted
ree
roadside inns, which were well pa.tronizeà
by travellers 1;0 and from York, not only aa
a halting and watering place for tired horses,
for the passage of the Blue Hilt l'M'ine, &
little distance Íurther north, waa.. tremen-
dous stru'{gle with a load, &II indeed
were many places on Y ooge street,
but also as a place of refreshment for drivers
and passengers. Drinking was much more
universal, and men drank more heavily in
those days than now. The old brewers tell
how they regularly furnished the elerg.Jmell
of that time with barrels of their best beer.
Far north on Y onge s'reet was originally
the Green Bush Tavern, a pine tree painted
on its si",n. Landlord Abra.hams conducted
it and afterwards moved it down nea.r Queen
street. The next tavern going north, just
A.bove the Sandhill, where once was a solitary
Indian irave, but which is now built up, wu
the Gardeners' Arms. Its sign exhibited
a heraldic arrangement oÎ horticultural
Implements. It was 110 two-storey fra.me
building with a one.storey narrow
xtension
in front and 110 small wing at the north end.
Before it were troughs and a pump for
watering horses and cattle. It was a house
of good repute. Thirty years ago it was
kept by Matthew Ward. Fifty years ago
its landlord was Thomas Naylor. The land
on which the Gardeners' Arms was built origi.
na.lly belonged to the Emslie estate. In
1829 it was sold by Mary .Emslie to Richard
Brewer who, in 1854, sold it to William
Allan. In 1871 it Was sold to John Lamb
who two yt:ars later transferred it to
Mr. Joseph Jackes, the present owner.
For some years the Gardenocs' Arms bas
not been a place of public entertainment.
The building has been utilüed for various
trades and occupations. It is still stand.
ing, the second buildin
below Charles
street, on the east side ot Y onge, but wea.r-
ing an air of dilapiàation in the weather
st,lÌned frame work, the broken windows
and ihe rickety roof. Wag-gons of all kinds
by the dozen, old and broken, litter up the
yard. At one end is a coboler's little shop.
In the wing is a rag shop with piles of rags
heaped about whích women and children
are assortin
.
Ju,..t north of the Gardeners' Arms was the
V am::hall Gardens, a resort conducted in
connection with the tav<ern and deriving ita
name from the celebrated London ilardens.

20

OF' TORONTO.
LANDMARKS

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

where readers of Thackeray's " Vanity J!'air'" then in force, the property d
cended to Jos.
will remember Jos. Sedley drank too much' cph Bird, his son. Joseph o.cted honoura.bly,
a.rrack punch. The garden. with or
hard however. and of his own accord dimed HP
in its rear. was surrounded by an ordmary the property among his sisters. keeping fol'
fence. The entrance was on Yonge street. himself the Q'leen steeet house. in which he
thro
h an archway on which wa! painted opened a tavern. Upon Joseph Bird's dea.
h
.. VauxhaU Gardens." Nothing remain. of in 1859 his will was found to direct that the
orchard or garden but a reminiscence, as place should either be mortgaged or sold.
it is flashed. into momentary existence Consequently the executors mortgaged it,
by the m
c wand of memory. but the rent wall not sufficient to
pay the interest. taxes and
e u-
pense of keeping it in J:epðÏr. Then
they wished io sell it, but could not;
on account of the 'Word "or U in the clause
"mortgaged or sold." &tbsequently t:þe
building society which had IIodv8dlced t:L600
on the propeny sold it a
auction. It was
bought by "California." Metcalf. a man
who. having failed here went to Calilornia
at the time of thQ gold excitef;Del't, was suc-
cessful, made money. came back to Toronto,
paid his debts and invested in real estate.
Some time afterwards too properly was held
for a bnef space by a m&Il named. Robet.t-
son. It then came into the posseuion of
Wiiliam Charlton, who continued it as a.
tavern tor maD, years up to about 1860.
Charlton was the IÌrst assistant engineer of
the fire bri
a.de. A few years la.ter. about
the time of die Fenian raid, he was kiiled at
a fire on Shuter street by a ba.loo
faIIÏ.n2
on him. After his death Mrs. Cba.rlton, w.
widow, managed the business t\to yedors,
when she married J obn EllioU. She then
transferred thp property to J a.mes Spence,
who in turn conveyed it to James Lennox,
the present occupant. In a shed at the
rear of tht: house, now torn down, a man by
the name of Dawes once kept a rag shop.
Nex
to the Lennox house on the
east }'Uns a passage. on the other
side of which is a. low, wooden building of
considerable age, occupied from the first and
still occupied as '" black-smith's shop. Long
a.go an American hy the name of Treat car-
ried on business there. He was succeeded
bV Rowell, Fitzgerald and ihe present occu-
p

. Ti!e l!ouse
.o the ea
t of the lIhop
was built by Rowell, and used by him as &
resirlence. John Boxal1 bought Rowell's
house, a.nd also built the one next to it. Re-.
nind these two houses used to be a liUle
cottage, some time ago pulled down. The
brick building, with the letters, '\Globe
Foundry," sketching a4reøg its front. is
next. The land on which this stands W&8
first owned by Geo
e Hutchison. His
dau
hter, M.rs. Bznnett. inherited the prop-
erty which she sold to Edward Beckei'.
Originally there was a little cottagz on the
site with a porch which a Mrs. Manus rent-
ed, alld where she kept a s:na.ll hardwazoe
shop for m&ny years. On Mr. Bccketè..

CHAPTER XI.
A QUEEN STREET BLOCK.

The Rower BulldiD!:A DetWe4'D Teraul_,.
anfl".mu .'reet-A. ø.....e two GeeupanL8
ofWhie... eame &9 a 't'iole.' DeaU..
Along the north side of Queen street, be-
tween James and Teraw.a.y streets, stretches
a row of buildivgs, all with tJ:!.e exception
of the two easternmòst ones having an ap-
pearance of age. They a.re now. in this
year of
race 1888, "iven over to
boot and shoe men. barber., and
11.11 the motley A.rray of occupa.-
tions which buildings that have
Been their best days usually pre
ent. This
is one side of the squa.l'e on which the new
COUl't hoase will atand. With the exceøion
of some on the:Ja.mes street 8ide the other
buildings on the block have been pulled
down to make way for the new edifice. Be-
'!:inning at the corner of '.I'eraulay street the
first-building is a. little low structure now
occupied a.s a buuher shop. This building
was put up about 1825 and at first formoo.
two small oottaj.?'Ð8 which some time aftel-
wards Were converted into shops. Behind
the butcher shop are two small houses and
shedt5 which were built by Joseph Bird,
about forty years ago. Next to the
butcher shop is the frame build-
ing now Ä:nown as Lennox's hoteL
It was built in 1827. by John Bird,
and wa.s occupied by him at first as a gell-
eral store and resilience. The house h'iS
been somewhat altered from its ocigina.l ap-
pearance. When it was I:>uilt the floor was
considerably higher than the street and
was reached by an ascent of four steps run-
ning up the side of a railed platform. The
front projection wa.s subsequently added by
James Spence. In
e rear is a brick addi-
tion put on by Jamea Lennox, the present
o
cupant, which a lit.tle red lamp, suspended
over the Queen
reet entrance, dec!ares to
be Dufferin Ha.U. John Bird bought the
land on which the houae stands from James
Mtl.c'tulay in 1820. At that time there was
a little cottage. pa.inted green, stand
on
the s te. :Mr. Bird met a mysterious death
in 1830, a.nd it is supposed that he was mul'-
del"cd, Dying inte3tl\te, by the law of entail

22

;LANDl\IARKS OF TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

23

comin
into possession, he built a foundry
at the rear of the lot, and on the street the
brick buildin'C where he sold the pots and
kettles he made. Mrs. Beckett, who after-
ward beca.me Mrs. McNeil, owned aud
lived in the houle next to the foundry. The
property at the corner of James. street,
ori
ina.lly belonv;ed to a man named Blevins.
The two corner bulldinga are of quite mod.
ern construction. There is a cottage on
James street in thÐ rear of the Queen
atreet cornp,r whp.re a. man by the name of
Perkis lived. He was a sailor and boat
builder, and oncJ he built quite a larg; ves-
sel in his back yard which was dragged
down to the bay on rollers by oxen. Not
far from this standing back from the street
in a square rough-caøt house where Miss
Huasy once taught school. Years ago the
rest of the square was a pasture field and
there 1IV1WI an orchard in which the children
delighted to get.
In the ùme of J 08eph Bird, some of the
adjoining property was owned as follows:
Ishmael Iredale, at the south.west corner,
and Dr. rrai
or at the south-east corner of
Queen and Bay streets. James Patten
owned the north-eastern corner of Queen
a.nd James, Isaac \Vhlte the south-west of
James and what is now Albert but was then
Jeremy street. .Mr. Patten owned the
south-east corner of Albert a.nd Teraulay,
and south of his property was the plot
sixty fef't wide gi ven by Joseph
Bird to one of his sisters, while directly op-
posite on the other side of Teraulay WcL8 a
similar plot given by him to the other sister.
The south-west corner of Teraulay and
Albert was in the possession of Mr. Abbott,
and the north-west corl1er of Teraulay and
Queen in the possession of Mr. Emery. The
ma.terial for the new court house is now
under consideration and it will be but a
short time before a magnificent pile of stone
will be reMed upon the site of the primi
tive houses of York.

habits, especially on Sunday. It was built
about 1820. It continued to be a drinking-
place up to about 20 Y<' ars ago, when it Wa.l!l
destroyed. In the fifties it was kept by .n
old man by the Dame of King. His son,
George King, was a member of a notorious
band of robbers known a8 the Town86llà
ga.ng, who were the terror of the country.
George was convicted of the murder of a.
stage driver, and about thirty yeara ago was
hanp;ed. at Cayuga..
\1.
'\

CHAPTER XII.
THE TECUNISEH WIGWAM.

A.n Old Bloor litreei Log ('.bin, Oace a
Fayourlte Beaor& tor tbe 'WOUDg Men or
Ole Town.
The illustration shows a little, low, oue-
ßtorey log cabin, with a verandah, or, more
properly, what an old Dutch burgher would
caJl a " stoep." or stoop. It stood at the
north-west corner of Bloor street and A ve-
nue road, on the site now occupied by
Albert Nordheimer's residence. It was
known a& Tecumseh Wigwam, and wa.s for
a long time Do favourite resort for young
men of social tastes a.nd equally social

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24

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER XIII.
A ONOE GREAT MERCANTILE ROW

TIle Block. on the South Side or Ilin& Street,
BeSween GeorKe and Frederkk Skeets-
All It Formerly WBIi, and Ù "0'1'1'.
The block on the south side of King
street, between Geor
e and Frederick, is
one of the most interesting sections of the
city. Here were la.id the foundations of
Toronto's merca.ntile prosperity, and here
also were the first beginnings of education
in York. Starting at the corner of George
street, it may be of interest to trace the
history of the block. At the south-
east corner then of King and Geor
e streets,
where now is a brick hõtel, fonnerly stood a
wooden dwelIi
. At its east side was a
small low stone addition. Dr. G. Okill
Stuart lived in the dwe1lin
and June 1,
1807, opened in the little stone structure
the Home District Schooì, the first school of
a public character in York. Its first pupils
were John Ridout, William A. Hamiiton,
Thomas G. Hamilton, George H. Detlor,
George S. Boulton, Robert Stanton, 'ViIliam
Stanton, Anszus McDonell, Alexander
Ha.milton, Wilson Hamilton, Robert
R088, Alla.n McNab and among
Bubsequentscholarswere John Moore,Charles
Rug"les, Edward Hartnev, Charle8 Boulton,
Alexø.nder Chewett, Donald McDonell,
James Edward Small, Charles Small, John
Hayes, George Jarvis, William Jarvis, 'Vil-
liam Bowkett, Peter McDonell, PhiIamon
Squire
, James Mclrnosh, Bernard Glennon,
Richard Brooke, Marshall Glennon, Daniel
Brooke, Henry Glennon, Cha.rles Reade,
William Robin8on, Gilbert Hamilton, Henry
Ernst, John Gra.y. Robert Gra.y. William
Cawthra, William Smith, Harvey W ood-
ruff. Robert Anderson, Benjamin An-
derøon, James Givins. Thomas Playter
and, William Pilkington. Girls were
al80 admitted to the school and on the roll
are the names of those who were the bë:llesof
Upper Canada more than half a century ago.
The master, wh'J a.ft2rwards became Arch-
deacon of Kingston, is described as a very
tall, benevolent and fine featured ecclesias-
tic. His pulpit delivery waf; curious, mark-
ed as it was by u'1expected elevations, and
depressions of the voice a.nd ìong closings of
the eyes. Afterwaràs Dr. Stuart's house
was bought by George L , flubsequently Col-
onel Duggan, who occupied it as
a shop and re3idence. Mr. Duggan and
Dr. &ua.rt did not agree very welI,
and it was the custom of the former to get
up and walk out of the church whenever the
Doctor preached at St. James. It is also
related of him that he once kept a jury out
aU night, he bÚng the only obstinate mem-

ber. Mr. Duggan was living in the honse
at the corner of King and George streets in
1820, and in the street p-uide published in
1833-4 his name is f:mnd as the proprietor
of a general store. Dr. Thomas Duggan
at the same time occupieà part of the
building. In those days the numbers

>n King street ran toward Y onge etreet,
lDstead of from it as now. In 1833 the
number of this corner was 61; now it is 189.
In the s
re
t guide or directory of that year
the intormation is given that this building
marked the corner of the Home District.
For a great many years there was a. wide
vacant lot to the eastward of Mr. Duggan's
property, and in the Gazette of Ma.rch 18,
1822, this is offered for sale as a building
lot and described in the advertisement
as eighty-six feet in Íront and one
hundred and seventeen in depth, and
as being "'one of the most eli-
gible lots in the Town of York, and
situated on King street, in the centre of the
town." 1'he first building erected on this
lot was a frame structure put up by Arm-
strong & Beaty and occupied by them a.s a
boot and shoe store. In the directory of
1833-4 Armstrong & Beaty, boot and shoe
makers, ar
its occupants. It was then
numbered 55 and 57. Its number now is
193, and is used as a tinware esta.blishment,
and is much the same in appearance as It
was then. The first building to go up east
of the Duggan House was a small trame
house built by Wi1liam and Thoma.s Fm,ter.
'fhese brot.hen subsequently went into busi.
ness in Toronto, and being both shrewd
and per.everiug, were most ' succesatul.
They are remembered as being upright and
straightforward in all their dealings. In
the directory above mentioned the name of
W. Foster alone appears as occupying
No. 59 King street. The Foster house was
put up beÎore lR28. Wlpre it stood il!l now
a brick building numbert'd 191 and used as
a jewellery store. In 1833 George Donning-
ton occupied part of the Fostet' building
as a provision store. Next to this
was the Armstrong & Beaty building
mentioned above. Then came a yeilow
frame building erected before 1828 and oc-
cupied as a saddle shop by a man named.
Suliivan. Subsequently it was taken by
,John Sproule, a wholesa.le and retail grocer
and wine merchant and Government con-
tractor, who had possession of it in 1833.
Its number then was 53. It is now 195.
The building is now standing and used
as a restaurant. It is shown in the
illustration. Next to this wa.s a frame
building shown in the accompanying sketch
as a saloon, numbered 199. It has been
torn down to ma.ke way for a brick

LA
D,MARKS OF 'rORONTO.

building now in process of erection.
Its orill;inal number was 51, a.nd it
was us
d in 1833 by Robert McKay
a.s a grocery anù liquor store. Next ill a.
little modern structure, and beyond this the
store of George Monro for a. lon2' time the A,
T. Stewart of York, and afterw&.l'd .Mayor
of Toronto in 1840, and member of Parlia-
ment for the South Riding in York in 1844-
5. Associated with him in business was his
brother John. I, seems difficult to r.aliz

that the little two-storey frame building
shown in the cut should once have been one
of the grandest mercantile establi-hments in
town, but such is the fact. III 1833,
John Gallagher, a tin and
iron worker, and Robert Tra.nior,
a boot and shoe m!l.ker occupied it. Its num-
ber then was 49. It is now 203. In Mr.
Monro's time it was residlllce as well as
store. On the west side of it. where the
little tuo-storey square frame building,
shown in the iIlustration,'now stands, was a
tasteful flower garden and a trellised
verandah, with cages of canary birds. Next
to Mr. Monro.s premises was a small brick
tenement. In the year 1832 .Mr.. Clarke
Gamble was called to the bar, and 'V.
J)'Arcy Boulton built for him in the vacant
space between his house a.nd this brick
building a law offic3. Mr. Ga.mble's office
wa.s a little ea
t of where th"J
hieroglyphics of Y oot Loy a.re now
to be seen. In 1833 Mr. Gamble
ha,d hung out his sign, and the directory of
tbat year gives his number as 47. The
buildinv 1\- O U afterward enlarged and re-
modelled. and now forms part of the brick
house next to the corner. Studying law in
Mr. Gamble's office wel'e : \Vm. H. Boul-
tQD, D'Arcy Boulton, Allan Cameron, John
McLean, Archibald G. McLean, Sir James
Lul-.'n Robinson, John Strachan, son of the
late Bishop Strachan, Ma.tthew Crook!!
Ca.met'on, a.fterwards Sir Matthew Crooks
Cameron, Hon. G. W. Allan, William 'V.
Harvey and Jud
e Scott.
\Ve are now at the south-west corner of
King and Fredenck streets. Here
ori
inally stood the store of D'Arcy
Bo'!lton, a large frame building, painted
whIte. Mr. Boulton was barrister and
,marchant, and practiced la.w as well a.s
kep'; shop. The firm aftel'wards became
'Boulton a.nd Proudfoot. Sonwtima b;fore
1830 the brick building seen at the corner
in the illustration, and numbered now 211-
213 was built by the firm and' used as a.
general store. The pa.rtnership was
dissolved, and in 1833 \Yilliam Proudfoot
alone dealt there, the number then being
45, in wiaes, liquori, dry-goods, etc. In
"he forties No. 211 was IWl eatin2 house,

25

kept by one Bloxom, a co!oured man. Pro-
bably it was about 1833 when the plan of
numberin
houses supel';,:cded the method of
distinguishing them by sig-ns which told
their own story, !;uch as a crown"C: boot,
tea. chest, axe, sa,w, fowlin"" piece, pough,

old
n fleece, a.nvil, sledge-ha.mmer or
horseshoe. 011 the north-west corner of
King and Frederick streets was the shop
of Alexandel \:V ood. in front of which the
first sidewalk in Toronto w:a.s laid down.
Mr. \V ood's brother had been engaged in
business in York both alone and in partner-
ship with Mr. Allan, a.nd a.t his death
Alexander came here to 8etle up the estate
an" until after the war of 1812 he continued
the business. He was II. bachelor and Ii ved
above hisl!tore. He returned to Scotland where
he died intestate and it was Bome time be-
fore the lawful heir to his property WeiB
esta.blished. \V ood and Alexander streets
run throu?!h la.nd that once belon
ed to him
and they are üam
d a.fter him. On the cor-
uer dia
ona.ny a.cross from Mr. Boulton's
building, at an early date stood the bUIlding
now oceup:ed by tne Canada Company, ana
since we are in the mercantile district of
infant York it may be interestin
to show
the varied assortment of goods advertised
in 1805 as havif\g jusc arrived from New
York. They are as given in Dr. Scaddin
's
Toronto of Old :-Ribbons, cotton goods,
si:k tasseìs, gown trimmings. cotton bindin

wire trimmings, silk belting, fans, bea.ded
buttons, block tin, gloves, ties, cotton bed,
line, bed lace, rollo bands, ostrich feathers,
silk lace, black veil lac...., thread do., la.ces
and edgini, fine black v
ils, white do., fine
silk mitts, love handkerchiefs,Bø.rcelon'-!. do.,
silk do., black crapE.", bla.ck mode, black
B<!!ong, blue, white and yellow do., stcip::d
silk for gowns, chambray muslins, printed
dimity, split straw bonnets,Leghorn do., im-
perial chip do., best LJndon ladies' beayer
bonnets, cotton wire, Rutland gauz
band-
boxes, cambrics, Irish linens, callima.ncoes,
plain muslins, laced muelins, blue. black and
yellow nankeens. jeans, fustians, lon
silk
gloves, :vel vet ribbons, Russia sheetings,
India. satins, silk and cotton umbrcllas,
pJ.rail01s, white cottom, bombazetts, black
and white silk stockings, damask table-
cloths, napkin", cotten, striped nankeens,
bandanna handkerchiefs, catgut, Tickenburg,
brown holland, creas a 180 .Morlaix, Italian
lute strings, bemrer cap::! for children. Hyson
tea, Hyson chanlon in small chests, young
Hy.son, green ::;vucboug and Bohen., loa.f
Ea.st India. and Muscovado sugars, musta.rd,
essence of mustard, pills of mUiJtard, capers,
lemon juice, soap. Windsor ào., indigo,
mace, nutmegs, cinn" mOIl, cas9Ïa., cloveao
pimento, pepper, best box raisins. prunes,

2-6

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

coff
e, Spanish and American segars, Cay-
enn
pepper in bottles, p:'as, barley, c..
tor
oil, British oi1, pickled oysters, chinaware
in small boxes and !ets. suwa.rrow,
boots, bootees, men's, women's and chil-
dren's !hoes, ja.panned qua.rt mugs, do.
tumblers, tipped flutes, violin bows, bras!'!
wire, sickles, iron c3.udlesticks, shoemakers'
hammers, knives, pincers, pegging awls and
tacks, awl blades, .hoe brushes, copper t;ea
kettle., snaffie bitl, leather shot belts, horn
powder flasks, ivory, horn and crooked o:om b!'!,
mathema.tical instruments,knive. and forks,
sUlpenders, fieh hooks, sleeve links; sp:>rts-
men's knives, lockets, ear-ring", gold topaz,
do. gold watch chains, gold seals, gold
brooches, cnt gold rings, plain do., t:ear!
do., silver thimbles, do. teaspoons, .shell
IIleeve buttons, sil ver watches, beads, paste-
board, foolscap paper, second do., letter
paper, black and red ink, powder, wafers
and a miscellaneou3 supply oÍ Ji
erat.ure.
Just here a York Pioneer's Recolleetions
of Little York in 1828, cannot fail to be of
interest. He says:- When I first came
to York in July, 1828, I was a lad of twelve
years of a
e. The town contained about
three thou!!cloDd inhabitants, mostly English,
Irish and Scotch, and a few Americans anè
native Canadians. The impression first
formed by me on being here a few days was
that of it bein2 a scattered village, the
housel being built, with a few exceptions, of
frame, with gable ends to the street, the
chief street, as now, being King street.
The roads on all thoroughfare. of the town
were like most villaee roa.ds in dry weather,
fairly
ood. No material, however, was
used to improve them, in c
nsequence
of which in the fall and in rainy weather
they were almost impa.ssable for vehicles.
The winters set in generally early, and the
frost m'l.de the roads better, and as I:Ileighing
could be looked foc almost to a certainty
through the winter months up to the end of
March, there was not much to complain of.
So far as: locomotion was concerned, the
sidewalk::!, except in dry weather, were in
no better state than the streets. This stat

of affa.irs, however, did not last long, aa
shortly after 1830 improvements on the
street and sidewa.lks commenced., and on the
latter some .flaggin
and pla.nk wd.lks were
laid down.
Quite a number of our wealthiest men,
merchants, professional men and govern-
ment officers, kept their carriages. 1'he
most in use by the merchants was a kit
d
of four-whe
led !ie;ht Wa.e;g.JD or waggol1-
ette, made îor one or two sea.ts,
and strong
y made for rou
h roads.
U'he society of th9 town was excellent,
and dmong the GoverIiIIlent oðìcexa and

lea.<Un" mercha.nts and profeslional men
much r
6nement and education exilted, and
York bei
[to garrison town there were one
or more regiments of Imperial troops sta-
tioned here, the officers of whi
h were con-
sidered an acqaisitioD to socIety, and many
of the fair dl.ugh
r9 of York formed marri-
a2es with these pJIa.tIt fellows.
The chief business pari of the town at that
time, 1828, Wa.fi King: aa; Front streets, the
western limh being Y onge'15veei, and the
eastern limit the Don bridge. There w
e,
howeve
, many excellent pri
ate rellidenèes
,,,est of York on Y ong.., Front aud Dundas
streets, as far w'bt as the garrison.
Dundas screet, now Queen, was the
northern limii generally df the town,
althou
h there were SO
first-class private
dwellin

north of Dundas and Lot atreets,
but there were no streets laid out except
Y onge street, and that street wall an old
military road, cut out before 1800 on the
first sett
eD'!ent of the olò Province of Upper
Canada. It was cut out by the Engli,aþ
Government, by Governor Simcoe and his
troops, the Ra.nger!'!, leading to upper lakes,
and was, and is now, over forty miles long,
bearing the :lame of Y oDge sheet. The
country improved rapidly after the war of
1812, and in 1828 there were many fine
farms under cu1tivati
n on the Kingston
road, Y onge street, Lot street and Dundas
street west, with comfortable farm houses,
and the farmers generally were well to do,
and there were pretty fair taverns
ior the time on these roads.
Stages were established on all leaà-
ing roads, to the town in 1828, HamIlton
and L<:mdon were very small villages. The
town of Kingston was the chief and largest
town in the province, and from the fa.ct of
it being a naval and military sta.tim. it was
only second in importance to Quebec. There
was a tribe of India.ns on the Inåian reserve
of Port Credit, 16 miles west of York, and
they frequently had their t:&mpin
ground
on the green near the old ja.il. The men
lived by fishing', and the squaws made
baskets and bea.d work, and the Indian boys
were very expert with bows and arrows, and
the sons ûf the towns people soon were
equally so; striking a copper or half-penny
off a willow twig at lòome yards distan
e
was no uncommon feat.
In 1829 among the many steamers plying
upon the lake were the Canada to 1'.iagara ;
the .Dalhousie and 1'oronto, between King-
ston and Prescott; the Niagal a, Queenbton
and .A lciope, between Kingston, York and
:Siagara; and the United Kingdom be-
tween thp. two form.r porta. From 1830
to 1833 were added, among others.
the Cobourg, '\, dliam the Fourth, and

LAND:\1ARKS OF TORONTO.

27

the Great Britain--&Dd as years advanced
the stea.mboat accommodation advanced,
1I,nd, in 1842 the Canadi3-DS eould boast of as
fine a line of steamers and sailing vessels 80S
on any of the inland waters, a
daily line of steamers being formed
betw(>Ctl 'I'oronto (oIl York) and

Iontreal to connect with a daily line to
Quebec. At this date, 1888, the tonqage on
WI' lakes has reached as follow.: :Nmnber
of vessels, 1,275 ; number of steamers, 610;
groos to
e, 81,724 ; total net tonua17e,
129,548. 'l'be
eat q;mpetition of our car-
ryiñg tradê by railway has given a check to.
the increase in our tonna
e of late years, bnt
it is steadily increasing, and, in fact, it is
not alone our merchant marine and our city
which haa made such rapid nride8 (the city
now numbex:inßne,a.rly 150,000 people), batour
unrivalled raIlway service and

lQeral im-
provement of the country at larce, aU of
which should excite adJ,niration.

t is something for a York p\oneer to say
ai this date that after a lapse of sixty years
in this locality he hMs a lively recolfeciion of
Muddy Little York with its three thousand
i!lba.bitants, surrounded as it was a few
years previòus to 1828 by a wildernes!!, and
tha, tbe fint white perfl()D born here iñ 1800
in a log cabin on Duke IItreet, (the late
mueh respected A"Ddrew ij,:eron), only a
short time ßlo pused a*ay from our midst.

CHAPTER XIV.
COLLEGE AVENUE LODGE.

.A. .lId I..IU:e Structare .1 'be Foot of tbe
81'0.<< DaU le.dine up '0 the IJnITer.ltJ'
er Tøl'oDle.
On the western side of the ground. sur-
rounding Osgoode Hall spring out from
Queen street two pa.rallel .tree
B forming
one noble avenue fringed .. ith four rows of
chestnut trees, leadin
up to Queen's
Park and to the University. Regarded
as two separate streets, the one
further to the west is College avenue.
It belongs to the corpora.tion and was laid
out in & very primitive way about 1825. In
the original pli\u
g of the avenue numer-
ous trees and shrubs were mingled to'!ether
much as in a. wild wood. Just before the
building of the first University edifice in
1842 another street to the eastward of Col-
lege avenue ani\. adjoining it, was laid out
and designated P&rk lane, after the London
thoronghiare leadin
from Oxìonl street to
Piccadilly and skirting the east side of Hyde
Park. A;terward the name was changed to
University street, which it still bears, a
confusing nomenclature, however, in view of
tOO parallel College avenue. The home chest-
llut.!> phl1ted at the same time were

brought here from the United States.
for although now very numerous about To-
ronto these trees were then a rarity in the
nei"hbourhood. In the year 1832 Mr.
J. G. Howard, the well.known archi.
tect and civil enjitil1eer, built four lodies of
the design in the engraving. One of these
lodges was at the western side of the main
gate of College avenue. Another was at the
eastern side, so that the entrance was
flanked with two buildings, that looked
amid all the surrounding foliage rather
picturesque. About a dozen yeariil ago the
eastern lodge was torn down, but the west-
ern one remains as it was forty years ago.
rhe other two lodp;es were on Coill>.ge .'reet
the entrance running west to th
pll.t"k from
Y ong.a street. One stood a.t the north-
west corner of College and Y onge .treets
and the other further west on College street
on the same side a short di.ta.nce east of
Beverley street. Both these have been Ûlrn
down. The easternmost one was oc-
cupied by Robert Carleton, the fore-
ma.n of the corporation and the other
further west by Thomas Hornibrook, the
ColIeKe avenue constable. A1i all
helle
entrances were 'ft ooden gates, which were
k( pt closed and only opened cn applieation
to the caretakers. No heavy waggons were
allowed to pailS. At a comparatiNely recent
period LJniversity street and College avenue
were se-parated by a fence. The cotta.ge
shown in the engraving at the north-west
corner of College a.venue and Queen street,
i. now o
cllpied by Mrs. Fitzpo.trick,
the widDW of Mark Fitzpatrick, who
was a ,caretaker and lived there
for many years previous to his death He
was injured in onl3 of his feet and the Uni-
versity now pays a peD!lion to Mm. Fitz-
patrick. The trees aI01:
g the avenue were
planted by Mr. Fitzpatrick. The ledge at
the north-east corner ot University street and
Quee:::J. street which was torn down about a
dozen yean ago, was occupied for eighteen
years up to its demolition by Geo.Hunt, now
constable at the market. Previous to its
occupancy by :Mr. Hunt, George Sta.cey
was caretaker and lived there. Mr. Hunt
put up an addition of two rooms to the
lodge in which he lived for which he was
reimbursed by the corporation at the time
of the destruction of the building.
The lodge is so small Rnd so oddly out of
keeping with its surrounding3 thai one
can not pass by and not have his attention
attracted to it. Around it runs a row
or wooden pillars supporting a low portico;
horse chestnuts overshadow it, and in the
early summer from their p:reat bunches of
white flowers drift down upon its roof fra-
grant storms of falling blosso'l1s, It is not

28

LAKDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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COLLEGE AVENUE LODG&
mu
bigg
r than the little .yel1o
box t
at I CM -Hoel, from whom all Ap-Hoels trace
a Cl"lpple wDeels eve I y mornIng to Its statton their descent. Here was a racket court also
across the roa.dway with his small siock of in high favour with the officers ot the (Jar-
fruits, nuts, candies and daily newspape1'8. rUolI., and the ",roands were often brighten-
Something, too, of an ecclesiasticaì air is ed wi
h :he ga.y drei!ses and f&ir fa.c6 of
there about the gt'ay, rough-cast little cot- lady vkitors. Shortly alSer the park wa'l
t
e, wibh its single chimney, conspicuously laid OIlt t!:.e popularity of the gr
began
large for the size of the build in" and it continued up to about Ni y6rs 84t o .
one door like tþat of a chapel and Henry LJ.yoon, the pl'opri,e.tpr, kept a little
its Gothic-arched wmdowl'lllhaded by wà-ite hotel near by ",here pla...yers aDd specta.tors
curtains like surplice!! in their pUl'ity. might
et refreshmea1s, and perhaps no
Georie 'V ells made the lodge his bachelor spot is more dearly cherished in the memory
quarters for a time. He was the son of of old resiàents of Toronto than the Caer
Colonel Wells, once of the 43rd regiment, H()well BowlinJ;{ Green.
and inherited natural a.rtistic gifU! and a
ha.nd!ome form. Colonel Wells was decor- CHAPTER XV.
ated with the gold medal of Badaj<m, '-nd
after retiring from the army built and occu- BISHOP STRAOHAN'S MANSION.
pied the pretty home called Davenport, Tb.. Boa"e in whleb tbe )!lrlt Blllhep of To-
which wa.s afterwards used as a re- ronto LIved and Dled-A Brief' :Sk.eleh of
sidence by his son, Colonel Wells, the Bl8l1.op.
who distinguished hilD,ielf in the Cd- Bya not unna.tural correlation of ideas
mean war, Rnd on nis return to. the house whieh the Rev. Dr. John StrACha.n
Toronto was publicly presented with a bUlit for a private residence c&me to
IIword of honour. Two-thirds of the way be known a.s the Bishop's Palace and now
up College avenue to Col;ege street the in- converted into a private }rotel ia known &8
tersecting road leading to the Pa.rk from the Palace Boarding House. It is not
Y onge street was the once famous Bowling strange that it should have received thIS
Green, a level sward with a circular bank hiJ!:h sounding appellation. In the first
around and on the bank fiue trets, where place it was a palace compared with
the old residenti of Toronto used to go the other buildings of York at the
every pleasant afternoon to play bowls. time of its erection, and then Dr. Strachan
The
reen was named Cap.r-Howell. after came to be bishop, although twenty years
the orip;inal owner of tl.e la.nd, later. But the building never was a palace;
who called all the property he posaessed neyer was a.nything more th1.n a private r4!-
h{'re Castle Howell, in honour of the mythi- lidence. In 1818 Dr. John Strachan, rectAr

LAND
IARKS OF TOROK TO

29

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S. -

:BISHOP STRACHAK'S )IAN'S.lON.

of St. Jame&' chluch and :or.aster of the DiS' 1 put up but the ma.teria.lwas ùr()ught nom
iric1; Gramm.a.r aebool. built in.. large ya.rd Kin;1:atún or Montreal. The year after the
ai wbat 1. now No. 130 Front street, a resi- build.ing of the bouse and jU5lt as the family
deDce of ca.paciou>> dimensions, with exten. was nicely settled in it J. mes StrachaD) a.
.ive and .:omplete appurtenances. It i. a I book-s6H2r, (If AberdeelJ, and a brother of
t-.vo'liitorey bu
ing with a góloble. faciu6!: the the docter, paid him'ft visit. James had not
Bouth, and ia not unlik
the Gr
ge in gen- ilel'!n h
a broth
r since one da.y twenty years
eral design, b\Ü differs with thai atru.cture before, when he se
out with a slender purse
in that n.o addhions to it haV@!>Mnmade' l lfromScotlandtobecome8oschoolmaster
It remains now all when built.. The bricks in Canada.. One can easily conceive the
uied in th9
natrec
ion of th-e house were -.vorthy Scotchman'a astoni
hment as pa.ss-
manufactured 011. the .'Pot, and it ha.s the in
a:ong thi! rouih streets, past the
distmction of he.i:1
the irat
uildi.DJ1; I Bc80ttered iittle frame buildings of the town,
erected in
ork from bricks made here. with the memory of his brothe
s former
The bouse, with gardens and &I'ounds oe- pO'f'erty
n hia mind, he
lUddenlJ comes upon
cu{)ied the entire square, òon
on the' th. impo.m
facade of the new ma.nsion,
west by SimCOli street (old ('
ní!l street" I &urrounded b... its lar
e and handsome
Wellington street,(old Market street,) York I ground&. No Wonder he pa.uaea a.nd. "ra.ve]y
street and Front street, In 1833, the west addressing his brother, says, " 1 hope It's a'
or York street front wa.s sold, and Mr. J. l come by honestly, John I" On his return
G. Howard erected a wick villa for Mr. James Strachan published" A Visit to tbe
Thomas Mercer Jones, one of the Corn- \ .Province of Upper Ce,nada in 1819, OJ a book
missioners of the Canada Compan.. This now ...ery rare. and much sought after. 1)y
villa W80S occupied for yeaI1l by Ca-,p.t, I collectors. in this book,. speakilJg of the
Strachan, then by Mrs.. Skae) ar..,1i, was 1 society of York at the tIme, he say.

recently purcha
d by Mr. David Walker. It ., The society, both a.I it re
pect3 the ladles
istobetorndownduriugthenextfewmonths. and gentlemen, is very superior, .and such
Several briçk houses had previously been as few towns in England can furnISh. 'fhe

30

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

jndges, the Crown officers, the hea.ds of the
di1ferent depa.rtmenta, several profes.ional
gentlemen. mercha.nts and officers on hai.f-
PBY al1livin
with their families in the
greatest harmony, ca.nnot fail of rendeång
York exceedingly agreeable awl to .tra.ngers
intereMing." Dr. Bethune, who came to
York the same yea.r,
ell a .imi.la.r a.c-
count of the society of ihe town.
He says: (( There were .. few IiIC'I.
red
houøes or. King street as far up as the re.i-
àenc:e of the Lieut.-Governor, and O!l Fünt
street, at lonf( intervals. they rncked
nearly to the old #!:o,rrison. i"heu were
aJ.so a few on Dake, Y oage and Queen
tJtreetll. There were bat three brick
e<li1ìçes in the tQwn, a.nd, exclusive
of the military, the popula.tion was
a.t>out 1,200. Though inferior in size
and condition to maoy of our present vil-
lages Y ork
k a high ra.ek as to fiOci!Û po-
sition. From its being the seat of Goverlll-
ment the society was excellen
, ha..mg not
less thø.n twenty families of the highest re-
spectability, peno>>., of refinement and
many of hi
h inteUectual cnlture. To these
were added a swall sprinkling Df milita.ry.
For tbe size c,! the place there was a large
amount of hOilpitality exercised, and on a
handsome !!oDd bountiful sca.le." The three
brick housês of which Dr. Bethune speaks
all being the only ones of the kind in
town were Dr. Stracha.n'. house, the
buildiA
erected by Qcetton St, George
at the north-ellJl
corner of King s.nd
Frederick streets, now occupied by the
Canada Company, and the building directly
opposite em the south-e&.!t corner of the
same I!Itr"'s, afterward the firet Bank of
Upper Ca.na.da. Among the hoats of thai

y none was mo:-e lanah h. his hospitality Tbe .....e a.d Public BC'lDeliceDCes of "eKe
than Dr. Stra-ch&J:I. Not without interest; KetchDm who did much lor I!Ichools aDd
will be fouad .. sketch of the life of this ex. cbDrcbes fiD ToroD&o aDd BDtralo.
tn.ordinar)" divine, who liyed in tbe finest AmoD-i the ea.r
y se 40 tIen of Y ol\k was a
house in tiíe town, gave entertainments that quiet,8hrewd man ofavera.gestature,hornely
outahone those of the Lieutenant-Governor in apF.e&.rance and in manJif'r..$ who caQ]"e to
himaclf, rod.e ahoi1t in a
ra.nd coach with a the :nfant capita.l from B..1ffalo somewher

hemiBphecical top, and was at Clnce priast, about the beginning of the century to attend
'ioldil'r and diploma.tist. In stature he was to the affa.irs of an older brother who
aIightly under the mediunL height, with 11 had previously settled here and built
Milton-like he!l.d. John Strachan 'Wa.s born a. ta.nnery_ The n
me of the new
a.t Aberdeen, Scot1and, April 12, 1778. At comer was Jesse Ketchum, and
the age of nineteen be began his ca.reer as Q; fol' nearly half a century he was
tea.che.r at Kettle. With the l'xecutÍDn of one of the most prominent cit

Q
of the
Govprnor S:mcoe'l!I schE:me to have a
ram- placp. The Gautte of June 11th, 1803,
mar school in every district of the Province, speaks of the death of his father, Joseph
and a. ulli,'ersity at the l!I
at ot Government, Ketchum,&Soccurdtl
()ll W
dn
sday"Tul1e S.
:roun
Strachan was selected ab a teacher. at the advan<:ed a.ge of ð5 yea.'s, and men-
He a.ccf'pted. the offer and sailed from tioDIi the fact that tM "bl..rial of the rema.inll
Greenock in AURust, 1799. He fir8t went took place the fOLlowt:ng day. On his ar.
to Kmgtlton, where he studied divinity, I rival ht>re Jesse. a.ssumed the mana.i ement of
UIlder the Rev. Dr. Stuart, the rector of the I the tan
ery whwh wu located at th
sout.h.
town, and in the epring of 1803 was admit- I welt corne:' c.f N eWIi::II.te (now Adelalde) and

ted deacon. In the early summer of the
next yea.r he was consecrated pneat,
and appointed to the miasion at
Cornwall where he built up
famoul
.chool. He married Mrs. McGill. net Mi:;.
\V ood, one of the prettiest girl! in Corn-
wall, in 1807 In 1812, through the efforts
of Genera.l Brock, he wal!l transterred to York
to EUcceed Dr. Stuart. Ih a.rrived in AUg1Ut
of thd year, and preached his first lIermon
at t;he parish church before the legislature
on the war, In 1813 by hiø rflmonstrances
with Genera.l Dearborn' and his threats he
saYed York from being burned. At Yark
he established the famous District Grammar
SchooL In 1818 he was ::.ppointeã member
of the Eucutive and Legil\1a.tive councilB,
remainir,
in the former until 1836, and in
the. latter until 1841. To hi. ex.
ertions are due the el!ltabl
hment of t;he
UniYerliiityof Toronto and of Upper Canada
College. He laid the cc!'ner stone of Trinity
College. When the diocese of Quebec Fa..
divided iL 1839, thp. HonClur..bltl dnd
Right Jtenrend John Stra.chan, D.D.,
LL. D., was made first bishop 0.1 the See
of Toronto and was consecla.ted by the
A!'chbishop of Canterbury. He died ai his
Front street house, Noyember 1, 1867. The
pa.ll bearers a.t his fun era! were all old
pupilll of his York Bchool. They were
Ven. Archdea.con Fuller, Rev. Dr. W. Mac-
Murray, Vice-Chancellor Spragge, F. .6:.
Heward, William Gamhle and John Ridoù1;.
He lies buried in the chancel of St. Jjlrmell'
Cathedra.l, a great monument to a. grea.t man.

CHAPTER XVI.
THE CHILDREN'S FRI-END.

LAND
[ARKS OF TORONTO.

31

Y onge streets. It strttched a.long the 80uth I taining to secular educAtion and religio1U
Bide of the former street nearly over to Bay imltruction, and to his genMOßity is due the
street, and along the Wf"l!t side of Y onge ia.ct that the quadrilateral bounded by
Btceet almost down to King: were r!longed I Queen, Ad
la.ide. Y ong
and Bay streets b
hiRh stacks of hemlock bark. He owned the filled to a. I emarkable degree with churches
property up to Qu.een street, beyond which and reJi
ious and educ'}.tioDa
inatitunona.
stretched the woods. Acrolsfrom his ta.nnery, HOiJpita.l street, now Richmond street
which stood on thø a. w. corner of Newgate I pL'!sed through his land and
opened and
a.nd Y on
e, he built a residence, a. mansion namf'd Temperance atreet. the Bible al!d
in those da.vs of York. It wa..3 a large frame Tract Society obtained ita house ou Y onge
building, painted white, aDd .tood at the strëet from him on condition that it ahoutd
north-west corner of Y onge and Adelaide I dÍ!1 ribute books to th8 amount of the iT ouud
streeUl. The illulltra.tiön, represents it rettt in the Public schools every yea..", an
very a.oourately. Dr. Sca.dding describes it agl'Ceme-ltt which is still faithfully canied

a dwelling in the Amer-can style, with 80 1 out by the society, which also secured
square turret hearing a railing rising out of the ground rent of an adjoin.
the ridge of the r!,ot. Per. haps Jesse Ket- ing building under t
e proyilo that
chum may be credited as belDg the firat one books should be given to Sunda1

!:<

...<=-.,..,-,....,-
-- ---
.
..---
---

-------
- ----

JESSE KETCHUM'S HOUSH.
to introduce sidewalks into the embryo city. I schools in lit similar manner. fIe gBo\ 8 a
The streets were in a deplorable condition site for a temperance hali, 0.1so several
lot certain seasons of the year on account of acres for a children's park at Y orkville, a.ud
the mud; Yonge stteet was particularly bad, this Public sehool on th<;! Davenport road, a
and it was with the greatest difficulty that I little way from Yong!# street, now bea.r. the
loach could be drawn along it. The sidewalks name of 51 The Jesðe Ketchum School."
which ME. Ketchum llIoid out were of tan The grounà is named thE'; Jesle Ketchum
bark, clean and dry. The exact date of the Park. k 1820 among the con
ributions to
buildipg of his house is not known, but it I lit eommon school was :Mr. Ketchum's sub-
was probably in 1813 or 1814. It was de- scription, unus-:Ially large for that time, of
stroyed about 1838 or 1839 and the lr.nd cut $100. Other subacriptions WHe: Jordan
up into building lots. Th
houae did not I Post, ;1;17 6:;; 3d; Philip Klinger, ;1;2 lOs,
come down to the corner, but stood a. little a.nd La.rdner BostwicK, ;1;2 103. From
distance back from bQth streets; abo
t it, tht:se llll.mt:s it would appear that not a1l
was a cluster of outhouses. In the I the York pioneera were of English or Scotch
early days of York Jesse Ketchum extraction. In April 1822 Mr. Ketchum'.
was one of the most libera.l of its ' name is down fOl' a. subscription to
citizens. eJpecially in all matteR per- build a bridge over the Don to COllt

32

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

325. At the annual town meeting beneficence of Jesse Ketchum.. Painted OD
gf 1806 he was appointed one of ibe over- the wall d his taml
1 y used to be lit
aeelS of hi.l:thwa
and fence viewers. 1n sign that ther.e was plenty to eat fo.r men
1800 Y onge street' did not extend down to and bea.st, bui aøthing to
a8te. In Buff.Jg
the bay, but stopped at Queen sU'eet. the .lease gave a h.l'
donation i.u land a.nd
land so
ot this to the water's edge being money for Ecl1ools. The ma
cence of his
tlimply Y8.cant lots. When Yonge street i!itt may be inferred from ,he fact that thero
w&s cut tbrougb, a street further to the are now in Buûalo wel.. Jeli8e Ketchum
e&8tward was closed and tbe ownen of the public schoab IiIIld that a sum of mosey IS
land recei
d proportiona.te pieces of it fer set apart fer the annual distribution of gold
the ground tak
n fio layout Y onfe street, meda.ls in these sehools forever. The medals
and in 1818 the' names of Je
se Ketchum, are of coin gold, valued ai twenty
WiJìiam Bowkett, Jamel Miles and dollars ea.ch. On one side they bea.r the
William Richardøon, appeared all be- name of the prize winner and for
in
entitled to such di.wons of what awaràed and on the other a medallion
the closed thoroughfare. On the east Mr. of Jesse Ketchum. In the possession
Ketchum'ø property was bounded by what of the family is a picture showing all theso
wall fQ.rmtrly called Upp,er _Ge9r"e street. schools with a portrait of Mr. Ketchum in
Mr. Ketchum walt a pew - holder the centre, It seemed as though the more
in St. James' church. He ,,""s a house- Mr. Ketchum acquired the more be gave
holder, and continued to reside bere until away. What he did give laway in
h. returned to Buffllolo in 1845. One of hiB Toronto, Buffa.lo and other towns, if esti-
daughters married Colonel E. W. Thomson. mated at its value to-day. would reach an
She died in 1833, leaving one son called Jt!l!se. enormous sum. Nf'ar O
angevil1e he '{aYe
In Buffalo, as 1D Toronto, Mr. Ketchum away a large plot, intending it for a sa1,or's
"as known for his
rea' and practi- home. \Vhwn be gave up businpss
cal inter.át in schools and for his generous he established all his old employes in profit-
gifts, which won him there the affection lite able pursuits. and during his management
ti.tl
of "Father Ketchum." His brothers of the tannery, whenever a man married he
Senðca. and Oliver were also charitably dis- almost invariably gave hIm a plot
posed. JeBse Ketchum ca.me of \Velsh ori
jn, of groand on which to build a house and
three brothers coming toAmericain the 18th sometimes furnished him with money
o
century and settliDg in New York State. erect the building. Mr. Kf>tchum was a
The eldest brother VIal!! Seneca, who ca.me to I great churchman and als() a great temper-
Toronto in the early part of this century ance man. His elder brother Seneca W&f;
and esta
lished a tannery on Y o.cge street. also. The latter u
ed to
o about the
Jesse, the aecond son, after "horn the I country distributiDg Bibles and giving away
lIecond son of each family hail bêen named, plots of ground for chapels and churches.
on t,he death of his father was placed on a Heneca acquired a la.rge plot of ground near
farm in New York State. The family was Orangeviile, which at his death fell into the
a lan
e one, and at the death of Je':!se Ket- possession of Jesse, who turned it over to
chum, senior, it was Rcattered. Young his aon Jesse, known in Toronto as Jesse
Jesse remained on the farm until he was the your.ger. A part of it turned out to be
quite a. lad. Tben on account of the harsh very va.luable. The best part of Orange-
treatment of bis employers, pa.rticularly hfs ville is built on it now. Jel:>se had two 80ns.
mistress, he ran away Rnd joined his elder Jel!se, known as " Jesse the younger" and
brother Seneea at York, who then William who was elected to the Dominion
conducted the tannery, the manage- parliament, and who "'i
S celebrated in his
ment of which Jesse assumed after a. time for being the handsomest man in To-
time on account of his brother's religious ronto. William died in middle age. Jesse
aberration of mind. Jesse's family was a jr., married a.nù lived for quite a long'ime
very large one a.nd members of it a.re now on his property at Ora.ngeville, leaving a
intennarried withtheWarrens,of Rocbester, large family, nearly all of whom sUl"Tive.
and the A
ms, of Massachutletts, the lat, Am
ng other possessions of the Senior JessA
terof which families has gi'Ycn two presidents WitS a large tract of land where the town of
'0 the -Unitëct--
tates: Iõ-1843 Miss Sher- Port Credit now stands. In l1uffalo he had
bourne, only child of Mr Ketchl'm's sister- a. fine residence, in .whic
he lived up to h
s
in-law. married the Ba.ron De Fleur. death, and whlCh IS now OCCUpl-
.lu.K.nox church, to which Mr. Jesse Ketchum ed by members of the family on
gave the land, and in large part built, there North street, probably the most fashionable
is a tablet with an inscription reading to street III that city. A great many àeacend-
the effect that it WbS erected in loving ants of the hrothers of Jt'''se "OW Ii"", .in tbe
acknowledgment of the Christian lite and United States. TbeRev. Dr. W. H. Withrow

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

has written aver}' inter r sting memorial of
Jesse Ketchum, fl'om which some excerpts
are taken, also quoting Dr, John Carroll in
the same con1\t'ction, the latter of whom
say>! that the first dollar he eve!' earned was
p ;id to him by Mr. Ketchum S.or plantiing
p'Jta.roe. where Knox church now stn'lòs.
Dr. \V J throw says: .. One of my earliest
r{'collections is oi a silvery-haired
oM gentleman who Bsed to visit the
Sunday schooh! of 1'oronto. \Ve all knew
what to expect whf'n he appeared. In the
firsi place we received some kind and
fatherly words of counsel and encourage-
ment, the burden of which was: Be good,
he true, be hOllE'st, be brave I Then from
the cRpacious pockets of his overcoat he
would produce a number of instructi,oe and
interesiÏnj;{ books which he loved to dis-
tl'Íbute with his own hands to the eager-
eyed boys and girls. The Christmas holi-
days of hundreds of boys and girls in bot.h
::ouDtrifs are gladdened by the {;!;ift of
Christmas books, for the distribution of
which fort'ver provision was made in the
last will Bnd testament of this man. His
own .:hildhood was poor and ne{;!;lected,
fulJ of toil and Borrow, and he knew how to

vmpathir;e with the
orrows of chiJdhood.
and he loveå to add to their innocent joys."
There is distributed a large amount, some-
times a thousand dollars, in reward books
among the Sunday School scholars of this
city, the result of JCfFe Ketchum's bounty.
It is h..rd to conceive of Y onRe streè't,
with ite bustling crowds of peop:e, a,> it once
was. a narrow road running through a. pine
clearing in which stood blackened stumps.
Yet this was its a.-pect when Je8se Ketchum,
a poor homeless boy, landed trom a
little ßcbooner on the pebbly beach,
and trudwd on foot through the mud to
'ieek a borne with his elder brother on Y onge
street, and in course of time the penniless
boy became th0 owner of the whole block
hounded by Adelaide, Queen, Y onge and
Bay streets. At the south-east corner of
this block
i:A??d his house, a. large, square
wooden bUlldmg, a. very grand one in it.s
day. In the rear was the old ramblina tan-
D!:;ry, with its rows of deep tan vats "'filled
with a dark-brown liquid, 100kiIl
like tre-
mendously strong tea, and its mounds of
reù brown lea-the!' tan bark, which was such
capital stuff fol' the boys to jump and play
upon, I1nd the stack.. of hemlock bark alld
the quaint mill where the p'J.tient
roìU horse went round and round
ibe livelo:ug day, p-rinJing the
bark and the not very savoury piles of hides
'1.00 row II of cUlTier's blocks. In tha.t block
tlaere were Îoar years ago six churches and

33

a temperance hall in which Jesse Ketchum
gave largely in land and money."
Mr. Ketchum was born M SDencetowa.
New Yo"k State, In lï82, His motm>r died
early. The father lived to a
r..t a.ge
Je1'se'.
boyhood was a particularly hard one. He
was put out tû live with a couple from whom
he suffered much from the capricious
mpe!'
of his mistress. Mr. Ketchum u
d to æn
how once, boy-like,he had hrgotten his n

coat in tlJ.e field; his mistress fou:.d
it and tore it all to !>breds and then
threw it on a bush. Afterward she picked
It up a.nd showed it to him, alleging th&t
through his carelessness the hojits ha.d t-orn
it to piece!\. Jesse was sixteen years old when
he ran away in a state of complete destitu-
tion to seek a refu
e with his elder brother.
Seneca. in York. Seneca at that time was
m:maging a farm and small tannery OD
Y ongelstreet"a little south of HoggsHollow.
His education was defective, but he did
what he could for his own improvement.
and long ..iter he was the faÞber of a. fami1y
he gave a. schoolmaster free qua.rtel"8 tu
"each him grammar, arithmetic and hand-
writing. At eighteen years of agE' he was
married. About the time of the war betweeD
the United States and Great Britain &J1
America.n by the name of Van Zandt aold
his property at the corner of Yonce street
and Adelaide-then :Newgate street-and
Jesse Ketchum and his wife seized the op-
portunity to establish themse]vt's in the
t",nnery businus there. Of his religious liff'
Dr. Carroll says that he was always a
church-going man, and had always
family prayer in his hOlise twice a
day, At first his fami.ly held a
pew in the English church, but when
the l\1ethorli::;ts opened a meetmg house in
1818 the i.inerant prf'r..chers were frequent
gUrsts &t Mr Ketchum's house. Mrll.
Ketchum, however, was a Presbyterian, and
her husba.nd came to have proëìivities thai
way himself. About 1820 the late ReY.
J ames Harri
, then a youn
Presbyteria.n
ministel' flom the north of Ireland, came
here and Mr. Ketchum gave him free
quarters for many years. till at len
h
Mr. Harris married Mr. Ketcbum's second
daughter, when he was given a house
as well as a housekeeper. \Vheu the
first Sunday school in Ý ork was organ-
ized by the R0V. Mr. Osgoode
in November, 1818, in the newly-built
Methodist chapel, !.II', Ketchum was one
of the teachers, alonR with Messrs. Patrick
Morrison anJ Carfrae and he was its )p'flst
liberal patron. The first Bible Dr_ With-
row ever owned was inscribed with his
name and when the
chool chi.ldren went to
Mr. Ketchum's kitchen fur their first exami-

34

LAND.MARKS OF TORONTO.

natIOn the ladies of the house
ave them
tea, without doubt the finlt Sunday school
party ever held in York. In 1843 he re-
turned to Buffalo, where he gave a plot of

round worth $20,000 for a normal school
a.nd se<';ured an annual donation of $300
worth of books to the children of the city.
ThiH public benefactor died at Buffalo Sep-
t
mber 7, 1867, in the 85th year of his age,
mourned by thousands of children.

CHAPTER XVII.
UNIVERSITIES OLD AND NEW.

'1be Rllliory .t tile Great Canadian
eat 01
(,ea1"olng-ProJeded In the Early Days of
'YfJrll:.
Bnildill
8 ha.ve their vicissitudes as well
as men, but was ever design of builders
more complett.ly thwartetl than that an
edifice intended for the home of the muses
ahould become an &8y:um for tåe insane,
and instead. oÏ the smooth Howing-
measures of Homer a.nd Virgil should
lesound with the cries and wailin,!!s I
of mad women. As early 80S 1791
a.nd before Governor Simcoe had
left En
land to take charge of his newly
created Canadian province he suggested to
Sir Joseph Banks, president of the Royal
Society, tne desirability of "a college of a.
hiRher class" in the co]<.,ny. Of course at
that time IiciUcely any studtonts could ha.ve
been found to attend the colleg-e if it had
blen establi
hed, but something of pmvision
was made for its existence at a. future day
by the grant for 8uch a purpo8e of a Iarg"
portion of public land. In 1819 Gourlay
.hought the province still un prep Ired for a
college, but s11,2'g
steà that batches of
twenty five students shoulù be annually
!;ent from Upper Canada to the EngliE'h
Universities, and supported there at the
public expense. An dab'rate moùel of a
grea t ed ucational Ï:J.stitution was preparet1,
but when the time C&me to establish the
U niv"l sity of Toronto it was rejeded, and
the work of drawing up a new plan was
given to Mr. Young, a local architect who
followed the style of architecture of which
Girard CoIle!{{', Phila.deIphi
, is a type.
On April 23, 1842, the corner-stone wa.s laid
wi' h aU ceremony. The greatest proce
sion
which had ever been witnes"ed in Upper
Ca.nada marched up the avenue to the site
of the new University build in,; in Que\:m's
Park, occnpyi g part of the ground on
wb:ch the nlW Parliament buildings are now
bting erected. The so
diers of the 43rd
Regiment bearin
arms lined the route
of . the proce
sion. The Chancellor,
ir
Chf\rles Ba.got, the UovHnor-Gt"neral of
the time and brother of the thp.n Bishop of

Oxford, Mcomp<\nied by the officers of the
University and his suite, took their p]a
"1
in a pavilion f:rected for the pUl pose, cloge
to the north-east corner wheI"fl the stone
was to be laid. Frontin
this was a.D.
amphithea.tre of seats filled with Ia.dics
And between the pavilion and the amphi-
thea.tre the crowd stood. In Curiae CCk.na-
de11.8es is the following description of the
scene :-" rfhe vast procession opened its
ranks and his Excellency the Cha.ncellor
with the President, the Lo:,d Bi3bop of To-
ronto OD his right and the senim' visitor, the
Chief Justice on his left, proceeded on foot
through the College avenue to the University
grounds. The ccuntle:!lS array moved for-
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THE OLD UYIVERSITY.
ward to the sound. of milita.ry music. The
sun shone out with cloudl(ss meridian splen-
dour, one blll.z
of banners Hush.
ed upon the admiring eye. The
Govel'llûr's rich Lord-Lieutenant.s dress,
the Bishop's sacerdotal robes, the
i ndicial e\ mine of the Chief Justice, the

LAND\IARKS OF TORONTO

35

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

.plendid conyocation robes of Dr. McCaul, great beauty and variety. The east froni
the gorgeous uniform'J of the fluite, the ac- !s
wo hundred and sixty feet long. In
coutrements of the numerous firemen, the It IS a separate entrance SUI mounted by
national badges worn by the office-bearera a smaller pointed tower, '1 he west end
of the different societies, and whAt, on such is two hundred feet lonl{. The entrance
a day-St. George's-must not be omitted, I hall and grand stair
ase are of beautiful
the red crosses on the breasts of England's proportions and finished with great ela' ora.
congregated sons, the grave habiliments of
tion of detail. 'lhere is much fine carving
the clergy and lawyera anrl the glancing , throug-hout.
lances and waving plumes of the First In- I On the evenin
of February 14th, 1890,
corporated Dragoons, all formed one moving , occurred the disa3trous fire by which the
picture úf ciyic pomp, one glorious spectacle I whole of the University, wth the exception
which can never be remembered but with ' of the Physical Science Department, W&8
satisfaction by those who had the !.:ood f.,r- destJ'oyed. \Vhen morning broke on Feb-
tune to witness It," Only a part ot one of ruary 15th, the priceless library of nearly
the buildings of the plan waS eyer erected. I 35,000 volumes, contaillin
not only many
It is shown in the illustration, and is only a I rare editions of j{eneral works, hut also
wing, the intention having Leen to extend I many documents in connection with Cana-
the building several hundred feet to the west- ' dian history, was a thing of the past. The
ward. The WlD
had a fronta
e of from! cause of tÌ1e fire
as never fully explained..
sixty to seventy-five feet. It was 'Owing to the scarcity ot water little could
built of beautiful white cut stone. I t I be done to arrest the flames.
is being torn down aH the new I ,
Parliament buildings ErO up a.nd the I
material is used in their construction. I CHAPTER XVII.
TiÜt> building was not long use I as 8.n
educational establishment j indeed about! THE OLD GLOBE OFFICE.
1856, and for SOme few years afterwards, it ebe Brick Building Recently Torn nonn
was converted into a branch of thtJ Provin-, nt the South.",...!!1 .'orner of Kin:: and
cial Lunatic Asylum. i .Jtlrdan SIN.cls.
Bui:t in 1857, the pr.sent University,! \Vhere the Canadian Bank of Commerce
situa.ted on an elevation to the west of the I has now erected its splendid strncture of
rayine in Queen's Park, is the crowning: brown stone on the south-west corner of
architectural {!lor}' of Toronto, rivalled only: King and Jordan streets, formerly stood the
in Canada by the Parliament Buildings at : first church of the Wesllryan ],) ethodists in
Uttawa, and probfl.bly equalling in magni- : Toron,o, It was t.he first building erected
ficence of effect any educational institution; on the spot, and ol'lginally was a low wooden
on the continent,. They are of free stone in ' chapel forty feet square facing north and
the Norman style of 801 chitecture, and were 1 standing (\ little way back f, om the street.
designed by Cumberland & StOl'm, Toronto, I It was built by Mr. Petch. On each
ide of
architects. There is a general resE'lllblnnce the buildin
at
he gable end facing King
in style to the English colleges of the middle street was a door. 'l hrough one the men
ages The stone is for the greater part in entered and through the .o,tl!er
the rough, and although finished only thirty I the women. The Same divIsion
years ago, the buildings already wear a of sexes was observcd within. the
venerable aspect. Site and structure com- ! pews on ,ne side being set apart for men and
bine most harmoniously to i:nprel!s the: on the other f?r
omen, precise Iv as is the
beholder at the same time with a sense of I custom now lD Hebrew synagogues, The
solidity and grace. Upon the comple.ion I Methodist body soon grew too large for
he
of I he work, presiden, professors and, church and it was enlarged
o 60 feet in
studentB migrated in a body from the Parlia- 'length, the frontage rem ining the same.
ment buildinis, on Front street, which they' In 1833 the Methodii!ts gave it up for reli-
had temporarily occupied tor senral years g ous purposes and as so frequently befalls
'J he princip II front of the new University an a.bandoned church it was converted into
faces the south, and is 100 yards in length. , a place of amuøement nnder the higb sonnd-
The general outline iB nearly in the form I int" title of the Theatre Roya!. Theatrical
of a square with an internal qnadrangle I representations were given here for several
about two hundred feet wide facing the, years, and then about 1837, Angus Dallas
north and open to the park. In the ce:J.tre ' bought the property and erected on it the
is i maslilin tower one hundred and twenty three-storey brick building shown in the ac-
feet high, which adds much to the com- companyin
cut, which was recently torn
manding appearance of the pile and from down to make way tor the building recently
the top of which ie disdolled a prospect of completed.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

37

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THE OLD "GLOBE It OFFICE REMODELLED.

Here Mr. D"llas carried on a wooden wa.re have since made their name famou. in 'he
business. For quite a number of years part world. Erastus tV iman, "T m. Edward..
of the building was occupied by the agency and Charles J. Haroourt were reporters.
of the Commercial Bank, of which the late C'. \Y I untinj;!' was an employe in tbe com-
Mr. Charle
S. Ross was manager. Mr. Dallas posi
room, and at a later date torem&n.
transferred
hc properry in 1850 to George I Provincial Librarian Hp\1ston wa.s a.nother
Brown. of th
Globe, and a portion or it was r-,porter and Gordon and G
orRe Brown were
occupied by that journal as itil first office, ju
t be
inning their journalistic careers.
A fiibht of steps led up throu
h three heavy J fhe compûsÍ1J
room was on the second floor
stone arched entra.nces into a lobby r.bout I and on the third floor were the editorial
eight ieet broad, from which the stores and rooms, In the Crimean war, before
d'fices opened. About twenty yeMs a; ' \ the era of the Atla.ntic cable, the
the Ïront of the building was remodellei and paper had a great sale on the days when
ginn the appearance shown in the I!ccond I tl:e Europ"an mail arrived. Mr. Houston
picture. The Globe occupIed the westerly W&S a reporter on the paper at the time
side of the building a.s a business office. its of the comp'etion of the cable. There W80S
pr-ess room being in a brick addition at a general llection in England, and he by a
the rear of the building. At one time a I shrewd scheme was the 111 st to get the
p \rt of the building was occupied by the results from the Wires, and thereby enabled
Farmers' & .Mercha.nts' Bank, whIch sub I to get out a special edition. When !-he
sequently closed its doors. The staff Globe moved into it;! pr
sent office on Km

ot the Globe then included many men who street the lower parI; of ,he building was

38

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

divided into shops anti occupied by Wm.
Wharin, the jeweller', David Wilson, the
bGOt maker, and the centre eftice in 1866
was the buainc
a office pf the old Daily
Telegraph in Rober
.n & Cook'l'! time, Since
$.bat time up to its demolition the bu-ild-ïng
was used fo:- soop
. At one time there was
a cigar store in tbe western part
of the buildiDg. It was a
reat lounging
plllc8 for the officers of the regulllor

roops stationed here and one of them W&.8
,.rrested one day for having jocularly riddPD

horhe into the shop. That was whf'n
tbe 13th Hussars werp. in '1oronto and the
fJ01J. of the officer is now one of the best
'kno""n men around town. At one time in

ts eariy history a part of the building was

CDpied by the late Dr. Barclay as a private
Fesidence. The illustrations show the
building a.s it was or;2:Ïnally and af
r it
wa.. re-modelled.

CHAPTER XIX.
A SKETCH OF THE GRANGE.

'J'he Fine'JIt SpeC'imrn flf .lIe IIOIl8f" Arrhltec-
ture of Work 110"- the Rr'iidence 01 Pro-
feasor Goldwin Smith.
At the head of John street, 100kiI'lg down
to Queen street, surrounded by spacious
grounds, stands one of thOile low, roumy
nouses which afto: d the best type of a 2:en-
tIeman's residence. It is a solid, substantial
two-storey structure of brick, wi h win
s at
tbe weat and a conservatory extension at
the east. A columned porch and a ga.ble
with an æil de bæuf window at the
aouth relieve the main part of the house
from the I'!evere simplicity which the facade
would otherwise prescnt. The general as-
pect is that of an Engìish mansion, which
evidently furnished the model. This is " The
Grange," one of the fine,t places lI.nù one of
the best known houses in the city, The
main buildin{! was erected about 1820 Ly
D'Arcy Boulton, eldest son of Justice Boul-
tOll. Justice Boulton lived in the house, and
his three-cornered hat, made by" Rogers,
York." still hangs in the hall. A
wing and the consenatory are later ad.
ditions. The Grange {!ate, now crowded
back to the head of John street, was
originally on Que2n street and the house
was reached by a sweeping drive through
the ('rounds beginning at the east side ot

lcCaul street. Justice Boulton was a great
lover of horses. He drove a pretentious
phaeton, and his team, Bonaparte and Jeffer-
son, were the crack pair of the day in York. Or
tlli.,se two horses a "ery curious story is told.
Bears were common about the town in its
ea.rly days, and it is said that Bay street
was originally ramed Bf'ar street f om the

fact that a. bea.r was once chased down i
to
the water. In 1809 Lieutenant F"wcgtt of
the lOOth Regiment came upon a 1&1"2'e bear
in Yon2;e street amI cut the animal's bead
open VI ith his sword. It is related that a
large bea.r once strayed upon the Grange
pa
re a Httie to the west of th" hou.se.
.Ronaparte and Jefferson saw tire
monster and at once attacked
bruin by plunging at him with
their fore feet. The Grange is probably the
finest specimen of the be
inning of th
briok
era at York, and as 1;uch is particularly in-
teresting, although rendered additionally 80
from its associa.tions. From its erection up
to the present time it has always pla.yed an
important pa.rt in the social life ot York and
Toronto, and man:f are the tales its walls
c
uld tell of balls and routs and dinner
parties, of fair women and notable men.
Lorà Elgin, when Governor-General of
Canada, was the guest there 0: Willia:n
Henry Boulton, who was Mayor of Toronto
at the time.
Ir. Clftrke Gamble, who
breakh..sted with Lord E ,
in on this occa-
sion, was greatly impressed by the Earl, and
he describcs him as a man out oÎ ten thou-
sand, This is a hIstorical association with d]e
'buildin'!:, memurable from the great public
sel"vices of L }rd Elgin af[er"ard in China
and India. .rhe Boultons were very hos-
pita.ble peop!e and
nterta.ined largely.
D' Arcy Boulton was a gentlema.n of poli
hed
manners, and his father, the Justice, was a
type of the old school Enp;1ish S!;entieman.
D'Arcy Wl/S one of th tÌrst men called t()
the Bar in Upper Canaaa, but he abandoned
the law for commercial pursuits, and at
length re
ired, leaving his business in the
hanùs of \V m. .Proudfoot. As was almost
invariably thc custom in those days. the
GranJ1;e was built in the centre of a hundred-
acre p9.rk lot. 1\11'. Boulton named it the
Grange on its completion after a fa.m-
ily estate in England, and it bas
since borne the name. Mr. Boulton lived
at the Gran2:e until hi,,> death in 1844, after
which his widow continued her residonce
there with her eld
st son, VYïlliam Henry
Boulton. The w:dow of the laueI' married
Professor Goldwin Smith, who lives there
noW. The artist's sketch gives a good view
of the front of thp house from the south.
Crc>ssin{! the threshold one enters a square
hall, at the right of which aJ:e the two draw,
in
-rooms and at the !eft tl.!..e d_I!l
K,rooP1.
All these rooms are finished In black walnut,
as \, ere most of the gentlemen's residence!> of
the day. At the west of the bouse proper i.
a -lar!;e lìbrary, recently built in toe place
ûf Mr. Bonlton's grape!y, where now is
storetl the library oÎ Professor SmIth.
During Mr. Boulton"s time the Grange

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39

LAND
IA.RKS OF TORONTO.

WM one of the chiet centres of the
Family Compact. It is related that an
Þ-Ildia.n once entered the bedroom
of 'Mre.. D'Arey Boulton, Itlld with the
exclamation" My pretty squaw," patted
her on the cheek and walked out. Au Eog-
Uab officer once lost his way in the thick
woods aboui the house, and at-
traded by the smoke from the chim-
ney, sought shelter and was hospitably
entertained. In the rf'ar of the house
there used to be a ra.ce track reach-
inp; up to College avenue. Part of the stand
for spectators is stiH !!'tanding. . The big
elm trees in front of the house were planted
by the Hon. Willia.m Cayley. Near by i;; a
young tree which was pla.nted by Lord
Lansdowne. The hall, with its polished
oak floor and antique furniture, is one of
Ù1e most ir.teresting features ot the
house. Here are some fine wood carv-
in
s over two centuries old. This hall
'\\-as de"iined by the Hon. Wm. Cayley.
Everything about the house is kep
as nearly
as possibl
as it originally was. In the
windoVl's are the small panel! of glass put
in when the house was built. All the
wood-work except the floor.> of the ground
floor is of the most sub'3tantial black wai-
nut In the dinine- room are fine cabinets
and sideboard.s filled with old china aud cut
glaas. Here il! Olle of the wine glasses of Gov-
ernor Simcoe,first Governor of Upper Canada.
As its ba,>e is a little round
knob 80 that it ca.nnot be set down,
and pre
ludes all possibility of heel
taps. At his recent visit to Toronto
Lord L'\Dsdowne drank the Queen's hea th
from it. Before his departu:-e Lord La.ns-
downe presented Protessor Smith with a
portrait of L0rd Shelbourne, which han
s
on the waU. The dining-room is small and
does not comfortably seat more than four-
teen persons, 80 that much that has b
en
Sald about the convivialities of the Family
Compact gatherings there are prob\bly
exap;gerations. Ran'{ed on the walls
are 13 p::Jrtrrits of celebrities in Enalish
history painted by G. E. Sintzenick from
the originals. The pictures and the
possessor.:; of the originals are the Earl of
Essex, owned by the Duke of Sutherland.
L
rd Fairfax, Veut. -Col. F.lirfax, Sir
John Eliot, E'l.rl of S
. Germa.illiJ,
John Hampden, Ea.rl of St. Germ1.ins,
Si. Henry Valle, :British Mns2um,
Geneml :Flee[wood, the Misse'ò Fieetwood.,
Andrew MarvE:l, British Mu.,eum. Admiral
Blake,
,adham Collee-e, Oxford, R. Baxter,
})
. Wdhamt'l, John Bunyan, Mrs, 0 ive,
Milton a,nd pYIll. There is a picture of
C:'omwell, th. oriv.inal of which is
in the Pitti palace, having b:>en
ent

as a. present by Cromwell himself to the
Grand Duke of Tuscmy. The late .Mr.
Fai
x told the copyist that the paintinir ot
his ancestor, Lord Fairfa.x, is the only ope
in existence taken from life. Lord Fa.irfax In
Yorkshire. was familiarly known as Ie Black
Tom." The wound which he received 1m
the chin at the battle of Edgehill is shown tn-
the painting. The picture of Sir John Eliot
differs v
ry much with the one for whicl1 'þo
sat during his last imprisonment in the
town of London, which is too painful
to be cop red. The portraIt of Sir
J o
n Eliot's friend Hampden is mentioned
in Lord Nugent's memorial of Hampden J
as presented to the family, in whose p01501
sion it now is, by the Bon of Sir J ohn T
U
t;.
Macaulav remarks of it that it i8 probably
the only reliable portrait in existence qf
Hampden. Baxter's picture is the belt pi
the two known of him. It is the one t

most editions of me .. Saints' Rest."
Bunyan has only one original picture
from which all portraits of bim
arc taken. 011 the south wall of the diuiu

room hangs a large portrait of a Spa.nish
officer, painted hy Seba<;tian Mora. At th

head of the hall is a. somewhat rude bU8

of Sir Charles B3.p'ot, Governor-General of
Upper Canada, which is supposed to be the
first bm.t modelled in Canada. About th'!
house are pictu res of scenes around the resi.
dence of Professor Smith'!! father in Berks'
county, Eng., views ofEtona.nd Oxford, where
Professor Smith was educateå and a por.
trait of a lady member of the fami y who
danced at the famous ball a.t Brmsels on the
ni
ht befol'e the battle of Waterloo After
Pr\'fessor Smith's donation of his fine lib-
rary to Cornell Univel'sity he set to work to
make another collection of b30ks which is
now the finest private collp.ction
in the city. The most valua.ble
book 10 it is Tab
eaux Historiques in four
large volumes_ They contain illustrations
of scem's in th
French Revolution, with
descriptive articles accompanyin
them, and
the value of the work is that the volume.
were pubiilhed contemporaneously with the
Rovolution,

40

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

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RIDOUT'S :MANSION IN 1820.
CHAPTER XX. I conlpauy, Its nf'xt OccupJ,nt was Bishop
a-ORGE RIDOUT'S MANSION. Ch.lrles James St.-w..r
, ..ecúnd bishop 0,
Co Quebec, a man of samtly préseoce and
4 palaClal "øldeDt'e which lIan
by de- cnaractt>r, long a missionary in the southern

ret''' Into a hotel and then IUIO a wreh'h- I townships of Lower CanadJ. before his &0p-
ed teUf'IDt'M honle. poimment to the episcopate, B'shop
Up to the latt.er part of last year there Htewart bore a drikillg resembl!l.\)c
in
atiood on the west side of Dorset strf:et, a shape of head 80M facial expression to KinJ?:
building which was once a palatial mansion I George the 'fhiI d. The bishop's duties ca.lled
but which a.t the time of its demolition had him to a.ll paru of Canada, and he Í'>und it
become a dilapidated rookery with an un- desirable to haTe a. western diocesan
eavoury reputation. The building, which in York on his periodical visits to Upper
w.a.s frame, afterwa.rd stuCC( ed, was two I Canada. This, as an old djr
oi,ory oi 1834
stories in hei
ht. Its walls were reared say!', was" his residt'nce when in town,"
from a solid foundation planted on a slight In 1834 Capt. Phillp .tts, R. E., aiùe-de-
pr.ominence in the cen,re of a Ia.rge block camp to his Excellency, Sir John ColborD.e,
of beautifully wooded land covering I occupicd the dwelling. The next tenant '"'8
the entire space bounded by the Judge J oneL During his occupancy the hou!!e
westerly line of the Government was the Bcene d malty festivities and gay
liouse grounds. "'ellington, J oho and I pa.rties extensively pw.tronized by the then
King streets. The house was Luilt by the leaders of society. Dr. Boys, hurs, r of Kiap;'s
late George Ridout about 1820, and at that College, afterward occupif'd it. "l'his LrmWi
time it was con
idered a stately ma.nsion fit its hi",tory down to about thirty-five years of
for a. killg, with spacious rooms and exten- I the present time and marks th9 era when the
.ive outbuilding!!, the front door guarded by vicissitudes tÌlat tinaily bronght the former
a portico tha.t lent an air oî núuÜity to the beautiful pM.ce into 1ftCa.1 discepute fil'st be-
house L ven in its decay. After a. residence I gan to appear. SubM-quent to the year
ill the house of about ten yea.rs Mr. Ridout 1850-pel'b.ap
a year a.fter that date - it
dÏ!po.s
d of the propel ty to a h-ust and loan was pressed into the aenice of the city

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

41

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THE HOUSE IN 1887.

reKistrar, and while Samuel Sherwood occu- estate, Mr. Charles Bugg being the agent,
pied that position (he buildmg was his whE:n it bE-came the property of Ja.mes
residence. The officers of a regiment of Robertson & Co. , manufacturer
,underwhole
regulars station<"d at Toronto had their instFuctions the work of dt'IDolitioll was
quarters in the formel' palace of the bishop I r;arried out. In recent years the Lon-
I1nd the locality soon afterwa.rd acquired an don Houst' gained an unsavouryreputation
unenvia.ble u.otoriety as the resort of on account of the bad character of some of
clis.,oìute characters, On the regi- its inmates. Its location aDd commodiou8
went being ordéred home the build in" I rooms rendered it peculia.rly suitable for
was con..er[ed into a hotel beSJ.ring the tenf-ment pnrposes, and the apartments be-
.ame Ðf the London HouSt', a title which came the homes of thrittless tenants, who
c;ung to it up to the time of itg demolition. lived in such dense Equalor as frequently to
As
hotel it W'tS a decided failure and soon I call forth outbursts of indi
na.tion from the
closed its doors to tht-' tray
llißg public for city authorities. In 80 communication ad-
Jac.;: of patronage. In 'hili meantime its I drNserl to Mayor H,)wla.nd a. prominent
ownerl!hip had changed hands, and it \I as phy:áchn who had been cal1ed in to exam-
afterwarrli transferred to Mrs. Crawford. ine a ciÜJd which had died in
he wret..:hed
the widow ûf Lieut,.Govel'nor CraWf()rd' l place under I'IUSpiCKIUS circumstancea
About 1871 the late Mr. Bugg acquired a h te - ed th h "h tbed .f
twenty-one years' lea!!e of the premises. c. arac .
IZ
ouse
s a 0
The lelWle was np to about a year ago held I disease.' The IllustratIons represent she
by the trUStee:. of the dec! ased gentleman's building 80S it was in 1820 and in 1887.

42

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER XXI.
JONATHAN SCOTT'S HOUSE.

'I h.- home ora Work bu.ch.-r with II 8ke.ch
or nip.aln John M{'GIH- "'here the scout..
"'.-re pusted In the Mackenzie ('cbellion.
The iìlustration shows a house built about
tbe YC9.t' 1825 by J onatban Scott, a butcher
in the market on the east side of Y onge
street, a little above the Greeu Bush tavern
at what was later the corner of Y onge and
l\1cGill or Magill streets, on the site where
the Y. M. C. A. Luilding now stands.
The Y OI.ge street house shown in
tbe sketch for a time was
the only house of any size bÐtween tbe
Green Bush tavern and the Red Li.on hotel
at Y orkvilIe, Mr. :Scott used frequently to
cross the fields back of the Green Busb inn
for a near cut home, The bricks of which
the bouse was built were made from tbe
clay of the foundation. Mr. Scott was a
thorou
h Englishman, bon est and straight-
forward, and a man very much re:;pected.
It was in front of this house that one of the
pickets was killed at the outbreak of the
Mackenzie rebellion. Here on the day of
the march of the patriots in tuwn Sheriff
Jarvis was posted with a detachment of
riflemen. At this point some of the Jarvis
scouts flanked .Mackenzie's forces and com-
menced to fire at the pikemen. The first
volley killed a pikeman by the name of
Hender;;oll, from Sharon. Two men were
wounded, one in the arm and the other in
the foot. ::Mr. Charles Durand says that 011
the following morning, coming down into
town from Bloor street, he came upon the
dead body of Henderson still lying in the
roadway. Mr. Thomas Andel'son has given
the following intere!\ting account of the
occurrences of that December day, He
says: "I was working in a. building
at the north-east corner of Yonge and
Richmond Rtreets, where I conducted
a watch store. The rehels were to meet
over my store on the Monday beIore the
fight at Montgomery's, but tllere was a girl
hanyeù in front of the jail on Toronto street
that day, and there was such a crowd in
town that the arrang
m,nts fell through.
I knew that the rebels were out at Mout-

omery's, for I think mv brothel' John, who
kept a dry-goods store on Y onge street,
went out to join them on Monday night.
But bright and eady TuesJay mornÍlIE! I
started. 1 left my wife at our p ace and
took my double barrelled gun and walked
along up Y on
e street. Up near Jonathan
Scott's corner, McGill street.' I met. Sheriff
Jarvis coming down. 'Good morning, Ander-
son,' said the Sheriff, lonking closely
at the gun I waÞ' carrying". 'Good morninE!,

Sheriff: I answered, · it's a nice day.' I
passed on. He did not try to a.rrest: me,
althouU;h he knew where I was going. I had
a '({un'. . He had no arms and r woUIâ -have
fought 1 think before 1 could have been
kept from "toint" out to join tbe rebels.
\Vhen I got out to Montgomery's two or
three hundred rebels wert there, This was
on Tuesday and all that day the Reformers
from the township were comine: in. Some
rode in, some marched and a good many of
the farmers were drivEn in by Lheir young
sons, who took the waggons b:wk again.
That nigh t :IS you know we marched down
as far as M('Gill street a.nd then fell hac&{
when we could have chased Sheriff Jarvis'
men right back into the city. Things would
have been different if we had had a
leader. Poor Mackenzie meant well and
was hrave enough but he was 110 soldier. If
old Col. Van Egmond had been there that
night all the loya.lists in Toronto, and there
were not many just then, could not have
kept the city from us. But he wasn'(; there
and we missed our chance." Thomas Shep-
pard, who was in the front rank of the in-
vaders, tells the story thus :-" That
Tuesday ni
ht we made a sta.rt. Mackenzie
ordered us to m3.rch down Y onge street and
a.way we went. He led ue. I was in the
front rank along with Thomas Anderson
and his brother John. We stepped quietly
alone- unt,il we were coming out of tIle woods
at Jonathan Scott's corners. All at once
some Tories who were in the brick house there
with Sheriff Jarvis fired on us. I don't
know but th
y fired a.nother volley before
they ran. 1'hf'Y took the back track quick
enough, and if our fellows had only been
steady we would have taken the city that
niaht. I don't know what started our men
ru;'millg, but most of them made aff up

onge street as fast as the other fellows did
down to the town. For a while Eome of us
at the front stood our ground, and I was
firing away amon
the last of them. But
after three or four minutes of this work I

aid to myself, here, a handful of us can't
go down and capture Toronto, so we took
after the rebels, who were making for
Montgomery's again." \Vhen Jonathan
Scott's house was torn down seyel'al years
ago to make way for the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association a slIm of money was fOlmd
in the old building. Mr. Scott 1J0ught the
]and from Ca.pt. John MeGill, a soidier witli
a.n interesting history whose name is per-
petuated in .McGill street. Capt. McGill
was an officer in the Qu{;en's Ra.ngers, the
corpl! commanded by Lieut -Col. S mcoe,
afterward first Governor of Upper Cowa.da,
and with that corps he fought in the war of
the American Revolution. DUling tie

J 1\ND:\IARKS OF TORONTO.

43

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

!

:N ew Jersey campaign in 1779 he and Co I.
Simcoe were both taken prisoners and con-
fined in the county jail at Burlington. A
plan was devised for the Colonel's ef:cape,
Captain McGill volunteering to get
into his commanding officer's bed and im-
personate him while he malle his way
out. The attempt was frustrated bv the
breaking of a tals
key in the loék of
a door. For this act of devotion Co1. Simcoe
afterwa.rd offered the captain an annuity or
the office of quartermaster of cavalry, the
latter of which he accepted. In li93 he
was Commissioner of Swres for Upper Can-
ada, and in one of the first issues of the
Oracle he offers ten guinea. reward for the
discovery of the thie,'es who had stolen a
gl indstone from the King'. wharf at Nia-
gara. The next year he and Allan McNab
were &t Niagara advertising for carpenters
for the public build n
s to be erected at
York. In 1801 he is at York, and his name
i8 down for $16 among the list of subscrib-
ers fer thc improvement of Y onge street.
In the old records he is dubbed "the Hon-
ourable Capti4in McGill," and under this
title his name is found as one of the
committee appointed in 1803 with full
power and authority to apply the money
I ecei ved from subscriptions toward the
erection of the first church in York. This
was St. Jame:>. Na.turallyhe
was one of the
pew-holders in the church from its estab-
lishment and he was a regular attendant.
In the same year he advertises in the Oracte
as "agent for purchases" for pork and beef
to be supplÎed to the troops at York, King-
:ston, Fort George, Fort Chippewa Fort
Erie and Amherstburg. In 1805 h
is In-
spector-General of Provincial Partiament
accounts. In 1818 be is Rec'Jiver..General
and Auditor-General of iand patents. Cap-
tain McGill bot an early date became the
owner of the park lot, just east ot Y onge
street. On it near the southern edge of
the fore8t which stretched away to
the northward, he built a house which wa:s
standing in McGill square in 1870. For a long
time it was occupied by Mr. McCutcheon,
who in accordance with his uncle's will as-
sumed the name of McGill and became well
known as the Hou. Peter McGill. The
Metropolitan church and St. Michael's
Cathedral now stand on the park lot of
C.\ptain McGill, the former on what was
McGill square. Further north, running
east from Y onge street, is McGill street.

CHAPTER XXlI.
HARPER'S QUEEN ST. HOUSE.

A. DwelUn=r Oe
lIpled by S
v..ral Well.
Knoun .
Jer::YD"'D. and 8ub'if'quentlJ'

on...erled into a Store-.lohn Harper.
In the year 1818 Richard Harper ca.me to
Toronto with his son John, and upon his
arr;val bou
ht the acre of land formin't the
south-east corner of Queen, then Lot street,
and Simcoe, then Gru.ves street, and ex-
teuding to Richmond. then Hospital street,
on the south. Richard Harper first
built a house for the occupancy
of his family on the north sidt. of
Queen street, just west of Simcoe and
a lit LIe distance back from the street. It
was pulled down recently and a new build-
ing erected on the site by Mr. Thos. \Valmsley.
Subilequently :Mr. Harper put up the frame
dwelling shown in the illustration at the
south-east corller of Queen and Simcoe
streets. Here the Rev. J08eph Hudson,
military chavlaIn to tht: forces, lived about
1830. Mr. Huùson Wi4S a clergyma,n highìy
esteem
d by the people as a pUlpIt orato,"
and greatly beloved as a man. OccasÍDnaJìy
he officiated at St. James' church. He
was the first minister who ever wore the
academicaL hood over the ordinary vestrneut
in Toronto. Mr. Hudson endeavoured
to have a church erected east of Bathurst
strt:et near the military burial ground for
the accommolÌation of the soldiery, and he
wen so far as to layout with a plow the
ground plan of the church. At the same time,
this was prior co 1830, he comvlail1ed to the
commander of the forces of thê great incon-
venience to which the troop" were I.\ubjected
in having to march two miles from the bar-
racks to St. Jame.' church, especia.lly
at those sea.ons when the weather
and roads were un favourable. He re-
marks that even in June the roads
were in such a. cendition that the .01diers
were prevented from attending service four
Sundays in succession, and suggests as the
best method of obviating the difficulty the
"rection of a chapel on the Government re-
ser""" for th
accommodation of the forces.
The Horse Guards did not favour Mr. Hud-
son's plan, and instead gave one thousand
pJunds to St. James' church, on condition
that accommodation for the troops should
be permanently provided. Subsequently
the Rev. John Wenham, as!;!istant minister
of St. James', occupied the Harper house.
About 1849-51 it WM occupied as a
residence by M/'. Owen, of the firm of
Owen, Miller & .Mills, manufacturers of car-
riages) whose establishment was on Kine
I gtreet, now numbered 153, west of the
Revere block. Later on, about 1853-55

TORONTO.
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IARKS OF

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

tlle bouse was cOllverted into a store and
occupied by one named Johnson. It is
now a. flour and feed store. For some
time Burleigh Hudson kept a fl.mr store in
the building. John Harper, who came here in
1818 with his father, ditd recently at the
age of 83 yearE>. He wa.s a contractor a.nd
built St. Michael's Cathedral, the Cawthra
Mansion, now Molson's Bank; the general
hospital, the new tort, part of the asylum
aud other well known city edifices. He was
one of the arbitrators of the U mversity
bu:ldings at Toronto and of the Parliamer:t
buildine:s at Toronto. Mr. Harper was a
Baldwin R9former and a great friend of Sir
Francis Hincks. He was one of the oldest
memhers of the York Pioneers, and by his
<Ìea.th the city lost the last surviving alder-
man of the first corporation of rroronto.

CHAPTER XXIIL
RICHMOND'S BLACKSMITH SHOP.

Tbe Old BuUdlng .n the Nortb-past Corner
of Queen and Simroe Streels-Tbe Bro\..D-
('am non Election Riot of 1857.
Another old landmark that has passed
away with the march of civilization, one
that will be remembered by the college
boys of 1845-50. and up to 1860, is the old
bla.cksmith and wheel-wright shop which
stood at the north-east corner of Queen and
William, now Simcoe, indicated in the
engraving. It was occupied by Messrs.
Richmond-one Wiiliam Richmond,a wheel-
wright, and Robert Richmond, 90 black-
smith. In their respective lines they were
about as &rood workmen as could be found
in Toronto. The little plot of ground in
front of the shop was, in the summer time,
a great place for the boys ot Upper Canada
College to play marbles. Old man Rich
mond and his two or three sons were well
liked by doll the boys and as well by e"ery-
one in the ncighbourhood. The family lived
in the house to the north of the shop,
W'ithin a tew yards of this shop in
1857, the celebrated Brown-Ca.meron elec-
tion riot took place. Clinkunbroomer's
brick house on the ñ0rth-west corner was be
iug built. A lot of bricks to be used in build-
ing were piled at the road side, and it is
needless to say were put to the very best
possible use by the rioters. The friends
of John Hillyard Cameron had come down
from the neh!hbourhood of St. Patrick'l'! .Mar-
ket, while the Geor
e Brown factionasst'mblcd
round the corner of this street, making
Richmond's b'acksmith shop their coign
of vantage. Bob. Moody and five hundred
from St. John's \-Vard came down to help
the Reformers, and the pile of bricks
that stood about twent.y feet square was

levelled almost to the ground before the
rioters got th!'ough exercising themselves
with these missiles. The hot part of the
riot occur: ed on Queen street, a little west
of Sheppard's Ma,rble \Y orks, aHbough on
Queen street, from Se;. Patrick's Market to
Simcoe, many house3 had not a. complete
'Pd.ue of IZlass. In the old times when ; he
ëolle
e boys wanted their sleighs fixed thav
always brought them to Richmond, and if
the b::>ys had be
n out cutting shinnies
near the White bridge, or in the neigh-
bourhood of Rosedale, or Riåout's bush,
now Sherbourne street, th
y always had
the shinnies trimmed by one of the
Richmond boys, who were not very heavy in
their charges, in fact were so good-natured that
unfortunately their
ood nature was fre-
quently imposed upon. The old shop dis-
appeared when Jones' hotel wa.s put up
SGme years a
o. The sons are now living
in the nei!!hbou hood of Sa.rnia. They are
well-ta-do, anå have the respect and good-
will of a large numb
r of the old people
who lived'n the vicinity of Qneen 3.nd Simcoe
streets.

CHAPTER XXIV.
ANDREW MERCER'S COTTAGE.

A.n Early York Prlntl.!: om
t', at the Cor-
ner or Bayand Wellingtou streets-The
2ttøry 01 a t'''rl!:ed Will.
When Chief Justice Scott came to York
he brought with him Andrew Mercer for
whom be secured preferment. Mr_ Mercer
grew wealthy and early in the century
bou
ht a plot of ground at the south-
easf corner of Bay and \V elling ton
streets, upon which he built a cottage, stand-
ing until recently upon the site of Wyld.
Grasett & Darling's warehouse. In 1801
John Bennett succeeded Messrs. Waters &
Simmons, and became the printer and pub-
lisher of the York Gazette and Oraele, a
journal established a few years before
at Newark, now Niagara-on-the-L'l.ke, and
recently transferred to York on the change
of the seat of government. At this time
the publishers of papers did not style them-
selves editors. but simp;y printers or pub-
lishers. In the same year the printing
office of the Ga%ette and Oracle is estab-
lished in the house of Mr, A. Cameron
on Kine: street, and a notice is issued
stating -that subscriptions to the paper
will be received there and at the 'Ioronto,
Coffee House, York. For six months of
this year the paper appears printed on blue
shert9. The stock of white p,lper had be-
come exhausted and no more could be re-
ceived until the opening of naTiQ'ation. In
1804 John Bennett began the publication at

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LAN DMARKS OF TORONTO.

York of the Upper Canada Al'llW.nac, which
he still conduct
d ill UH3, at the time of the
W'l.r with the United States. There were lieu-
tenants of counties in 180! as follows: John
Macdonell, Glengarry; 'Villiam Fortune,
Prescott; Archibald Macdonell, Stormont;
Hon. R'charrl Dunc.m, Dundas; Peter
Drummond, Grenville; James Br
aken-
ridge, Leedp: Hon. Richard Cartwright,
Frontenac; Hazelton Spencer, Lennox; A Tork Doff'J to wbi
b a Sailor G","{".
William John-ton, Addington; John l\:une-It!i L:lndlord:oue nftbt> First A.. hIe...
Ferguson, Hastin'{s; Archiba d Ma.èdonell, lIIeu of Toronto.
Marysburgh; Alexander Chisholm, North- On the north.west corner of Front and
umberla:,d; Robert Baldwin, Durham; John streets stands a pLain two-storey frame
Hon. David W. Smith, York; Hon. Rob
rt building which, unlike many of the earlier
Ha.milton, Lincoln; Ha.muel Ryel'se, Nor- building<, has never been diverted from the
folk; \Villiam Claus, Oxford; Hon. Aìex- purpose for which it \Tas originally erected.
ander Grant. E-;sex; Hon. James It now bears in modest letters over the
Baby, Kent; Middlesex is vacant. entrance ihe sign "Beauchamp House."
In the Crown La.nds Office of Ontario at Abont 1825 Edward Wright built this house
this time another old English term L in usp. as a hotel and conducted it as such
This is "Domesday Book." Tht' rpcord for many years. A tra.ve
ling sailor,
of grants from the beginning of the organi- who had been on a whaling Toyage
ution of UpperCa.naàa is entitied "Domes- and pOlSessed quite a. good deal of artistio
day Book," and it now consists of many ability, coming along and bemg in need of
folio volumes. During the war ot 1812 mon
y, :Mr. 'Vright engaged him to pa.int a
Bennett at first fought on the British signboard for hÍ8 inn. Accordingly on one
l!!Íde, but afterward deserted to the United Bide of the sign he painted a.n Arctic or
States forces, fwd was killed at the Greenland scene, and on the other Tessels
Biege of Fort Erie. As early a.8 1802 his ami boats engaged in the capture of a whale.
name a.ppears a<; a subscriber to the amount The work was well executed and the pic-
of $6 to the improvement of Y onge street tures spirited. They attracted much atten-
between the town of York a.nd Lot No.1. tion, and proved to be the source of an in-
Mr. Cameron, in whose house his printing crea.sed revenue to the landlord. Beside
busine;::8 was conducted at the same timf', the pictures the sign bore the name of the
was one of the committee to snperTise the im- proprie or and the words .. Greenland
provement of the street. Durinu: the war FI>-hery." It was from this design of the
IIf 1812 the printing ofrice 'was removed to sa.ilor that the house deriTes its namt>.
the house of Andrew Mercer at the corner of When York was changed to Toronto anI!
Bay and W ellin
ton streets, During the from a town transformed into a. city
occupancy of York by the American forces Mr. Wriu:ht became olle of the aldermen
the office was entered by the soldiers, the of the fir:S"t corporation. Subseqnently Mr.
press brokt'n in pieces a.nd thp \Vright crave up the hotel business and
type sca.ttered. For a time Mr. Mercer for some time lived in the littlo
had char
e of the publication of frame dwelling adjoining to the north on
the York Gazette, and before his death he John street. A t this period there were a.
used to exhibit to his friends parts of the number f'f I5ma.ll d: inking houses a.djoining
press made uíìcless on that occasion Iu tile " Greenla.nd Fishery" which were
1822 Andrew Mercer's name is fou:J.d !l.S a much frequentt-d hy 8oldif'rs from the
.ubscriber to the building of two brid<yos garril'!on. In the arti
t's illustration the
leading over the Don to the south. In the hotel as it is now, is shown and also the
autumn of 1816 Lieutenant-Governor Gor. little dwellings at the side, in which Mr.
returned to his duties in the province \Yright lived. Mr. Wl'ight had a son living
from which he had been absent aurin
C in the States, who had been very succel'!sful
the w
:, _ On _
is arrinl h2 waa met by. in business: It w
s wh.ile on a visit. to him
deregatIon of cItIzens and présented ",it'll a that he dIed. 8mce Its constructIOn the
congratulatory a.ddress aiu:ned by a numb
r hotel building haa been renovated throu
h-
of men, among whom is Andrew Mercer. out, partly rebuilt and somewha.t enllrged.
On Mr. Mercer's dea.th a ecandal and is now in a very good state of l'epa,ir.
.rose over hia estate. A will
was found, but the courts declared it a
forgery. Mr. Clarke Gamble went to Eng-
land to look up the heirs but he fa.iled to

find any and the property, va.lued a.t a. large

um, was escheated to the crown. Thp
Government, however, gave MI". Mercer's
son, in whose favour the will was drawn
a tract of land and a. sum of money. '

CHAPTER XXV.
THE GREENLAND FISHERY.

LAi\DMARKS OF TORONTO

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the hotel. Snow renting the- Epièüreån Re-
cess. which stood on the site of the Ontario
Chambers. the first door BOuth of the
A Once Fomous Hostelry at the ('orner of alley-way, next to Mc\Villiam & Everest's.
(;burch and {)olbornr StredA-Early Ila- No. 25. on the east side of Church street.
sonic Halla-A. Mysterleua Mnrder. After Snow's departure Robert Beard
At the north-east corner of Church street kept the hotel for five years. and
and Colborne street. which latter was then Azro RU8s
1l, brother 01 the
formeLly calleri Market Lane, once stood a J
ussells of the St. Louis Hotel, Quebec,
frame hotel kept by a. coloure
ì leased it ÍJr seven years. In the days of
man wh,'se name was strangely the old Parliament of Canada. Beard's, or
at variance with his colour, for it was Russell'
was the popular hotel of Toronto,
Snow. The old settlers who can remember and the resort of leading merchants, mem-
liÏm say he kept a good hostelry. (,nJ indeed. bers of parlia.ment and politicians. The
landlords of colour seem to have been much late Samuel Zimmerman. of Niagara Falls.
more succ'-ssful here in the first half of the the railway magnate. wa.s a. constant ,!:uest
century than now towa.rds its close. From here, and the last time he said gooÓ-bye in
abou
1841 to 18450ne of the most popular and. Toronto was when he jauntily walked out of
well parronized inns in ToroLto, tspecially the hotel with his grip in ha.nd. and entered
well favoured by country folk, occupied the the olIlllil:ms for the Gl'cat Western Railway
grounà at the head of Toronto street. which station. Within sixty minutes he was ]aid
is now taken up by the postoffice. It was low in death, a vict m of the terrible rail.
a frame building. and conn, cted with it way disa;;,ter on the Western, at the Desjar-
were ßtables quite extensive for that day. dins railway bridge, near Hamilbon. The
Its proprietor was a coloured man by the dinners at Russell's were not(d for their
na.me of O'ameS! Mink, who retired from the excellence. Gus Thomas, who 6as so
business with a fortune. On the Ton'.Lwanda steadily worked himself into wealth B,nd
reservation of Indians in New York State is position, was at one time a bell-boy in
a chit:ftain who is the possessor of wealth H,ussell's, and Smith, !li8 old partner in the
and a pretty and accomplished daughter, firm of Smith & TholIl6ß, was th
book-
Unwilling to m'trry her to one of his red keeper. Tom Mulholland and Ned Gra.y
brethren he has caused th,
statem
nt to be were bartenders, and dispensed uniQue
circulated that a. fertile farm of generous drinks for the patrons of the- house. BÕth
acrea.ge is to be the Indian maiden's dowry were considered adepts in mixing. Aftl'r
whenever a pa.le-face of standing and char- Russell
ave up the lea.øe of the house
&octer may win her hand. Somewhat simi- John Montgomery, famous in rebellion
lar was the desire of Mr. Mink, who offered to times by the burning of his Y or.ge street
give $10.000 to any respectable white man hostelry, kept RUbsell's for three or roU1'
who would wed his daughter. Miss Mmk years. This finished the career of the build-
dId, It was said. find a white man who mar. ing as a hotel. During the tenancy of the
ried her, and they made their wedding trip Beards and Russells the upper floors of the
to the Southern States, and, with a villain V building were occupied by the Knights
that we are pleased to !'ay characterizes few Templar. who had a hall, handsomely fur-
white men, sold hIS bride int,) siavery and nished, and considered one of the ,best
a.bandoned her. Through the efforts of :Masonic meeting places in Canada. The
Mink's friends in Canada, and the payment rooms on the lOllth side of the upper Hoor
of a large sum of money, Miss Mink WDS I were leased by Rnyal Black Preceptory No.
freed a.nd brought back to Toronto, and 96, of the Orange Order. After Montgomery
lived for yearR with her father in retired the buildinf{ was vacant for a short
the old home on the hill, on the east side time, and then converted into stores. The
of the Don and Danforth road. upper floors of the hotel were built specially
R
turning to the site 0" Snow's inn, at for St. Andrew's Lodge of Freemasons, the
the corner of Church and Colborne !\treets, north room was fitted as a blue or craft
we find that somewhere about 1848 the room and the iouth room was used as a
frame building wàs torn down, and ill its supper room and rec ption apartment.
place the late Joshua Beard put up the After St. Andrew's Lo(lge moved to the
brick structure shown in the illustration, upper floor of the east wing of St. Lawrence
and only slIghtly altel'ed on the Hall buildings, the Russell Hotel lodge
ground floor from its original design. rooms were leased by the Knight Templar
Snow occupied the new h(<<l for four or five Encampment of Geoffrey de St. Aldemar.
years, He had with him m partnership a man The room was very handsomely fittpd up.
named \Vright, but for some reason or other After the Temp
ars left thcir room to
they did not a.grpe, and concluded to give up go to the Toronto street Temple. Me
sr8.

CHAPTER XXVI.
ROBERT BEARD'S HOTEL.

LAKDMAttK!'\ OF TOR0NTO.

51

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ROBBRT
EABD'S HOTEL.
Torrance and Geo. Ewart had the north anù month, anrl from the former place t.o Nia-
south stores respectively. Then James E. gara a week, the boat being obliged by
Smith & Co. leased the corner, while Robert bad weather *0 put in at Sodua Bay. At
Spratt had the north store. John Holmes Niagara he waited for three days for a
& Co. succeeded Smith&Co.,andSpratt,and pas
age to York. In the year 1827 Mr.
finally Messrs. Milburll, Bently & Pearson Doel built a frame two-storey dwelling-
leas
d the building. Across from this house, hOU!le at the north-west corner of Bay and
at; the south-eaRt corner of Church, stood the Adelaide streets, which is still standin
,
Edinburgh Castle tavern, an old and c
le- but somewhat altered from its former con-
brated h08telry. Snow's Royal Exchange dition,as the corner has been cutoutforbuai-
in la.ter years became the Young Canadian ness purposes. The original house is shown
billiard saloon. In the alley-way referred in the illustration drawn from a picture
to above, now known as Mark lant', and in the pos.ession of his son, Mr. William
direetly north of the entrance to the saloon, H. Doel, of Eglinton. At the rear of the
once occurred a myateri011s tragedy. At house on Bay street Mr. Doel built a frame
early morninp a man was found standing brewery in the shape of an L, runnin

against the wall of the buildÌ1Jg. dead, with back about one hundred teet. This was
a hole in his heart. The mystery of hia one of the early breweries of York, and
dea.h was never solved. here beer of good repute in the town and
ùeighbourhood was manufactured down to
the vear 1847, when the buildinit was
accidentally burned. Mr. Doel's name is
linkeà with the early postal service of
York. For many years he undertook and
faithfully accomplished the delivp.ry wit;h
his own hands of all the correspondence
of the place that WIIo8 thn.ø distributed.
Mr. Doel and his wile survived to a good
old aite, he dying in 1871, aged eighty-one
yea.rs. For many years the family lived in

CHAPTER XXVII.
DOEL'S HOUSE AND BREWEAY.

The Bal1dlnKa where tbe Beb.l1loll or 1831
waa Nourlabed-Tbe
eeDe of the Quarrel
Between Dr. Morrl80n and MackeDzle.
In the year 1818 John Doel, a native of
Somersetshire, England, left t;he United
States and settled in York. His journey
from Philadelphia to York occupied a

62

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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THE ORIGINAL DOEL HOî\IESTEAD.

the honse in a state of continnal apprehen-
lion in regard to the stabIlity of the lofty
Ipire of a church dOle to their resid
nce.
In 1862 the spire actually fell, doing con-
eiderable damaJ!;e, but it happened to
the eaatward instead of the westward, thus
elcaping the house. In the local troubles
of 1837 Mr. Doel took a prominent part,
and hil name has become associated with
the leaders ot the party of reform. In
1827 Robert Randal, M. P., was sent as
a del
ga
to London in behaU of the so-
called aliens or unnaturalized British sub-
jects of United States origin. A seriel of
burlesque nominations, supposed to be made
by Randal to the Colonial Secretary J ap-
pea.red at the time, issued by the frIends
of the officials of the day, in which Mr.
Doel's name is set down for the postmaster-

eneralship. The document is as follows:
U Nomination!! to be dictated by the con- ,
stitutional meeting on Saturday next in
the petition for the redress of grievances
to be forwarded to London by Ambas,ador
Ra.ndal; Barnabas Bidwell, Presir]ent of
Upper Canada, with an extra annual allow-
ance for a jaunt for the benefit of his health
to his native State of Massachusetts; W,
W. Baldwin, Chief Justice and SurVC'yor-
General to the militia forces, with 1,000,000
acres of land for past services, he and his
family haying been most shamefully treated
in having grants of land withheld from
them heretofore; John Rolph, Attorney-
General and Paymaster-General to the
militia, with 500,000 acres of land for his
for met' accounts a.s District-Paymaster faith-
fully rendered; Marsball S. Bidwell,
Solicitor,General, with an annual allowa.nce
of as much as he may b. pleased to ask for,
rendering no account, for the purpo3e of

encouraging emigration from the Uni*ed
States, and a contingent account if h.
shall find convenient to accJmpany
the President to Massachuletta ; the Puisne
Judges to be chosen by ba.llot in the market;

J
.1
J
, I
t /

JOHN DOE!..
square on the 4th of July in each and
eyery year, subject to the approval of W.
W. B., the Chief Ju
tice; their salaries 1iO
be settled when going out of office. Je!'se
Ketchum, Joe. Sheppard, Dr. Stoyell and
A. Burnside, executive and legislative
councillors. Joint secretaries, William
Lyon Mackensie and Francis ColliDe
with

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

ts3

.u the printing. John Carey, assistant l ance with the eYents of that time, and the
llecreta.ry, with a.s
nch of the printinQ; as princi
al .actors in t?em, will have a Droper
the joint secretaries may be pleased to appreciatIOn of thlB burlesque. DUrIng
aU ow him' Moses Fish, inspector of public the exciting times immediately precedlDg
bwldil1gs
ù fortifications; J. S. Baldwin, the Mackenzie rebellion Mr. Doel'.i\ house
contracl;or-aeneral to
e province, with and brewery were the principal rendezvous
a monopoly"of the trade; T. D. Morrison, of the patriot agitators, and here waø
surveyor-general 'IDd inspector of hospit8ols; bliid meeting after meeting. The largely
Little Doel postmaster-
eneral; Peter I attended meetings of the Retormers were
P
rry, chanc
l1or of the exchequer a.nd .re- held in the brewery. The princ
palleadels
ceiver-general. The above per
ons .belDg of th
mo!ement met for prlY'8ote con-
thus amply provided for, their f!'lends, sultatlon T .
the house. On. Augu
t 2.
aliaa their BteppinO' atones, may shift for 1837,
IllIam Lyoll Mackenzie publIshed
themselves' an opportunity, however, will in his paper, 4;he Constitution, "a declara-
be offered them for doing & little tion of the Reformers of Toronto to
business by disposing of all other public their fellow-Reformers in Upper Canada,"

THE DOHL BREWERY.
o
ceB to 'he lowest bidder, from whom I which was virtually a decl8oration of inde-
neither talent nor security will be required pendence. It entered into a long recit80l
for the pe
formance of their duties, of grievances, declaring that the time
Tenders received at Russell Square, Front I had come for their redress, .nd resolving
Btreet, York. :rhe magistracy, being of to call a convention of dele"ates ",t 'foronto,
no con
(quence, IS t.o.
e left for after con- with authority to '1ppoint commi!!8ioners
@iderbotlon. The milItia, at the particular to confer with similar commissioners else-
request of. Paul Peterson, M. P. for Pdnce I where. the whole to have the power of a
Edward, 18 to be done aw80Y altogether congress in finding a remedy for grie,-ancea.
and the roads to take care (.f them- This document, drawn up by Mr.

elves.. The WeIland Canal to be stopped I O'Grady and Dr. Rolph, was taken to a
Immediately, and Colonel By to be recalled private meetinO' at Elliott's tavern at
fron
the Rideau Can
l. N. J3. Any sup;- the corner of Queen and Yonge st;eets,
gesbons for fn
tber Improvements will be I where it was read and di!llcussed, after
thankfully receIved at Russell Square aB which it was submitted to a meeting of
ILbove." Only those who h.l.Ve a.n acquaint- Reformers at Doel's brewery, there adopted.

54

LAND1\lARKS OF TORONTO.

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LA
DMAR.KR OF TORONTO.

55

a permanent vigilance committee appoint.
ed, and a plan of procednre estab-
lished similar to that in operation in
Lower Uanada, which was the holding of
mass meetinJ{s throughout the country
,Mr. Mackenzie was 8elected 10 attend
these in the role played by 1\11'. Papineau
in the lower province. At another meet-
ing held at the brewery, not fa.r from this
in point of time, a plan proposed by Mr.
Mackenzie for uniting, or
anizilJg and regis-
tering the Reformers of Upper. Canada into
a political union, was arlopted. Thu!! mat-
ters ran along, public meetings being
held every where throughout the country
to the nnmber of several hundred, until
early in November, when a mob attacking
Papineau's house he sent an appeal to
Ma.ckenzie to support the Lower Canadian
Rðformers in a resort to a.rms. Mackenzie
was convinced that the crisis had come,
and he invited the followin,l! p'3rsons to
meet him that night at Mr. Duel's house
to consider the situation :-Dr. T. D.
M.o.rison, a physician; John McIntosh,
a. retired vessel owner; Robert .Mackay,
a grocer; John Armstrong, an axe-
m&k.er; Timothy Parsons, a dry-goods
merchant; John Mills, a hatter; Thomas
Armstrong, a. ca.rpenter; John Elliott,
an attorney; William Leslie, a bookseller,
and John Doel, the brewer, a.t whose
house the meeting was to be held. All
invited came. Dr. Morrison took the
cha.ir. Mr. Mackenzie took the floor and
explained hill views. He said that the
Wron
8 of Canada were the same a.s thuse
of the thirteen co' onies. Redress from
Great Britain wa.s hopeless. The House
of Assembly was pa ked; the endowment
of a hierarchy was begun ; provincial funds
were squandered; the government was
converted into a detested tyranny. Then
he went on to say that Governor Head
had pla.ced foul' thou8a.nd stand of arms
in the City Hall and had
ent all the
troop:! to the I O1'\"'e l' province. Mac-
kenzie's plan was to take Dutcher's foundry-
men and Armstrorg's axe-makers, who
were r
liable, 8eize Lieutenant-Governor
Sir Francis Heaà, who was at Uovern-
ment House, guarded (1l11y by a single
8entinel, carry him to the City Ha.ll as
a prisoner, seize the arms and ammu-
nition there and the artillery in the
01d ga.rrison, arouse friends in town and
country and proclaim a provisiona.l govern-
ment. Mr. Doel ohjected to the plan.
Dr. Morrison manifested the greatest
astonishment, declaring that the scheme
was hivh treason, Rnd that he wouid
not be entrapp -d into any such coursE'.
It is said Dr, Morrison Wf.S not opposed

to the plan, but that he mi
trusted one
of the persons present and would not
commit himself. At any rate, there was a
violpnt altercation between Mackenzie,
Morrison and Doe!. The meeting: was
broken up, and 1\1ackenzi"l left
he house
in a pasoòion and never rf'turned to it.
Mr. Doel refused to ta.ke any fmther part
in the operations of the Reformers
On N oVf'mber 18 a meeting was held at-
t
nded by a. dozen leaders, at wh'ch another
p
an of operation was agreed on. The
organiz3d ba.nds all over the country were
to collect at Montgomery'!:! hotel, under
the supervision of Mackenzit! and Dr.
Rolph, and march down Y onge strt:et on
Toronto, Thursday, December 7. The
fiasco which follow
d i8 we,l known, and
has nothing to do with Mr. Doel's house
or brewery or himself.

CHAPTER XXVIlI.
"USTICE POWELL'S HOUSE.

The ....f,., and Pnblle Serylres or one of tbe
Ablest ('hler JusUcea or I.;pper (;anada-
Ubi Judicial and DlplomaUc (;areer.
But 110 few weeks ago a buildinl;t was
torn down near the north-east corner of
York and Front street!!! which was once the
residence of one of the earliest a.nd best
judges of Upper Canada, the Hon. William
Dummer Powell. The house shown in
the iIlu
tration represents the buildint{ as it
was durin
Judge Powell's occupancy,
Originø.l!y the rear of it was a small log
h9use, which was subsequently clapboarded.
When the boards were torn off a.t the time
of its demolition the logs were found to be
-in a state of perfect preservation. In front
of this and cpnnected with it was a frame
structure two stories hign, presentinl( its
facade tu York street, and but a little way
back of it, ornamented with a porch or sort
of yerandah. The hl)use W8" painted white.
A curved driveway aud path led up to the
front door. About a dozen years ago a
brick addition was put at the front of the
buildine', projecting-out to the York street;
sidewalk, which was divided into stores.
The Hon. Wiìliam Dummer Powell came of
II. very old Welsh family. The family estate
in 'Vales wa. Caer-Howell. The name is
Ap Howell, of which Caer-Howell, "How-
ell's Place,' the title given by the Chief
Justice to his park lot at York, is a relic.
The grandfather of the Chief Justice came
from England to America. as secretary to
Lieutenant-Governor Dummer. His grand-
mother was sister of Lit utenant-Governor
Dummer. His father wa
John Powell, of
Bos
n, Mass. The Chief Justice was born
in Boston in 1755. At th ' a.ge of nine yea.rs

56

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

he was sent to England to be educated.
From En
land he went to Holland to ac,
Quire a knowledge of French and Dutch, and
in 1772 he returned to Boston. He was
called to the bar in 1779. Previons1y to
1791 he ha.d resided tor a time in Lower
Canada and had rendered valuable aid to
tht: United Empire Loyalists in obtaining
the Act of 1791. In May, 1789, he left

fontreal for Detroit, which was in posses-
sion of the British His iiister has descnbed
in a journal the voyage, which was mad(O
principally in boats, It took the party ten
davs to reach Kingston. It took four davs
to -traverse the lake from Kiuf.{ston to Ni
-
gara, where they were met by Chief J 0-
seph B ant. An Indian council was being
held R.t :Fort Erie, which tht-y visited, and
,i\lifis Powell glV
S the following graphic de-
scription of it :-," Each tribe iormed a cir-
cle under the shade of a tree. They never
changed places but sat or lay on the grass as
they likeJ. The speaker of each tribe stood
with his back against a tree. The old wo-
men walked one by one and seated them-
selves behind the 'men. The squaws pl'l'
served a modest silence, but nothing is done
",.-ithout their consent and approbation. The
chiefs are remarkably tall aud finely made,
and walk with a degree of grace and dignity
you have no idea of. I declare our beaux
looked quite insignificant bpside them." Two
lIundreu chiefs were at this council, dele-
Rates of the Six Nations. One of these was
.H.ed Jacket, gorgeously ùressed in a scarlet
coat and waistcoat richly embroidered. On
*he ninth of June the party reachpd Detroit.
1n dmwing the boundary line betwedl th"
British and American possessions Detroit
was left in the hands of the Am ricans and
a n
w town was built on the other side of
the river, where court was e<;tablished and
the Hon. \VilJiam Dummer Powell was thc
first judge who preside1 over this COUrt.
He was appointed a Commissioner of the
Peace of the Province of Quebec in 1789. In
1791 he was appointed Commissioner of
Oyer and Terminer and Ja.iI Delivery for
Ql1ehec, and ill 1792 to th
same (\ffice in
Upper Canada. On the third of S"ptember,
1792, J udlre Powell presided at the Court
of Oyer and .rerminer for the District pf
Hesse in Upper Canada, and the next year
at the same court in the parhh of Assumr-
tion. At this .ourt Jame!l Baby and Alex-
ander Grant were his as,;ociates 011 the bench.
A prisoner who was convicted was sentenc-
l;U to be burned in the ha.nd, and the sen-
tence was carried out in thp pre8
nce of the
court. Judge Powell presided in the C ,urt
of Oyer and Tf'rminer and .Tail Deliver y
yearly, and at times twice a y!'ar, in the
s veral dis;;ricts into which the Province

had been divided from 1793 down to his re-
tirement from the bench in 1825. Chief Jus
tice Powell bore an important part on the
British sirle in the war of 1812 He was at
"X ork at this time aDd was the. confidential
agent of the Governor, who wa!l in England
at tbat time. A letter written by Sir Isaac
Brock to Sir Geor(!'e Prevost states that the
Cbi
f JusTice and hiR third son, Mr. Grant
Powell, Under-Secretary of Sbte at Ottawa,
had the confidence of the civil and military
authorities of that, l1ay. The Chief Justice
held important communications with the
Am ricans after the investment of York in
1813, In 1818. at the Richmond street court
house, before Chief Justice Powell, Jl1
tice
CampbeH, Justice Boulton and AssocÍatf'
Justice \Y. AUan, occurre:l the trial of the
p.isoners who had been confined in Fort
WiUiam for two years for the insurrec-
tion in the Red River country, Th
ac-
cused we,'e Paul Bmwn and T. T. Boucher,
for the mmder of Rubert Sempl,
on June
18, 1816, John Siveright, Alexander Mc-
Kenzie, Hu[!'h McGillis, John McDona.ld,
John MeL'tughlin and Simon Fraser as ac-
cessories to the same crime, and two men
named Cooper and Bennerman for taking,
April 3, 1815, eight pieces of cannon and
one howitzer from the house of Thomas,
Earl of Selkirk, and putting in fear of their
lives the people in the house. The cannons
were defcribed as being two brass field
pieces, two brass swivel!! and four iron
swivels. 1'h(. coungel for the Crown were
Attorney-General Robinson and Soiicitor-
General Boulton. The counsel for the pris-
oners were Samuel Sherwood, Livius P.
Sherwood and \Y. 'V. Baldwin. .rhe jUlY
ill the three trials were George Bond. J 0,
seph Harrison, William Harrison, Joseph
Shepperd, Peter Lawrf'nce, Jo
hua Leaêh,
John MeDougall, jr., William Moore, Alex-
ander Montgomery, Peter \Vhitney, Jona-
than Hale, Michael \Vhitmore, Harbour
Stimpson. John \Vilson, John Hough and
Richard Herring. Excitement waxed hot,
but Chief Justice Powell exhibited a re-
markahle degree of professional ability and
impartiality_ The prisoners in each Cl,se
were aCf]ui ted. A brief sketch of this
famou9 trial will not be out of placf>, for out
of the iSlJues involved arose what is now the
PW'f'ince of Manitoba The fifth Earl of
SelKirk, a man of great vigour of mind and
body, of considerable cultivation and the
author of severa.l literary works much
esteemed in their time, one of them being
an exhaustive trp.at.ise on emigration, secm'-
ed a tract of land for emigmtion purpos
s
and established a settlem
nt at the con-
fluence ot the Assinib ,ine and R..d Rivera.
'J his becam' known a'i the SelkIrk Settle,

LANDMAßKS OF TORONTO.

ment. The land was a part of the territory
held by the Hudson Bay Company. Miles
Macdonnell, formerly a captain in Gover-
nor Simcoe'tJ troop, the Queen's Rangers,
appointed by the Hudson Bay Company
first Governor of the District of Assiniboia,
was made SuperIntenùent of Affairs at Kil,
donan by the Earl of Selkirk, the name of
the young settlement being derived from
Kildonan, a parish in th
County of Suth-
erland, from which the (!Teater pari of the
settler.s had emigrated. In 1813 the popu-
lation of th
settlemQllt was abom one hun-
dred penons. At this timè the North-west
Company of fur traders of Montreal was a
rival of the Hudson Bay Comp illY, the
former trading in the a.rea drained by the
streams Howing into Lake Suporior and thQ
latter in the region watered by the rivers
running into Hudson's Bay. The North-
we;;t Company did not look with a friendly
eye upon the Kildonan settlement, con.ider-
ing an agricultural colony in such close
J)l"oximity to their huntin't grounds a. dan-
gerous innovation. It was resolved to break
it up, and in pursuance of this purpose the
indians wt!re told that they would be made
poor by the new comers who would drive
away the buffalo. At the same time the
colonists were told of the better
prospects open to them in other settle-
ments and were offQred pecuniary as-
sistance if they would move. Then attacks
were ma.de on the houses of the colonists,
and actl of pillage committed. In 1815
Gove) nor Miles Macdonnell was taken pri-
soner by Duncan Cameron, the agent of the
North-west Company, who was stationed 8.t
èI. post called Fort Gibraltar and sent to
Montrea.l. The result wa.s tha.t the same
year the inhabitants of KildoDan dispersed,
some making their Wd.Y to the eõltablished
Canadian settlements. and others proceed-
ing northwards to find a meall'l of returning
home frJm Port Nelson by way of the Hud-
8On'8 Straits route. The latter, however,
only reached the northern end of \Vinnipeg
La.ke, establishin
themselves at Jack River
House, when they were p
rsuadeJ by Colin
Robertson, agent of the Hudson Bay Com-
pany, to return, he assuring them that a
number of Highlanders were cr ming by wa.y
of Hudson's Hay to take up land at Kildo-
U!IoD. The next year the Highlanders
arrived, and the re-e8tablished settlement
claimed a. p ,pula.tion ot two hundred per-
lonlll. Duncan Cameron made an attack on
the revived colony. and in retaliation Colin
R
bertson with his High
anders seized Fort
Gibralta.r, Cameron's stronghold, and recov-
ered two fidd pieces and thirty stand-of-
arms taken from Kildonano A stroner feel.
ing wa!! excited among the Indians wh
were

57

in the interest of the North-west Company.
In 1816, :Mr. Semple, Governor of the Hud-
son Bp,y Company. arrived in person on the
scene to adju5t the d'fficulty if possible. On
the eighteenth of June an angry conference
was held, which reRulted in a. riot.
The Montreal Company's Indians, to the
nnmber of seventy, hea.ded by the half-
breeds Cuthbert. Gl'ant, Lacerte, Fraser,
Hoole and McKay attacked Mr. Semp!e
and his party. In the fight that ensued, ;'Ir.
Semple was killed with five of his officers
and 8ixteen of his men. Out of this affair
sprang the memorable trials that took place
before Justice Powell in the old York Court
House. In 1815 the Earl of Selkirk being
interested in the pro'lress of his Red River
colony, leìt En2land to pay it a visit. On
his arrival in New York he heard of the
destruction of property at Kilàonan and the
di;;persion of his emigrants. Then the news
reached him of the partial re-establilllhment
of the colony. He at once sent a trusty
meslenger by the name of La"imoniere with
the assurance that he would soon arrive in
per
on brin
iDg proper protection. Lalli-
moniere however was way-:aid and mur-
dered before reaching his destination. Peace
ha.ving just been esta.blished b
tween Great
Britain and the United Sta.tes, a great many
regiments were dh:banding. Lord Selkirk
permaded eighty-four men of the De

leuron, twenty of the \Vatteviile, and a
few of the Glengarry Fencible Regiments,
to accompany him to the Red Rlver settle-
ment. On reaching the Sault news ca.me of
the second dispersion of the colony and the
killing of Governor Semple aud hi;; men.
The party at once pushed on to Fort Wil-
liam, where agent McGillivray, of the
North-west Company, was established with
about two Í1undred French Canadians and
sixty or seventy Indians. III their hands
were the prisonerlll taken at Kildonan.
Armed with the authority of .
justice of the peace, Lord Selkirk is-
sued a :warrant for the arrest of McGilli.
vray, He surrendereJ himself and two of
his friends who came with him to offer bail
were a.l
o arrested. \Vithout a leader tne
force at Fort William released their Kildo-
ma.n prisoners, but on Lord Selkirk's at-
te.llpt to arrest the men concerned in the
slaughter of GovernOl o Semple, the Q'a.tes of
the fort were closed and resistance wa.
offered. Lord Selkirk's men came off vic-
torious in the struglZle and the men were
arrested, and after two years' confinement
at Fort \Villiam, were brought to York for
trial. charJles being preferred against them
by Lord Selkirk, of high treason, murder.
robbery and conspiracy. Lord Selkirk WtlS
no
present at the trial. Two years later

..,S

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

before Justice Powell, a suit was brought
against the Ea.rl by members of the North-
west Company for con.piracv to ruin its
trade, Domiel McKenzie obtained t:l,500
and William Smith t:500 damages for false
impriaonment. Two years later in 1820
Lord Selkirk died at Pau, in the south of
France. Whf'n on the bench, Justice
Powell had a humorous way, so Dr. Scaã.
ding relates. of indicating by a kind of quiet
by-play, by a. gentle shake of ';he hea.d, a
series of little nods or movements of the pye
or eyebrow hi!! estimate of an outre hypo-
thesis or ad captandum ar
ument. He Wa!!
one of the pewholders in St. James' church
from it,> commenc('ment, and his pew wa,s a
long narrow enclosure in the gallery oppo-
site the Lieutenant-Governor's pew, provided
with a high screen at the back to .keep off
the rlraughts from the d"or in the gallery
just behind. The inside of the pew and
the screen were lined with dark - green
baize. 'Ihe ju!!tice's particuìar phce
was in the centre of the pew, where he
u'Jually sat surrouuded by the members of
his family. The Justice was a man of rather
lea!! than the ordinary stature, with fea-
tures round in outline and a florid face, a
partially bald head iIond milk white hair.
His por.rait painted by Gilbert is in the
posseRsion of one of the lady members of
his family, but there is no picture of him in
Os
oo::le Hall. He was a very religious
man, aDd some years before his death he
built a brick bnrial vault at the head of
Simcoe street, which rlmained :n existence
until teu or fifteen yea.rll a
o, when it was
torn down. It is sa.id tha.t he used to go
there to pr!J.Y. tie wrote a pamphlet on the
ecclesiastical land question, in which he re-
commends the leinvestment of the property
in the Crown, which he says will apply t\1e
proçeeds eQualty for the support of Christian-
ity without other distinction, and con-
cludes by saying that if the wise provision
of Mr. Pitt to preserve the law ot the union
between England and Scotland, by preserv-
ing the Church of England Pl'edominant in
the colony, and touchinlZ upon her right to
tithes only for her own advantage, a.nd by
the sam
course as the church desidela.tes in
England-the excha.nge of tithes for the
fee simple-must be abandoned to the
sudden thou
ht of a youthful speculator.
Mr. Wilmot, secretary for the, colonies,
who had just introduced a bi I into the Im-
perial Pa. ,Ï:tment for the sales of the lands
to the Canada Company-let the provision
of hi. bill cease, and the tithe. to which the
Church of Enp'land was at that time law-
ful y entitled, be restored. She will mjoy
the:se exclusiycly of the Kirk of Scotland;
but if all veneration for the wisdom of our

ancestors has ceased and the time is come
to prostrate the Church of England, bind her
not up in the same withe with her bitterest
enemy, force h
r not to an exclusive associa-
tion with anyone of her riva.l., leave the
tithes abolished, abolish aU the legal ex-
change for them and restore the res
rve3 to
the Crown. Justice Pow ,II's predecessor
on the bench was Chief Justice SC(ltt.
His successor was Sir \-Vi liam Campb
n.
A severe blow was dealt to J U8-
tice Powell in 1822 by the loss of his
daughter, who was drowned by the wreck
of the packet ship Albion off the Head of
Kill"a'e. April 22. Her f&te was the more
distressing to her relatins and frienda,
as she was in New York at the time of the
sailing of the previous packet on whkh a.
number of York people made the voyage,
but for !!ome reason she did not accompany
them. The Cork Southern Reporfær
a.ve
the followin
a.ccount of the wr
k: " The
Ai bion, whose loss at Garrettstown bay was
first mentioned in our paper of Tuesday,
was t')ne of the finest class of ships between
Liverpool and New York, and was five
hundred tons burden. We have !!ince
learned some further pa.rticulars by which
it apt>earð that het" loss was attended with
cirCLlmstances of a peculiarly afflicting
nature. She had Jived out the tremendOllB
gale of the entire day on Sunday, and
Captain WilJiamð consoled the passengers
at eight o'clock in the evening with the
hope of being able to reach Liverpool on
the da.y but one after, which chce1Ïng ex-
pectation induced almost all of the passen-
'lers, particularly the fcma16s, to rt.tire
to rest. In some shOIt time, however, a
violent squall ca.me on which in a moment
carried away the masts, and there being
no po'sibility of disen
a
ing them from
the riggin
, encumbered the hull so
that she became unmanaJ!eable and drifted
at the mercy of the waves till the
liO'ht-house of the old Head wa.s discovered,
the wreck :stilI nearing in, when the captain
told the sad news to the passengers
that there was no lon
er any hope-, and
soon afterward she struck. From thence-
forward all was di:<tress and confusion.
The vessel aoon afterward went to piece!!,
and of the crew and passenger!! only six
of the former and nine of the latter were
bayed. The names of the passengers were:
Mr. Benyon, a London gentleman; Mr.
N. Ross, of Troy, N. Y.; ,Mr. Conyers and
his brother-in,law Major Gough, of the
68th Regiment; Mr. a.nd Mrs. Clarke,
America.ns; :Madame Gardi,.ier anà her
eight year old son; Colonel Provost; Mr.
Dwight, of BostC'n; Mrs. Mary Pye, of
New York; Mi5S Powell. daughter of the

LANDMARKS OF TOROKTO,

Honoura.hle \VILia.m Dummer PO\\ ell. Chief
Justice of Upper Canada; Rev. Mr. Hill.
Ja.maica; Professor FIsher, New Haven,
Connecticut; Mr. Gurner, New York;
Mr. Proctor, Nc w York; Mr. Dupont and
five other Frenchmen; Mrs. Marv Brews-
ter, Mr. Hirst, Mr. Morrison, a.nd
Stephen Chase." By one of the Acts
p:tssed during the admillistration of Gov.
ernor Gore, the foundatiou was laid of a
parliamentary library to replace the one
destroyed or dispersed during the occupa-
tion of York by the Am'ricans in 1813.
In the session of 1816 the sum of f:SOO was
voted for the purch Ise of b;)oks fOI" the use
of the Legislative ('.IOuneil anå House of
Assembly. At the !:lame session the sum of
f:3,OOO wa<; recommend,.a to be granted to
Governor Gore for the purchase of pla'e,
the joint addre-,s of the houses to the
Prince Rewnt on this suhject being as fol-
:ows: "To his Royal Highness, Geor
e
Prince of \Valpj!, Pr'nce Regent of the
U nitf d Kingdom of Great Bri;:ain and Ire-
land. May it please your Roya.l High-
ness : \Ve, his 1hjf'sty's most dutiful and
loy&l subjects, the Legislative Council and
House of As:;emb'y of the Province of
Upppr Ca:1ada in Provinchl Parliam
nt
assembled, impre.;;sed with a lively flense
of the firm, upright and iiberal administra.,
tion of Francis Gore, E3q., Lieutenant-
Governor of Upper Canada, as well as of
hi!! increa-.ing attention to the individual
and generd.l interes
s of the coluny, durin{!
his absence have unanimously pass
d a bi!.
to appropriate the sum oÏ three thousand
pounds to enable him to purchase a f:ervice
of plate commemorative of our grati
tude. App:-izcld that this spontaneous
gift cannot receive the sanction of our be-
loved Sovereign, in the ordinary mode, by
the acceptan 'e of the Lieutenant-Gover-
nor in his namJ and behalf. \\ '. the Legi."
lative Council and Assembly of the Province
of Upper Canada humbly bpg leave to ap-
proach your Royal HighllE'sS with an earnest
prayer that you wi'l approve this demon-
stration of our gratitude, and gracious:y
be pleased to sanction in his Majesty.s name
th':J grant of the Legislature in beha. f of the
inhabitants of Upper CaI1ada. WiIïam
Dummer Powell, Speak r Lngi,]ativeCouncil
chambers, March 26, 1816; Allan Maciean,
Sp'3.ker Commons House of Ass mbly.
March 25, 1816." Tpis was the famour Spoon
bill. and the house that passed the measure
was a few weeks later abruptly dismissed.
Mr. G. S. Jarvis, of COll1wall, stat. s that
the car:-iage of Chid Justice Powell wa a
rough sort of omnibus which \\-fluld.
compare \\oith the jail van used now.
The men10ry of Chief Justice Powell is

59

pre8erved in \Vil.ia.m street, formerly ca.ned
Dummer. Simcoe !>treet north of Queen
was formerly called William, but since the
first street west has been changed fl'om
Dummer to \Yiliiam, the orLina: William
street north oÍ Queen h,ls been called
Sim
'Je. Juùge PONell projected and gave
the Jand tor Dummer street which
h,tS been changed to \Villiam street. Mr.
D. B. Read, who has written a sketch of
Justice Powell, !oay,; that up to the
war of 1812 Judge Powell haù been a
puisne judge. In 1815 he was promote.i
to the Chi
f JusticesbiD. The last time
be presided in court was- in Tr inity term,
1825. At the
1icha.elmas term the Re-
porter notes that Justice Ca.mpbell took
his seat upon the bench in place or Chief
Justice Powell, who retired. The Chief
Justice survived his retirement from the
bench nine years. Three years of this
time he spent in Ergland, accompanied
by his wiÏe and daughter. The rest
of his life was spent in quiet retire-
ment in Toronto, where he died in his
seventy-ninth year. His wife survived
him, and died in 1849, in her ninety-first
year. D.'. Gwynne afterwards liver!.
in the house. Then it fell to a ehea.p
lodging-house aDd was finally purchased by

h'. Ald. Verral, who pulled it down to
make room for the stables of the Verral
TransÍer Company. Mr. Verral hall kindly
given Mr. J. Ross Robertson a. half-a-dozen
0: the logs from the original builrliug and
ou t ot these a couple of chairs and a table
are being made bÿ The Rogers Compd.ny.

CHAPTER XXIX.
THe: PUBLIC MARKETS.

Tbe Fint PubUc Mark..t in Torouto nnd th.
, Strnctures
nb,,('quently Erected 011 tll"
Same Site-Tbe PiHory and tbe Stocks.
In the year lí99 Peter Hunter, who had
acted as President of the Province of Upper
C mada since th
retirement of Governor
Simcoe, wa.s appointed Lieutenant-GC\vernor,
and in Augu!!t of the same year he arrived
at York in the sprine: aud was met on land-
ing by the Queen's R?,ngers, who esco
te

him home, when later m dIe day he receivea
congratulations on his safe arriva.l and ap-
pointment. The Governor travelled about
considerably until the sprinf.{ of the next
year when he took up his resitlence at the
Garrison and called a meeting of parlia-
ment. Durmg the next three year,;; of tbe
Governor's ü.dmiuistration, public bmine8s
of various kinds was transacted. In the
Gazett
and Oracle of July 13th, 1799, we

60

LAN D.MARKS OF TOROt-, TO.

\ .

(
r'
-----..

- -\" 1
-
I

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"

\..

LA
DMAßKS OF TORONTO.

61

read the following advertisement:-" O.
Pierce & Co, ha.ve for sale: Best spirits by
the puncheon, barrel, or ten gallons, 20,
per "a.I.; do. bV the single gallon, 22s;
rum Dy the puncheon, barrel, or ten gallons,
18s per gal. ; brandy by the barrel, 20s per
gallon; port wine by the barrel, 18s p
r

al. ; do. by sin
le gaHon, 20s per gal;
ill
by the barrel, 1& per gal; teas, Hyson, 198
per lb; Souchong, 148 do. ; Bohea, 8
do. ;
sugar, best loaf, 3s 9d per Ib; lump, 3s 6d ;
raisins, 3;;: ngs, 3
; salt, six dollars per
barrel, or 128 per bushel. Also a few dry-
goods, shoes, leather, ha.ts, tobacco, snuff,
etc., etc. York, July 6th, 1799." These
pric
s appear to be in Halifax currency. In
1803 the population of York had Increased to
such an extent that there was an impera.-
tive dema.nd for a public market. Accord
ingly the Governor appointed weekly m&rk
t
day and a place where the market should be
held,
aYlfill in his proclamation which
a ppeared in the Gazette of 3rd N ovem-
bel', 1803, .. P
ter Hunter, Esquire,
Lieutenant-Governor, &c." " Whereas
great prejudice hath arisen to the inha.bi-
tmb! of the town and township of York and
of other adjoining township'! from no pl&ce
or day having been set apa.rt for expo:sing
publicly for sllole, cattle, shef'p, poultry and
other provisions, goods and merchandise
brought by merchants, farmers and others
Íor the nect:ss lry supply of the town
of York and who reas
reat benefit and ad.
vantage luight be derived to the inhabitants
and others by esbblishing a weekly market
at a place and on a da.y certain for
the purpose aforesaid;
"Know all men that I, Peter Hunter,Esq. ,
Lieutena.nt-Governor of the said Province,
tlloking the prem,ses into consideration, and
willing to promote the interest, and advant-
age, and accommodation of the inhabitants
of the Town and Township afor.'said, and
of others, His Majesty's subjects, within
the sl\id Province, by and with the advice
of the Executive Council thereof, have 01'-
dain
d, erected, established and appointed,
ann. do hereby ord:1Ïn, erect, establish and
appoint, a public open market, to be held
on Saturday in each and every week during
the year, within the said town of York :-
(The first mu.rket to be held therein on

atllrday), on a. certain piece or plot of land
within that town, consisting of five acres al:d
a half, oOlllmendng at the south-east angle
of th' .,aid plot, at the corner of Market
street and New street, then north sixteen
deF!rees, west five chains sevellte n links,
more or less, to King street; then alon{!'
King street south seventy-four dearees

west nine cltains fifty-one links, mo
'e or
,ess, to Church street; then south sixt
ell

devrees east six cha.ins thirty-fonr link.
more or less to Market street; then along

larket street north seventy-four d
greea
east two chains; then north sixty-four
degrees, east along Market street seven
cha.ins sixty links m:>re or less, to the
place of beginnin
, for the purpose of ex-
posing for sale cattle, sheep, poultry, and
other provisions, goods and merchan.iize,
as aforesaid. Given under my hand and
seal at arms, at York, this twentY-8ixtb
day of October, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and tl1ree, and
in the forty-fourth year of His Majesty's
reign. P. Hunter, Esquire, Lieutenant-
Gov'ernor. By His Excel eney's command,
\V m. Jarvis, Secretary." The present St.
Lawrence Hall occupies a part of this allot-
ment. Govecnor Hünter had established:a
Market Square, but as yet, there was no Mar-
ket building. In the Legislative session:of
1814, an act supplementary to Governor
Hunter's was passeci, empowerin
the Com.
missioners of the Peace for the home dis-
tr;ct to fix upon certain days and hours,
and to make rules and re
lations for the
conduct of the market, which are to be
posted on the do01 s of the Church a.nd
Court house. la 1820 appeared an ad ,-er-
tisement in the Gazette asking f/)r tendertl
for a market. house, This first market
was simply wooden sha.mbles forty-five feet
Ion" and thirty feet wide running
north &nd south a.nd situ&ted in the middle
of the squ&re. Four years later the Market
Square was enclosed on the east, ",est and
south sides" with a pioketiug and oak
ribb0n, the pickets at ten feet distance from
each other with three openings or foot
paths on each side." These wooden
shambles constituted the public market up
to,three years befon the town of York WIloS
tral sformed into the CIty of Toronto. The
digging of a public well here, near King
was an event of considerable interest in
the
owú. Dr. Scad ding says: "Group.
of school boys every day sca.nned narrowly
the progress of the undertakinv ; a cap of
one or other of them, mischievously pre-
cipita
ed to ;he depths where the labourers'
m,Ltto,'ks were
o be heard picking at
the shale below, may have impressed the: ex-
ecution of this public work all the more
indelibly on he -recollection of some of
them." The Upper Canada Gazette states
that thi!i was in 1823. An official adver-
tisement in the Gazette of June the 9th,
1823, calls for pr,')posals to be SE:nt in to
the ffi:.::e of the Clerk of the Peace, "for
the sinking a well, stonin2' and sinking ..
pump therein, in the most approved
manner, at the Market Square of the said
town (of York), ior the convenience of the

62

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

publie.. It is added that persons desirous F;our per barrel, f:3 lOs; wheat per bushel,
of contracting for same must give in 103; pf'as per bushel, 786d j barley and
t
ir propoøa.ls on csr before Tue"day, the rye, 7s 6d; oats per bushel, 5s ; hay
"rat day of July next ensuing; a.nd the per ton, ;(5 ; stra.w per ton, ;(3; beef on
8Ïiroatnre .. hy order of the coo1rt" is that foot,per cwt f:2 5s ; beef, slaughtered,per lb.,
of H S. Heward, Clerk of the Peace, H. 7
d.; salt pork, per barrel, -ï,7 lOs; pork,per
D., (Home Distriet.) carca.se,per pound, nd ; mutton, per Ib.,9d ;
The tender of John Hutchison and George vea.l, per lb., 8d ; butter, per Ii), Is 3d ;
Betherin
ton wss accepted. They offered bread, per loaf, of four pounds, Is 6d. How
to do the work "for the sum of !:25 much pl"ices had fallen by the restoration
CnJrreucy on coming to the rock, with the of peace may be seen from the table of
addition of seven øhillings and sixpence per prices current at the York market &8 given
foo' for boring into the rock umil a by James Strachan in 1819. It is a8 fol-
sufficient supply of wa.ter can be got, should lows:-
it be required." The wf')rk was done, Beef, per lb., 58,7.); mutton, per lb., 6s 7d;
and tbe ac
ount paid July 30th, 1823. veal, :?er lb., 69 7
d; pork, per lb., 78
Tile ehar
e for boring eight feet two 10d; fowls, per pair, 3s to 4
; cheese, 6d
inches through the rock was -ï,3 Is. 3d. to nd; butt!:'r, per lb., Is 3d; eggs,
The whole well and pump thus cost the per doz., Is 3d; peas, per hush., 5s 6,1 ;
county the modest S11m of only -ï,28 Is. 3d. potatoes, per bushel, 28 to 2;; 6d; OatiS, per
The eha.rge for flagging around the pump, bushel, 3s to 3;; 9d; turnips, per bushel, Is
for co loga, stone, and workmanship," was to Is 3d; cahbages, per head, 2d; flour, per
æ5 2s. 4
d.. paid to Mr. Hugh Carfrae, cwt., 15s to 16<1 3d; flour, per barrel, -ï,1
pathmaster. A well was sunk in the 7s 6J to tl IOs; tallow, per lb., 71d to 8(1 :
marker; square and provided with a hay, per ton, ;(2; straw, per bundle, 3d;
pump for the convenience of the wood, per cord, lOs to 12s 6d.
public. This well now exists some- In April, 1822, peace then reigning, York
where under the present market. Auc, prices were :-Beef, per Ib, 2d to 4d; mut-
tions were held in the square, Patrick tOIl, 4d to 5l1; veal, 41 to 5d; pork, 2d to
Ha.ndy and P,ltrick McGann being two of 1 2-trl; fowls, per pair, Is 3d ; turkeys, each,
the most humorous and best known men in ,3s 9.1; geese, 2;; tld; ducks, per pair,
this line. The pillory and stoèk3 were set Is 10d; cht'ese, per Ib: 5d; bntter, nd;
up here, and continued in use until the ypar e
gs, per duz., 5d; whea
, per bUl:ihel,
Toronto assumed the municipal dig- 2;; 6d; barley, 28 lbs., 2s; oats, Is; pease,
nity. In 1804 Elizabeth Ellis for being a Is l
d; potatoes, per bushel, 18 3d; tur-
nuisance wa.s sentenced to six months' im- nips, Is; cabbal2'es, pér head, 2d; flour.
prisonment and to stand in the pillory on per cwt., 6s 3d; flour, per bane!. 129 6d ;
two market days for two hours at a time, tallow, per Ib, 5d; lard, per lb, 5d ; hay,
The same year a man by the name of Camp- per ton, -ï,2 10s; pork, per barrel, ;(2 10s;
'bell was given the same punishmeuti for wood, per cord. 10s.
using "seditious la.ngua
e." The stocks, In 1831 the wooden market building was
the pillory, the lash and the brand were in torn down and in its place was erected
practice at York probably from a quadran
lar brick building with arched
its settlement. In 1798 Joseph gateway entrances at the sides. Around it
McCarthy was burned in the hand were set posts with iron chains dependent.
pursuant t.:> his Sf'ntence. Public floggings This building filled the whüle square with
were frequen
. D:'. Scadding relates that the exception of roadways on the east and
he onee saw at the market place" the horr;d west sides. Around the four sides of this
exhibition of a public whipping. A dis- new market above the butchers' stalls ran
charged regimental drummer, a native 1\ wooden gallery. Here in 1834 occurred
African, administered the lash. The sheriff a frie:httul accident. A politic,tl meeting
stood by keeping count of the stripes. was being held and the gallery was over-
'lhe senior of the 'wo unfortunates crowded. 'Vhile One of the sp akera was
bore his punishment with stoicism, en- haranguin
the assemblage part of the bal-
couraging the nep-TO to strike with cony gave way precipitating the pèople to
1I10re force. The other, a young man, en- the floor below. In Ihe descent
any were
deavoured to imitate his compallion in this caught uprm th-- sharp UPCUI ved Iron hooks
respect but soon wag obliged to evince by of the butch ra' Sta.:I8. The kil ed and
fearful crit:s the torture endured." wounded on this occa!'ion were :-80n of Co I.
During the Wal' with the United ::)ta.tes Fitzgibbon, injured severely; Mr. Mountj()ÿ',
the magistrates in 1814 fixed asca.leofprices thi{!h broken; Mr. Cochrane, injured severe-
for the miiita.ry authorities to pay at the ly; :Mr. Charles Daly, thigh brokpn; Mr.
IDArket for provisions. It was a.ø foHows: Geor
e Gurnett, wound in tbe head; Mr.

LANDMARRS OF TORONTO. 6

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

15.
.i6.
17. P. Armstrong, Y on
e street road.
18. Thomas Allen, Front street.
19. S. \V at80n, Henrietta street.
20. Je.mes O.\kes.
21. J. Ma&on.
22 Jas. Parker, Lot street west.
23. Jonathan Dunn, Lot street we8t,
the Common.
24. John Bishop, 6 Market Lane.
25. Robert Ba.roes, Duchess street.
26. J,.mes Petch, Lot street west.
27. Thomas Bright, Princess atreet.
28. L Thomp-ou, Lot atreet we"t.
29. Benson Wheeler, 80 Y onge street.
30. B'iee John, Y onge street.
31. Speara and D;
via.

Keating, injured internally; Mr. Fenton, \32. John Betteridjre, King street.
injured; Master Gooderham, thigh broken; 33. FJ'ancis Langdrill.
Dr. Lithgow, contused severely; Mr. 34.
Morrison, contused severely; Mr. Ald.er- 35.
man Denison, cut on the head; Mr. Over the shops, at the south end of
Thornhíll, thi
h broken; Mr. Street, arm the market, is the General PrintinJ;t Offioe
broken; MI". Deese, thigh broken; another of G. P. Bull.
Mr. Deese, leg and 801m broken; Mr. Market Maeter, Curry Colson, 3 Market
Sheppard, injured internally; Mr. CHeve, Lane.
Mr. Mingle, Mr. Preston, Mr. Armstrong, AS::liøtant do., Patrick Connell, 7 King
Mr. Leslie, (of the Garrison), Master street.
BilJing<(,' Mr. Duggan, Mr. Thoma.s Ridout, The market weighing machine is outside
Mr. Brock, Mr. Turner, Mr. Hood, (since the market on the bay shore."
dead), severely injured, &c. The dama.ge done to the northern end of
THE SECOND MARKET, the qua.dra.ngle durin
the great fire of 1849
The city directory of 18
3-4 says :- led to the demolition of the whole building,
" The centre ot the market, for farmers' and the erection of the St Lawrence Hall
waggons, &c. Over the butchera' shops are and Market. Over windows on the second
a (ange of wa.rehouses, part occupied by storey at the south-east corner of the red
Gill{:spie, Jamieson, & Co., who also occupy brick structnre now rf:moved, there ap-
the north-west corner of this large build- peared, for severa.l veal'S, two signs, united
ing, fronting King street, over pø.rt of which at the angle of the building, each indicat-
is the Commercial News Room. The north- ing by its inscription tHe pia.ce of "The
ea.st corner, fronting King street, is H. M. Huron and Ontario Ra.ilwav " office.
Mosley's Auction and General Commission THE ST. LAWRENCE MARKET.
Wa.rehouses, who have part of ':he ware- This occupied the block bounded by King
house over the butchers'shops. The large and. Front streets, and east and west Mar-
room over the entrance is for general meet- ket Squares, East Market S
uare be
a
ings, &c., connected with the town." continuation of Jarvis street. The building
Names of the butchers and residencea. is in the form of a capital letter, I. It
1. Ja.mes Todd, 5 Richmond street. was erected in 1850 to meet the preaøing
2. exigeT\cies of the citIzens. The hall is ap-
3. John Graham, Caroline street. prnpria.red for meetings and public excibi-
4. Robert Atkinson, 26 Lot street. tions, and is capable of accommodatin't one
5. William King, Caroline street. thousand persons. The principal object of
6. Thomas Balderson, 12 Front street. the desi
ner of this edifice, \-Vm. Thomas,
7. William Glendinning, Caroline street. wps to ensure its complete usefulness as
8. T. Nightingale, Y onge street road. WE'll as ornamenta.litv, for, while the hall is
9. J. Baker, Black Bull, Lot street. used for pubhc purposes, in its rear runs
10. W. Lenton, Duche'Js street. the St. Lawrence Market, a range of arcade
11. T. Wilson, Market Lane. 200 feet in length by 29 Îeet in breadth, with
12. W. B. Walker, York street. neat stores on each 8Îdc", at the end of
13. Jonathan Scott, Y onge. street roa.d. which is a.nother frontage south, consisting
14. John Linfoot, Elizabèth street, Macau- of general stor
s. The King street. front-
lay Town. ai!e of the St, h",wrence Hall is 140 feet in
John Sleigh, March street west. E'x,tent. The entrance to St, Lawrence
Market in the rear is in the centre of the
frontage by an archway, forming a line of

hops on each side and a tra.nsverse piazZ..l.
100 Íeet in depth, over which are, on the
first floor, pub.ic rOGms. On the upper
story is the ha.ll, 100 feet in length by 38
feet 6 inches wide, and 34 feet high; the
near entrance to the hall from the public stair-
case is under the gallery at the north end,
with a saloon, etc. The finishin
of the
interior is in good style, with dado and rich
cornice, the ceiling is boldly covered with
rich pannelled centre a.nd emblematical en-
richments. The front is wholiy of cut stone
of the Roman Corinthian order, from the
example of Jupiter Stator, the centre being
tetra&tyh po, tieo of three-quarter coluums,

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LANDMAßKS OF TORONTO,

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with sculptu:'ed tympauum of the p
Jiment,
surmjuuted with a rich attic, the carved
work throughout the enrichments is of a
rich cIond varied character. The cupola
forms a cirt.::ular open temple of the Cor in
ïhian ort'ler, which contains a fine-toned
ìar
e alarm bell, weighing 2,130 pounds.
The 8g
regate cost of these buildings was
E7,OOO. The first floor i8 used by
the Health Department into offioezs
and rooms for various societies,
while the third floor is the public hall, at
Gne time the finest and mo"t aristocratic
place of a.musement in town. Here all the
concerts, lectures and entertainments
were J:iven up to a compara-
tively recent period. It was here
that Jenny Lind gave her two concerts
before Toronto audiences, Otto Goldschmidt
afterward her husband, being the conductor
of the orchestra on those occasions. The
hall is but little ul'ied for entertainments of
this cbaracter now. The remainder of the
building is but two stories hi
h and is de-
voted to ma.rket purposes, the lower put of
the structure connecting the King and Front
street transverse buildings, being known as
the Arc&de. At the sides .hehered by
sheds, are sb.lls for vendors of every kind
usnally fonnd in a market. The store. on
the east and west sides of the King street
Arcade are private property, built on the
land leased from the Corporation. The
stores in the west wing were for years the
p:acps of business of Lyman, Farr & Co.,
then Lyman, Eiliott & Co., dntJ:gists, and
to this day one of the shop5 is occupied as a
drug establishment. The stores on the east
side were at one time tenanted by George
Ewart, the grocer, Mabley & Co. and Gra-
ham & Co., the Temple of Fashion. Mabley
& C? left Toronto twenty-five years ago
and started bUlme8s a.a tailora in Detroit and
subsequently in Cincinnati. These estab-
l1sbIp
Dts in tbese (:ities are .-!.he large!!t of
the kind on the continent. The fa.her of
*he :Mableys died a. few yean ago.

CHAPTER xxx.
THE MILITARY CEMETERIES.

HDD(lreds of OblUerated aDd For2"Ueo.
C.r:avc's In tbe Soldiers. Burial Grollud-
TlleTombstoDe
that Stili Kemaln.
Th 1 soldier finds a nameless grave in time
of war, and in this respect he is not much
better off in time of peace, for of tbe graves
in the military burying grounds of T
rontø
by
ar the greater part are forgotten and
oblIterated. On the establishment of the
sei.lt of government a.t York and the station-
5

ing of troops here a c
earlúg was laid out
in the thick brushwood at what is now St.
John's Square, at the western end of \Vel-
linszton place, and dnvotE>d to the burial of
the dead. It is an ancient cemetery, for in
it was bnried a child of the first Governor
of U ppt:r Canada-SirJ ohn Graves Simcoe-
a fdoct commemorated on the exterior of
the mortuary chapel over hill Own grave
in Devonshire by a tablet with the inscrip-
tion : "Katharine, born in Upper Canada,
16th Jan., 1793, died and was buried at
York Town in that province in 1794,"
The cemetery as laid out was of a.n oblong
shape; its four picketed sides direct d ex-
0.ctly toward the four cardinal points of
the compass. The staking out of streets
here wa.s a comparatively late event and
occurred at the second extension of York
westward. In this old buryin
grounll
once occurred a scene which might have taken
place in some warlike tribe of savages at
the obsequies of their chief. Ci\ptain Bat-
tersby, a British soldier, sent out LO take
command oi a provincial corps during the
war of 1812, was the owner of several ma.g-
nificent horses to which he wa!!
reat1y
attached, On the conclu!!!ion of peace at
the close of the war, when the captain was
ordered home, many of his brother officers
and residents ?Î York offered to purchase
his horses, but he steadily refused to sell
them up to the day before his departure
for home, when it became known what his
purpose wa.s in regard to his favourites.
He ordered a squad of soldiers to lead the
animals to the buryiDg ground, where they
were all shot dead. He preferred this fate
for them to the uncertainties of their condi-
tion ill the hands of another owner. The
carcasses were buried on the spot where
the shooting took place. In this burYIng
ground were interred the remains of Benjamin
Halloweil, a near connection of Chief Jus-
tice Elmsley, and father of Admiral Sir
Benjamin Hallowell, K. C. B. He died on
Thur
day, .Ma.rch 28th, 1799, in the seventy-
fifth year of his age, and the funeral WitS
held from the house ot Chief Justice Elms-
Jey on the following Tuesday at one o'clock,
the interment being at the Garri
on Bury-
ing Ground. Mr. Hallowell was one of
the first owners of a park lot on the old
road leading down from Fort Rouille.
With the extension of the city west-
wð.rd the old burial ground was aban-
doned and the ground levelled off into a
square. The only existing indication that
it ever served as a cemetery is a row of
tombstones ranged along the fence at the
western boundary of the square. Some
are of marble, some sand-stone and other!"
wood. At the northern ext emitv of the

66

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

line is the heaòstone of Lieutenant Z:lCha- 1 Matthew MO::lrhead, Robert Morris, Frede-
ria.h Mudge, priTate secretary of Governor rick Rudman, Michael Farron, James
Colborne, who shot himself June 10, 183L Forsyth and John Forsyth, soldiers. At
Only two graves removed is a small stone I the extreme south of the line is the most
bearin
the simple inscription: "John pretentious memoriaL It is a recumbrmt
S!l.urnariez Colborne, born May 1, 1826, stone to the memory of Mackay John
died July 30, 1829." He was the son of Scobie, who died August 26, 1834, aged
Sir John Colbol'ne, one of the Governors I (-'i
hteen years, and Kenneth Scobie, who
of Upper Canada. Near by are several died September 10 of the såme year, aged
broken stones with undecipherable inscrip- twenty-five years. They were sons of the
tions, on one of which only the word8: late Captain Ja.mes Scobie, of the 93rd
.. Archibald Currie, of Glasgow, Sc
tland," I Hi
hlan:lers, and of the 4th Royal Veteran
can be m&de out. Here as in the newer Battalion. The stone was p!aced over the
cemetery are several soldiers who came remains by Hugh Scobie, of Toronto, a
to their deaths by accident. Privates brother of the decea.stld brothers. These
Wil1iam Jewell and Michael JeWell" memorials above mentioned are all that
drowned, anù Pa.trick Raftery killed on the remain to mark the names of those who
railroad. The next stone is to the memory were consigned to mother earth there durin'{
of Barbara Mary, daughter of the R
v. J. the petiOlI-of sixty year
that this plot was
Hudwn, who died July 17, 1831. He diett I 3. burial ground. The next military burial
in the Harper Hou,e, corner Queen and Sim- ground was at Dufferïn street, where the
coe. The mostnoticeable thing about this row Great 'Vestern Railway now runs, just
of grave-stones is the number of women back of the exhibition mam building. Only

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OLD CEMETERY TOMBSTONES.
-.:ad cbildren it memoriali.es Charlotte, I five or six interments were made there
wifu of John Armitage, of the Ordnance when, on account of the unBuitable quality
D.JP&rtment, who died April 8, 1819; Mar- of the soil, burialø were discontinued and

II Ryan, wife of \Villiam Ryan, of the th . remains removed to the cemetery west
Canadian Riflcs, who died in 1835. and I of the old fort. The first military ho;pital
Julia Courtney a.re buried here. The was close by the Grand Trunk railway
children are the infant dau
bter of W. under the hill, near where the cattle sheds
and Emma Harrington j iufant son of now are, at ths foot of Tecumseth street.
Matthew Moorhead; infant children of I It was a Bmall brick buildin
. It was after-
Joseph and Jane Raymond; infant daughter ward turned into an emigrant hos{>ital.
of George and Catharine McEwan ; infant The cemetery west of the old fort. is now
son of John and Bridget Prickett; infant I rankly overgrown with grass and thistles.
Bon of James R. a.nd Mary Ann Mc- and no effort is ma.de to keep it in condi-
Gowan: infant daughter of Major Charles tion. There are abom; two hundred graves
Leving<=!; infant son of George and Mar, I distinguishable by the mounds of earth.

aret Long; infant son of J. E. 8:nd M. I? the whole cemetery t
lere are only twen
y.
Sharp; infant daughter of Da.vld and eight stones or wootten slabs standmg
Mary \VeitcÏl. The oldest stone here to tell who lies beneath. A few
is that to Mrs. Armitage, bearing the I broken stones have fallen; most of them
date April 8, 1819. The latest is that to are undecipherable and the rest ar
name-
Privl:I.te William Jewell, 1862, The other less. All tbe headstones are of the slmples*
stones are to the memory of John ßlaber, and p1ainest character. There is not a monu-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

67

ment or shaft in the yard. On a few I graves is one of Walter 1'oronto Lewis,
gra.-es are simple wooden crosses without the one year old son of Mr. and Mn.
any inscription. Here and there is a square Frederick Lewis, who died in 1868. The
picketed enclosure about a grave, the I 13th Hussars has the greatest number of
fence in a Terr dilapidate
condition .and burials. At two grav
s are ti
y marble
overgrown with grass, thIstles and IVY. slabs, not over five lDches wIde and .
But one grave bears token that its foot hi
h, bearinjo{ simply the inscriptions:
occupant is still cherished in memory. , U G. M. a.nd G. F. S." They are evidently
Tho grave is that of Sergeant-Ma.jor F, I remembered, for loving hands had recently
'V. Gathercole, of C School of Infantry, propped up the broken aJ;ld fallen me-
who died at the new fort, Toronto, February morials with pieces of wood. Most of th-e
13, 1883, aged forty-two years. A neat J stones bear in!!!criptions to the effect that
marble slab, simple but quite as pre- I they were erected by comrades. But little
tentious as any in the cemetery, bears atòtempt at decoratòion has been made 00
the inscription that it was erected by his the slabs. Here and there is a flag,..
comrades in affectionate remembrance. pair of clossed swords. a wreath, a cr08!l,
About the
rave the grass and thi!tles I a crown, and other usual emblems of ihis
have been cleared away. and four pots character all very simply executed.
of geraniums in bloom had been placed Amonp; the dead who lie here are:

--.
.......'"
,
, r
t
h

CEMETERY \\EST OF THE GARRISON.
on it. The stone marking the resting place I Trumpeter James McMahon. 13th HUssal'8;
of Assistant Commissary-General, John Rachel, wIfe of Sergeant-Major \Villiam
Moira McLean Sutherland, is broken and Ross, of the 4th Artillery; Isabella Thom-
down. Everythin'{ about the
rounds bears I son, Private George Miller, 13th Hussars.
evidence that they are seldom visited, a.nd Colour-Sergeant John Hanney, .7ih
The proportion of soldiers drowned among Regiment. Over how many a now for-
the twenty. eight whose names are deCiPh- 1 gotten and even obliterated grave han
erab!e is large. They are John Manley the customary volleys here been fired-
Rattle. Deputy Assistant Commissary-Gen- those final honours to the soldier always
eral,. J. Ramsl V Akers, Ensign in the 16th I so touching. In the mould of t.his old
RegIment. James Walsh, Private in the cemetery what a miß
linp; from distant
30th Regiment, and Corporal John Smeeton, quarters I Hearts fin,\lly at rest here
of the 13th Hussars. Several graves are I fluttered in their last beats, far away
tho
e of the wives a.nd children of at times, to old familiar scenes beloved
soldiers. The head-stones ran
e in date, in vain long ago; to villages, hedge.
from 1860 down to that of Private E. A. I rows, lanes. fields in green En
land and
Heath. of C School of Infantry, who died in Ireland-in ru
ged Scotland and Wales.
1885, being the most recent. Among the __

68

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAP fER XXXI.
FORTS. FRENCH AND ENGLISH.

.& Sll;et
b or Fort BonlIle. {:ommonly
"Down as Fort Toronto-Thp Old Fort at
Garrbon {:reek .. 1& Wa. and IL
In 1679 the neutrality which existed be-
tween the English and French in regard to
the domain of ,he Five Nations on the south
aide of Lake Oniario waa broken. ana in
that vearLa Saïle
with the permission of
the Aborigines built a small stockade
a
the mouth of the NiQ.gara
river for the purposes of a trading post.
The advantage derived from this by the
French was /:So 'freat that in 1722 Governor
Burnett. of the Province of New York.
erected a trading post on the west side of
;he Oswe'to riyer at its mouth. ':I.'hen re-
spectively in 1725 a.nd 1728 these simple
'radin, stationil of the French and English
were transformed into stone fortresses.
As an offset to the English rivaL
Fort Oswe!l:o. the Count de 180 Galis-
øoniere, the then Governor - General
in 1749. gave direction for the estab-
lishment near the mouth of the Toronto
river-for so the HUmb
r was then called-
of a stockaded tra.din
post. a.nd asked the
GOTernment of Louis the Fifteenth to send
an officer, fifteen soldiers and some work-
men to construct the post and occupv it.
The men were sent. commanded by Officer
Portneuf. The pa/:SS b
tween Lakes On-
tar:o and Huron by way of the Humber was
known as the Toronto pass. and as earlv
as 1686 Governor-General de Denonville
had recommended the erection of a fort at
the Lake Huron enå of the pass to prevent
the English from passing through, but the
suggestion was never acted on. At the
Ontario end of the pa.ss however a fort was
built, and what manner of fort it was may
be known from the description of Captain
Pouchot, the last Frenr.h commandant at
Fort Niagara. in 1760. He says: The fort
of Toronto was at the end of the bay. on
the side which is quite eleTated and covered
by Ha.t rOCk.SO that vessr-]s cannot approach
within cannon shot This fort or post was
a square of about 180 feet on a side externally
with Hanks of fifteen feet. The curtains
formed the buildings of the fort. It was
Tery well built, piece upon piece, but wa,fj
cniy useful for trade. A league west of the
fort is the mouth of the Túronto river. which
ia of considerable size. This river commu-
nicates with Lake Huron by a pOrLa
e of
15 leagues, and is frequented by the Indi '08.
who come from the north." CaptÛn Gother
Ma.nn shows in his "Plan of the Proposed

Toronto Harbour." dated December 6. 1788.
that there were five buildings within the
stockade which he marks out 0.'3 well as tlae
bounds of tbe quadrangle enclosed by the
palisade!!, the line of which was visible, aIld
some, of the cedar posts still standing at the
time of his visit. The ditches where th,' posts
had been set, and the hollowR where the build-
ings stood were visible down to ten years
ago, when the ground was levelled and all
traces of the fort destroyed. Since the
erection of the fort. nearly a century and a
half ago, a great portion of the southern
Bide has been washed away. Dr. Scaddi

remembers seeing a number of ða.t stones
from the beach laid down on the ground in
juxtaposition, and this he
onjectules W&I
an oven. Although the fort was commonly
known and mentioned as Fort Toronto, yet
the official name conferred u\,;on it was Fort
Rouille, in compliment to -Antoine Lou.
Rouille, Count de Jouy. Colonial Minister of
France trom 1749 to 1754_ From the outset
the trade carried on at Fort Toronto was for
the benefit of the Iüng's exchequer, and that
this royal tradiní! post was a source of profit
appears from despatches which state that
losses sustained at other trading stations
will be made good by the Fort Toronto
trade. In 1754 the only occupauts of Fort
Toronto were one officer, two serszeants, a
storekeeper and five soldiers. The number
oi canoes sent up was five, each canoe con-
taining goods worth about seven thousand
French livres. The price given for good
beaver skins wa.s from three livres ten sous,
to five livres a p')und. It is evident from
the complaints made jl.nd from the testimony
of the French that Fort Toronto direct]y
after its establishm, nt was injuring the
t 'ade of Fort N il\gara, as surdy as Fort
Oswego was ruining thatoi Fort .Fronten8oC
across the lake. Francois P,quet, a member
of the fraternity of St. Sulpice. made a trip
of exploration alon
the shores ot Lake
Ontario in 1752. in a royal boat supplied for
the purpose. At Fort Frontenac he found
trade ruined by the EngJish fort at 03wego,
or Choueguen, as the Indian name is. Here he
fared badiy. He complained of the pork
and bacon and Ltmelltei that there was not
enou..:h brandy on hand to wa.ah a wound.
But when he reached F,)rt Toronto he found
a striking contrast. He says :-" The wine
here is of the best; nothing is wantmg in
th
fort; everything is abundant, fiue and
good." Here the MU3sissaga Indians
Hocked around him in great numbers
picturing the happiness their young men,
women and children wou]d feel if the
King of France would only be so good to
them as to the Iroquois and senù them mis-
siona-ries. ".But," they sadly exclaim. "in

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LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

69

I

jO

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

place of a church he has only given us a
c&nteen." The priest told them that thp.y
had been treated according to their own
desires. Still he was much inclined to in-
Yite them to his mission at the mouth of the
river Oswegatchie, opposi,e Prescott, bui as
he wail under orders from the Governor
to confine hia proselyting E'fforts to the Iro-
quois he went on his way b Fort Niagara.
He finds that the trade there had
been diminishlD2 since the erection
of Fort Toronto and he strongly
recommends the discontinuance of the latter
Fort. At the same time h8 deprecates the
policy of greed as displayed in th8 8'11-
deavour to pass alloyed silver among the
Indi.ns and in the demand of ten beavers
for an equiyalent for which the English
only asked two. "True it is," he says,
" that French brandy is preferred to Eng-
lish rum, but that;doesn't prevent the Indians
from going to Oswego," But it was to be
only a short time before the Fort of
Toronto was to be not merely
discontinued, but absolutely destroyed
and the question all to what were
the best trading places taken out of the
hands of the French fort' vel'. The jealousy
between the En{{lish and French in the
northern part of this continent was rapidly
growing. Each was doing its utmoat
to attach the Indians to itself as allies.
The English were steadily encroaching on
the domains of the French Crown. The
relations between En
îand and France were
becoming strained. In the same year that
the French priest drank the good wine
at Fort Toronto, GOTernor de Longueuil
wrote to the .Minister at Versailles that the
English were inducing the Indians to de-
stny the French and that they would give
a good deal to get the savages to destroy
J!"ort Toronto. Later he writes :-"Every
letter brings news of murder; we are men-
aced with a general outbrea.k, and even To-
ronto is in danger." Four years later, in
1756, war was declared between England
and France on the question of North Amer-
i.:an boundaries and the seven yea.rs' con-
flict be
an, which ended in the cession to
Enltland of almost all the French domain
on the North American continent. 1'0-
1'onto was the scene of a plot in 1757
which was all but successful. Ni:cety
Mississaga Indians were on their way to
Montreal to assist the French. \Vhell they
reached Fort Toronto, where they encampeà,
findiÐs.{ that the only occupants of the fort
Wpre M. Varren, the storekeeper, and M.
de N oyelle wi th ten men under him, it oc-
curred 1;0 them that the opportunity of
pillaging the fort and getting possession of
the brandy stored in it was t.:lO good to be

108t, notwithstanding the fort was occupied
by tbeir friends. A .French
l!Jernnt girl
ìe&rned of the plot and infol med M. de
N oyelle, who lost no time in sendin

to Fort Niagara for help. At fonr
o'clock on the afternoon of tIN! next
da.y. two batteaux with sixty-one soldiers
under comma.nd of Captain de 180 Feste and
M. de Puisun, ran into the bay, Each boat
had a swivel gun at the bow. When they
neared the shore they sent a volley of can-
non and muske.t balls over the tops of the
Indian wi&{wa.ms,and summoned the 8&va
es
at once to a council. The Indians confe!!sed
the plot, but endeavoured to pallia.te their
treachery by saying they had heard tbe
English had drinn out the French.
But Captain Pouchot says that all they
wanted wan the brandy. But a year of
exiatence w::s now lefi to Fort Toronto. Iu
1756 Montcalm captnred Fort Oswego.
Three yean la.ter Colonel Bradstreet caD-
tured Fort Frontenac, and at the same time
Colonel Haldlmand re-captured Oswe20.
Governor De V audreuil. the second of the
name, in 1758 ordered all the available
troops to be sflnt down from the west for
the protection of Fort NialZara. At the
same time he gives orders to the command-
ant at Fort Toronto to collect all the Indian..
pm;sible and forward them to the same
place. directing that jf the English should
make their appearance at j!'ort Toronto it be
burned at once, and the garrison fall back on
Niagara. The Indian hunter had drank his
last glass of French brandy in Fort Toronto,
for only a short time afterward Vaudreuil's
orders were carried into effect. The next
year after a lIie
e of thr ee weeks Niagara
surrendered. When Sir William Johnson.
who succeeded General Prideaux, killed in
the trenches at Niagara. had captured that
fort, he sent Lieutenant Francis with 30
men to reconnoitre Fort Torontio, purposing
on his return to despatch a force to destroy
it. All Lieutenant Francis found were five
piles of burnt'd timber and three rows
of charred and broken cedar posts.
Tequakareigh, a chief of the Clllppewaa,
returned with Lieut. Francis, and was
granted an audience by Sir William, the
result of which was the chief promised
Sir Willid.m to abandon the French cause
and live in friendship with the English.
Then Sir William sent him back to his tiribe
to keep his engagemen
, having clothed
him, given him gifts, hnd suspended an
English medal about his neck
in place of the French one he wore.
Fort Toronto was never rebuilt. In 1760
Major Robert Rogers, an officer who had
distin
uished himself in the war, visited the
site of it on his way to take possession of

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the western forts va,cated by the French. Americans in 1813 and the old fort, and 8
He <ays: U There was a tract of about three little west of the stone barracks. Dr. Scad.
hundred acres cf cleared lar.d round the ding, from whose history of F{.rt Rouille
pJac' where formerly the French had a furt this description is condensed, severely criti.
called Fort Toronto. The soil is principally cÌzes the historians Benson J. Lossing and
clay. The deer are extremely plentiful in S. G. Goodrich, and points out ma.ny
this country. Some Indians were hunting errors it,to which they have fallen, as
at the mouth of the river who ran into the to history, topography and orthography.
woods on our appro!l.ch very mnch fright- At the time of the capture of York by the
ened. They Cdme in, however, in United States forces, the site of Fort To-
the morning, and te!òtified their joy ati ronto had been previously selected a.s the
the news of our success against the point of debarkation, but on account of the
French. TheV told us we could easi y heavy" inds the boats were carried far to
accomplish our journey from thence to De, the westward, where the landing took place.
troit in eight days; that when the French \Vhen III 1878 the Government secured a
traded at that place, the Indians used to la.rge portion of the Garrison Common for the
come with their peltry from Michilimackinac Indu<:trial Exhibition, the site of the French
down the River Toronto. 1 think r')roIìto a Fort was included 10 the survey. Pre
-ious to
most convenient place for a factory," the that time a dilapidated wooden'Ïence had en-
Majora.dds, meaning by factory, trading post. closed the an a of the fort. This fence did
Captain Gother Mann, an officer of the not form a perfect
quare, as the originalliues
Royal En
ineers. was instrncted in 1788 to of the palisades did not run at right angles
examine Toronto harbour, take soundings either to Dufferin street or the shore of the
and look over the whole locality with a view bay. \Vhen the ground was prepared for
to the establishment of a settlement the park, it bec8,me necessary to remove this
h8l"e. He drew a ground plan of the old fence and level the mounds and fill up the
French fort, showing the lines of the stock- depressions which were the sale remaiDB of
ade and the five little parallelograms, inside the first settlement at Toronto. Tha.t the
being the storehou.:;e, a little in adva.nce uf historic spot miJ.!ht not be lost, a cairn of
the others, and the quarters for thE' keepers, unhewn stone was mountl'd upon a huge
officers, soldiers and men employed. Cap- granÌLe boulder brought up out of the en-
tain Ma.nn entitled his map, .. Plan of the trance to the bay by dredge, bearing this
Proposed Toronto Harbour, with the Pro- inscription-" This cairn marks the
posed Town and Port by the Settlement." exact site of Fort Rouille, commonly
He expreBBes his opinion that the known as Forti Toronto, an Indian
beat position for a fort to protect Tradmg Post and
tockade, Estabiished
the proposed settlement iR the ex- A. D, 1749, by order of the Government of
act spot to-day occupied by the Louis XV., in accordance with the recom,
stone barracks. From thb point slantine:ly mendations of the Count de III. Galissoniere,
across the entrance into the harbour he Administrator of New France 1717.1749.
takes soundings and finds the water to vary Erected by the Corporation of the City of
from one to four fathoms in depth. Captain Toronto, A. D, 1878." For six years the
Mann also lays out a town on paper, making cairn served Its p'.lrpose. It then bega,n to
the town plot exactly square, consisting of settle, and it was felt that a more sUitable
eleven equal-sized blocks each wa.y, a broa.d memorial should take its p!ace. At the
strip of reserved ground in front, a large semi-centennia.l in 1884, of the incorpora-
patch of commons in the rear and the sur- tion of Toronto as a city, and the
rounding country cut up into farms and restoration of the name which had
roads. In the time of Augustus Jones, the been los\ for nearly half a century.
land surveyor brought over by Governor the foundation of a monument
Simcoe, the Toronto ri vel' had come to have was laid by the then Lieutenant-Governor
aDother name-
t. John's river. Augus- 01 Ontario, the HOll. John Beverley Robin-
tUB Jones makes a survey of the I>on. Three years later on the occasion of
broken front concession of York, and the 50th anniversary of the reign of Queen
from this it is evident that the Victoria. by mellons of grants from the city,
old French fort stood two chains or 132 feet donations from the Industrial Exhibition
from the present Dufferin street. Mr. Jones Association and the Associated Pioneers of
obserTes the remains of an old forge, and the City of
l'oronto and Ancient County of
notes that the timber is birch, back oak, York, and subscriptions flom individuals
beech and hemlock, the soil clay. In sufficient fuuds were raised to
Auchinleck s history of the war of 1812 he I complete the monument, which was
shows that the old French fort stood nearly unveiled by the Marquis of Ltns-
half way between the landiD({ place of the rlowlle, Governor, General of Canada.

-. OE " T nRO
TO.
RKs
L.\KDMA _

73

....:=:::;;::;

-

74

LAN D.MARKS OF TORONTO.

on the openin
day of the Exhibition, Sept.
6th, 1887. The monument consists of a
substructure of rough stone five feet in
depth and twelve and a ha.lf feet square at
its lowest p:ut, diminishing by steps to
about twelTe feet square at the surface.
For four feet are three courses of cut Credit
Valley stone to a block forming the main
body of the pedel!tal, fiTe feet square and
five and a half feet in height. Over this is
a course projecting eight inches a.nd there is
a block formÏDg a transition trom the square
to the round form upon which resta
the column, a shaft in eight di-
TÌsions, tapering from five feet at
the ba.se to two feet at the
summit which terminates in a conical apex.
The height from the surface is about 30 feet.
The cost was $2,500. On the north side of
the pedestal is the inscriptIon, "Fort To-
ronto, an Indian Tradin
Post, for Some
TIme Known as Fort Rouille, was Establi.sh-
ed Here A. D. MDCCXLIX, by order of
Louis XV." This monumentcommemon,tes
much. It is commemoratiTe of Indian,
French and English supremacy. It
links the civilized present with
the B&Tage past. It celebrates the
beginning, by the primitive system of barter,
of that
reat commerce which has made
Toronto the actual metropolis of Canada.
It is the joining of old Toronto with new
Toronto. It is not improbable that but for
the establishment of this French tradin

post some other site might have been chosen
for the capitliLl of the new proTince. Here
nearly a century and a half ago were
piled on the grass for exchange
the products of European mills and
fa::tories on one side and the pelts
of wild animals and IiLrticles of native
workmanship on the other. Here met the
viv,lcious Frenchman and the taciturn In-
dia.n, and between them founded Toronto.
After the destruction and abandonment of
Fort Toronto by the French the site re-
mained deserted, nor W!l.S any attempt made
to re-establish a settlement of any kind in
this Ticinity until more than thirty years
afterward, when Governor Simcoe in 1793
laid the foundations of York, four miles to
the eastwarå of the French stockade.
Durine: Governor Simcoe's administration a
new fort was built and a stockade
erected around it, on the west
side of Garrison creek, east of the site
of tbe old fort. In this creek, before
the woods were cut dc;wn, salmon
used to be caught for quite a distance up
the valley. The GOTernment common at
the water's edge on the centre of which the
fort was built on elevated ground was ori-
ginally a portion of a great circle radiating

a thousand yards from its centre, the fort.
The eastern entrance to the fort was
reached by an ascent from the raTine 01
Garrison Creek. The arched gateway was
protected by strong iron stuaded portals.
\Vithin a sentry and the
uard house on the
left, beyond the loop-holed block house on
one side and the quarters of the men, (lfficers
a.nd commandant on the other. Up to
1849 the buildings on the east side of the
enclosure were pretty much the same as in
the year 1800. Some of the log houses had
been clapboarded and giTen a semi-respect-
able appearan
e. The row of log houses on
the left hand side of the entrance were
standing in 1859, a.nd were the same build-
ings erected in 1796 by the Queen's Rangers,
the first military regiment qua! tered at
York Garrison The R,mgers came from
Niagara in the sprin
of 1794, and in an old
Masonic record, discovered by Ml" J. Ross
Robertson, we find that the Queen's Rangers
Loj
e, or "Lodge No.3 of Ancient York
Masons," met in York Gßl'rison in 1799.
1800. The building in which they held
tbeir meetings was the south house in the
row of log houses above mentioned. .rhe
fire oÍ 1812 did not in any way affect this
row of buildings. There were four houses
in the row, each with about twenty feet
front and twenty-five feet deep. A veran-
dah or shed r&.n the entire lens;rth of the
front, and in wet weather the sentry on
guard, instead of standing in the aentry
box, which stood on the nOI th of the veran-
dah, would kill time by walking to and fro
under this protecting shed. The house,
adjacent to the gateway or entrance, was
the guard room, the second and third
houseß were mess rooms, a.nd the fourth or
sout
was used by the engineers attached to
the Queen's Rangers ior drawing plans, and
they kept the shelves filled with various
publications, maps, etc., and an array of
general literature. An ingenious brother
had employed his sp:lre time in decorating
the upper part of tbe entrance with squares
and compa>ses in brass.headed tacks. Had
the authoritief:l at the \Var Office known
that her Majestv's property was put to
such use, a remonstrance from the Govern-
ment mighf; have been the result. On
Lodge ni2hts a primitive altar, mad6 by the
carpenter of the Rangprp, was used to sup-
port the volume of the sacred law, and
tallow ca.ndles in sconces gave light to the
Lodge while at work, whUe the bright lo

fire in the old-iashioned fire place made the
atmosphere of the room pleasant and agree-
able. Miss Cecil Givinp, sister of Colonel
Givins, who was superintendent of the
Indian affairs in 1797, an old lady now
nearly ninety years of age, has a perfect re-

T ORONTO
RKS OF
LANDMA

'\

75

76

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

collection of this building in 1807. It wad
only a mile from Pinellrove the honsl') Miss
Givins resided in, near the CQrner of Dunel
titreet and th
Brockton road to York Gar-
rison. In a. former sketch a picture of lihis
old landmark was given. Miss Givins
resides at Pinegrove to-day. Passing
throu
h the fort grounds and out beyond
by the western gate one comes upon the
Garrison reserve, a large open space in the
eastern part of which a military cemetery
was la.id out in modern time", and a con-
siderable distance wes
of it the white stone
barracks, farther on wesil, the location of
the present rifle butts, still farther the site
of the old French fort, and be-
yond Gibraltar Point, the extreme
western limit of the peninsula.
On the other aide ea!:tward of Bathnrst st.
is the old military bnrying ground. In the
early days of the fort there was a battery at
the southwestern part of the enclO!!Ure.
The main half, moon battery, inclnding a
small semi.circular bastion for the flag-
.taft' extended along th
brow of the pali-
.aded bank, south of the parade, which was
in the centre of the encl08ure. From thi.
the r:)yal salutes used to be fired on the 11.1'-
riTal and departure of the Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor and at the opening &nd closing of the
legi.elatnre. Ovedooking the raTine of
Garrison Creek was the s0uth-ea!!tern bas-
äOD with a single twelve-pounder which
formerly was fired every day at noon.
The knoll on the east lil'ide of the creek was
coTered with a number oi buildings for the
&
commodation of the troops in addition to
the barracks within the Fort. Here also,
not far from thE' edge of the bank, stood a
block honse loop,holed as frontier forts
were for Indian warfa....... It was sur-
rounded by a stockade of pickets. East-
ward, on tbe brow of the bay, were the
surgeon's quarters, a.nd further eastward
still the commandant's quarters, commonly
known as La.mbeth pa.lacp., though why the
name (',f the official residence of the primate
of all En
1and should be given to a military
building is not quite clear. In L 1mbeth
Palacè lived Major General Æneas Shaw, for
a time, previous to his ownership and occu-
pancy of O:k Hill. Garrison common and the
old tort are the battle field of Toronto. Here
fell General Pike, leader of the yictorious
Americans, just as Genera.l WolfE',
leader of the victorious English, fell
on the Pld.ins of Abraham and
General Brock on Queenston Heights.
Of the invasion by thp. American forces
John Lewi!! Thomson in "Historical Sk!'tches
of the Lt.te War," writes: "Agreeably to a
previous arran
ement with th
Commodore.
General Dea.rborn and his suite with a

force of 1,700 men embarked at Sackett's
Harbour, on the 22nd and 23rd of April,
1813, but the prevalence of a violent storm
prevented the sailinv until the 251..h. On
that day it moved into Lake Ontario and
havin!{ a. favourl\ble wind arrived safely be-
fore York at 7 o'clock on the mornin
ðf the
27th, about one mile to the westward of the
ruins of Fort 'l'oronto and two and a ha1ffrom
the town of York. The execution of that
part of the plan which appïed immediately
to othE'r attacks upon York was confided to
Colonel Pike, of the 15th Relliment, who
had been promoted to the rank of Brigadier
General, and the position which had been
fixed upon for landing the troops was the
site of the old fort. The approach of the
fleet bein
discovered from the enemY'9
ga.rrison, General Sheaft'e, the British com-
mandant, hastily collected his whole force,
consisting of 750 regulars and militia,and 100
Indians and disposed them in the best man-
ncr;toìresist the landing of the Americans.
Bodies of India.ng were observed in groups
in different directions in and about the
woods below the site of the fort, and num-
bers of horsemen st;ationed in the clear
ground surrounding it. At eight o'clock
the debarkation oommenced; at ten it was
completed. Major Forsyth and his riflemen
in several large batteauxwere in the advance.
They pulled vigorously for t
desig;nated
ground at the site, but were forced by a
strone: wind a considerable di.tance above. It
The exact spot where the Americans landed
is t.he point where QIIeen street if extended
in a straight line would strike the water. It
is caned W oUe's cove, and is jU!lt within
the curve of the Humber bay. Circum-
stantiallv the same is the account giTen by
Dr. Scadding, who writes :-" The debark-
ation was opposed by a handful of Indians
under Major Givins. The Glengarry
FencibJes had been dispatche1 to aid in thia
service, but in attempting to approach the
spot by a back road they lost their way, A
tradition exists that the name of Grenadier's
Pond, a lagoon a little to the west, one
of the ancient outlets of the waters
of the Humnpr, is connected with the
disastrous b. wild]rment of a party of the re-
gular troops at tnis critical period. It is at
the same time asserted that the name Grena-
dier's Pond was familiar previously. At
length companil'B of the E J.?;hth Regiment,
of the ROYdol Nt'wfoundland Regiment and
of Incorporated Militia, made their appear-
ance and disputed the progress inland of the
enemy. After suffering severely they re.
tired towards the fort. Then occurred the
fatal explosion of that day. Just inside
the western ga.te of the fort was the western
battery with the magazine at the right of

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

77

the entr8once. A!': the Americans pressed for-
ward through the gate th . magaziIJe explod-
ed, ki1lin
abont 200 .America.ns, a.mong them
Genera.! Pike and some of the defending
foree. The GOTernment Honse of the day,
a. la.rge rambling cluster of one stor(:y build-
ings. was aha\tered to pieces by the concus-
sion, a.nd on the restoration of pea.ce. Chief
Jll.itice EhW'ley's house. on King street.
wail bought and converted into
GOT.rnment House. but for a lon

time afterward it atill went by the na.me of
Klm8ley House. At the time of the invasion
of Cana.da, the fort at York WII.S manned by
the 3rd Regiment of York Militia. In the
regimental order book 0 July 29th. 1812.
OMun this note: "In consequence of &n

Sergeants Knott. Humberstone, Bond a.nd
Bddgeford, Continuing, the note sa.ys:
"Major General B
ock has dE:sired me.
Capta.in Stephen Heward to acquaint the
detachment under my command of
Lis high approbation of their orderly
conduct and
ocd discipline while under
arms; that their exercise aad marching far
exceeded any that he had seen in the pro-
vince. And in p!l.rticul8or he directed me
to acquaint the officers how much he is
pleased with their appearance in uniform
and their perfect knuwledu:e of their duty. It
00 the 13th of October General Brock was
a corpse on Queenston Heights. and in the
following April York was in the h80nds of
the inv8oders. "Toronto It was the counter-

BLOCK HOV
" OLD FORT, 1888.
.rder from Major Generø.l Brock. command- 1 8i g n of the York #larrison. July 23rd. 1812.
ing the forces !or a deta.chment of volun- Among the British killed at the battle ot
teers under the command of Major Allan to Y ark wa..
Captain McNeil, who feU at the
hold themselves in readiness to proceed in head of his company of Gren80òi
rs of the
battøaux from the head of th, lake to-mor- 1 8th R
giment. Hio:; hody was buried by the
row at 2 o'cloCk, the following officers. AmerÍcaD8 on the spot where he died. In
non-commissioned officers and privates, will after years the waters of the I ke walhing
hold theroaelves in readiness to away the bank close up to the gravt>, Major
proceed 80t 2 o'clock for I 'Vinnett, commanding the 68th Regiment
the purpose of being fitted with caps, at the fort, on :May 9th, 1829, had the re-
blan

ts 80nd haversacks B:S well as to draw mains removed to the Garrison bnria.i
pl'OYJ8IOD8. On the r arrival at the head f)f ground. A fi,;-ing party and the band 8ot-
the lake regiment80l coats and CJ.nteeDS will i tended,8ond the remain8 were followed to
be ready to be issue.! to them. It The names the pla.ce of interment by the officers
WVIm a.re Capt. Heward, Lieut, of the ga.rrison 80nd a procession d
Bich..rdeoD. J..ieut, J&rvia. Lieut. Robinson, the inhabitants of the town and vi.

78

LAND:\I.A RKS OF TORONTO.

cinity. As portions of the clay bank
aJong the bay have fallen away numerous
skeletons have been exposed and military
ornament. and piece
of firearms and other
weapons found. Mrs. Murney wrote a
manuscript narrative of the events of those
days during which the Americans held York,
taken down from the lips oi her mother,
Mrs. Breakenridge, who took refuqe at
Baron de Hoen's houtle, four miles up
Y onge street. Mra. Murney writes
in reglW"d to Captain .McNeil :-" !
ly
mother saw the poor 8th Grenadiers
come into town on the Saturda.y and
in church on Sunday with the handsome
Ca.pt,ân McNeil at their head, and the next
day they were cut to pieces to So man." On
the beach, protected by some earthworks,ai

from the carrying places or narrow part of
the ralaad. Mr. Lossing, the historian who
risited Toronto in 1860, says that thie block
house was situated on the hi
east bank of
the Don, just bey ond the King
stree
bridge. It is possible
that Mr. Lossine may have fallen
into this error by :::.eeing the log house now
on the Exhibition grounds, which stood at
tha.t time in the place indicated by Mr.
Lossing on the property of Mr. John :::;mith.
The old Fort, as it is to-day, though fast
falling in
decay and wholly useless now
for
fenslve purposes, 'gives a fair idea of
wha.t it was In the war of 1812. Entering
the enclosure from the east the first build-
in
the visitor approaches is a long, narrow,
one-storey shed. about 25xlOO fee' in di.

WESTER
ENTRANCE, OLD FORT, 1888

the mouth of the Garrison creek, on the aite
of the present Queen's wharf wt:re to be seen
for many:years a row of cannon,dismounted,
spiked and rendered wholly useless
by the regular troops before their re-
treat to Kingston. Loose canister shot
were also frequently washed up by
tbe waves at this point. These
memorials of the capture of York
\vere afterward sold to a Toronto foundry
and melted up. The earthworks rem
ined
for many years. In connection with the
fort it may be stated that at an early date a
block house st.ood on the bank of the s.rtifi-
cial channel known as the .. Little Don,"
not far from the site of the fÌ1'st Parliament
Huildings, and the stone jail recently tom
down. It commanded the road which led

mensions. It is of comparatively recent date,
and is now used as a ,I1:un shed by the To.
Ipnto Fielò:Ba.ttery. Herð all the
uns of the
oattery are kept and here weekly drills are
held Wednesday evenings. South.we!ot of
this is the old block house with loop hoìes
for mUl!lkets. It is the older one of two
buildiD.'{s on the ground, the other a180
being a block house similar to it. This
block house is two stories high, the upper
storey projecting over the lower, a style of
military architecture sometimes Been in
pictures of old forts built with a.n
especial view to Indian warfare. It ill
now used a. an armoury by Colonel
Fred. Denison';:; troop of the Governor-Gen.
era1''3 Body Guard, the senior corps in tlte
Canadian serTice. The tl'OOp was firat

LANDMA.KK
OF TORONTO.

j9

orgMoni..zed by Cot G. T. Denison, sr., and it I with an enormous chimney. This was tht'
has a.l.ways been commanded by a Denison. cook house and bake shop. The great cop-
West of it is a small frame house used for p
r kettles are still to be seen and the huge
washing purposes. At the north-west cor- ovens perhaps bigger than those in any city
ner of the first long shed is a brick two- bakery of to-day. Sout), west from the
storey building with a log fence around it. cook house 'but still 00 the north side 01 the
It was formerly used as a magaziùe, and is road is a one storey brick building used for
placed between the two block-houses 10 that the 8uperior officers' quarters and mess
acce. to it mlgh1i be had from either. It is room. The ea.stern gable overgrown with
now uaed as a .wrage house. West nom this ivy presents a picturesque appearance. The
is the second block-house, liimi1a.r to the first iYy was planted by a .0Idier fourteen years
in siBe e.nd &I'chitectural design. These ago. At the north-west extremity of the
were the two first buildin
s in the fort en- fot"t enclosure is a large two storey frame
.losure. Back of this is a shed recently building with a frontal{e of about two hun-
put up for she guns of the artillery. On dred feet that wa.s used for the soldiers' bar-
(be opposite or north side of the road run- racks. It ia now the
rmory of B troop of the
nln
through the
rounds between the two Governor-General's Body Guard, Major
block-houses is a 'Yooden building, the Dunn commandin". The band also uses part
aut end of which-the first building on
of it for practice rooms. At the west side

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U.STERN ENTRANCE, OLD FORT, 1888.
entering the fortapproacheø on the north side I of thia building is lit pear tree that still
of the roadway-was the old guard house. yields fruit, which was planted thirty-five
At the east end of this was a sentry box and yea.rs a
o by Lieutenant Landon, who
a tradition exists that an old I!oldier once shot brought it with him from Connecliicut. At
himself in it. The other end of this buildin
the extreme west of the yard, just back of
was used a.s a. fire engine house in later the soldiers' barracks, is a little brick
years. 1.'he next two portions of this building, which WIWJ the armour-
sa-me building were staff sergeants' er's shop. In the west centre of the
quarters. The next structure Ïorms a- enclosure are two long, narrow one
double, one-lltorey house, in which were the storey, whitewashed bclildings, each divided.
officers' quarters and the orderlies' rooms. into three cottages These ha.ve always
1"his is on the north side of the road. The b2en reserved for married soldiers and their
next house on the same aide of the road, a. families. East of these is a stone magazine
little to the w
st, is one-storey, frame, with an iron roof, surrounded by II. high
roughcllrst. It was put up twenty-five years stockade. Loose powder for !!laking can
ago tor a ca.nteen. The old canteen, which rid
es tor all the field batteries in Onta.rio.
was in a hollow to the west
d, wa.s burned is now stored in it. In front of it is a flag,
down, necesElitatin2 the erection of a new one. pole with a. ball at the top, This was erected
Farther west is a one.stor
y block house in honour of the Princesa Louise, when she

,

80

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

visited the fort. The Royal Standard was
raised on that occasion. and perhaps it never
will be again on that pole. Along the em-
bankment on the bay side are seven !leven
Inch thirty-two pounders bearin
the dates
1843 and 1844. The {!;uns are partly dis-
mounted, rUlSted inside, and wholly usdess
for warfare now. The embrasures are filling
in and going to deca.y. Near the south em-
ba.nkment stood the dead house. which ha.s
been pulled down. All around the en-
closure of the fort is an embankment with
an inclined stockade or row of pickets
something like a chevaux de
lrise and beyond this a. ditch. A well
with a filter attached is at the north-west
corner of the fort; it used to supply all the
soldiers with water but it is now dry.
Under the buildin!;t once occupied as qua.r-
ters by the superior officers is a great vault
of solid ma50nry with two heavy iron doors.
This was the treasury. All the buildings.
especially the soldiers' ba.rracks. where is
is kept a large store oÏ sabres,
lances. drums, .addles, and all the
equipments for cavalry are boarded
np and heavily barred with iron. This
measure was found necessary to shut out
tramps, boys and thieves who once infe
ted
the grounds at night. Among the troop"
stationed a.i the Toronto forts have been
these '-1st, 8th, 13th (Hussar8), 15th, 17th,
30th, 32nd, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 47th, 68th,
79th, and the Royal Canadian Rifles, an
Imperial Colonial Corps of some sixteen or
more companies, including Newfoundland
rifle companies, disbanded about 1870,
about the time of the Red River Expedi-
tion, a regiment tha.t had more medals of
different kinds than anyone of her British
Majest,y's regiments, being drafts from all
ether corps, stationed in the New and Old
Forts, sometimes to the number of eight
and ten companies. The IOOth Royal Cana.-
dians recruited around Toronto, stationed
in the Old Fort in 1860, when the depot was
in charge of Capt. Cla.rk. Dr. Widmer's son-
in-law, and a Lieut. Fletcher. This com-
panyacted as a guard of honour to H.R.H.
ihe Prince of Wales. with a company of
Royal Canadian Rifles, at the amphi-
theatre on John street or the Govern-
ment House. At the tïme of the
Riel rebellion the Rifles, Colonel Fielden
commanding. were quartered in the soldiers'
barracks. o.nd it was from there th It they
started for the first Red River expedition.
No Imperial troops have bern quartered at
the Fort since. and the only occupants of the
buildings now are the emp:oyes of the mili-
tary dt>partment and their families. All
5be milirary stores for this district, such as
riiles. tents, blankets. and knapsacks are

kept in the frame buildings west oÏ the old
Fo, t, a.t tht" eastern end of which Colonel
Alger has his office. A grea.t grass grown
mound risrs from a leTel field also west of
the fort. Here are stored boxes on bo
es of
rifle ammunition. milUoIlB of rQ

ds. !.':v.er
seven acres are in the fort enclosure, which II
bounded on the .outh by the Canadian Pacifio
rai1roa.d tracKS running between the trenche.i
and the bay. on the ñ'ôrth by the Western
division of the Gra.nd Trunk railway. (In
the west by the Gan-Ï!!on Common and 011.
the east by the road leading to the Queen's
wharf. or Bathurst street. Over to the
west on the higher ground, overlooking 1he
bay and commanding the entrance to t}1e
harbour, are the white cut stone barracks
erected during the administration of Lieu-
tenant,Govel'nor Sir John Colborne.

CHAPTER XXXII.
JUSTICE CAMPBELL'S MANSION.

A. Soldier who Beeame <:hlel JWI&lce 01
Upper ('anada-Sir William
ampbell'.
J,aslll1nes8, DeA.h aDli Burial.
On a lZentle elevation a.t the head of Fred-
erick street, commanding a view of tt.e
bay and situated a little booK from
Duke street, ilJ a lar!;te bri<:k house in
the style of architecture which prevailed in
the early brick period of York from 007

o about 1825. It is much like the Grange.
Dr. Strachan's house, and other buildinga
of that class. Ha.lf a dozen steps lead up
to a large porch or stoop in front at the
big hall door. on eitber side of which are
two window3. On the floor Bb
e are five
windows at the front. A sort of half 'table
springs from the straight line of the roof
in which is an oval window. This u
the mansion which Chit:f Justice Sir
William Gam'pbell erected in 1822. Sir
WÏliam Campbell was born in Scotlanà in
1758. He entered a Highìand regiment &5
a soldier, and came to America. at 'he time
of the revoit of toe colonies. He was
taken prlsouer at Yorktown in 1781 when
Cornwallis surrendered. In 1783 he emi
ra-
ted to Nova Scotia., where he settled
down and began the study of law. After
p actising thel e nineteen years he Wall ap-
pointed Attorney-Generø.l for tbe Isl.md
of Cape Breton, a post which he heid
tweìve years. In 1811 he was promoted to
a judgesh p in Upper Canada. It was
while in this position that he sat on
the bench in 1818 at the trial of the men
accused of
rrder, hi!;th treason, robbery
and coos
iracy in the troubles K1"owin2 out
of the riva.Lry in th.i North-west between the

LA
DMAB.KS OF TORONTO

81

Hudson's Ba.y Company and the Montreal I -
North-west Compa.ny of fur traders in 1815
and 1816, the othel' judges being Chie
Justice Powell, Justice Boulton, and Asso-
ciate Justice Allan. In 1825 Justice Ca.mp-
bell was appmnted Chief Justiee to suc-
ceed Chief Justice Powell. Justice Camp-
beU died in 1834 at the a.rlTanced age
of seventy-sD: year!'. Ik Henry, author
of .. TlÍftcs from my Portfo;io," who
attended h;!I' Hf bis Ja;
illness, tbas des-
c
--- \am ell1Í.ntJnt patient's eue :-" My
fit"'! wy patient beeame very weak towards
the end of the year; his nights were
resil1ess ; his appe:tite b
gan &0 fail, aud
he could only reiiah tid bits." Her. the
dOetor rema.rk! tbat medicines proving

e.less he prescribed enipes, Continu.ing,
ae e8>Ys :-" At the poillt of the sandy
peninsula opposite the ba.rra.cka are .. num-
ber of Uttw poo1ø ø.od marshes freq,u8Dtf'd I
by these deteeta.ble little biule, and here
I nsed to cross over in my tiki1ft' and pick
up the Chief Justice's P!\W\ce,to. Oft thi i
delicate food the peor old gentlema.o WM
suppO!"ted for a. couple of moniöb&. but the
frost set in, the sl!ipes flew aw:
, and Sir
Wilìbm died," Justic
CarnpbeWs venerahle

covered with its snow-whili
hair, h.d I
for many vean beN} a fanaHiar spectacle to I
the worshippers at St. J am'"s'. and his iune-
r..tl at that c'hurch wa.s worthy of the
digaity he had ever ma.iBt&ined on the
be.wm. It wtI.. a double fnneral At
tlie sa1ne hour and within the same walls
the final ohsequies took p
ace of Mr _ R08-
wèIl Mount, u. mcmb
'r of the Lower House,
represeDtUlg Middlesex, who had died at
York. The Legislature wa.s ilL session a.t
the time, a.nd a.tlieuded in a body with the
members of the bar and the judges. The
funeral ora.tion on this two-fold occ"sion
wa.s pl'onounced by Archdea.con J ohu
Strachan. The York OoW'Íf.r of \he day
in its description of the funera.l remarks
tha.t twenty resident;; of York were presen t
whose combiu
d ages exceeded 1,450 yearf.
Af'ter the death of Sir Willh.m Ca.mp-
bell the Hon. J am,'s Gordon, formerly
of Amherstburgh, made hie mø.n.ion hi::!
home for many yea.n. Mr. Gordon was
a very \ifenerOU8 member 0; St. .James',
living la.r
ely toward suPplyini its need i,
and his da.ughter, Miss Gordon, followiL

her fatòer't! examp;c, ga.Te $1.,000 in
1m toward the completion of the ediôl:',
in accordance wtin tbe pla.ns of F. W.
Cu.mbeda.nd. Sub.;! qU
lI.tly Tr:rence O'N fJì 1"_
an auctioneer, lIved lD it tor thirty years. Ii
wa.s then purchased by John Strathy,
who lived there until his death, and the
place was afterward8 sold to the presen'
Ch\ ner, Mr. John Fensom.
6

CHAP ;'ER XXXIII.
THE CHECKERED STORE.

A. Sketch or the Dillory or the Yorth-we.t
Corner or Toronto Bnd IUn
Streetll-TIMJ
Occupantl or tbe Vartou. BuUdina:l.
In the spring of 1886 a building was' torn
dowu a.t 'he north -west corner of King and
Toronto stree$S to make room for the new
Quebec Bank buildings which now adorn
the street intersecting. Though not ..
historic corner in itself this present central
business portion of the city is near the
localities famed as the scene. which marked
the history of the settlemen& of York.
Opposite it to the eastward stood the jail
where Lount and
Iatthews .utfered on the
scaffold. The north-west corner was not

THE CHECKERBD STORE.
atways graced with the structure"
Which h1tve stood on it in rec
l1t
years. The tirlt owner ot the lot WßI
ThoL Robt. Johnston, a c9.rpenter, who held
the property from the Toronto street lane to
King street, In 1831 a m:m named R A.
Parker erected the. checkered store, a two
storey frame building, selling notions, or as
an old pioneer put it, everything from a
needle to an anchor. In 1834 Parker moved
to the south-ea.st corner of King and Y onge
streets, to the site of John Kay's old stOl'e,
noW tøe n \y building owned by Alex Man-
ning and occupied by J. E, Elli,;; & Co. He
was succeeded by Robert McClure, a tall,
thm Scotchman, who carried on the am:-
tioneering business anel did a thriving tr'ade.
Mr. Robr:-rt Shanklin, over fifty year. ago,
worked in this building for Mr. McClure.
the a.uctioneer, After the death of Roberii
.1ohnstoD and 0.1110 of hi!'! wife Margar t
Lawrenc
, Ezeki..l Francis Whittemore was
ma.'ried to their dau!!htf_'r Margaret, and
had tL marriage portion 8.S devised to ht'r hv
the will of her fa.Che", which was a portioh

q

Þ2

82

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

of the property on Toronto street. She
neyer had any claim on the checkered store
and lot on the corner of King and Toron
o
streets. By this will of Robert J <>hnston,
his eldest son, Richard L:l.wrence Johnston,
who is yet livin
, became, aftør bis mother's
death, the owner of the lot and checkered
i>tore. This Richard L. Johnston sold to
E. F. Whittemore some time a.fter Whitte-
more's marriae-e to his sister Mar
aret.
When McClure gave np the store in 1846
'Vhittemore tore down the old checkered
atore and erected ill its place the structure
demolished two years a
o. On its completioD
Thol:!. Rignf'Y & Co. Qccupied it for about
three years, Then Rigncy went to New
York and the firm became E. F. Whitte
more & Co. (Thos. Rigmy, W tlittemore and
Rutherford). Then the firm was dissolvrd,
Thos. Rigney retiring, and it became Whit-
temore, Ruthcrford & Co. In 1855 the

.\-

/" -,
40 TURS AGO.
partnership was dis
olved. Whittemore
kteping possession or the building a.nd s::tart-
il'g a genera.l bankinp- and brok-
lUg busin '
taking in wi. h him iwo forIrn'r
employes, Ehwoc..d Chaffey a.nd Etlmund

Morris. This business was conducted until
1859 when Mr. Whittemore died. Mr.
Rutherford died about three years ago. At
the death of Mr. Whittemore, Chaffey &
Co. sprang into life to give way to R. J.
Kimball & Co., H. J. MOl'!le & Co, a.nd
finaHy Gzow
ki &. Bucha.n, which latter firm
occupied the front part of the building on
Kin
street up to the time of its
destruct.Ïon. The pt'operty had remained
in 11r. \Vhittemore's hands until two ye:trs
befOl'e his dea-th, when he sold it to the
Hon. L. H. Holton, of Montreal, from whom
it pa.ssed to Sir David L. M-a.cphersoD. î'b.e
value of the corner where the checkered
store stood was estimated at $25 a foot.
About 1860 the rear portion of the bui-lding
was di...ided into a couple of =hops and an
entrance on Toronto street led to the offices
into which the upper pa.rt of the building
was divided. The shop north of the To-
ronto street entrance was that of C. A.
Backas, the bookseller and newsdealer, for

1. \ "1 ,,

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rlY
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QUEBEC BANK.
years the posta
e stamp depot of the city.
It W8.8 also the re!ort of newspa.per mna,
and in .. little nook at the south end of th

counter, many a time and oft the )ate
William Lyon Mackel.sie used to regale any
friend be met with reminisc:encee of the r8-
beHion or accounts of the book trade 5J.Iea
in New York, which hø was in the habit of
a.ttendiD2. The first and second Hool'S were
lawyers offices and the front roøm on the
upp('r floor wa.s the location in 1864 of lite
" book !Ind job printiDg office" of J. Ro"s
Robertson. The Grumbler, a well-known
humorous weekly, wa.s Ï8sut:à here. Sub'Mil-
quently the
ntire upper floor was le&
-ed t

Mr, Ba.tes, the pioneer in the commercia!
oollegf: line, tae title of the institution bein2

LANDl\-IARKS 'OF TORONTO

8S

ce'ilimts in the different rooms are insuf.
ñcient, and \hat he Ci.D.not think himseU
sa.fe I!Ihould neces'i.ity oblig;e him to confine
any persons in said cells or debtors' room!!.
An ord.r is given in May te ma.ke the
nece88&1'Y repairs." The spike na.ils wa.a.ted
are not to be had ill York ; the Lieutenant.
GOTernM' is applied to with the result that
carpenter Leach gets th.em in the month 4Jl
J ulV f.ollowing. In Dpcember of the Mm'e
year tÀe sheriff again complaina

he
ma.gistrates that" tbe pri90ùers in tÀe cenl
of the jail of the Home District Buffer muclt
from cold and da.mp, there being no method
of communica.ting heat from the chimnep
nor any bedsteadi'! to raÌ8e the straw
from the floors which He nearly, if no'
alto"1et.her, OD the ground. Asman eto...
in the lobby of eac:b range of cells, together
I with some rugl or blankl'ts will add much
to the comfort of the unhappy personll eo.,
fined," he adds. Later than this posts 01
turned wood with round tops, the lower
part painted... pale blue, the upper part
Tile S
eDel of lIauy au Execuuou-
wllite were aet up about the town to ma.rk
lIaD
lng of Lou.,.t and MaUbewlI- the ' J .ail limitll. The yard about the
PrliiOIl of tlte (:a'ttu.red FenlaD
. . i1 1 d . th h . h .....1_ t
Ja was enc Ole WI a Ig pi.ÇJ\o.e '
fence. The second j!LiI in York waa
erected in 1824. It was a good, 8Ub-
stantial, plain-looking two-storied red brick
building. At that time, on the north sùle
of King street, stretching between Toronto
and Church street
, W&8 a vacant lot. M
the west side of this field, with gable front-
ing south, a.bout thirty feet from To-
ronto street, and a little distance baek
from King street, enclosed on three !'Iide.
by a picket fence fifteen feet high, stood the
new prison at what would now be nearlJ'
the corner of Toronto aud Court street..
Directly across the vacant lot to the east.-
ward, a.nd rplatively in the
ame positioD
with regard to King and Church streets., 3t
court-house was built at the same time pre-
cisely like the jail in external architecture..
At the top of each was a p
diment like thai<
of a Greek temple. Pilasters of CUt-StoD.
ran up the front and outer sides of .aciJ
building. At the sides were Ifsser gables.
a portion of the wall rising in front of them
finished Equare and sustaining chimneYL
The entrances were OIl the south and were
reached by flights of st
ps. It was ori
B-
ally intended that la.nterns I:!hould have 111H'-
mounted both buildings, but on account
of the cost these were discarded to en&ble
John Hayden, tbe contractoE., to mclke tile
pilasters of stone instead of Roman cement.
The cost of the two buildin
was ;t3,800_
The plans were by Dr. Bald win and Mr, ::Swait.
The cO! ner stones of the edifices were laiI
on Saturday, April 24, 1824, by tbe Lieu-
tenant-Governor attended by his skJf aad.

"The British Amel'Ìcan Commercia College.))
The Quebec B&nk. subsequently became tb.

pos::;essor of it for tM sum of
,OOO.
!ter
the buildinil beca.nw a ba.nknig estal.;bsh-
ment the -apper fla.ts were utifued 80S law-
J'ere' offict'8, aDd many are the now ior
t
lawyers of Toronto who stru
ed thwugh
their first brief in this place. Latterly
bucket shop operators conducted a business
there. The building when tom down showed
proof of the good work of other days. Ex-
Mayor Slaea.rd was the architect and Geoc,ze
Brown \he builder, Both are dead, bu
the
80lid brIëk wãiís -and subàtantial workman-
øhip bore testimony to the hooeaty of the
me.u. of the old time.

CHAPTER XXXIV.
THE JAILS OF THE COUNTY.

The first jail of York wa.s situated on the
south aide of KinK street, between Y OIlge
and Toronto streets. As Dr. ScaddinK
de!'lcribes it :-" '!'his was a squat, un-
painted wooden building with hipped roof
concealed from persoDS passinK in the street
by a tall cedar stockade, ilUeb as tho!'le
which we see surrounding a Hudson's Bay
post or a military wood yard. At the
outpr entrance hung a billet of wood SI1S-
pended by a chain communic&ting with a
bell within. Tbe English criminal code, as
it was at the beginning of the century. hav-
ing been introduced with all its enormities,
public hangine::s were frequent at an early
period in the new province. A shocking
scene is described as taking place at an
execmion in front of the old ja.il at York.
The condemned refuses to mount the scaf-
fold. On this the moral suasion efforts of
the sheriff amount to the ridiculous were
not the occasion so seriously tragic. In
aid ot the sheriff the officiating chaplain
sieps more than once up the plank set trom
the cat t to the scaffold to show the facility
of the act and to induce the man to mount
in like manner; the condemned demurs,
and openly remarks on the obvious difference
in the two cases. At last the nOOSf:: il
adjusted to the neck of
e wretched culprit
where he stands. The cart is withdrawn
and a deliberate strangling ensues. In
April, Is.n, the sheriff, Beikie, reports to
the m'lgÏ.,,;trates at Quarter Sessions that the
sills of the east cells of the jail of the Home
District are complete;y rotten; that the

84

.'LAND
lAB.KS OF T
ORON fO.

LANDMA.ß.KS OF TORONTO.

&'j

aceompa.nied bv the members of the Exeeu-I th
Sheriff's room, after l'o::e1Yina the final.
tive 00uncil, judges, l&\vyers, ma.gis- a.nnoftncement th&t there could be no fa...
tra.tes and principa.l inhabitants of tiher delay, llhe white colla.rs on each B

York. A sovereign and a half or his face were wet through and throu.gh
BOve'rE'ign, aeveral sil.er and copper with the tears that were
shÏDg from hi!!
coin
a.nd some ne....spapers were ã"posited eres and pouring do1'Vh bi8 cheeks. He wa.
in the stone. The jail and conrt booee just realizin
Che fact th.i nathing ftrrtbw
w
re never torn down, buii were remodeled eould be done, and in a few moments after-
and f"rm p'\rt of the buildings now 8ta.nd- 'WM'ds the ex
utiDn actually took place."
ing on th
ir 8ites. York Chambers, at the The jail yard was enclosed 08 thnP. aideø
eorner of Toronto a.nd CM1rt street., com- with a picket fence &bout fifte8n ted bip
pri
es the old jail. In 1836 J. Younr. pub- In this yard LBWlt _d M.a.tthe-ws were ex.
Halted, among other pictnres of old To.on- rented for participation in the .Mack

to. lithographic views of the jail a.nd CÐUn. rebeniO'D_ The gnvernor of tile ja.ü W&èi
n01Me whieh may now and then be found in Mr. .John Kidd.
the possession of old residents. Near tbe Mr. Cbarles DnraDCl. who 'Wa.I coeÔ1Jed in
front entrance of the jail &tood the p3ol'ish this ja.i\ with Loant and M.a.tUte
, gins
stocks. Tbe open space in front of the j;.ti1
he following acc04lIlt of their' execution :-
and court house became the public place "The ho.rs of April 12, 1838. were tJy
of the town after the erection of thelle edi- saddest we e..r spent. NOlle of UI CO\ih1

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THE JAIL, N. E. CORNER KING AND TORONTO STREETS-1824-1840,
fices, and wa. called Court Ron1Je Squa.re. sleep and we were an early 8:!1tir. It was a
Here on one ocea.sion William. Lyon Mac- fine >prlDj?; morning. Looking throu
n the
kenzie was borne aloft in triumpb by thlil window of ow r-00Il\ we saw the scaffold. 1&
crowd, wea.rin
around l1is neck and on ....11 \milt by the lste Mt'. Storm. His fore-
nis breast a massive gold chain !load meds.1, man WM Matthew lilàeacd, then a fine y

and here. also, on another oçcasion, he Wile Y or1mhiremau, afterward mayor of the city.
pelted by a mob WIth misaiieø of
kind. Be was t:xJ)eèteð to share in the 'Work of
A tonclrin
incid.eni connecled witlI. WH- b!ri)dmg the .tmffold. 'I'll xwt pat & be.nd
liam T...yon Mackensie is thus rela.t.ed by to it,' Mid he; · Lqullt Imd Ma*ihewa have
Dr. Scaddin" &'" occurring on the &tepa of: done nothing that t
i8ht noi have done
the court house: U SenQmce e1f death had mysetf. and I'll nWQr hefp to build a gal-
been pronounced on a young man Ofac
em- lows to-.b.a.n
them.' So, wi.tbIout the fore.
played in his printing office. He had been m&U'. assists.nce, the gallows was erected
Tigorous1y exe
nimse1f t\.l ob
n from 'DeM' the spot where the poliæ COUl't 00i1d-
the executive a. mitigation of the extreme in
BOW stands. AsotR1d the gallows tM
pena.hy. The day &Dd even the hour for Orange'militia. stolid in IMge nænberø with
the executiOll. had arrived a.nd 110 mel!ll!agl!' their DllL9k.et3. The a.atboritiea dreadeà .
of rep6eve had been t.t-an
ed from We resca.. While WIe we1'e
g awl
-
Lieutena.nt.Qoy,erngr. A& he came out of i
1R heard steps OIl t.be st6ira. and then

86

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

t.he clank of chQÏns. It was poor Lount
ccming up, guarded by his jailers, to say
lZoød,by
to us. He stopped at the door.
We could not see him, but there were sa.d
Jacarts in that 1'0010 a.s we heard Samuei
Lnlllt's voice, witÀout a. quiver in it, giYe
us his last greeting: · Be of good ::oura
e,
:boy.;;. I am not ashamed of anything rye
done. I trust in God, and I'm going to die
:like a. man.' We answered hiJU. as well as
'We c01l1d, and son-ow;ully listened unr;Ïl the
éùund of bis sturdy tramp and cla.nking
chains died away, I don't know why Peter
\1 I! thews did not come up with Lount, but
i saw him as they were led through the jail
,-.l.rd
o rhe scaffold where two nooses were
iiwinging. '1hE?-1 never faltereå. I sa.w
&btm "talk up the steps to the floor of the
i.c&trold as firmly as if they were on the
pa.vt:ment._ Aga.in I saw the.m kneeling
\t'hila Bishop Ricbardson, who attended
Lo\mt, and a.nother cler
yman who attend-
ed Ma.t::bews, prayed. Deputy Sheriff
Robert Beal'd (,flÌcia.ted. Lount and Mat-
thews shook hand
with the cler
!7men, and
when we looked again their bodies were
daIti:ing in the air. Matthews struggled
brd but Lount died instantly. When the
bodies ha.d been exposed for lit short time
they were eut down and quietly buried in
the Potter's FIeld, near where the Y orkville
&yenue fire hall now sta.nds, Thomas An-

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GRAVES OF THE PATRIOTS_
&tenon, who lives on Y onge street, and Mr.
Gibson, a buildf!r, a
sisted ill 1843 in the re-
111' vd.l of the bodies from the Potter's Field
'10 the Necropolis, where they now lie near
ibe westel'n fence, with a plain marble slab
O'ftr r,heir l:emÚns, beal in
the simple in-
acription. · Samuel Lount, Peter Matthews,
1238.' N The third jail of Toronto,
\\ as built overlooking the harbour lin a
e:reen near the bay side, nut far from the
PfE'ünt COlDer o.f
'ront a.nd Berkeìey

ireets.
h. lattH skeet at that time was

continued down tv the w.ater in a narrow
road. It waa nea.rly on the site of this jail
ÜllI.t the firm frame buildings were erected
before the end of
he
century for
the use of the Houses of Parliament and the
Court\ì of J wtice, They coWlisted of two
halls, offic
.s and a publie lilirary_ WhEn
the Americans captured York in 1813 these
buildings were burned II.nd all the books,
documents and records in th
m were de-
stroyed. A plain cubical brick block was
pvt up on the same site for the UlJe of the
Legislature in 1818. It was accidenta!:1y
burned in 1824, and for IIiOIUe years after-
wards the ruins were IIotijI to be acen, Then
in 1840 wa.s erected the lar
e atnlcture of
Kingston grey cut limesr;one, pltrt of which
is shown in the illustration. It W&Ii from
plans by Mr J. G. HowMd,
a.nd built by Mr. Joøn Ha.rp
. It
cost $80,000. Wing:> radiaied from
the eetltral portioJl, whelle a. turret was
placed. The b&l'e waUl! were pipl'ced high
up in each
torey wi
a l'OW of arched win-
dows. and the wholß buiklilJg plainly said:
This ill . priaon. A S
8 wall a dozen
reet high encircled tu whate sÞuetnre.
On the top of this wall a 84:a.ffelding was
erected, and old residents remember a pub-
lic double e%ecution which took p
ace there
yeat's ago. Lon
before dayiiJ(ht farmers'
wag
ons came rattlillg into town, and early
in the morning a great crowd encircled the
þ.il. As the drop Íell and tw,} lives with
.L11 their possibitities passed out from the
misshapen bundle! of eMtbes tkat hun

dangling bet ween ea.rth and sky all the re-
pressed excitement of the assembla.

burst
forth in a moa.n of horror. The entra.nce
to the jail was on the north from Front
street. On the roof was a small hr;1su can,
non used for fit-ing Balutes on the Que ',ÙI
Birthday and other oecasions. The green
by the jaiJ, running down to the wa.\er,
was a favourite p1ay ground for tile boy" of
Toronto. Oppo.:;ite was an old tavern. The
Fenian prisoners taken in the raid of 1866
were jailed in this pl'ison a'Jd the
gra.nd jury visited them to ïnquireif they had
all the comforts comp<ttible with prison life.
Among these prisoners was a Catholie priest.
On the buildiny of the new jail across the
Don the Front street structure W1i5 no lonO'er
used for prison pnrposes. For a time 0 it
Wal!! occupied by a safe manufacturing firm.
Last yea.I' the ground was purchaseù by the
Gas Company, a.nd the building wa.s : orn
down to make room for new buildin
s.
The fourth and presel1t jø.i1, on the east
side (If the Don, hi too we
l kJlown to net::d
mIlCh description. It was buiit twenty-fonr
year!. a.go. The material is white brick
The facade is toward the so-uth. It is a.

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I!imple aud ma.lI8ive looking structure. The
central portion is something like a Gleek
if'mple in its architecture. On each side are
plain lookmg wings, and it is in these that
the prisoners are confined. The east wing
is devoted to the males and the west winl[
to the females. The capacity of the jail is
184 prisoners The accompanying iilustra-
t.ion gives an excellent view of the building.

CHAPTER XXXV.
THE OLD RED LION HOTEL..

The 11011 Famon"l BOllfel'rY In Ihe _I.nuals of
l'ork-."-"!lociaUoD!!. Which (;1118''''1" About
It- William Lyon Mackenzie'. Triumph,
Aboye B 001' .treet a few doors, on the
eut side of Y onge stree
, a huge sign with
.. lion rampañt painted on it,swinging above
tbe central entrance stands a J.arge white
øtuccoed building a little fllUt of plumb now,
barren of .tUCC9 in pl&ces a.nd wearing
Mtogether an abandoned look, but worthy
of a.ttent\on from the prominent part it
played in IiK>cial and political affairs
for over a qu&l'tel.' of a century.
It is the famoøs old Red Lion
hotel, the first place for the accommodation
of traycllers in the district, subsequently
known as Yorkville, and a hostelrv which
for nearly eighty yea.rs kept its d
rs and
gates open for the accommoda.tion of man
and boo.. Deprived of its licenl!e two
J8MS ago the old building now stan<Ù! silen i
.nd mournful thronged with the ghosts of
!'earded, bronzed farmerll, pa.trio
ic reform-
ers, intriguing politiciane, bright eyed girls,
and I!Ipruce young men-all classes that ma.de
up the society of York and ite eD'Virons.
lts wall.s ecb
with s
rains of music a.nd the
merry flick-flack of dancing feet, with fierce,
political hara.ngue
, noisy disputes and wine.
provoked laughter. The facade of the
liuilaiñg, as slìown fu the illústrat.iõn.
Irtretches along Y on
e meet oyer one hun-
dred feet. At first it com3Ísted of the cen-
tral or ma.m bundings; afterward wmgs
alld extensions were added. Or
inally this
famous old t..'...ern was clap-boarded and
painted white, but, &s íe so frequent with
old Toronto buiiding, its wa.lls were stu
-
eoed. In the 'WlDdows are the a.ntique little
square paces of glass as they were put in
the black sashes at t.he beginning of the cen-
tury before anyone now living can remem-
ber. Only a small portion of the ground
floor is now utilized, a. little pari as a. fruit
.tore, and the northern Jmrt, which
once was the b,.r,room with its heaTY
ea.k beams, as a flour and feed store. Per-
haps to-day the most interesting feattlre
of tue old inn is the
l-room in the second

storlilY. This is an apartment about 40 x 29
feet in dimensions and 18 feet high wi5h.
a ceilinv; a.rching from the .idea. At each
end is a ll\.r
e old-faehioned chim-
ney and fire-place. The walls are
conred with panels of wall pZlopet'
with Barrow blue borders. At the ba.ais of
the arch is a p"inted fbming red bOT'
r.
From the centre of the arch depend h

ior sconces, for tbe old hosteìry was in its
prime before the days of oil; whe:ft candles
were in uniyersal use. This ball-room at-
tracted the devotees of the dance who droye
out or 1Va.
ked in pah s from York to attend
the entertainments giTen t here. How ma.ny
times through those antique w;nQOWS
haft ßoated ont the soulJds of revelry.
How m
y a couple. whoee YOlCes
are now hU8hed in the iambs, have
whispered soft worùs in this room. Per
haps here ma.ny:a maiden has breathed that
wonderful " Yes." Many a n officer from
the 8a.rr.ieon or half-pay officers sE'ttled in
the ueighbourhood frequenW these socia.l
gatheriDg3 a.nd lent to them some-thing like
an a.ir of aristocracy. But to ret
n to the
origin of the Red Lion. When York could
claim to be nothinjil; more than a. little ham-
let and when all the ægio.a back of King
streri now so thiekly populated wa.s peopled
only with oat &Dd pine trees, Mr. Play tel'
received from the Cr{,)wn a grant of
two hundred acres of land, upon one corDer
of which the Red Lion was subaeqnentJy
built. This property afterw.\rda passed into
the hands oÏ Mr. McDougall, who early in
the present century so:d it to Daniel Tiera,
who was >>on early s8ttler, for in 1801 MI"ti
1802 his na.me appears as subscribing to the
fund for improYing Yonge street. Upon his
newly - acquired pr
'p('rty. M,". Tien
built tl\e Red Lion hotel on the
central portion of it, in what
a.r
i. not absolutely knowR, probllbty be-
tween 1808 and 1810. Local hi.atoria..ns
s..enera.lIy give the date 110II 180-7
or 1808, but it could SQl'cely have
been built befOl'e the latter date
at ]P.aI5$, for in the (J.awû of Janoø.ry
12, 1808, Mr. Tiers advertises that he baa
opened a pnbli(; honse in the t.nwn of York.
This ie the ad'tertisement :-" Beefø

a.nd beer house. The
ubseriber informs his
ÏriendtJ and the public' ha.t he has apeued a
house of entertaiument next door to ME.
Hunt's, where his friends will be sened
with victnaling in good order aD the øhort-
est notice &Dd at a cheap rate, He will
furnish the be3t strong beer at 8d, New
York C1l'l"rency. per jil;aìlon, if drank in his
house, and 2s 6d, New York currency, takf'n
out. As be intends to keepacoDsta.ntøpply
of racked beer, with a yiew nei to injure

'LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.'

89

90

LANDMARKS OF TORO
TO.

'he health of his customere, and for which I bettel', and even Iti
eU
t.tlQQ
trict8
he will have
pay cash, tbe yery BID'aII wbel'e the soU I
'ol"-Y _ .\þ- d taIf
profits at which he offers to .et1 wiIJ put ø I cat'ti.n,; heAVY as ip th
bIn. atone
eut of his power to gi..-e credit, &nd
" region of New Y01'k some Unite,rJ.
hopes none ,,,ill be ask.ed. N. B.-& will SkI.Þa roads ace DOt much better to-dt\.Y. fa
immediately
e entert&iament for ma.n Sic John Vanbrugb's comedy of the " Pro-
aDd horst", Danrel Tiers, York, 12th Jan., I voked Hu.sband," John Moody, descril:!Ì'I)1
1808, " Like litt1e stations on r.ø.ilroads the joul'ReJ of 'Lady Tow
fn'lll EI1jfJ'iJ'&
sometimes prcwe to be tile nuoleuli Y w.k to Loudon, thus eompla.in::!: ,. Some
around which great cities grov. IiIO I impish wick o
other plaJì:.ued us aH tbe <La,
TierB' Red LioD Hotel Inaf' be long, Ci-aclt goes one thing; bounce g.oQø
regltrded II.'J the
erm of what waa afiet"ward II.nQther; woa, says Rogel'-; \hen fro'W1le, "'.
'he
ourishing iBeorpol1
tion of Y ork.Yiue, ! ac.e aU falit; !!let in a sl
ugh; wbsa, e:iea
and IS now part of Torouto,. and even now N"'1I8; BOI"ea.ll1 go the !Raids, and bawl juat
no longer out of towu wì1l in the neM futuft ,&8 thQf thø.y were stuck, &cd
mercy
be the heart of the city. The eata.blishIae.llt I on 118, this was the kade &-om mGrDÏng to
of the Red Lion WitS liailed with joy by the night!"
farmers who wanted refreøhmenta for them- McTa.ggM't i.u hi!!l"Three yearsiDCauada,"

THE BALL AND PUBLIC ROO]l,l-
D LlON-1808-88.
Eelves and th
ir horse
after the ha:d strug- I gives the
oll
winp; des?ription of the meth-
gle involved In crolilslug the .Blue Hill or od of. extncatlDg a vehicle from a mud hole.
.Roaedale ravine, the perils a.nd labours of the time being as late as 1829. He liIays:
which were locally fa.mous. It was called Ihs " 61fhere a.re few roads a.nd these a.re general-
Blue Hill becau
e strata. of blue clay cropp- ly excessin}y bad and full of mud-holes, in
(d out in ph:.ces on both sides of the gorge. whieh if a carriage fa.U there Ü5 grea..t trou.ble
The waggon wack passed down 8.nd up by I to get it <nit ap;ain. The mail coaches 01'
two lOlig äifficult siope.:l cut in the steeJ: wa.ggons Itre of
n in this pl'edicamen-lO when
.-idf8 of the lofty banks. After the pa!!lsEmgere lUstantly Jump off and haY-

hç &u,;:umn raine, and durin
the spring I in
stripI-ed rails off the fence they lift it up
thaws the condition of the rQad was inde- by ISheei' force. Coming up brows
scribtl.oly ba
, and at this time Ule sam..: they sometimes gei in ; the hor.es
rhin,; mi
t be &lIoid of every rod of Y onge ' are theo taken oue. and yoked to the
street thrúugh itø thirty miles of lenþ!;th. stem iD8tead oi the front, and it is drawn
Dr. Scaddi..g e;z:tenuates th.: horrible condi- ('lIt backwards," ILl unpleasant proximity
tion of Y ollge litreet by pointing out that I to th
Red Lion W&s the Potter'ß Fidd, the
Eng1i!':h roads a century a:io were not much genera: or stra
ers' burying
FOuud, which

LAND:\IARKS OF TORONTO:

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was located 011 the west side of Y ooge
street, above
loor. ""hen it was laid out
for the purpose of a cemetery in 1825 thi.
was c0nsidel'ed an out-of-the-way place, but
in 1845 the city had grown to Imch an extent
as to demand its removal to the pre-
!1!ent Necropolis. The builder who hIred
the timber and put t
etber the frame
of the Red Lion was a man by the name
of Sanders, who had come over wÏ1ih Gover-
nor Simcoe and had af terwlW'd.s set tled itl
the neighbourhood of Bloor street. He Wad
killed at the blowing up of the old m&(Ca.z1.ne
in the war of 181-2. The value of land ill
thoae dßJ's and in this yicinity was extremely
small Mr. Tier.a once oflerwd to sell tll. hotel
alld the two hundred acreg adjoining it to
William Smith, the 'tTandfatber of the pre-
aent John Smith, for $400 and thh offer wa.a
d.ecâDed, the price beiug thought excessive.
For m&D1' a year a big pump and a trough
stood in front of the lmtel for the refreshment
of wearied horses. The stage .oachel!! made
this a regular halting place. The farmers
; rOlD H()lla.nd
s La.nding, and otlbel" outlying
diatricts who were compelled to team their
produce to York someMmes takin
two or
three dltJ's in tbe journey, maQ
a pnctice
of stopping here duriug the IÌigkt and at
early moromg proceewne to tIke ma.rket
By I!!tllfiDg at the R
d
0I1 instEQ&! of
oing
at once to town the fe.rm
rs evlWkd double
toll at the Bloor street

&8 they could
1(0 to market aod return the .aIDe day.
Th11lil Ü bappæed as the home diatri"et
grew in population the pa.tron.
of the
Red Lion increa.aed a.nd nightly it was
crowded with fa.rmen, who over their
glus8I!I dÏ8CU8æà the future prospect.! of the
country,
e political questions of Üle day
and the personnel of itie officials of the
time, while frequently
doubt 64 news
JDQch older tba.n fibeil" ale we1it round"
Thf-Be nightly &.iIØemblages made the Re,j
Lion the most Ïmporlant political centre in
the district when pMt, kermg ran hU!h. The
Bed lion was ODe of the polliDg plaQeS for
the election of representatives for ilie
home dil!!trict and in those days
the balloting' being prolonged for a
week at a üme the wayside inn Wa.l an ani-
ma.ted &ad exdted place. There are some
old resident
who remember Tiers, and
speak of him as a typical landlord, pleasant
a.nd affable and much inclined tu
ive orac-
u1ar opinions on every question th&t might
arise. A w1Ïter in the March number of
8ibba1d's Canadian Magazine for 1833 gos-
sips thus about the fìrl!!t landlord of the
Red Lion'
"An old acquaintltnce of mine, the l..nd-
lord of tile e Red Lion,' who was a jolly
fail ow, although his name was Tiers-what

his wile's name was before marriage is now
forgotten for Tiers dropped upon the wC)rd
&nd blotted it out forever-puzzled agentl..
man sorely in my presence by telling him
that be was tired of public life and must
retire from the bar. I, myself, was once
canyassing for a seat in parliM1\ent and 'a.p-
plied to a.n Irish friend to let me ban some
wild land, that beinp; consid.ereà tàe
only qualification necessary in a member.
I began by telling my friend Tiers in the ele-
vated an.! patriotic style which the election
time produces that I was de!òirous of having
8. stake in the eountry. e Thin,' lIaYti he,
e you'd be1iter go to Old Ireìandfor that SMIle,
for the neyer a steak you'n get in *hiscou.ntry
fit to ait for love or money. ,,, In the troubled
times between 1830 and 1837 the Red Lion
came prominently into view as a politic!l.l fac-
tor. Here the Reformers met, df'nounood tbe
oligarchy which nrlOO Canada, and tormu-
lated resolutions which they oIrly then ad-
opted, but which han since been rdi1ì.ed by
the people and now form part of the Con-
stitution. One of the most; notable SCeD88
that the Red Lion ever witnessed occurred
in the ball room. To underscand it fally iC;
is necessary to retrograde a Ii
\e. In
the winter of 1831 William Lyon
MaekeDzÏe wa.a a m('mberof the-Legislature.
On the 12th of December of that year' be
was found guilty of a
Ðt-ea...--b of th

pri'rileges of the House for pu:bIÍilhing in
hã paper, the Colonial Ad
, articbta
whieh were pronoUÐc
d to be
rosaly false.
scandalous and defamatory. By a votE' dl
24 to 15 he was expelled from tþe Houøe
tb
same da7. On the afternoob of Mr.
.Mackenzie'a expulløon his frienda to the
number of a tbOMlttDd ga*bered to

and proceeding to his house on Rich-
mond street seized the man rejected
by the Assembly &S a libeller, and carried.
him through the streets in triumph
amid loud accla.mations, They stopped &t
the Parliamentary buildings and øeat a,
cheerl!! of VIctory and defiance. Loud cheerw
were given for the R v. Egerton &yenon,
the editor of the Guardian, who had
espoused M.ackenzie's C'5U8e. Mackenzie
after this dem(){1stmtion addre
se'.Ì the
orowd from thf' window of the San Hotel
and at the COI, llsion of his apeech round
after round oÏ applause was given for
the Sailor King, King William the
Fourth, Earl Gl-ey and tire Reform
Minil!!try. When Mackenzie had retired
the meeting was re-orgltnized, aod resolu-
tIOns were passed sust&ining bi.s course aß a
politician and journalist, and p]ed
ing the
meeting to present him with a
d medal,
accompanied by an appropriate inscription
and address. At the same sitting at which

'LANDMARK
OF TORONTO.

93

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94

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Mr. Ma,ckenzie's expulsion wa!!! decreed the I been kept open for a week. The assemblage
House ordered a new election of a member was the largest ever witnessed up to
in his place. The election was held I that time in the Home District on any
at the Reù Lion, January 2, 1832. Although occasion. Upon the closing of the poll
the election wa!!! held on the same day that the committee app()intf'd to present the
..own meeting!!! werp. in progress throughout I medal and address followed by as many
the country, over two thousand persons were as could gf't in proceederl to the ball room.
present. The morning was clear and plea- A great shout went up for Mackenzie. At

ant, the weather mild and agreeable, Itnd the I this there entered at the eastern end of thp
sleighing excenent. By 10 o'clock the ball-room a slight built man of scarcely
fa.rmers had assemblerl in great numbers medium height, five feet six inches. with a
around the hustin
s, and soon afterward I massive head, quite bltld, high and broad in
" the Y on
e street tr iumphllol car carrying the frontal re
ion, well rounded, a long
the ensign of the United Kingdom, and broad chin, lips firmly compressed, deep
several Highland pipers passed down toward I dimpled cheeks set in a framework of
the town foIlo\\ed by farmers in sleighs. whiskers, massive brow, over arching
Forty sleighs came down into York and deep set, keen, restless, piercing, blue
escorted their champion to the polls. It I eyes that seemed to read one's very
was generally believed that Colonel wash- I thoughts and ceaselessly and expressively
burn would stand up against Mackenzie, but active fingers that kept opening and clo
ing
he withdrew his name and gave his nervously, This was William Lyon Mac-

FAC-SIMILE MEDAL PRESE!IlTED TO WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE, IS32.
support to Mr. Street, who was introduced I kenzie. After the tumult had subs
ded
to tile electors by Co1. .E. v.. Thomson. Mr. Charles Mcintosh, in behd.If of the com-
Mackenzie was proposed for hi!!! third candi- mittee presented Mr. Mackenzie with a
dature bv Joseph Shepltrd, of York, second- , gold medal and chain and read an address
ed by Jogart of Whitchurch. Mackt'nzie to which Mr. Mackenzie ma-de a brief reply.
made a speech, and the names of the candi- The heavy cable chain attached to the med.al
dates were submitted. A forest ot hands I contained forty links each d.bout one inch in
went np when Macktnzie's name was pro- lëngth. The medal was' of fine workman.
posed. But one hand was ra.ised when Mr. ship and cost $250. On one side were
Street's name was presented. Mr. Street I the rose, thistle and shamrock with tho
demanded a ballot, At 1:20 o'dock the words, 'His Majesty King WiUiam IV.,
polls opened. At 3 o'clock Mackenzie the People s Friend.' On t
other side was
had polléd one hundred and nineteen votes I the inscription, 'Presented toO William
and his opponent one. The latter then Lyon Mackenzie, K;:quire. by his Congtitu-
withdrew from the unequal contest. Over ents of the County oi York, Upper Canada,
ODe thousand voter
stood around the polls, I as a token of the approbation of his Political
and for twenty-four hours after the election Career, January 2nd, 1834.' A proCf"!!siOh
closed they continued to pour in. It was I was then formed in front of the Red Lion.
estimated that five thousand vote!!! woulù which wended it.!!! way to town. It was led
have been cast for Mackenzie ha.d the polls by a large :oleigh belonv.ing to Mr. M:oQÐt-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

95

omery, drawn by four horses and tilled with
a SCOI e of men and the Hif.{hland pipers play-
ingvigorously. Followin
itcameone hundred
and thirty-four 81eivhs
carrying from five
to fifteen persons. It was estimated that
two thousand men wer') in the line. The
march wall past the Government House,
Parlia.ment Bouse, Mr. Cawthra's and Mr.
Mackenzie's house!;!, at each of which cheers
were given. A little printing press
k
pt warm by a furnace beneath it, stood
on one of the I!Ileighs. As the procession
moved through the street. boys struck
off New Year'. addresses and threw
them to the people. Over tbe press floated
a crimson fl82' with the motto :-' :fhe Li-
berty of tbe- Press.' Other flags carried
aloft bore such leJ!;ends as 'King William
IV. and Reform,'.' Bidwell and the Glori-
ous Minority,' '1832, a. Good Be({innin
,'
, A
'ree Press the ferror of Svcophants,'
Much spirit was manifel!lted in the proceed-
ings, but general order and sobriety wer

maintained. There was no treating of any
kind either at the polI-s or afterwards. Many
soldiers and non-commissioned officers of
the 79th Higbland Re
iment, then stationed
herE', took a great interest in the election.
\),uite a number went to the polls and join-
ed the' triumphal procession on its entry in-
to the town, cheering while the bag pipes
played, and the farmers rejoiced in their
victory. But they paid dear for their en-
thusiasm. Goyernor Colborne ordered the
articles of war to be read at the hea.d of tht:
regiment for several days, and din:cted that
the soldiers should be confined in the fort
during the great public meeting of
January 19th, and a' so during the
whole week of the February
election. Upon the cessation of the public
demonl!ltrations in the streets of the town
Mr. Mackenzie was earned into his house on
the shoulders of hisexultant admirers." 'Vith
this f'pisode the political history of the Red
Lion virtuaIJy ends. Public meetings and
elections were afterward helll! there, but
Mackenzie's triumph on this occasion was
the culminating point in its exi"tence. Suc-
ceeding Danieì Tiers in the management of
this old hnstelry were Messrs. Thol!l. Young,
who had the house in 1846.47, Wm. Trueman,
who had it in 1850, Rnd Messrs, Price. Free-
man and Naylor, Thomal!l Elgie, Geor
e
Dayis, Stephen Stroud, William Kirk a.IÌd
Thomas Holmes. The hotel is now the
prop;r
y of the Hon. Justice .Falconbridge,
and IS In the hande of R. J. Griffith &: Co.
for sale. Most of the characters who fig-
ured in the Red Lion's history have gone
over to the great majority, and soon the
old inn will follow the COUlse of all mun-
da.ne things.

CHAPTER XXXVI.
BERKELEY HOUSE.

Thf') Homestead or the Small Family at the
(;orosr of lUng and Berkeley
treeu-
Major Small and His Descendant...
Among those who accompanied Governor
Simcoe from England to Niagara and thence
to York was Major John Small, a mlmber
of an oM family in Gloucestershire, where
he had been a major of militia and mili-
tary instructor in 1778. Major Small
came over to Canada. in the capacity of
clerk of the Executive Council and clerk of
the Crown. He arrived at .Niagara Mon-
day, April 13th, 1793. Of this event the
Gazette atlG Oracle, in its fir>ot number, pub-
lil!lhed April 18th, 1793, says: ., We have
had a remarkably warm. winter ; the ther-
mometer in the severest time has not been
lower than nine degrees above sero
by Fa.hrenheit's IIcale. Lake Erie has
noi been frozen over and there hall
be8n very little ice on Lake Onta.rio. On
Monda.y evening, April 13th, there arrived
in ihe river 90t Niagara his Majesty's
armed schooner, the Onondago, in company
with the Laày Dorchester, merchantman
after an agreeabl
pa.sage from Kingston
of thirty-six hours. Amon&{ the passengers
were the followinlC gentlemen :-J. Small,
E
q., Clerk of the Executive Council
Lieut. McCarn of the 60th regiment, Cap-
tain Thomas ifraser, Mr. J. Denison, Mr.
Joseph }'or",yth, merchant, Mr. L. Craw.
ford, Captain Archibald Macdonald and
Mr. Hatha.way." On Thursday, Ma,y 3rd,
Governor Simcoe, who had reached Nia
ara
preYiou. to Major Small's arrival, set out
tor Toronto around the head of Lake On-
tario in boat8, accompanied by several mili-
tary gentlemen, one of whom was probably
Major Sma}]. The same evenil:g his Ma-
jesty's vessels the Ca.ldwelland Buffalo sa.iled
for the same place. This wa. tbe fin,t visit
paid by Governor Simcoe to the site of York.
Their journey of exploration ended May 13,
when they returned to Navy Hall, Niaga.ra,
by beat around the la.ke. The Governor
lost but liftle time in making arran
ements
to l!Iettle at the pbce hc had selected as the
site of hi. new Ca.pital. During the latter
pl\rt of July of the same year he sent for-
ward in ba.tteaux a.round the lake the
first division of the Queen's Ra.niEors
from Qneenston to Toronto, which had al-
ready been christened York. and shortlv
afterward he (lent another division in the
Onondago and Caldwei.l, following them
himself July 29 wIth hill suite and the re-
m1l.inder oÎ th . Rangers in the war schooner
)lississaga.. Mf\jor Littlehales being left at
Navy Hall for a few days to

S OF TORONTO.
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97

arrange household mattf'rs for the Governor
The following spring
L.jor Small built a
house at the south-west corner of an acre
plot of ground, ('xtendin
from Kin
street
to Front. Of thiR building Dr. Scadding
says :-" Mr. Small's originally was one of
the usual low lookin't domiciìes of the
country with central poriÍon and two gable
wings, somewhat after the fashion of many
an old country manor house in En
land.
The material of Mr. Small's dwell-
ing was hewn timber. It was
one of the earliest domestic erections in
York. \Yhen re-connructed at a subse-
quent period Mr. Charles Srnal1 preserved
in the enlarged and elevated building now
known as Berkeley House, the shape and
even a portion of the inner eubstancf' of the
original structure. We have before us a.
curious plan, undated but old, of the piece
of ground ori
inal1y occ.J.pied and en.
closed by Mr. Small a
a yard and
garden round his primitive homestead,
occupied 'Iond enclosed as it would seem
before a.ny building lots were set
off by authority on the Government reserve
or common here. The plan referred to
is entitled · A sketch showing the land
occupied by John Small, Esq., upon the re-
serve appropriated fO!' the Government
House,ut Y ork,by HisExcellencyLieut..Gov,
Simcoe.' An irregular oblong,coloured red, is
bounded on the north side by King street
and is lettered within · Mr. Small's Im-
provements.' Round the irregula.r piece
thus shown lines are drawn, enclosin
addi-
tional
p'lce and bringillg the whole into the
shape of a parallelogram; the part8 outside
tbe irreguiarly ehaped red portion are
coloured yell()w, and on the yellow thi

memrJrandum appear.; :-' This added wouid
ma.ke an acre.' The blo.:k thus brought
into shapely form is about one.half
of the piece of ground that at prcsent
appertains to Berkeley House. The
plan before us also incidentally shows where
the town of ÿ or
was supposed to termi-
nate; an im-cription-front line of the town
-run
along_ the followin
route :-Up
what IS now tne lane through Dr. 'Vidmer's
prop rty, and then at a right angle eaet-
ward along what is now the north boundary
of King street, opposite the block which
it wall neceSS'1ry to
et iut;o shape
round Mr. Small's first improve-
mems. Kin
street proper in this
plan terminates at Ontario street; from the
eastern limit of Ontario street the continua-
tion of the highway is marked 'Road' to
Quebec,' with an arrow showin
the direc-
tion in which the traveller must keep hI!!!
horse's head if he would reach that ancknt
city. The arrow at the end of the inscrip-
7

tion just given points !!!li
htly upwards, mdi,
cating the fact that the 8aid road to Quebec:
tends slightl, to the north aftf'r leavin
Mr
Small's clearing. n Major Small was on

of that
mal1l!:rou
of prominent men whose
rames continually occur in the old docu-
ments relating to the early history of York.
His name is found as one of the largest sub.
scribers to tht- Yone;e street improvement!
of 1801 and 1802. He wa.s a pewholder in
St. J amee' Church from its commencement
in 1803, and was a re,!!ular attendant at the
servicds. Later. in 1822, he with his Bons
Charles and James E., subscribed to the
fund for the construction of two bridges
over th<' Don. He was an a.ctive memb9r of
the Loyal and Patriotic Society of U ppE"r
Canada, and was one ,:>f the com-
mittee of the society that: voted Andrew
Borlltnd :E60 for his bravery in the war of
1812 at Detroit, Queenston and York, he
having been shot six times at the latter
piace. In 1801 Mr. Small was a candh1ate
for mf'mber of the House of Asstmbly to re-
presentconjoinrIy the County of Durham,
the east ridin
of the Cr,untyof York a.nd
the County of Simcoe,but he Was defeated by
Mr. A. Macdonell by a YotE" of 112 to 32
On the arrival at York of Lieut. -Goyernor
Peter Hunter a deputation of Quakers from
th" settlement up on Y onge street came to
him to complain of the delay the Quakðr8
experienced in getting p
.tents for their
lands, they being sent from one office to
another. The Governor requested the
members of the delegation to meet
him the next day at noon, and in the
meantime he issued orders to D. W. Smith,
the Surveyor-Genera.l; John 8m 111, clerk
of the Executive Council; Mr. Burns.
clerk of the Orown, and tc> Mr. Jarvis, Seo-
retary !loud Registrar of the province, to
explain why The patents had not been
issued. So vi
orous were the measures the
Governor took to confirm the rights of the
Quakers that they returned to the settlLment
with a high opinion of tht> new administration
and also with their patent
, On the morn-
ing of January 3rd, 1800, Mr. Small fou
ht
a duel with Attorney.General John White
in the grounds brtck of the Govt'Tllment
build-in?s. Mr, White was shot in the
hip a.nd soon af(er died. Mr. Small
wa.s indicted, tried for murder and acquit-
ted. Among the early re-idents uf York
'was a man who used to go about makin

silhouettes for anyone who would buy them.
Severa.l of these are now chel'ished by the
oid families ( f the town. One hanging in
the dining room of Bcrkeley Rouse repre-
sents Major Small in the costume
of the pedod seated on his favouritc
horse, ., 0 d Bob." It is cal
eJ an excellent

98

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

likeness. On either side of it hRnJl portraits
in oil of the Major and Mrs. Small. The
former is represented as .. fine-looking,
!'moothlv-shaven, gray haired man of the
En
lish type of countenance. Before the
f:rection of the Government buildings the
meetings of the Executive CounciJ
were frequently held in Berkeley House
anù Governor Simcoe as well as all the
other notables of the day were frequent
visitors. for it was a well known fact thd.t
Major Sma.ll kept open house. He would
stand in the doorway and ca.ll out to any
acquaintances who might pass by, "come in,
i have got a. good dinner for you to-day."
Major Sm"ll died here in 1829. His wife
a.lso died in the same building. About 45
years ago, Cha.r1es Small, the son of Major
Sma.lJ, rebuilt a.nd enlarged Berkeley
Hous-', giving it the appea.rance it now ha.s,
as shown in the a.ccompanying sketch. I

is a big rambling building, conring a larg
extent of grounu, and from its pE'culiar-
ities of a.rchitecture it seldom tails to arrest
the attention of the passer-by. There are
thirteen rooma in the building, all of which
are large, and several, luch as the drltwing
a.nd dining rooms, at the west side ot the
house, 18x45 feet in dimens:ons. CharlEs
Small was clprk of the Crown and :Pleas
Court of Kin
's bench, occupying thE' posi-
tion held by his father before him. During
the life of Charles, Berkeley House was one
of the Q,rea.t social centres and few indeed
are the members of the old aristocracy
who ha.....e not danced or dined beneath its
roof. A dancing card for a bal \
given a.t Berkeley House, February 18,1857,
is lettered in gold on "lazed white paper.
On the outside is the sm
ll coat of a.rms and
crest. a.nd the order of the twenty dances
comprising the quadrille, polka., waltz,

a ' Op, lancers, schottische. cotillion, and
polka redowa., is much the same as at a. ball
of the prt;sent day. Char1es Small and his
brother James E., were pupils of Dr. Stuart
at the Home District School. The latter
was one of the seconds of Samuel
Jarvis in the duel with John
Ridout, in 181i, in which Ridout
was killed. A remarkable coi ncidence is
that Charles Small, who w&s an invalid dur-
inlr the last yea.rs of his life. died in 1864
within a few feet of the spot whr>re he was
b'lrn in 1806. Mrs. Charles Sma.II possfssed
considerable artistic abitity and her pic-
ture!!! are now shown with pride by her
Bons. She a180 died in the old home-
stea.ù. Twenty years &go when the present
Mr. John Small was mak in 2 some
IIolterations in the house the workman c'l.me
upon the logs nsed in the construction of
the ori;.!ina.l buiidiDQ:. In recent years the

old houlle hits been converted into three
houses, numbered 299, 301 and 303 East
King street. The central one of these con-
tains the remains of the log house erectE'd
by Major John Small, a.nd it was here that
he lived and died. Like most homesteads
Berkeley H()use has its sha.re of hE'irlooms,
not the least interesting of which is the

rea.t d,ning tltble, at whose polished sides
fifty persons ha.ve frequently sat down. On
one side of the dining-room is a. large rose-
wood sideboard, a.nd beneath it a cellaret, 1ft
curiosity in these day,., being a big lead-
lined rosewood chest, brought from England
for the keeping ()f wines and liquors. The
ancient windows are tongued a.nd grooTed.
80 that when closed the lashes fit
snugly into the frame. All the woodwork
is ha.nd,made. Here a.ud there a.re relics of
olden times-a. rosewood desk, with count-
less pigeon-holes; shoe-buckles, worn in the
days- when silk hose, knee-breecheli and
powdered ha.ir wer
in vo
ue; ate.l a.nd
i VOl Y hooks for pulling on W ellin
ton boots,
and old prints of rural English scenes, mel.
low with age. At the birth of each of his
sons, John, J ame!! and Charles, Major
Sma.ll planted a pear tree a+' the rear
of the house. A few yea.rs agl) two of the
trees being somewhat decayed, were cut
down, but the third one is still standing,
with a e:rea.t bole two feet in diameter, and
what is more, it bears fruit of good quality
every year, and each sprinp; is loaded with
blossoms. Ao, it cannot be leas than 90 y
ars
old, it IS undoubtedly the most venerable
pear tree in the city. Stretching out behind
the houle is a fine lawn, which thou"h stiil
of
ood proportions is much curtailed, for
the lot origina.lly ran down to Front 'street.
and here where now arises the noise a.nd
smok'3 of tLe modern factory the present
Mr. John Small used to steal out with hiø
gun in the morning and shoot quai in the
thick asparagus beds at the rea.r of the
paternal estate.
The ðld Order ()han.,;e'h.
There are among the many changes in the
city during the last forty years few more
!!!tartling than the metamorphoses that han
been wrought in th9 western and north
western districts.
Young people of 15 or 16 can hardly be.
lieve what changes have occurred, they have
been so s1.range
vaned and numerous.

I..'ake, for instance, the angle +0 the north.
west of the city formed by ShR.W and Arthur
atreets. Here now (1893) are housei!, 8tores,
a.nd va.cant land, There is a good dea.l of
the latter certainly, but none under cul
iva.-
tion, yet in 1855 It yielded. &iii fine a.irlcul.
tur 801 produce as could be deøired.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

99

CHAPTER XXXVII
F. C. CAPREOL'S RESI.: ENCES.

The Homes and Enterprises .r the Founder
of tbe i'lrs' Ballroad In
an.da-Bemark.
able ()ftp&ure of Two Murderer..
SeTeral centuries
o t1iëre ITved In ßal:",-
a Boble family by tM name of CaprioJi.
One branch of the ÏamHy afterw:trds went
to France where drscendanti o
it a.re now
living. Another bn.nch went to Enela.nd
and taking up re
idence there Ang:ï-
cize,! too name by droppiD
the final
letter, making it Capreol Mr. Mor-
gan in his history of celebratecì
Canadians erroneously giTes the family a
Frp-nch origin under the name De Capriole,
but this spelling has never been a.dopted by
the br&Dch which settled in France, nor has
the prefix ever been assumed. In June,
1803, was horn to Thomas Capreol ana. his
wife at Bi9&wp's Stortford, Hertfordshire,
Eniland. a s
cond son, who was named
Frederick Chase Capreol, Chase being the
family name on the aide of the mother, who
was the niece of the lMe Sir :Richard
Chase and a relative of the Marquis
of Salisbury, In 1828. when twenty-five
years old youn
Capreol was sent to Canada
to assist in settting u.p the aBWrs of the
North-west Fur Company. During l1is two
yea.rs' residence he n",de his home in Mon-
treal where me offices of t-lte company were
1oc&ted. &eiïUl'nin
in 1830 he spent three

in bis nati" country and then eame
back to America.. Soon after hù arrinl on

western COI.I.ÍlDent he ms.rried _. Sky-
ring, a yC)ung lady who b-ad b en a paasfIDger
GR the same ship &Cross the A
aRtÍc. The
same year he nme to Toronto, or York B8 it
centinued to be 101' aboat twelve months,
and with his bride lin-d for a short time at
the British Coff, e Hoaøe. whieh Mood where
now il! tàe R088in House, the lacdl.ord a.t
that time being Mr. Keating. Shortiy aftar-
ward Mr. Ca.preol bought a lapg6> kact of
land at 1Ibe Cr dit, and for a time lived
there. Comiag back again to Toronto, h!'
took up his -.esidence for about a year on
t he west &ide of Bay street, a. littile south of
King street, where the club house now
stands Le1t,Ying tRia house, he movec,l intio
the buikling at the Dorth-weai corner of
Y \
&nd Melinda. streets. Hez{' on the
wound fInor he cortÒactied 8IIl auc
on room,
tlIe upper ßoor- being used for living
apa.rtlnents for hi& family. This W!WI a 1.arge.
long, roomy Daiiàing standing directI, on
the corner. It waa tw-o lJtories., blat rather
low, originally it W8S olapboarded a.nd

painted white, but afterward it was rough-
cast_ The front waS on Y onge street. The
centre of the front of the bUIlding was top-
ped with a flat roof, but &t either pnd of the
facade. the buildinU was projected several
feet, these projections being surmounted
with gables. At the rear on the
upper floor was a piazza. running

e width of the house. The entrance to
the auction room was through a large door
with big windows each side on Y onge
B'treet. On the edge of the roof was a long
board sign, with a white ground and in
black letters the words "Commercial Sales
Rooms." Over the main doorway leading
into the auction room was a large British
crown, carved in wood and surmour.ted by
a Malte:!le cross; these emblems in recogni-
tion of the loyalty of the owner, not only to
the Crown. but to the Order of Knighta
remplar, of which he waS a frater. Mr.
Capreol was a M,::mber of Geoffrey de St
Aldemar Prec,-,ptory of Knights Templar of
Toronto, and a member of Kbg Solomon's
Lodge, A, F. & A.M., No. 22 G.R.C. Mr.
Rubert Townsend, when he was wûrking for
Mr. Samue Rogers, well remembers the
minute instructions Mr. Capreol
ave him
when he had to re-paint this ornament.
The entrance to the domestic rooms
'WaS th.rough a door at the end of the house.
on the Melinda street side, and up a narrow
interior flight of stairs. At the rear of tàe
house, endosed by a fence, was a capacious
yard, in the back part of which was a
building originally used a.a the Board
room of the Northern Railw!l.Y C1)mpany.
This building wa.a built by the Baldwin
family. and was afterwards occupied by
some of them from 1825 to 1832. At that
time it was taken by Francis Hincb. &her-
wards the Hon. Francis Hincks, as a whole-
sale dl'y-
oods house. On Mr. Hincks' re-
tirement Mr. Capreol opened a commercial
sail sroom about 1840. which he continuei
until about 1850. During the earlier stage
of the prùmotion of the Northern Railway
he hMl an office around the corner, entrance
from Melinda street. Prior to this there
was a door in the Routh part of the buildiu$t
on Y onge street, where an office for Puncl
in Canada was k. pro Punch in Canada was
a comic paper, published by Mr. De WaldeD.
The cartoons and i)]ustrations wl're made by
the Shanleys. After Mr. Capreol vacated.
the building it was occupied by several
peoule. and when the Government came
her
about 1850 Lovell & Gibson had a.
printing offi.
in it. This continued for
Hlany yean, a.nd finnlly Mrs. Cleland"s
office wa.s moved here, and business was
carried on by MI". Graham as
printer. After thi8 the bailding

100

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was torn down. Mr. Hincks subsequent to
this was connected with the F dormers' Bank,
and finally kept a store on King street,
near Mr. Joseph Roger s establishment)
opposite the Cathedral. Mr, Wi Ham Gentle,
sun-in-law of the laLe Mr. Dennis,
manaO'ed the business Îor him.
Some;'here aboRt the year ISt6 Mr. Capreo:
gave up this house, bought the property on
the south sIde of Wellington street, west vf
Yonge, where the warehouse of Hunter,
Rose & Co. now stands, and moved his
fami]y into th3 capacious residence which
had previously been erected on the lot by
Henry John Boulton. It was in the draw-
in
-room of this house that Sir Allan McNab
was married, and here also were born most
of Mr. Ca.preol's childrp.n. The house when
Mr. C 'preol bought it was frame, p:tinted
brown, but during his occupancy it waS
stuccÐed. It was two storeys high,
with a flat roof, ornamented in the
oentre with a small 2able, a style of
architectur<
much in vogue at that time and
which may still be seen in such houses as
The Grange, J ustice Campb
ll's house, and
the Palace Boarding House, The buildin

stood .. few feet ba.ck from the street and
the little yard in front was protected by a
low railing. Sheltering the front door wa.ø
a lar
e porch. At the rear was a broM
verandah overlooking a spacious and prettily
laid out garden. A winJi{ projected from
t11e rear. Here the family lived until
twelve years ago, when the house waa
moved to No. 24 Clarence øquare
where it now stands, its frout, bricked .p,
bow windows thrown out and otherwise im
proved, but in the ma.in Ute sa.me b\lildin
.
On ihe door of the Clarence sqnare resi-
dence may be seeu the well worn brass pla.t

inlcribed "Mr. Capreol," which did duty in
Enllla.nd more than a century ago. In the
dinin'{-room hangs I he portrait of
Mr. Uapreol's grandfather painted by
Sir Joshua Reynolds. While liv-
ing in the Wellin
ton I!tre"t home
Mr. Capreoi conceived the idea of carrying
through a. railroad from Toronto to Lake
Huron, a project which had been much dis-
cuged, but for which no active measures
ha.d eYer heen taken. His first scheme was
to raise tbe nec:e&8ary fundll by means of a
lottery, the proceedl of the tickets to bt>
used in the purchase of 100,000 acres of land
alon
the projected line of the road, the idea
being that the profit from the land would
pay for the whole construction of the road
The p'aú Wa.I! viewed with QIStl.'Ust by some.
and condemned as immoral by otoors, &lid as
M . conSE>quence it fell through. Dd'eated
in his first attemp!; Mr. Capreol did not give
np in despaìr. but simply cba.n"ed his course

and set to work to organise a company. A
bill granting a charter for the road wat
drawn up anù passed by th
legislature, L.t
the Governor-General reserved it for the
Crlueen's aS3ent. 'When thii! new difficulty
was thrown in hi
way, people began to call
the organizer of the road "Mad Capreol,"
but nothin
dø.anted he aet out for England.
laid the bill at the foot of the thron" and iu
the short space 0: øe....en weeks was ba.ck
with the royal assent. The energ .tic found.
er of the CMladian system of railroads of to-
day lost no time in maki:'
arran
eDlenu
with C. Story & C,>., Nt"w York, coutrac-
tors, for the c 'nstruet.i.on of the road. On
August 29th, 1849, the roya.l aøsent t
the
bill authorizing the construction of the road
was r2ceived and Mr. G..preol ordered..
handsome silver spade and an orna-
mental oak wheelb:trrow for the occ..

sion, La.dy Elgin having cO:1sented
to break the fir;;t ground. On his returD
from England Mr. Capreol had been ap.
pointed manager of the road and styled
.. father of the undertakirn;c," but in the
face of the 1tenefit he had thus oonferr':!cI
upon Canada, and especially up')tl Toronto,
the honour of presenting the spade to Lady
Elgin wa.a taken away from him. for the
directors, animated by jealousy, dismisl'ted
him from hi8 office of manager but a few
days before the first sod was turned. As
this time the whole board which dismissed
him so cavalierly had only -J:,
10i!. at stake
in the enterprise while Mr.Ca.preol had spent
out of his pdyate means :t12,350. To reo
corrpen8e hun for this outlay he W&ll voteli
by the directors bond!!! to the amou.t of
:t11,000. and beside this sum
never reo
cei ved a dollar from the company tilì ab')u.
ten yeari! ago. when an annuity of $1,200
per year wa.ø
ranted him, which lapíled
at the time of his death. A (!ood
deal of sympathy was elicited on Mr. Ca.
preol's behalí in consequence of this unhand.
some treatment by the directors; the jour-
nals of the day censured them seyerely ; tbe
prominent men of Toronto, the Board of
Trade and individuals sent p"titions, numer-
ously signed, for his re-instatement, but all
to no purpose. In the long memorial of
the people calling for his re-appointment at
manager, they say, among other oompli-
mentary things: "In the course 'of Mr.
Capreol's almost herculean b,bours during
the past four year.. and at his own heavy
expense and great risk he has accomplished
results which the moei hopeful looked UPOI)
as nearly impossible, and has conqu red
obsta.clØ!! which to men less sangnine and
enenzetic than he has proved him
elf
would have been found insurmountable."
The weather on the 15th of Octob
r, 1851,

102

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103

wa.s beautiful On that day in the pi esence
of a. great assemb:a.ge on the Esphna.de, just
wcst of Simcoe street, opposite '.;he parlia.-
ment buildings, L'1.dy Elgin pressed her
dainty foot upon the richly ornamented
.pade, threw up a little dirt into the hand-
somely oa.rved O&k wheelbarrow which
Mayor Bowes. who &88iste.i in the ceremony,
wheeleù a. short distance a.nd then emptied.
On this occasion Mayor Búwes wa.s resplen-
dent in a cocked hat, sword, knee breeches,
silk dückin2s anll shoes, with silver
buckles, The road, later known a.s the
Northern Railwa.y, wa.s then entitled the
Ontario, Simcoe & Huron Railroad Com-
pø.ny. .Many flags floated in the a.ir about
the scene of the first breaking of the sod,
conspicuous among them being ba.nners with
the in"criptions " Never De.;;pa.ir " and
"Perseverance Conquers." The first loco-
moiiv(> for the new road WI\S built a.t Port-
land, MMne. It w&s na.med Lady Elgin,
a.nd a photograph of it now hangs
in the offices of the Northern Company.
The Lady Elgin weighed about twenty-
tour tons. She ha.d five-foot driving wheels
and a 14x20 cylinder. She wa.s wha.t is
technically known as a.n lDside connected
engine, her works a. 1 11ying under the boiler
and Oftt of sight. She wa.s of too light
calibre for anything but constrne:tion work
and at that she was put after her arrival.
Of a.ll the men who ha.d charge of the Lady
Elgin during her existence the whereabouts
of only one was known last ye&r. Tha.t was
Philip WaI'I'en, of Collingwood, then run-
ning a. freigM en
ine between that phce
a.nd ToroBto, and he had charge of the en-
gine only a. compa.ratlvely short time before
she waf! finally side-M'acked. Other engi-
aeen were Willia.m Ruckett, Sila.s Huckett,
Ca.rlos McCanl, Chris Hildebra.ndt, John
Legge, Joah. :Metzker, Dan. Sheeh:J.n a.nd
D90D Bracken. They are aU dead now.
Beforf! the ;ailroa.c:f was opened the stageR
did aU tJie mtsine"s, a.nd as stea.m travel
took a.way tbe means of liv'lih00d from
owner'S and drivers, the company gave them
positions on the road. The first accident
occurred on th roa.d ou the afternoon of
Slluday, July 16, 1853, A Rhort distance
80uth of Weston the engine struck a. cow,
throwing off the rails the coach, which
rolled down a steep embankment, \üta.lly
wrecking
e car a.nd severely illjUrÏn
an
Irish pa.ssenger and two brakemen, who
were its only occupants. The ba.gga.ge CM'
was provided with chairs So do dui;y as a
passenger coach for the rest ot the trip a.nd
she train proceeded on its way on}y to
sirike a. truck and go off the track a.ga.in
D.ear Newma.rkl:t. The Lady Elgin was
used for øhuntin'C until 1880. when the

j;{auge of the roaà waf! changed. A portion
of the sod turned over by La.dy El\{in on
the oCCc:l.sion of breaking
round Îor the
road wa.s preserved by Mr. Sandford Flem-
ing, a. civil en(!ineer, and by him presented
to the company, in whose offices at the foot
of Brock street it now lies encased in
an ornam nta.l box The second engine
was the Toronto, built a.t J a.mes Good's
foundry on the north Hide of Queen street,
between Y onge and Victoria. streets. At
8 0'c10ck in the moming of Ma.y 16th, 1853,
the first pa.s:>enger tra.in ever run in Canada.,
pulled out in the presence of a large crowd
from the little wooden shed opposite the
Queen's Hotel, which had beeu dignified .by
the name of station. The train was ma.de
up of the enw.ne Lady Elgin, a. box car and

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a. pa.ssenQ'er car. There was no ticket office,
Alderma.n John Harvie, the conductor of
the train, selling "he tickets on board. The
first ticket bought was by a shoema.ker
n&med Maher, livinj;{ on ea.st Queen street,
who obj
cted to pa.ying a. dollar to ride 30
nilles. A dispute exist::! as to who wa.s the
enginf'er. It was ei
her Ca.rls McCaul,
of Parkfla1e, or M. Huckett, The à.e:<tina-
tion of the train was Aurora.. All along the
route people turned out in great crowds to
:!lee the novel :!i
ht. Two hours a.fter lea.v-
in!;l tM tra.in whistled "Down Brakes" at
Aurora. Mad C,lpreol's scheme was a
grE'&t succel!s. The first railroa.d ex-
cursion in Canada. waa on the Queen's Birth-
da.y of the same year. The sp
de with
which Lady EI
in threw up the son on that
eventful October day is a beautiful imple-
ment, now in the pO!SSßssioD of Mr. Capreol'.

104

LANDßIARKS OF TORONTO.

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family. The wood, silver and gold
are all natural products of (}an-
ada. and?f Toronto workma.nship. The
handle IS bird's eye maple, but
almost completely covered with sUver.
On the blade, which is solid silver, is a
large maple lea.f in relief and engraved be-
low it the British coat of arms with the
legends .. Never Despair" and" Persever-
ance Conquers." Wht:re the handle joins
the bla.de is a richly chased band of silTer
with a. gold rose, ãhamrock and thistle in
8011;0 relievo. On the lilver plz.te half way up
the handle is the inscription I'This spade was
nsed at the formal commencement of the
Lake Huron and Ontario Ship Ca-na.l by
Frederic C. CaprpoJ, Esq., President of tbe-
Company, Toronto, 17t h Sept. 1866." thil!!
having been substituted for the original
inscription on the spade in regard to the
railroad. Above this higher up on the
handle n the crest of the Capreol family
with the motto : II Prends moi tel que je
suis." On the cross-bar of the handle is the
coat of IIol"ms of the city of Toronto and at
either end heads of the British lion and the
American ea
le. After Mr. Capreol's dis-
mIssal from. the mana
emnnt of the
enterprise which he brought into existence
he spent some time abroad in travel. Whiie
on this trip he WM p! esented in London
with a handsome service of plate,
consisting of seventeen pi
ces, a tribute by
the citnenø of Toronto as a madt of their
confidence, esteem and
ratitude fOl' the
services which he had renderp,d t<> tBe city.
On his return to Toronto Mr. Capreol agaiu
took up his residence here. In 1861 he
succeeded in getting a bill throu
h the
legi!llature authorizing him to sell his la.nds
at the Credit by lottery, and with the
money to erect a large cotton
fa.ctory. This bill recêived the
Queen's assent, but Mr. Capreol's
attention having been drawn into a.nother
channel in the meantime the project was
dropped. His new scheme was the eonstruc-
tion ot a canal t() m;-.ke direct commuuica-
"on between L'lkes Huron and Ontario-the
idpa being to shorten the dista.nce by wa.ter
between the territories of the great west
and the seaboa.rd about five hundred mii.ee
and thul opening communication with Lakes
Michigan and Superior to facißtaiQ the
passage of emigrants to the Hudson B..y
terriwriea, the Red River and &skatch8-
wan diatricts, and cveuGually to form an im-
portant link in a chain of
ommunic'ttiO'l
between Europe, the Ed.st Indies and Cnina.
through British North America.. The Lon-
don papers devoted considerab:e attention

o the plan of the proposed
?na.l which was
named the h Lake Huron and Ontario Ship

105

CanaL" Ground for it was broken Sept.
17, 1866, and offices of the cgmpa.uy were
estAblished in a building on the north side
of WeUingion street, nea.r Scott aireet. The
project wal never cdrried through to com-
pletion howeover. Of a.ll Mr. Capreol's varied
a.etivities none is more remarkable or more
interestins;r than hi
capture., si
le-handed
,md unarmed, of tw<> murderers. As a piece
of detectin work and execative ability it
haø never b
approaehed by Iio civilian,
and it is doubtful whether it ha.e ever been
equalled in S&ga.eity, directness, triumph
over obstaclps and expeditious eXt'cution bY'
any professioBal detective or officet", The
following account of thÏII most rem
u:&ble
and dari
capture is the n&.rratÌve a.s re-
la.ted by MT. Ca.preol bimself to his friend.,
Mr. Herbert G. P&lIIl, who ha.s kindly TOld
it for this M"tie1e. On
unday evening
of July 31, 1843, the peopk of Toronto were
thrown
excitement over the sta.rtling
\'1Im.our that a horrible double murder ha.d
been committed in a lonely house on the
Y onge street road, many miles north of the

_ The report which reached town was
that Thomas KÏ1,near and his houEekeeper,
Ann Montgomery, ha.d been 8.ssa.asinated at
Mr. Kinnear's residence, a solitary dwelling
ly
back near the woods, a. little beyond
Richmond Hin, on the west side of th

Yonge meet road. The W()Ißtm's throat
had been cut from ear to eftT. She was
found in a wash-tub, and Mr. Kinnear had
received a blow on the back of the heø.d
from some heavy instrnmen t, fra.cturi

his skull, TÞere was evidence to show that
the work had been done by at least two
persons. It was believed that a large sum
of money was in the house recently taken
there by Mr. Kinnear and that robbery was
the motive for thc murder. As the people
came from their re.spective placel of worship
that Sunday eveniDg, they met excited
groups a.t the street corners discussing the
affair, for the murdered man WaS well
known in Toronto. The news sprea.d quick-
ly through the city, and many W8re the
eager questions asked: II \Vho were the
murderers?" .. How ma.ny were there!"
" Was a woman connected with the
work f' II \Vhere had they fled?" Such
were some of the inquiries, but none could
answer th.'m. Among the last to hear of
the murder was Mr. Frederick U Capreol,
one of the most prominent CllÌEèl18 of the
day and ft.D. intimate friend of Mr. Kiunra.r,
His children b;-ouO'ht the news home on
th, ir return from 0 crnuch, and <ktailed aU
too particulars they had heard about tile
crime. Hurriedly pu.&ting on hiB hat, with-
oat a word to any of the famIly. he rWlhed
from the hOU88 on W clliDgton street" a.o.d

106

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

hastened to King street in the hop' just made up my mind to go. You w"re a
of finding some one who could give personal friend of Kinnear. So come
him more news of the tragedy. along."
But the streets were almost deserted and he .. Of :::our.se I wi'l not. bat the auihori-
met no one who could impart additional in- ties take the ma.tter in t.and. N
formation. He then went to the police "The authoritics! Wh:lt cro they care!
station, where he found an ( fficer and a de- I have just come from the sta.tion and UQ'
tective on duty. body there knows anythin
about tbe afTa.il'
" Are you doing a.ny
hing a.bout this mur- or will take any a.ction until to, morrow. "
der?" .Mr. Capreol a.skpd exeitedly. " Well, Uapreol, perh&pÐ the whole affair
"No," replied the officer, sharply. "\Vhat is a hoax, and we may see Kinnear to-
is yonr name, sir!" morrow morning laughinc ever his own
" You know 'Yery well who lam," cried resurrection. ,f
Mr. Capreul, angrily. "This m1udered .. It is not likely."
man was a particular friend of mine and .. Well, there's ple:1 ty of time."
tha.t is why I am so anxious about the mat- .. Plenty of time! Why, my dear man,
ter " they will ÌJe far awJ.Y then. If once they
.. \Ve have nothing to do with the ca.se,u get in to the Sta.tes they will be safe
ea.id the officer curtly, proceeding to make enough."
an entry on the slate, a.s if to say "The in- "Oh, I guess thlY will nut get as ia.r a.s
te'.view is at an end." that. Good night," and laughing pleasantly
But Mr. Capreol was not thus to be Mr. Stevenson hurried home.
bluffed, and he asked" Do you intend to do ASlOnished but not in the least turned
a.nything about it?" from his purpose Mr. Capreol rapidly walk-
e< Cou,dn't sa.y; could tell you better in ed to the house of the Hon. Henry
the morning," was the answer. Sherwood, then ma.yOl' of the city.
" But the morning will be too late to start On arrivi.l
he fouud it in darkness, the
about it. The rascã:s could be in the States tamily and servants having retirell for the
by that time." night. He rang the bell and after a. time a
.. We shall do our duty, whatever that man servant c !m
to the door.
may be, 'Ve have no authority in t
"I want to see Mr. Sherwood at once,"
matter," was the: I)fficer's response. said the caller.
Seeine: he could obtain no satisfaction " You c:umot see him; he has gone to
from the police, Mr. C"preol leU the bed."
station. At thIS time the founder of the " I must see him immediately."
Northern Railwayof Canada was strong .. But he has
{)ne to bed."
ftud agile and bold as a lion, and must have "Then call hilll.-'
been a man of undaunted courage to con- " But, I tell you he has gone to bed."
ceive the plan he undertOok that ni((ht, On At this moment the window over the front
leavine:thestation he walk"dra.pidlyto Yonge door was raised and the nightcapped head
street, questionin
every person he met in of the HOD. Henry Sh
rwood was thrust
regard to the murder, and gaining the addi- forth.
tional information that on the day before a "Who's there! Wha.t's an the distul'-
suspicious looking man anù woman had been bance about? Why, ia tha.t you my dear
seen in a much-bespattered waggon drivins;r Capreoi!"
at a furious pace along the Vaughan road. " Y cs, I want to speak to you. Will you
For a few momente Mr. Capreol stood un- give me credentials to purlue the murderers
decided at the comer of Colborne and Y onge oi Mr. Kinnear and his housekeeper! "
streets. Then the determination seized him "Credentials! Credentia.ls I I don',
to pursue and capture the murderers alone understand, Capreol, credentia.ls did y'JU
if possible. At this moment Mr. Stevenson, say? "
Ii mutual friend of the murdered man a.nd " Yes. If you will iive authority to
Mr. Capreo! came alon((. pursue the murd.erers I feel conti dent I can
"Hello ! Capreol, What are you doing bring them back within two days. All I
here! Did you hear about Kinnear!" he ask is your authority. I will bear aU the
exclaimed. l xpense my,'elf."
" Yea. and you are the very ma.n I want " Wait until the mornlDg, I have gone to
to se
; I propose to follow the murderers
." At this the man in the ha.ll chuckled.
and catch them and I want you to go with .. Yes, so your servant has told me half a
me." doz"Jl times, but if I don't get authoritt un-
" Me!" cried Mr. Stevenson in surpr ise. til mominv the murderers will esca.pe,
"Ves, whV not! You have plenty of "Oh, no. I'll see about it then and the
time. You are strong as a giant. I have I detectivcs shall be placed on their Ìl'ack. "

L
\:-.D)fARKS OF TORONTO

107

;. _.

......

-
-::-':- ..

MR. CAPREOL CLIMBING ISTO MR. OGILVIE'S WINDOW.
U But why not place me on the track now? I " B<3c,-\.Use if you are, I want you to get
In two hours I will be on the la.ke in "The up steam immediately," cried Mr. Capreol.
Transi'" a.nd in six hours I will interc.!pt But Captain Richardson, for it wa.s he, did
them at Lewiston, for they ha.Ye prohably : not mOTe or appear in the least excited.
pne that way." I Strikin
a match he deliberately re-lighted
"I can't Go it now, Capreol, I am going I his pipe, which ha.d gone out. Then he
to beð. Good night," and the window was c!Iolmly a.sked :
closed. At the aame time the hall door "Have yon got one hundred dollars
was shut, but not before a yoice was heard I about you 1"
exclaimin
exultingly: "Didn't I tell you I ", Yes," answered Mr. Capl'eol, .e I wiU
he b.ad
o
e to bed I" give yon a cheque right a.way for the a.mount
DIsa.ppomted, but more determined than' if you must be paid in advance, although I
eY'et", Mp. Capreol turned away from the I think: the cha.rge extortionate merely to go
Mayor B bouse and hurried to 'he Church I across the lake."
street wharf where "The Transit" was' " Is it a bogus ch que!" asked th . doubt.
IY!-n1 .
ere he .found a man sitting on the I Iu] captain, without moving hiø po.,>ition.
nu.l eDJOymg a pipe. I II No ; it is a. good honourable cheqUe. I
Be grec:
d
im with the inquiry: "Are I am Mr. Capreol a.nd I wa.nt to get over to
you Captam Richardsoo 1" Lewiston before 3 o'clock to-morrow morn-
_ .. WtJ7 1" was the monosylla.bic queation lng. You haTe hea.rd about thp murder on
m retura, Yongf' street, I presume 1 Well, I r.w pllr

108

LAKD
IfARKS OF TORONTO.

I!!uing the murderers, and I hope to inter-
cept them at Lewbton. Come, move like a
good fellow and 'l'et up 8team."
"What did you sa.y your name was !"
queried the captain.
" C;tpreol."
.< Capreoì ! Capreol J I don't know that
name. How do I know you are not the
murderer yourself, tryi
to cut the coun-
trv'"
At this
lr. Capreol grew indignant, but
restraining his anger he said: "Do you
suppose, captain, I would take this course
if I were the murderer !"
" I òon't know; it is very likely; it is
not !\ bad idea; but I guess it is all ri
ht,
only I want ca'3h, not a cheque. How do 1
know the cheque is good !'
" I assure you the cheque is good."
" Well, I am not going to risk anything;
I want caah. ",
Chpcked aga.in, Mr. Capreol thought a
moment, then taking trom his pockpt his
pocket-book all the money he had with him
-aboue $13-he gave it to the captain, alloY-
ing: "Get up steam and be ready for me in
one hour from now. In the meantime I will
go and get the balance."
.. AU right," returned the captain, "but
if you don't come back in an hour with the
money I don't move, and you don't get this
back e:ther."
But where to get the balance at thh time
of the night was the next problem that con-
fronted Mr. Capreol. Leaving the wharf
at the corner of Front and Y onge streets,
he nearly ran against Mr. Carruthers, a
wealthy friend, to whom he appealed for
help.
"I am 8orry, Vapreol," said that gentle-
man, "but I drJU't exactly care to advance
DtOnev on such a. hare-brained scheme al
yourS: I am thinking more on your own
account. ì would not go if I were you.
The whole city will be talking about you.
Your family do not know a.nything about it,
1"u say. Come along with me, al1d leave
the matter to the authorities,"
" A curse on the authorities. Good night
to you, and tha.nk you for nothing," cried
Mr. Ca.preol in a rage as he duhed up the
street, leaving Mr. Carruthens standing
ama-zed a.t the corper.
At Melinda anJ Y onge streets he paused,
feeling almost b:dBed. But suddenly an
idea occurred to him. "I'll try Mr. Ogil-
vie," he excla.imed to himself. Mr. Ogilvie
then lived over his store on the south side
of King street, a few doors west of Y onge,
in the building now occupied by .1"'u11on &
Michie. In two minutes Mr. Cap['eol \Vas
ra'tlillg away at the front door of his
Rore. But on this night cir
um'3tances

seemed to thwart the amateur de-
tective at every turn. It happener:
that Mr. Ogilvie'8 chamber was up
tairs at
the rear of the building,and knock as loudly
as might be he could not be 8oroused. Find-
ing he could not awaken Mr. O
ilvje, Mr..
Ca,preol went around to Melinda street with
something like despair in his heart, tor he
knew that solid g80tes and a hi
h brick
wall barred the entrance to the yard in
he
rear, A few moments was spent in exami-
natiÆ of the formidable-looking ba.ITIer,
then, realizing th80t every moment was
precious, he ess...yed the feat of scaling the
wall, a feat whICh even Jean Valjean
might ha.ve despaired of. Time after time
he feU baek to the ground. Once he
heard or thought he heard footsteps ap-
proaching from Jordan street. In dismay
he crouched by the wall, n3t knowi.n
how
to &CC3unt for his suspicious actions if a
policeman had discovered him in the attempt
to climb over ihe wall. But no one ap-
proached, and re.assured he again set to
work at his almost impossible task. The
wall W808 a.s smooth as brIck a.nd mortar
could make it. There w80s not the
slig ,test hold for hands or feet. At length
taki
out his penknife, by dint of bard
iabour, he manag,"d to dig out mort;a..r
mfficient to give hIm the scantiest-holed for
his toes and the tips of his fingers. After
stveral heavy faUs, with torn clothes, bleed-
ing hands, bruised and scratched Jjmbs,
without a hat he finally, half an hour before
midnight, had the satisfu,ction of sittin
ex-
hausted astriåe the top of the wall. On
recovering his breath he prepared to de-
ilcend, a rather dangerous teat, as the
ground within the wall was several feet
lower than the sidf.walk. At L ngth h

found himself in Mr, Ogilvie's back yard,
his trials near at an end, as he thought, but
indeed they had only faIrly commenced.
At the rear of the store was a door.
Up0n this he rapped and pounded and
kicked for nearly ten minutes, but all
to no purpose. Mr. Ogilvie WM a sound
sleeper and hi::, windows were closed. Then
he began a seareh for a stone or a piece of
wood to throw against the gh
s, but neither
could be found. The yard had been ntcwiy
planked and swept and was as smoot;h and
clean as a billiard table. Not until now
haò he lost heart, his condition was worse
than before, for now he was a. prisoner, a'\
it was imp'>ssib e to <;cale thp wal! severnl feet
hightòras It wason the in
idethan on the street
!'ide. Then it rushed upon him that Mr.
Ogilvie was probably not at home. Sitting
down on the st. ps he gave hImself up to
despair. Suddeuly the recollection of
his murdered friend aroee. H They must,

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

109

they shall be brought to justice," he ex- the window hve feet away, he
e aiIned

prinRing up he began &Dew an saw that his feet were nearly on .
e][muiDBtîon of the pl:emises. All at once level with the sill. The Venetian blinds
his eyes lighted up"'n the pipe which carried were opt'n aud held back a
&inøt the wall
'\R.ler from tbe roof. This pipe was fasten ell by strong old-fashioned staples. This
pe.rp
ndicu1arl:y to the wall &bout .five feet helped him in one way, aø it, ga.ve him a
from Mr, Ogilvie's chamber which was better hold than the pipe furmøhed, but the
ab->lIt
,.,.enty teet from the ground. It was projection of the blinà increased the difli-
.. de'pw-aie ehance,for how could the window I culty ot reachin1!' the wind, w sill with his
be reacÀed at th8o' di!lta.nce from such a foot. At length panting, utterlye-x:hauøted
preearioul!! poeition aI!I one clinwng to the and m:ar1y fa.i.nting, he obtained a foothold
pipp would be placed in. :Mr. Ca.preol did on the sill. Thell with the blade of hi.

---

=--

,

\

-

----

THE LADY ELGlY-THE FIRST YORTHER'< ENGINE.

PAC-SIMILE OJ' THE FIRST NORTHER
RAILWAY TICKET.
BOt hesitate long, Clutching the pipe I knife, he raised the lower sash of the win-
de&pera.
ly, hand over hand up he went, dow s:> as to get his fin
ers under' it, The
'I'h
fraIl tube shook and trembled and bent next moment he had pushed up the sash
M if about to fall aw,.y from its fa.stenin'{s. and stbpped into the room. There on nis
Tb& baads ho1diug it quivered and creaked I bed la.y Mr. Ouilrie in sound sleep.
u if s,rained to their utmost, The perspi- gitting down f
r a few momenta
ra.tionstoodo
tingreatdro!{S all over the face the bold intruder watched his sleeping
of the bold chmber. Ofl

ookill2 down he friend while he recovered his own corn-
Wall øeized with vertigo, and wOllld have I posure. Then advancing to
e bedside',
f.llen but rememberin
his mission and his he gently shook the sleeper. The effect was
fa.mily, hie
ra,,<;p tl
tened, and with I magical. In an instant Mr. Ogilvie h&d
Ðlenched teeth he continued ,be perilous sprun.g to his feet, 8t:i
d the supposed
&acent. Flllal!y lookin
westward
burglar by the throat with a.n iroll
raep

110

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

that choked him and rushing him to the
op"n window, was about to hurl him out
when he reco!lnized the fa.ce of his friend.
Releasing his hold, frightened and
p:1.le, Mr. Ogilvie stood in a::!tonish-
ment looking at his strange vi.itor
who !'otood before him barehealled,
with bloody hauds and torn ga:-ments.
Rapidly Mr. Capreol explainf'd the situa-
tioll whi'e Mr. Ogilvie dressec1.
"A hundred dollars 1 ce.tainly. There
are tWf'nty-one sovereigns," and the mer-
chant counted the gold in his visitor's h&nd.
Borrowin
a p
ir of trousers and a hat, Mr.

apreol hastened to make his return io the
boat, which he found waiting ready tor
operø.tion.
The remainder of the story can be better
told by quoting from the British Colonist
of 2nd Augu,;t, 1843 :-The article used was ..
doubrë=b,uTelled gun belonging to Mr. KIll-
near. Mr. Kinnear came to 1'0routo on
Friday late in the afternoon, rem!l.ined al.
night, and went home the next day between
two and three o'clock p,m. He had invited
a friend named Capt 'ihyd to dine with him
th
following day. Capt. Boyd called at
the house and finding all the doors open and
the house I1pp1rently de
t:rted, had the
place searchea, and the body of MI'. Kin-
near was found in the cellar covered with
blood. Capt, Boyd dispatched 8t messenger
a.t once to Ald. Gurnett. Aftf'r mature
deliberation a warrant was made out for
Ann Montgomery. the hom,
keep 1', and
James McDermott a.nd Grace Marks, thp
servants. The warrant was placed in the
hands of Mr. KingsmilI, the High Bailiff.
It was found that Grace Marks aDd Mc-
Dermott had been at the Citv Hotel in the
morning, and had gone on .the steamer to
Lewiston with a horse and waggon, the
property of Mr. Kinnear, 'J,nd loti o
luggag a .
Mr. Capreol, a friend of Mr. Kinnear,
chartered the steamer Tran-it, and at one
o'clock in the mûrning accompanied Mr.
Kin
smill in pursuit, an I the two were
taken into custody in a house near'the quay
at Lewiston at five a. m. Tiley were placed
in sJparate rooms ø.nd bruught to Toronto
ab.out midday. Their contradictory stories
about Nal1<1y led to a search, and the body
was found in a b'iorrel in the root-house,
evidently strø.ngled, a handkerehief being
iound around her neck, with mø.rks of such
a deed of vioence. The pri::!oners Wf're pri-
va.tely examined. J ames McDermott is
fl"e feet, six inches in height, and ha.s bef'n
in Cana'la for six Y::><l.rs, during one or which
he was with Capt. McDone]!. of the G;('n-
garry Liiht Infantry. He haú b
en dis-
charged in .May, and lived with Mr. Kin,
nea.r only a month. He wa.s of slender

build, swarthy, and of a forbiddin
aspect.
Grace Marks, the female, although wholly
devoid of educ'ttion, pO'jsessed good features,
and in point of personal !.I.ppearance wa.s
much superior to her paramour. Mr. Kin-
near was a brother of Mr. Kinnear, of Kin-
loch, Cupa' fife,
cotland.
Thp Colonist says that Mr. Capreol went
after midnight te the residence of Mr.
Ogilvie. who when he was roused out of
bed, and the circumstances e
plained to
him, handed Mr. Capreol a cheque for
thirty pounds, to enable him to enga
e the
steamer and proceed on Ius journey. But
ior this circumstance the prisoners might
have escaped detection.
As soon as the High Bailiff discovered
where they wlJre stopping at Lewiston, he
cautiously proceedrd (w,th on" of the crew
of the steamer that had brought them ov
r,
and who could identify them) to their bed,
rooms, Going into the room where Mc-
D
rmott lay Mr. Kingsmill softly approach.
eà the bpd to see if he could identify him
according to the description given. His
heart at that time (according to the High
Bailiff's description) was heaving violently,
his countenance looked almost black, and
he had the appearance of a fiend. There
was another p
rson sleepinj.! at the same
time in the room, who, after bein
informed
of the murder, ]mmediately got up and ap-
peared in every way disposed to render as.
sistance. The girl, who asked repeatedly
what was the matter, with aff
'cted sur-
prise at being disturbed, was made to dress
first. Ha vin
given her in charge to the
person with him, the Hi(!h Bailiff then
went up to McDermott's bed, who from the
motion of his eyelids appeared to be only
feigning sie 'p, The following dia]ogue
then took place:
High Bailiff(rousin
up prisoner)-" Come
Mac, I want you, get up."
Prisoner-" What, what do you want me
for 1 What's the matter 7"
High B tiliff-" How came you not to pay
the dues on the horse and waggon 7"
Prisoncr-" Because I had not got the
money. "
Hig
H
iljß'-" W

l get up a.nd dress
yours 'If, I want you.
The prisoner up to this time, !L8 the HiRh
Bailiff, was In plain clothes, appears not to
hav'
recognized him, but the young man
who had been sleeping in the room with
ilim, prononncinp; the na.me of " KingsmiIl,"
the truth of his position seemed to fla..\!h
across his mind.
Pri!;oner-" Ah, I seE' it now. I know
what you want me for. But have you
found Nancy yet t'
High Bailiff-" No; where is she 1"

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

. t
PrIsoner-co Ha.ve you offered any leward '
for her!"
High Bailiff-" No."
Prisoner-" Well, you find Nancy 9Ut.
You get hold of Nancy. She'll tell you a.U
a.bout it. It was all owing to her. She
waø at the bottom of it. "
The High Bailiff then havi'lg takel1 a
variety of keys, a
old snuff box and other
things o
1; of the prisoner's pockets, tied
!hem up lú a handken:hief. As soon as he
was dressed he handcufff'd him, and 1Z0t him
d0wnstairs. Several then being in the

ar-room he very prndentJ,ytook the prisoner
1I1to another room. Upon the passa
e to
Toronto the girl Marks vo!untariiy ma.de
the statement previously published. Both
parties, however, denied all knowledge of
N a.ncv.
Both McDermott and the woman Marks
were convicted of murder on their tda.l.

'he trial of McDermott took place on
FrIday,3 d November, 1843, '\Villiam Bume
B
ak-e for th.e Crown. John Dug
an for the
fl'1eoos of Kmnear and Kenneth McKenzie
for James McDermott. McDermott was
founrl guilty and executed 21st November
1843, '
McDermott W&8 han
ed in the old Berke-
le.y street jail. GraC'.e Marks was sent to
the penitentia.!y for life. Sbe was pardoned
a m,.. years
, and is now Jiving some-
where in tbe Unitpd Sta.tes., Strange to say
Mr. C
.reol was never reitnbursed by thp
a
,nues for ihe expense he incurred Î.D
bn
t"lDg these two murderers to justice.
ThIs rem
rk.' ble man died at his residence
No. 24 Clarence &laare,
tobpr 12, 1886,
a
d 83 ye&rs. Hiß r mains are buried in
St. Jame" ,Cem
tery Although the Cap,
reolsba.ve hved ,n Callada for just half..
century his is the onty death that has oc-
curred in the family durinp; that period.

NOTE-The locomotive" Toronto" befo!'e
referred to as being built a.t Good's' factory.
on Queen street ea8t, was on its complt!tion
taken 'hence to the railway track, h"
Queen and Y onga streets. A few ya.rds of
mo,,:"able ra.ils were- laid, and these, &8 the
e. gme
as moved over them, were taken up
and a
al,n re-laid. The progrmss made wa.s
astomshmgly slow, it taking fully a. week
to get the ireat engine from Queen to Front
8treøt.

HI

CHAP J ER XXXVIII,
THE BELLEVUE HOMESTEAD.

The Old Family Re/liden('e of the Denison"
SeVeD&Y ....ears A::o-Thfl ExecuUon of
(;arttaln Joshua UUfldy.
When Mr. Russell, Pr
sident of Upper
Calla.da ExecutÏ\'e Council, was about to
lea.ve England ;n an official capacity in com-
pany with Govt-rnor Simcoe to emiO'rate
to Canada in 1792 he persuaded hi: old
friend, C'ioptain John Denison. of Hedon
Yorkshire, to accpmpd.uy him. Captaj

Deniaon firs' settled at Kingi:lton, but
in 1796 he removed to York, and
for .. time, by permission of :Mr.
Russell, who was then administerin

rhe Government, he occupied
a.st,e Frank.
He then took up his re"idence with his f,lmily
ina cottage on the north side of Front street,
near B<LY, which was a.1,'o owned by Mr. Rus-
seH. This housl' was one of the !:arliest spf'ci-
mens in York of all English rustic cottage
with verandah a.nd slopmg
awn. Afterwø.rd
It was occupied for a t;mc by
lajor Hillier
of the 74th Re'{iment, aide-de-camp anrl
military secretary to Lieutenant-Governor
Sir P. regcine Maitland. III thE' Gazette anå
Oracle of 1803 Mr. Russell advertis' d this
property for sale describing it as the" fron,
toWll lot with an excellent dweIlinJ;{ hous
'
and kitchen recently built thereon in which
Mr. John Denison now hves ill th
town O

York, with a very commodious water lot
adjoining." On the site of this cotta
e was
afterwa.rd bUilt Dr. Baldwin's residence
which subsequently became a militny
hospita.l and then the head ü:ffice of the To-
ronto & Nipissing railroad. The next year
Mr. Russell insta. led his friend in the new-
y erecred homestead of Peter,;fidd, on the
nortlJ side of Queen street, naar the head of
Soho street, Col'mel Gel rj;{e Taylor Deni-
son, the son all.! b,il' of Captain John Deni-
son, in the year 1815 bought park lot 17
and part oÍ 18, adjoining (he property of
Mr. Russell, occupied by his fa.
h
r, and
built thereon the same yea!" B211evue.
fhe oricinal drive up to the homestf
ad is
now kuõwll as Delll!\-on avenue. The house
shown in the a.ccompauyinj;{ illustration was
a larg_' pleasa'lt abode jyin
far back from
Queen street but. vi'lible from it througb a
long vista of trees. l'rom this olli Bell
vue
have spread branches at Duvercourt,
RUii?holme bolld elsewhere, in most CJf which
an aDtitude for mIlitary affairs is marked.
Colonel Denison's grandson, G. T. Denison,
is the author of a work on .. )lo<lernCavalry,
itsOrgauization,Armament a.nd Eøaploymeut
in War," a book hi
h,y esteemed in stra.tegi

112

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

calliterature, a.nd .C A History of Cava.lry,' son'" son, erecied at his own cost, near ihe
which obtained the Czar's priz
. Col. F. old Bellevue homestead, the Church of St.
C, Del.ison, M.P., C.M.G., is another Stephen and tooK: steps to make it in perpetu-
grandson. The tarm was one of the hun- ity an ecc1eaia.stical benefice. Mrs. DenulOn
dred acre park lots and hali of the
f':xt. Its the widow o
Captain John Denison surviy.
boundary on tho west was what is now ed him many years., and for 8t long time liY'ed
Ba.thurst 8treei. The first owner of the pro. in a bouse shaded with willow trees a.nd
perty was Major Littlehalos, aide-de,camp surrounded by a flower garden and lawn on
and first secretary to Governor S mcoo, the park 10' originally owned by Da.vid
whom ihe Duke de l..ioncouií descrffies as Burns,
he first lot westward from t.hat
.. a. well bred, mlld and amiable ml\n who of Colonel Givins, whose house now IIta.ndJs
has the charge of the whole correspondenc
at the hea.d of GiY'llls street. This
ot Goyernment and acquits himself with house was a.fterwarùs occupied by
peculiar ability and application." Major Mrs. D, nison's ::;on-in-Iaw, .Mr. John
Littì.ehales afterwards attained the rank of Fennings Tø.ylor, who was for many
Li
utenant-Co!onel and in 1802 was years Chief Clerk ø.nd Mastel' III Cha.ncery,
created a baronet. In 1801 h.. was appoint- fin.t to the legislat:ve council of United Can-
ed Under Secretary for Ireland, a post ada and then to the Senate of the Dominion.
which he held for nineteen years. On I It was at Colonel Denison's hOUMe, BelleY'Ue,

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EI:LLEVUE DE
ISON HOUSE,

Governor Simcoe's recall, Major Littlehales
returned
o England, and his park lot be-
c m. the possession of Peter Russell. In
accordance with an early Canltodian practice
Ca.ptain John Denison selected a picturesque
spot on the Humber, where he purchased a
tract of oyer 1,000 acrps and set
a few acres apart as a family burial place,
entailing at the same time the sur
rounding estate. In 1853, although entaiLs
had been annulled by act of parlia.ment,
his heir, Colonel G. T, Denison, first con-
nected the land &lld buria.l plot with his
family and descenda.nts for all time by con-
verting it in
o an endowment for all ecclesi-
a.stical Ii ving to be &1 ways in
e gift of the
legal representativeofhi:mame. This
kuown
&:ò St. John'::.. Cemetery on the Humb. r. In
1857 Robert .Britton Denieon, Colonel Deni-

that Captain Richard Lippincott died, a.
soldier whose life was marked by a bold
deed. Cap
a.in Lippincott was the father-
in-law of Col. George TaylOi Denison whosc
e:dest son was nø.med after him Richard
Lippincott Denison, On the 12th of April,
1782, Captain Lippincott who wa.s 1\ native
oÏ New Jer::;eybur; then living in New'York,
acting under the orders of the "Board of
Associated L"yalistø of New York,"
(;xecuted by han
ng near Middleton,
J oahua Ruddy, an officer in the
American army, Huddy having pui;
to death in like manner, Philip White, ..
relative of Captain Lippincott, who ha.d
been captured within the American linea
while p"ying his mother a. siolen vil!lit on
Chd",tmas day. A paper was fastened on
Huddy's breast. cuntainin2 this inscriptionl

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

113

.. We, the refugees, havinf{ long with grief edifice. for hott'l purposes, at the north-
behnld the cruel murders of our brethren, west Cí>rner of Y onge and Queen streeta,
and finding nothing but !iuch mea
ures car- opposite Good's foundry, on property
rying into execution therefore determined ?wneò by him. The h()tel
at fÌr!'t nam""
Dot to Buffer without taking vengeance Jor the Sun Tavern, WBoil originally occupied
the numerous cruelties and thus by Charles Thomplon, then by landlord
bpgin, havin
m:tde use of Ca.ptain ""'ilaoD. About 18
0 Thomas Elliot.t,
:Huddy as the fi.t"st object to pri'sent to your brotner-in-Iaw of John Mcln,nsh, MI-
view and further detarmine to l:ang man sumed the management of the h<1tel, which
for man while there is a refugee exiat. became well known 8.8 Elliott's Su:1 Tavern.
ing, Up goes Huddy for Philip White." Mr. Mcintosh bein
the brother-in-law
The surrender of Capta.in Lippincott WIIS of Willh,m Lyon Mackf'nzie. naturally
refused by the Loyalist au
horities. Wash- enough this inn became the headqu
rten
ington then ordered the execution of an of the leaders of the Radical party, and
officer of equal Tank to be selected by here were held the meetin
s and here
lot from the prisoners in his hands, were pa.øsed the resoIu
ioul! which event-
The lot fell on Captain Ch&l'les Asgill, ually led to the rebellion. Although the
of the Guards, a youth of nineteen. hotel did a very thriving business under
He was respited until the issue of a court EiIiott, it was not ranked with J'Jrdan's
martial h
id on Captain Vppincott was York Hotel or the MansIon House as one
m1.de known. The court aCQultt
d Lippin- of the fasbionablf' ho.ø.elrics, but drew
coU, but in the mcantim' L&dy As
ill, the iti custom larKely from the rural popula-
captain'. mother, had appealed to the Kin(! tion. The open land to the north of Elliott'a
and Queen of France, and the Count de was the place generally occupied by the
Ver
nnis, Minister of S-ate, was dit'ected travellinu menageries and circuses whe.
to ask Washington for Ca.ptain Asgill's life such exhibitions began to visit the town.
in the joint names of the King and Queen On December 12, 1831, Willhm LYOD
of France as a tribute to huma.nity, Macken
;e, then a memb:
r of the Assem-
Wubington granted the request. but it was bly, was declared guilty of 110 brea.ch of
not until the next year when the Wd.r was the privile
es of the House, he b'ing ae-
ended that AsgiU and Lipp!ncott were cused of libel upon the Lieutenant ,Governor,
Bet free, Captain Asgill succeeded and was expelled by a vote of twenty-four
to his father'ø baronetcy. Ur. Scaddin
to fifteen. Thole votinc for the expuhioD
relates that Col. O'Hara, of Toronto, reo were Attorney-General Bt'rczyand Messrs.
membered d;ninR at a table where Gen. Sir Boulton, Brown, BurweU, Elliott, Fraser,
Charles AsgilJ was pointed out to him as a A. Fraser, R. Inl!'e, rsol1 Jones, LewiB,
man who had been condemned by Washing- McMartin, McNab, Macon, M .rris, Mount,
ton to be hung, a.nd who lived for a year Robinson, Samson, Shade, Vankoughnet,
under sentence of death, Captain Llppin- Warren, Werden and So1icitor-G",ne '&1
cott received a grant of three thousa.nd acres Thomsún. Against the expulsion were
of land near Richmond Hill, a few milea Messrs. Bi'ardsley, Bidwell, Bue!', Camp
.ou
h of the tract of five thou
a.nd acres bell, Clark, Cook, Duncomb, Howard.
which the CI'own granted to Benedict Ar- Ketchum, Lyons, McCan, Perry, RmdaJ.
nold. Ca.ptain Lippincott died in 1826, Roblin and Shaver. Four members, Messrs.

ed 81 years, havin
received half-pay Wilson, Cook, Chisholm and Jarvis were
from the En(!lish Government for the period absent, but it was ø:ated that the,. would.
of 34 J'ear.. if pre8ent, have voted to expel Mr. Mac-
kenzie. On the day of the expuhdon a
CHAPTER XXXIX. delegation of petitioners, to the number
THE SUN TAVERN. of 930, waited on the Lieutemnt-Gover-
Tbe Rotel Where tbe Firat Step in the Boad nor, prayine: him to dismisa a hODse
Co InsnrrectioD Was Taken by tbe lIae- tainted with judicial parti\lity. Public
kenzle Reforlllera. indignation was aroused to a 't1'eat df'-
Among the earlT residents of York were gree, nor was it soothed when tbe peti-
three brotJ:en whose names are linked w'th tioners having been receivf'd in the audience
the history of the lake marine. In 1835 chamhe!' and the petition preeentE'd, tbey
f'ach of the brothers commanded a ves. were dismissed with the curt reply:
ael. John McInt08h was captain or the cc Gentlemen, I have received the pe
itJ.on
Three Brothers, Charles Mdn
osh com. of the inhabitants... Years were still to
mauded th. Superior, and Robert sailed elapse before the Radica.ls app'aled to
the Eunice. John acquired considerable torce, but even at tbis time the pt"E'C&U-
real estate in the town, and about 1825 tione taken betrayed the feat'a of the
Wall built a la.rge fquare white fra.me I Government. MI\ Mackenzie, in his cleecrip.
8

114

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

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LAKDMARKS OF TORONTO.

115

tion of this event, says: "The Govern-
ment House was p 0 ected with cannon,
loaded. sernd and ready to be fired on
the people." The regiment in garrison.
was supplied with a double allowance
of ball cartrid
f'!;" and a t
legraph placed
on the vicereyal røsidence to command
the services of the wld;ers, if neceS8srv.
Mr. Mackenzie r<'f'trained his followers who
adYised violent measures. lust, ad ot being
his day of humiliation, as his enemies intend-
ed, this was rpi"ll v his day of triumph
His expulsIOn WOll for him the sympJ.thies
of the people, who, after the return of
the petit10licrs from Govel nmpnt House,
procpeded to Mr. Mackenzie's house in
largE numbers and carried him through
the ßtreets with &Cc'amations, and finally
escorted him to the Sun hotel, fl'om
one of the windows of which he ad-
dre'Jsed the people. af:er which cheers
were given for the S'\ilor King, Earl
Grey and the Reform Ministry. Charles
Lind::!e.y, Mr. Mackenzie's biographer, says
that after the RefoIin lE'a.der had rtl-
tired the meeting was re-organized and
resolutions were passed sustaining the
course he had tak-en as a politician and
journalist, comp
aining of the reply of
the Lieutenant-Governo:' to the peti-
tioner8 as unsatisfactory and insu'ting,
asst'rting the propriety of petitioning the
S')verei
n to seud to the province in
future civil instead of military gover-
no:-s, Rnd pledging the meeting as a
mark of their approbation of his conduc

to present Mr. Mackenzie with a. gold
medal, accompanied by an appropriate
inscription and addre:!s. This meeting
\tas followed bv Mr. Mackenzie's re-
election by an -overwhelming majority,
the presentation of the medal by his
admirers at the Red Lion hotel and
another popular ovation. It WáS at the
Sun hotel that the famous "Decìaration
of the Independence of Upper Canada."
was taken for the approval of a com-
mittee previously appomted, consisting
of Messrs. James Harvey Prici', O'Bierne,
John Edward Tims, John Doel, John
Mcintosh, James ArmstI'ong, T. J. O'Neill
and Mr. Mackenzie. This document was
adopted at Doers brewelY July 31, 1837.
This declar-atl"n was the first step in the
roa.l to insurrec ion. It
ommitted all who
accepted it t'J share the fortunes of Lower
Canada. The machinery of agitation
and organiz-ttion Wa.s put in motion. Vigi-
iance committees were appointed by the
Refo mers which hecame shortly after-
wa.rd the nuclei of milital'y organization!!
Shooting matches with turkeys for the
YÍct.Å.uul were got up; drillin
was prac-

ticecl with more or le3s secrecy; feu
cl
joie on Y onge atref't with. a hundred
rifles in honour of Papineau would occa-
sionally startle the town, and events
were hasteniJJ
toward tb.e end. At the
outbreak of the rebellion Elliott was
still in cha.rge of the Sün. On his death
he willed the property which he ha.d
bought from Mr. McIntosh to his h<<Ús,
under such provisIOn!'!, howf',"pr, that a
sp
cial act of parIiamt'nt was made neces-
sarv to allow his wife and children to
trailsfer it. Mrs. Elliott is still living
a
a good old age at Highland Falls
After Mr. Elll"tt's death Landlord
Daniels, the father of Judge Daniels, of
L"Orignal, took the inn. The name was
changed to the Fa.lcon, and at a late
date was occupied by a mall named
Fulljames, who subsequently managed the
Cmven Hpifer. It was on the oppogite
side of the street that Sheldon Ward
lost his life by a scaffold on a building in
process of erection giving way wit.h him

CHAPTER XL.
THEOLDBLUESCHOOLATYOR

Th.. (till'rlel Grammaf' !licbool nnd If!! Fam-
011110 Dead-Dr. .Iobn I'otrRf"ban'8EdoeatioRal
'Iethuds,-M.aøters and their Pupils.
As the name of the Rev Dr. Eliphalett
Nott is indissolui.lv linked with the t:ducc1.-
tion of youth in - New York State, so the
name of the Rev, Dr. JoÌm Strachan is in-
sepa.lable from the early history o
educa.
tion in Upper Canada. Both men were
alike pastor and master. Do, Strachan
mitrht aptly be calle:! the little
school-master, for from hip boyh03d he
was successfully engaged ill the profession
of teacher. At the age ot 16 he was in
charge of a school at Ca.rmyllie. Scotland,
having uhåer him the grown-up sons of the
farmers of the neighbourhood, and it speaks
plainly for his tact aDd firmness that even
at that ea.rly age he was <tble to keep them
under control. While teachin
here he still
found tIme to keep up with his stu:lies, and
during the winter attended lectures at
King's College, Aberdeen. T\\'
year9 after-
ward he went to Demno, where
he had obtained a. better appoint-
ment, H ' remained there for two
yearp, still ke
ping up his academical
studies. \Vhile at Denino he wall la"gely
indebted, as he himself has stated, to the
instruction of the Rev. Dr. Bruwn. after-
wards professor at Glasgow, &nd Thoma.
Duncan, afterwards prcfe"sor at St. An-
drew',;. Theu ior t\\O ye;l,rs more up to
1799. he had charge of the parish scqool at
Kettle. Here he had 82 pupils, among them

116

LAND1IARKS OF TORONTO.

b
ing Thomas Campbell, the poet, D. Wilkie,
t.he a.rtist, and J Barclay, the naval com-
mauder. In 1799, a poor young man
in purse. but rich in a well-trained
mind ht: came to Upper Canada and took a
tutorship in a Kingston family. In 1807,
mainly throogh his exertions, an act was
passed estab'ishing a gramm3.rsehoolin each
district of the province, and very soon thr\.e
superior Ich Jors were Itarted at Cornwall,
Kinglton and Nia
aral,. and later at York
and other districts of Upper Cl\n:lda. l'hese
Rcbool. were for pupib of bo
h sexes. Dr.
Strachan's Cornwall
chool is famous and
on its books were the names of very many
celebrated in the annalll of Upper Canada.
So lu"ceasful was his work here, and so
weli W&8 he beloTed that in 1833, fll, ty-
two of his :ormer scholars present
d him
with an addresl in whioh they lay:-
IC Our young minds received there an im-
preasion which has scarcely becom1 fainter
from time of the deep and sincere interest
which you took not only in our ad"ance-
ment in learning and scienc(', but in all tha.t
conoerned our happinesB or could affect our
future prospech! in life." Amon
the sign-
ers to this address are the names :-Robin-
Ion Macaulay, McDo:lell, McL
an. Jones,
Stanton, Bethune, Jarviø, Chewitt. Boulton,
Vankoughnet, Smith and Anderson. Part
of the leply of D:-. Strachan to his former
pupils' address gives an in-ight into his
method of teaching. He says: "It has
ever been my conviction that our scholars
Ihould be conilidered for the time our chil-
dren ; and that as parenti we IIhould study
their peculiar dispositians if we really wish
to improve them, for if we feel not some-
thing of the tender relatioll of parents
toward them, we cannot expect to be suc-
eeseful in their eduoation. It was on
this principle I attempted to proceed. "
While Dr. 8tracha.n wal in thp. height of his
I'uccel
as a teacher at :the Cornw..ll school
-the fame of which had spread not only
through Upper Canada but allo through the
lower provinces-LIeutenant-Governor Gore
in 1812 offered him the parish of York. The
clerical income was small and there was no
parson:'ge. but the G.JVernor added the
chap'aincy of the troops at f:150 a year, a.nd
cP.8 a still further inducement held out the
pt'omise Gf establilhing a school. Dr.
Strachan accepted the offer, and on August
2'Id, 1812, the first Sunday after his
an ivai. he preached a sermon on
the War before the Legislature in
the parish church. It was not Ion'! b!fore
a district grammar school wa:; eltablished
at York after the model of the one At Corn-
wall. For a time before the erec':ion of the
new building, an ob.,cure frame bailding of

t he most ordinary kind on the north i1ide of
King street, jmt east of Y onQ'e street, was
occupied as the school house. Soon afterwarci
a larg
fi
ld almost square, containin
lix
acres, fi:led with hu
e pi.le stumps and small
ponds of water in which cray fish were abun-
dant, was set apart. Through the middle of
this field from north to
outh
ran a. shaliow
swale where water collected after raim. The
whole field was covered with the natural
herb Ige that usually grows upon clearings.
This block was designated College square,
the block south of it beinp; termed Church
square and the reservation to the Wf>lIt of
thRt Court House I5q uare. In the minds of
those who laid out these plots the expecta-
tion wa'3 that they sh
uld remain orna-
lOental pieces oÏ groundl or small parkl
i!urroundin
the buildings and 'he in-
stitutionll for whioh they were let; apart;.
The College Square was bounded oñ tee
south by Adelaide street, on the north b f
Richmond street, on the eaat by Jarvis
sõ:reet, and on the west by Church street,
These are the modern names, Church Itreet
being the onlf one of the four that has re-
tained its ori,ginal nomencl...ture j Adelaide
was formerly N ewgll.te street, because the
jail stood near it, Richmond was Hospital
IItreet and Jarvis was Nelson and then New
street. The new District Gram:nar ::School
building stood at the lIoutll-west corner of
this lot, 114 feet from its western and 104
feet from its southern boundary. The rest
of the block was the playgrounå of the sch301.
The buildin
W&8 a good sÍJ:ed flame struc-
ture. fifty-five feet long and forty feet wide,
of two stories, each of a respectable altitude.
The gables faced east and welt. 0'1 each
side of the school were two rows of ordinary
sash windows, five on the ground floor and
th
same number 0:1 the floor above. At
the east end were {our windows two
above and two below. At the west
end were fi ve windows a.nd the
entrance door. The who
e exterior of
the buJding was painted of a bhleish hue.
\\ i'thin on the first floor, beyond the lobby,
was a large square apa.rtment. About three
yards from each of its angles a plain tim
er
Dost helped to sustain the ceilinr. At about
four feet from the floor each of these quasi
pillars began to be chamfered oft' at it!:! four
ang:es. Filling up the southeast corner of
the room was a small platform approached
on three sides by a couple of steps.
On thil was a desk about eight feet
long, its lower part cased oVer in front
with thin deal Loard'3. On the floor
along the wh')le 1 'ngth of the sûuthern
and northern siåes of the chamber were nar-
row de
ks set close a gain8t the wall with
benohel arranged at their outer side. At

LAND\lARKS OF TORONTO

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118

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

right angleR to these running out on each w!.'re :-.John Skeldon, George Skelùon,
side into the apartment stood a Eeries of Henry Mosley, John Doylf'. Charl
s How-
shorter desks with double slopès and ard, Jamt"s .My
rs, Juhn Ridout, Cha.rles
benches placed on either side. Through the Ridout, John Fitzgera d, John Mosley, Salt-
whole length oi the room írom e&l:!t to west ern Givens, J.:!.mes She
hall, Henry Hp,\yard,
between the rows of cross benches Allan l\IcD;->nelf, \ViIham Allan, John Boul-
thel e was a. wide vacant space. The ton, William Myers, James Bigelow, Wil-
walls a.nd ceilings and desks and seats I_i<!.
Baldwin. St. George Baldwin, M, df'
were all of unpainted pine ot a yellowish Koven, .John Knott, James Givins, Horace
hue. During school hours this room pre- Ridout, \Villiam Lancaster, James ,\leGill
sented the lisual aspect of a school interior. Strachan. David .McNab, John Harrawav.
The Iuler of this place was Dr. John Bohert Baldwin, H -ury Nelles, Warren
Strachan. The Rev. Dr. Bethune, after- Shd.w, Da.vid Shaw, Daniel 1\1urray. This
ward Bi3hop Strachan's successor in the is the order of examination of the Home
Episcupate, came to York it} 1819 a.s assist- District Grammar school for \V ednesday,
ant teacher in the Grammar Schoo!. Of his August 11, 1819: First day-The Latin and
first visit to the schc.ol, after d<.:scribilJg it Greek cIa.ses. Euc:id and trignnometry.
as a capacIOus wooden building standin!{ on Second day-Prologue by Robert Baldwin.
an open common, a. little in the rear of St. : Reading class.-George Strachan, "The Ex-
James' churchyard, he says: - .0 On cellence of the Bible;" Thomas Ridout,
entering it for the first time with "The .Man of R05s ;" James
IcDonell,
the reverend principal on a. bright Septem- "Liberty and Slavery;" St. G
orge Bald-
bel' mornin
fresh schoolboy f,.e;ings were win, "The Sword;" \Villiam McMurray,
wakened up at the sight of forty or fifty "Soliloquy 011 S epp." Arithmetic class-
happy young faces, from seventeen down to James Smith, "The Sporting Clergyman;"
five yea1"S of age. There was a class of only William Boulton, Jr., "The Poet's
two in Greek, who took up Horace and Livy New Year Gift;" Richard Oa.tes,
in Latin, and there were three Latill forms "Ode to Apolln ;" Orville Cassall,
below them, the most numerous and " The Rose." Bonkkeeping Class, William
spl'ightly readin2 Cornelius Nepos. Myers," ,My
iother;" FranC'is Heward,
None were much advanced ill mathe- "My Fa.ther;" Geo:'ge Dawson. "Lapland."
md.tics, and, with the exc{;ption First Grammar Class, Second Grammar
of the senior two had not passed the Class-'o Deb lte on the Slave Trade." For
tourth bcok of Euclid. Evprything was the abolition-Fmnci-s Ridout, John Fitz-
taught on the same p:an as at Cornwall, but 2erald, \ViIliam Alllln, George Boulton,
at York the pupils were much less aòvanced Henry Heward, \VilIiam Baldwin, John
and the head mastu rarely took any share Ridout, John Doyle, James Strachan.
in the actual work oi instruction. I had Against the abolition-Abraham Nelles,
had the opportunity of seeing both schools, Jame3 ßaby, James D"y:e, CharIts Heward,
and thou!:{h the glory of the former was Allan l\IcDanell, James Myers, Charles
never approached by the la.tter, still there Ridout, William Boulton, \Valker
mith.
are remilliscences connected with the school First Geography Class, Second Geography
at York more fresh and live:y than could be Class--Jamls Dawson, "The BoY' that
awakened by the more celebrated one at ToM LieE;" James Bigelow, " The
Cornwall." On public days when ex- Vagrant;" Thomas Glassco, "The Parish
aminations were b
ing conducted or dp- \Vorkhouse;" Edward Glennon, "The
bates were going on, the
xercises were Apothecary." Natural Hi
t.)ry Class-De-
liPid up-stairs in a long ronm with a par- b lte by the young boys-" Sir \ViIJiam
tially vaulted cf'i1ing on the south side of Strickla.nd," Charles Heward: .0 Lord Mol"
the buildil1!:{. At the east end was 1:10 plat- peth," John Owens; " Lord Harvey," .John
form. Everybody in tOWn used to attend Ridout;" Mr. Plomer," Raymond Baby;
on these occasi ns, from the Lieutenant- o. Sir \Villiam Yonge," John ,Fitzgerald;
Governor down, especially the parents oÎ "ciil' William ,"Vindham," John Buulton;
the scholars. Dr. Scadding, who attended "
r. Henry Pelham," Henry Heward;
this school, has preserveù many facts in "M.. B
rnol.rd," George Stracban; ":Mr.
r
gard to it from which much of the infor- Noel," '''illiam Bd.'dwin; ":Mr. Shippen,"
mation in this article is derived. At the James B'lby; "Sir Robert \Vd.lpole," James
examination on August 7, 1816, John Claus My{'rs;" Mr. Pu1teney," Charlelt .Baby.
spoke the prologue in which he atdyises Civil HÏ3tory Class-William Boulton,
Governor Gore, then at the head of affairs, to "The Patriot;" Francis Ridout, 0 Th .
distinguish himself by attention to the Graye of
ir John Moore;" Saltern Giv I .
educational interests of the country. The .. Great BrÏt'lin;" John Boulton, "EuIo' '1
othel' boys who took part in the exercists on Mr Pitt;" Warren Claus, " The Indi1l.u

I-,A
D
I.ARKS OF TORONTO.

118

Watri0r j" Charles Heward, .. The Soldier's
Dr
'am j" \Vilìiam Boult0n, " The H, roes
of \Vaterloo." Catechism-Debate on the
College of Caleu ta. Speakers,"
lr. Can-
ning," RolJert Baldwin; ., Sir Francis
BarillO'," ':;ohn D,Jy'e j .. Mr. Wainwright,"
Mark oBurnham; ")h. Thornton." John
Knott j ., 8,r\V. Scott," William Boulton;
.. Lord Eldon," Warren Claus; "Sir S.
Lr.wrence," A'lan )Iacaulav ; " Lord
Hawkesbury," Abraham Nelles; "LorJ. Bath-
urst,"Jam
s McGill Strachan; "Sir Thomas
Mdcalf," \Valker Smith; "Lo:'d Teign
mouth," HOfRce Ridout, Religiou!OQuestions
and .Lectures, J a.mes :MeGill Strachan,"
Anniversary of the York and ,Montre...l Col-
lege" anticipated for January 1st, 1822;
Epilogue by Horace Ridout. As to the
names which appear in' he above programmes
it j.; unnectssa.ry to say anything. TIl(:y are
all familiar nd.mes in Toronto to-day. The
reader will see at once that in the above
exercises there is a great deal of ncitation
and declamation to a little examination.
In the prologue pronounced by Robert Ba.ld-
win (in vel's,) the admini
tratilm of Hast-
ings in India is eulogized, Sir W,lliam Jones
is - apostrophized i
conneC, ion ",itll his
Asiastic reseaIChf-s, the Marquis of \Vell s.
ley and the college founded by him a t Cal-
cutta suggests the necessity of a similar in-
stitution in Canada, and Sir Peregrine Mait.
land, who was probably pre
ent, is told that
he could immortalize luml!elf by esta.hlishing
such an institution. The epilogue is a do
-
gel'el on United States innovations
in the En2:lish language, For the great-
er part the examina5ions were conducted
01811y. Parliamentary debates were of
frequent occurrence. On ordinary occa.sions
theae took place in the main Echr.ol room,
but on public days theY-'l'rE're held up stain.
These debates consisted of th 'drlivery of
speeches somewhat abridgf'd which had
been m!lode in the Ht)usf> of Commons. The
obJecú aimed at in Dr. Strachan's system of
e
ucation was a speedy and real pn para-
tlOn for actualliíe. He himself knew from
experience how ectr;y a youth may entf>r
upon the serious work 0: life, and he sum-
med up his object in th{' followinO' sentence
spoken to his pupih: Co Th. time oa.llow<:d in
a new country like this is scarcely sufficient
to sow the IIlOSt neces
aJ y >eed, very great
progre
s is not therefore to b
'xpected; if
the principles aKe properly engralted we
have d<Jn,' well." He was coutu.ually im-
pressing upon his Echoiars the fact that the
learning a.<:quired at Rchool wa.s only the
founda.tion and that they themselves must
lay the superstructure. l'her", Wéi.S a system
of mutual questioning in clil.",es which
stimulated thought and research. In the

higher classes every boy Was requir
d
to furnish a set uf questions for
his classmòtes on the understanding
that he should give the correct reply in
case the answerer failed. Thea there W8rö
rhetOrical COli.tests for which one boy chal-
'e'1ged another. Dr. Strachan was a strict
< I ciplinarian and well he needed to be, for
111::1 scholars were continuallv thrown in con-
tact with Indians, half. breeds and bad f'p ci-
mens of Frf'nch adventurers. ,(I'logging was
i'are and only resorted to in cases of obf'ti.
nacy, "an tun cruelty or some word or act of
immorality. For lesser offences the pun ah-
ments were varied and frtquently suggested
themselves, for in evervthmg Dr. Strachan
had freed himself from routine and
he wished his scholars to do the
same. He might 5entf'r.ce a boy
to stand against a post with his pockets
turn
d insi:le out, 01" he might make him
kneel for a few minutes or stalid with out-
stretchefl ':I.rm holdin2: a book. An apple or
marble brought out durinv school hours
"ou d likely rema in the exhibition of the
contents oi the pockets. A boy once giving
an audible twang on a jewshal p during work
hours was compelled to stand up on a. de
k
and 'plaV an air for the enter
inment of the
school. Of sports during play hours there
were not 150 lIlany as now Mr, Clarke (
am-
ble C:ltVR that cricktlt was wholly unknown,
and that ball was the most popular ga.me,
both among the boys anù girls, the former
playin!! with a ball as hard as i
was possi-
ble to make it, and the latter wLh a soft
ball. In the winter of course snowballing
was in high favour. Once a year, befor;e the
midsummer vacation, a feast was a.llowed in
the school room, to which all contri.
buted. Ur. Scadding humoromly remarks
that it was sometimes rather a riotous affair.
The Di
trict Urammar School received its
appellation "The Blue School" from the
fact that it was painted blue. This was not
done until 1818, for in that veal' Dr. Strachan
advutised a comse of poõular lectures on
lli\tural philosophy at twõ guineas thp course.
the proce,'ds to be laid out in painting the
District School. Apropo!'l of this, uourlay
in his" Sketches of Upper Canada" I emarks:
., Schools and collegef, where are they!
Few yet painteò, though lectuns on natural
nhilosophy are noW abunlla nt ." l\[., Q'ITTln.1
Armour, a graduate trom Gla.sgow U
lÍver-
eity, was first appointed as as!!lstant
8Jld then succeeded Dr. Strachan as
master of the Grammar School. He
was an ardent SpOi tsman and wlwn
flocks of wihl pigeons flew 0\ er · he
town and e:uns were poppi!lg and bang

iug on tvery >ide he could sCØ,rcely restralIl
him-eìf sufiicien::.ly to attenù to his cla'bel!.

120

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

Afterward .Mr. Armour became a cleriY-
man of
he Church oÏ Elldand and officiated
for many years in Cavan township. Mr.
A:mour was succeeded by the Rev. Dc
Thomas Phillip
, formeriy of \Vhitchurch,
Herefordshire, where he had been master of
a school. He was a Cambridge man,
havin" graduated in 1805, He was

he ideal of the good, venerable English
country parson of the old type. He wore
the old-fashioned clt:rical costume, shovel
hat included, and powderEd his hair, except
when in mourning. Dr. Phiìlips was a fine
scholar accordin
to the standard vf the
time. He iatroduced into the District
Grammar school the text búoks in use at
Eton at the time, much to the dis-
gust of the boys, and school boys
iD Greek and La.tin to-day will ap-
vreciate the dIfficulties that stood in the
way of tht>ir grandfathers ?; hen they learn
'has the Greek Grammar was in its un-
translatld state. All the notes anå elucida-
tions to Glæca, Minora a.nd Homer were
in Latin, and into that language the boys
translated the Greek. Lexicons and voca.-
bularies were translated not into En
dÍt;,h
bm into Latin. Dr. Philiips was at the
head of the Grammar School in 1825, and at
tha.I. time was one of the last wearers of
powdered ha.ir in York. He was old-
fashioned eVen for those timLs in every
.ense. In readinil the creed he always con-
iormed to the old En
lish custom of turning
towarès the east. Dr. Phillips died
in 1849, &
ed 68 yea.rs, at Wei-
ion, on the HumLer, where he
founded and organized the parish of St.
Philip. His body was borne to the tomb
by his old pupils. Dr. Phillips was ap-
pointed vice. principa.l of Upper Canada
College whpn it was opened in 1830 George
Anthony Barber accompanied Dr. Philiip"
to York in 1825 as his principal a8sbtant,
and continued with him in that capacity.
Although cricket was not played in Ga.n'J.da
in 1825. yet nearly 11&.t a cell! ury la.ter when
1;he
ame had become a social
inditution Mr. Ba.rber, who had givtn
enthusia::tic encourd.l'ement t.<> it, wa.s
recognized as the greatest loca.l authority on
the suPjt;ct, During the time of Dr.
Phillips a. SOl t of sheà or lean-to was put up
over the western end of the school house.
Durin
n:cess in we
weatÌllr the boys
played here, and they were directed to call
this their gymnasium. This is the first
time the word was ever applied in York.
\'\'ith the estaÌJlishment of Upper Canada
CQl1ege the Gråmmar School begi\ll to de
cline. flae Luilding was moved from its
OJ ì'I.ÌLJa.l posItion to the south-east cor-
ner oÎ Jal vis and Stanley streets, the

la.tter, formerly Ma..ch, now Lombard street,
and Was degraded into a junk fhop. More
than a dozen years ago it was pulled down
to ma.ke way for solid bl ick walls. The
six acres of pl&y-
round are built up and no
trace remains of the old Blue School.

CHAPTER XLL
A SKETCH OF RUSSELL ABBEY.

The Heme or tbe P.re8ldenl or IJ'pper '-:anada
-Tbe A.dmtntatratton or Peter Rnasell-
8nbseqnenl Oe
npants or the A.bbey.
Peter Russe!! was one of the founders of
York, &nd from the time of the establish-
ment of the Province of Upper Canada was
one of the leadin
members of the new Gov-
erumt:nt, having come over with Governor
Simcoe from England in an "fficÜ..I ca.pa.city.
On Governor Simcoe's adoption of York a.s
his capital .Mr. Russell came over from
Nia.gara, and built a house near the bay
shore, and the foot of what is now Princess,
but formerly was Pcinces street, the ori
ina.l
name having been cOIJferred upon it in hon-
ourof the children ofGeor
etheThird, In 1796
Governor Simcoe was ordered to the \Vest
Indies. He met his parlia.meÐt at Niagara.
May 16th, and prorogued it June 3rd. On
his departure in the autumn of that year a
provisional Government WB.8 estaLlit!hed,
with Peter Ru:;sell at its head, under the
title oÎ President or Administra,<>r, Early
in Jauuary oÏ the next year Presidlnt
Russ..ll'e York house was destroyed by fire,
and shortiy afterward he built the residence
which became generally known as Russell
Abbry. Like Governor Simcoe, Pre"ident
Russell :spent part of his time at Nia
ar&,
his depanureø and returns being announced
by sal&tes of artillery. According to the
York stal'dald of houses at tha.t time, Mr.
Rm:sell's residence was a rather pretentiúus
edifice. It wa.s trame of one storey, but ex-
hibited consider... ble a.rchitl ctural taste and
e:egance. To a central building were at-
tached wings with gables to the south.
Over each of the windows was a pediment
or decoration. In front of the house was a
low stone wall with a. light. wooden palin"
at the top, surrounding a. lawn shaded by
tall locust trees. The house stood at the
Mouth-west corner of Princess and Front
streets. The design of the building sug-
gested an ecclesiastical style of 801 chitecture
from which the name Abb. y may have
sprung. It was &lso spoken of as the
Palace, but whether it wa.s bO called from
being the residence of the man who for
three years a.dministered the Government.

LA
D:MARKq OF TORONTO.

12 1

or whether because it was the principal
house on tbe street, which was +-hen P"lace
street, is not clear. :'th. Ru,sell was a de-
se ndant of the Bedkrd Rus>:eils. The Irish
family to which he belOl,ged was a trans-
planted bra.nch of the Aston-Abbott's sub-
diyisionof the :amiiy. and a marriage connec-
tion had long existed between this brauch ot
the grea.t Euglish family oÏ Russells and the
Baldwins of the County of Cork. .Kussell
Hill near Toroh to, is named from Russell
hill in Ireland which in turn is naml d from
the Iri
h Russell family. During the Revo-
lutionary war, President Peter Russe
l had
been Secretary to Sir Henry C. inton, Com-
ma.nder-in-Chief of the British forces in
America. from 1778 to 1782.
His portrø.it, prelÒerved in the Bj,l
win
famiiy, shows a portly gentl(man wlth a
face full of character not unlike that of
Thomas Jefferson. At a very ea.rly period
Mr. .Russell beca.me convinced t h<\t 'Y ork
was no ephemeral
ettlement, but a hamlet
destined to become a great city. Impressed
with this belief he strove to lay the founda-
tion of a
eat landed estate and his a.t-
tempt::! in this direction b, oug"'
d.own upon
him much censure and much Il(hcul,). A,..
President he had peculiar fa.cilities for the
selection at;d acquisition of Crown lands.
The duality necessary in the wordin
ot
pa.tents by the Admini,trator to JUffiself
made him a. veritable Pooh Bah, and the
peop;e spoke d him as "the man who
would do well unto himse:f," and this ap-
pellation wal!! not without good reason as the
following list of properties adyert!l!!ed by
Mr. Russell in the Gazette of 1803 to be
o:d,
gives ample evidence. The advertisement
reaãs :
.. To be sold, the front town lot, with an
nrcellent dwelling house and a. kitchen re-
cently built thereon, in which Mr. J(jhn
Denison now lives, in the town of York,
with a very commodiou:i water lot adjoin-
Ì11g, and possession given to the purchase r
immediately; th!:! lots No!. 5, 6 and 7 in the
second, and lots 6 and 7 in the third con-
cesjon of 'Vest FlamLOlo' township, con-
tainin
1,000 acres, on wh;ch there are some
very good mill seat!>; the lots 4 and 5, in
first concession ûf East Flamboro', with
their broken fronts, containing accordi, g to
the pate
t eoo acres more or less; the lots
I, 3 aed'l in the seco d. and 'ots 2 and 3 in
the third concess
on oÏ Bev
t ley, containing
1,000 acres; the Jot 16 in the s cond and
third concession of the towuship of YOlk,
containing 400 acres; the lots 32 and 33
with their brükell trouts, in thð first, and
lots 31 and 32 in
he second. concession of
Whitby, cLntainin
800 acres j the lot
22
and 24 in the e:eventh, lot 23 in the

twelftÌ1, and 24 in the thirteenth and
fourteenth concessions of TowllIsend, con.
ta.ining 1,000 acres; lots 12, 13 and ]4 in
the first and second concessions of Char-
lottevilìe, ;mmediate'y behind the town
plot containing 1,200 acres; the lots 16 and
17 in the first concession of Delaware town-
ship on the river Thame3, containing 800
,\cres; the lots I, 3, 4, "5 anù 7 in the tenth j
I, 2, 4, 6 and 7 in the eleventh; 3, 4, 5 and
7 in th
twelfth concession of Dert ham,
containing 3,000 acres, with mill seats
th<,rw", and the Jots 22, 24, 25, 26 and 28
in the first; 22, 23. 25, 27 and 28 in the
third, 22, 24, 25, 26 and 28 in the
eleventh, and 22, 24, 25, 26 and 28
in the twelfth concession of No. wich, con-
ta.ining 600 acres, with mill seats thereon.
The terms are ei ther cash ûr good bills of
exchange on London, Montl'eal or Quebec
for the whole of ",uch purchase, in which
Cáse a proportionably less price will be ex.
pected or the same fOI" one moiety of each
F:lrpose and bonds properly ::.ecured for
principa.l and intfrest until pa.id for the
other. The prices may be known byapp,i-
cation to the prûprielor at York, Peter
Russel!." FrJm this advertisement it will
be seen that the President proposed to se;1
9,200 acres of :and besides retaining pro-
perty in York. Mr. Russell's plans to
cnate for him::.e,f a big fortune came to
.ittle, howevó;!r. John Dt'nison, whose name
appears in the advertisement as oc-
cupying one of Russell's farms, ha.d
been persuaded hy that gentleman
to emigrate to Upper Canada, when
the President 6r.t insta'lcd him in Castle
Frank on the Don, subsequently at one of
his houses in York, and lastJy on one of his
farms at Petersfie:d. In 1805 M:-. Den:son
advertised to sell p )tato
s gl'own on Mr.
Russell's fa.! m at Peters6.eld for four shil-
li:'gs a bushel in quantities (.f not less than
ten bushcis if de1Ìvered, or three shillings
on the farm, and two }'ears later he repedots
the hdvertisement, specifyil'g the tubers as
blue nose POta.tOES. In 1
03 Mr. Russell
advertised a rew,lrd of 6.ve guineas for the
thieves who stole his tu. kl y hen and young
ones from this fat m. Th'-re are some points
on \\' hich President Russell seems to ha.ve
been inconsistent. ]for insta.nce, complaint
having been made üf depredations in the
Indian fishing places and burial grounds, he
issued the tollowing proc:allla.tion : ., \Vhere.
as many heM"y and grÏt vcus compla.ints
have of la.te been made by the Missilisa
a
Indians of d, preda.tions commii.ted by some
of his Majesty's subjects, and others upon
their 6....hel it's and burial places, and of
other annoyances suffen.d 1 y them by un.
civil treatment in violation of the friendship

122

LANDMARKS OF TOR()1'
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PRESIDENT R US
SELL.

12
-3

LAND
[A.RKS OF TORONTO,

123

existing between his MajeBty and the Mis-
l!!is8ag

Indians, as well as ill violation of
decency and good ord
r: Be it known,
therefore, that if any complaint shall here-
after be made of injuries done to the fish-
f'ries, and to the bu1"Ï8J p
a.ces of the said
Indians or either of thf'm, <tnrl the pel sons
can be ascertained who misbehaved himself
or themselves in manner aforesaid, such
person or per, on!:! sh'lll be proceéded against
with the utmost sevel ity, and a proper ex-
ample ma.de of any herein offellding. Peter
Russell, Pre
:id
nt, administ
rlIlg th

Government. A!ex,wder Burns. :Secrew.ry.
Th.is wa.., dated December 14th, 1797.
The
omplaint as to disturbance of burial
ground.:! related to the ancient Indian burial
plot, known as the Sandhill, north of York
on Y onge street. Beiore the Yl:'lIor 1813
the Indians had s lectfd another bUt i'll

round and had removed there most of the
bones and relics deposited at thE' Sandhill.
The Sandhill is now completely obliterated.
On the other hand although in 1772 Lord
Ma.nbfield had
iven his tamous judgmt:'nt in
the case of Jc\mes SJ(fierset, a sl.LVe taken
over to EO!!!and from Jamaica, saying:
" Villeinage has ceased in E"g
and and it
cannot be revived. The air ot En'!land has
lon
been too pure for a sla
e añd every
man is free who breathE's it. Every man
who comes into England is entitled to the
protect:on of English law whatt:ver oppres-
sion he may h. retofore have suffered anti
whatever may be the colour of his skin."
And notwithstanding the fact that an Act
had been passed by the .Provincia.l Le
isla'
ture at Niagara. in 1793, looking to the total
extirp:\ti'>D of slavery, by prohibitin
the
importation of slaves, and ordering all chil-
dren born in slavery to be freed on reaching
th., age of twenty-five, Peter Russell owned
and traded in slaves, despite his vigorous
protection of the Indillons. In February,
1806, he inserted the following aùvertise-
ment in the Gazette and Orade :-" To be
sold, a black woman named Peg
y, aged 40
years, a.nd a black boy, her son, named
Jupiter, aged about 15 years. both of them
the property of the subscriber. The woman
is a tolerable cook aile! washecwLman, and
perfectly understands makin
soap and
candles. The boy is tal. and strong
for his age, and has been em-
ployed in tÌle country business, but
brought up principally as a house servant.
They are each of them servants for life. The
pt.ice of the wom
\U is $150. For the boy
'200, payaLle in three year:. with intere
t
from the day of sale, to be secured by
bond. But one-fourth less will be taken Ïor
ready money. reteI' Russell. " Per-
haps the re!loSon why :Mr Russell

desired to sell these slaves may
he found in the Ïac. that a few years before
Peggy had run away. In the paper of
Sc'ptemher 3, 1803. Mr. Ru
s
Il advertised
that his bl'wk servant Peg:.:y not having pis
uermisRioll to absent herself from his service
the public are cautioned from
mp' oying or
Ital bouring her without her owner's llav
.
Whoever will do so, he adds, may ex-
pret to be treated as the law directs.
\Vithin the mlmory of many men now
living, thel e used to be in York.
a pure negre-s c1JIled Amy Pomp'l<lour,
who t.a.d been iegally prest:llted by
MÍbs E iZ,lbeth Russell, the t:istbl' oÎ Presi-
dent Russell to Mrs Captain D,'nisoll. III
1801 Mr. Russell w!ts a subscriber to the
funrl for the improvement of Y onge street.
In 1803 he was one of the committee of sub-
scribers entrusted with the erectiùn of St.
James' church, and he \Vas one of the pew-
ho;ders in the church frlllll its esta.blishment.
P<.:ter strt;et derives its name from Mr. Rus-
sell. In 1799 M,". Russell retired from the
presidencY c.f U pp
L" Canada.. Peter Hunter
having been appointed, Lieutenant-
Governor. Mr. Russell died at Russell
Abbey, September 30, 1808. The Gazette
and Oracle uf the following day thus an-
nOUlIc d hi" dea.th: "Departed this life
on Friday, the 30th ultimo, the HOll. Peto;:r
Russell, E;;quire, fOl'medy President of the
Government of the Provin3e. late Re-
ceiver,General and membel. ot the Execu-
tive an,l Legislative Councils, a gentleman
who whilst livin
was honoured and sin-
cerely esteemed. and of who.:;e regular and
amiab!e cOlldll
t the public will long retain
a favuured and !!ra.teful remembrance." The
same journal of Octoì er 81h, gives th
fol-
lowing account of his funeral which took
place Oct. 4th :-"The remains d the Hon.
Pet
.rnRus-e,1 were interred on \Vednesday
the
in:)tal
t, with the greatest decorum
and re"pect. The obsequies of this accom-
plished gentleman were followed to the
grave by His Excellency Lieutenan t-Gover-
Lor Gore, as chief mourn r, with the princi-
pal genU men of the town and neignbour-
hood, aD.l í.hey Were feclingly accompani.

d by all ranks, t:vincing a rever-
ential awe for the Divine di8pensa.tion-
An appropriate funeral sermon was preached
by the Re\". Okill Stuart. The Garrison,
commalld
d by Major Fuller,performld with
becoming dignity the military honours of
this respected veteran who was :I. capta.in in
the "rmy on halip,
y." Tilis Major Fuiler
was the ta.ther oÎ the Rev. Thomas Bock
Fuiler, in 1873 Archùeacon of Niagara.
Mr. Rmsell's entire estate p ssea at
his death into the ha.nds of his maiùen
sister, Miss Elizabeth Russell. a lady of

4

LA
uMARKs OF TORONTO.

gteat refinement, who survived her brother
many yeats and made Russell Abbey her
home until her death. At her d(cease Sh8
willed the whole property to Dr. William
Warren Baldwin including the valuable
family plate embossed with the arms of the
Rliss('ll
. Atter the death oÏ ,Miss Russell,
the Abbey became the residence of
Bishop Macdonell, a :::!cotch Roman
Catholic prelate. Dr. Scadding,
from whom IllOst of the informa-
tion contained in this article is obtained,
says that his Epil!lcopal title was at first
derived from Rhesina in Partibus but after-
ward fr0Ill Kingston, Ontario, where his
home usually waS. His civil duties, as 110
member of the Legislative CúuncH of Up-
per Canada required his presence in York
dnring the Parliamentary sessions. In 1826,
Thomaa 'Veld. of Lutworth Castle, Dorset-
shire. was consecrated a.s Bishop Mac-
donell's coadjutor in England under the
title of Bishop of Amylee, but he Jlever
came to Canad30. He had been a layman
and maIried up to the year of 1825, when
on the èeath of his wife, he en tered the
church, in one year was made a bishcp and
afterward became the well-known cardinal.
It has been supposed by some that Bishop
Macdonell's occupancy of Pres:dent Russell's
house gd.ve it the name of th2 Abbey. but
this Ï! an erroneous supposition for it wa')
so styled long before his occupancy.
About forty yea.rs ago Dr. Bradley, an emi-

ration agt.nt. iived in the Abbey. After he
vacated it, about thirty vears ago, a De
o
family DameJ Truss, the male members of
which were shoemakers, lived and carried
?n their business in the Pres'dent's old
home. In those days Captain Srrachan, the
son of Bishop
trachan, was OI:e of the best
dressed men about town. Speaker Truss. a
large pomFous n' gro, stiove to emulate him
in the way of dre;os, and great amusement
was affc:rded by his attempts in this direc-
tion. No matter what kind of clothes the
captain mi&ht appear in one Sunday, the
Utxt Sunday Speaker Truss was !::ure to
come out III some sort of a.n imitation of it.
Some years ago the old house was torn down
and all traces of it have no w disappeared.
CHAPTE R XLII,
THE FIRST CATHOLIO SCHOOL.

A Ske1t'1a of Deuis RetrerD.an, OD.e of Us
"asters. an.d th. 8ub...quent RllltorJ' 01
the Bulldlns ('ntll U. Destrnctlon.
About the time of the Mackenzie rebellion
a hu.mourous and clever Irishman by the
name of Deais Heffernan came to Toronto.
He was a s.ight, dark-complexioned man
about five feet ten inches in height. His
iami y and connections were good, Rond he

himse f had been well educated, was an
accomplished scholar and one of the
best mathematicians of his day. Shortly
after coming to Canada he wa.s one day
thrown fr(lm his horse and picked up for
dead. The fall injured him internally but,
although he did nut die, he recovered only
after several Yl ars of illness, which drained
alike his strength and his purse. On par-
tialìy regaininll his health he decided to
turn his accomplishmel.lts to account and
bec')me a school master. Accordingly
he opened a private school in his
residence, which he own
d_ This was a
two-storey frame house on the south side of
Richmond street about 0: e hundred feet
east of Church street. The house was a.
common enough looking structule sta.nding
on the stret:t line. It was abou t twenty
feet front with a RabIe. The door was on
the ea.st of the front and beside it was one
w"ndow. Up stairs was one windcwand
also a sma.ll one in the attic.
These were the only windows on the
street front. There were two rooms upstairs
and two on the ground floor, with 110 limall
extension which served as a kitchen. It
was in the front room, up-ptairs, that he
opened his school about 1839 or 1840. It
was a m"xed prIvate school. and although

1r. Heffernan was a Roman Catholic,among
his scholars were some Protestants. in 1841
Mr. Heffernan had about twen
y pupÏs,
most of whom were boys. At that time the
Catholic church owned quite a la.rge tract of
land at the corner of Jarvis, th
n Nelson,and
formerly New,and Richmond streets,extend-
ing W'eøtward aloJlR the south side of Rich-
mond street. It originRlly belonged to the
Church of England, being a giit from the
Crown. In 1841, through the energy and
hberality of the Hon. John Elmsley, the
son of the second Chief Justice of Upper
CaDlwa, on the lot now turned into a lawn
at the rear of \ he Lombard street fire hall,
was erected fl,r a school house the frame
building shown in the illustratiLn, the side
of which was on Richmond street, the
gables fronting east and west. At the
south-ea..t corner of Jarvis and Richmond
was a two.storey frame hotel, kl pt at first
by Richard Sullivan and afterward by
Thomas Quinn, a very clever man. whosp.
si8
er had married Mr. Sulliv..n. West of
the school-house, on the fire hi II lot,
was the residence of the Idle Charll s Dun-
levy, proprietor and editor of the Mirror
for many years. This was a rough-cast
buildinu. Mr. P. B. McLoughlin was ita
first teacher. Mr. John Mu:vey says that
he was the first Catl.olic DOY that entered
the first Catholic school in Toronto, having
Ilone previously to the Central sehool.

LANDMARKS OF TORO
TO.

125

Later )1lr. McLoughlh was appoin'ed to the arithmetic, grammar, spellin
alld geo-
mastership of the District schoo
(the fore- graphy being all the branches taup;ht.
runner of the Common school) at the corner Senator Frank Smith, Mr. \Vi.liam H\:1nder-
of Berkeley and Duke streets, where the fire son and Mr. Hugh Miller, who were ac-
hall now stands. It was at this school quaintances of Me. Heffernan, rèmember
under the tuition of Mr. McLoughlin that him as a slight man of average stature. Q:ray
the late Chief .Justice, the Hon. Thomas h9.ired and somewhat bald headed. His
MIJss, re
eived a great part of his elem
n- wife, a Pro
stant, who was very much
tary educa.tion and whosp distinguished 1 his senior, was a pleasant, gray-
career at the Toronto University was a haired lady. who manv a time saved
lOurce of pride to M.r. McL'm
hlin. Geo. a boy ft'om a severe whipping, Old pupils
A. Barber, of cricket fame, W,LS first school say that at O'1e time Mrs. Heffernan assist-
l:JUp
rintendent. To the Hon. John Elm<.;ley ed her husband in teaGhin
, she having
the early Catholic youth of TorGnto ow ,d a char
e of tht: girls upstairs, while Mr. Hef-
great debt of gratitude from his ceaseless Iernan tau
ht the boys downstair.; but
sea.
for their welfare and advancement. this arrangèment was only for a short time.

THE FIRST CATHOLIC SCHOOL IN TORONTO.

He was a father to them as well as mento
' 1 In 1843 there were about forty 'scholars in
There are many yet living who remember the school, the larp; '1' proportion b9ing boys
how proudly he marched at the head of his ranging in age from seVt;n to six-
Sunday school scholars in line from the teen years. Among them were Mr. Jd.m,'s
Richmond stre
t school house Swnday after I Herson, of St. Lawrence markf't;
Sunday to old St. Pa.ul's fIr late mass, Mr. John H. Hasson, bookkeeper for Mr.
there being no other Catholic church in the John BUl'ns, tbe carria
e manufacturer,
city. Mr. Mulvey posseset's now what he ex-Ald. John Mulvey and Mr. James
Talues as a treasure, a Bible received at his I Bhg,nnoD. :M:r
Reft'ernãn's only relative in
h ,nds for attenti
"1 at Sund&y school in Canada W&ll a niece, a pupil at the school,
1843. Mr. Hdfernan was installed as who afterwards married William Murphy,
tA
her in the school-house in the :fi:'e one of four brothers, three of whom were
lla.l.l lot. He could scarcely be called I under her uncle's instruction. Mr. Murphy's
a p
aQ:ogue, for he rather drove than father was a cooper by trade, as were two
led hiB pupils throup;h the intricacies of his SODa. For /I long time Mr. Murphy
of rudim"nta.ry learning, reading, writing, senior, after him his son \Vi1liam, and later

]26

LANDMARKS OF
OROKTO.

hiB Bon John, kept the tavern known as the I CHAPTER XLIII.
Coopers' Arms, a two,storey frame build!ng THE DIXON HOUSE.
at the north-west corner of Scott and
el- _
ling ton streets. Ten years ago the property 1&1 O"'ner Rod FIrl1 O('eunanl-AldermaD
was sold to tl:1e \Ve8tern Insurance Com- (;hurehman Bnd PhUanthropiU, .
pany for $10,000, and the old tavern was Until about five years since there stood on
tom down. Of the Murphy brothers, John, the corner of Jarvis and Gerrard streets a
Michael, \Y illiam and Stephen, William large brick house consisting of two storeYIii
afterwa.rds became councilman of Toront.o, and an attic, with 110 turret Oil the eaSlern
Michael married a Miss Mulv<,y, a pupil of I corner. I
w
s surrounded by a lovely garden,
the school. The school-house wa
furnisheà . and had III Its rear a small orchard, a por-
in the plainest manner. At one end of the I tion of whi(:h still remains. Here lived
boys'room was a platform for the princi-I from 1847 until his death in 1855 Alexander
pal's desk, and fac ng this were row. of I Dixon, some time aldermll-u of this city.
seats without backs, and lon
, flat, narrow I Mr. Dixon was born in Ireland and came
tablta. The hours were from nin
o'clock to: to
oronto abo
J.t 1830, and for many years
noon, and from one to four. The terms of carned on busmess as a saddler', iron-
tmtlOn were from fifty cents to a dollar a i monger in the premises now occupied by F.
month. A few years late' Mr. Timothv' l E, Dixon, at 70 King street E!Iost. Mr.
McCarthy succeeded l\]r. Heffernan a's I Dixon at first reeided at his place of busi-
teacher of the Catholic school, a position ness, but latterly removed to Jarvis street.
which he oCl:upied from 1843 to 1847. In He was most empha.tica.lly "a fine
1841 the national school system was intro- I old Iri.h gentleman," He was an
duced in the school. Hon. John Elm.dey OrAng-eman, yet he commanded llnd
was then school trustee, and Hamilton Hun- obta.ined the respect of the Roman Catholics
ter was superintendent of education. ,Mr. The Church of En"land possessed no more
)1.cCarthy saYI3 that during his time as mM- 1 devoted adherent, yet he was ever ready to
ter scbool was held up-stairs, except on r
cognize the 8elf-devotion and earnestness
Sunday, when Mr. Elmslev and
lrs King, displayed by others who were not members
the wife of Dr. John King, one of tbe pro- of hiB own communion. Mr. Dixon
minent physicians of the day, would come I combined with shrewd business habit.s
and teach the children the catechism. l\lr. a
reat love of books and
McCarthy wa.s succeeded by Mr. Taft, and literAture. He could quote Shaker.peare,
he by .\jr. O'Halloran. The first died in Spencer, Scott or Bm.ns alike readily_
London, England, where he taught school To any genuine talß of Borrow or distress h.
after leaving Canada. The last died on never tl:rned a deaf ear. There are thoee
shipboard on his way to CalIfornia. Mr. no,", residmg in this city wbo can tell of his
jlcCarthv, who was an intimate friend of kindness and unfailing friendship, at the
Mr, Heffernan, describe" him as being very I time such symp9-thy was sorely needed.
harsh anà severe to his {)upils, but a vp.ry I Chiefly owin
to ,his _exertions Trinity
a.greeable and good-natured man socially. church
as erecte
m HS4ð
In

51
1r. McCarthy was appointed to a
Ir. Dl
on, at his death,' left a. wido
a
d
pOSItion In tne c,:stom.house, whieh he held Iar,..ge faml,ly. . Of Mrs. DIXon, who died In
until the first ot the year (188i). On Ip.av- 18/7, nothlIig I uL plp.asant memories remain,
m
the school Mr, Heffernan was appointed Of the sons, the elde-t, Alexander, if! Arch-
mail clerk on the City of Toronto, one of the d

c?n and Rector of. Gue,lph. The second.
first three mail boats runninv beeween this "llham, was, as EmigratIOn A'tent ill Lon-
city and Kingston, the Princ;"'s Roya.l and d
n
a COlJsci,ent
ouB servant of the Do-
the Sovereign being the other two
Ir. mlmon; he dl
d III 1873. The third, John.,
Andl.ew Carruthers, an old post-office official, w
s once promlllent as a Freemason. Fred-
was clerk on the Sovereign, and .Mr, ,McGil- erIck, the. youngest, was second in com-
,.ra\ on the Princess Hoyal. Capt Thomas mand at Rldg
w
y. Mr, Dixou's surviving
Dick, who built and owned the Queen'. daughters reside 11l Toronto.
Hotel, was one of the proprietors and cap- _
tain of the City of Toronto. Mr. Heffernan I CHAPTER LXIV.
died "n August 7th, 1858, aged 59 years. LOGAN1S COTTAGE AND GARDEN.
The school-house, which was afterwa:-d -
<1} f . b 1 d I The First Bouie Built on {'lInr('h
treel
rou", )ca
.t, was or a t1l;\J6 su sequent y use ! Above Queen ,;trt'et-
ome Ellrly ltJørkel
by the Sisters of Chanty, a.nd later by the I (,;;lrdeDs of nle (;UY.
Christian Brothers. Some, years, a
o the I I InterestinR' chif:fly as the first hous.
prop
rty w
sold by tile Catholic Chu
ch,
rected, above Shuter street on Church street
..nd part of I.t
as purchaseù by the City, IS the lIttle cottage which stood, until a few
when the bmldmg was torn down. 'Years allo, when it was torn <lown to make

LANJHIARKS OF TORONTO.

127

room for modern Ïmpro\-2ments, on the east
side of thE. way one door above the cClrner
of Shuter street. About the time of the
Ma.ckC'nzie rebellion, John Logan,a ga.rdenf'r
and 8.0l'Ïs', who is rememb
..ed by "orne of
the olùer l'esidents of the town as a tall man
of pleasant mannt'rs, obtain
d possession of
this corner and bnilt th." sma.ll 0:1e and a
half storev cottaae sÌ10wn in the illustra-
tion, onp. door a
ve the c:>rner. At the
corner Logan put up a >omall hot house,
a.nd at the rear of this aud the cottage
was hh guLlen, wh...re he cultivt.ted
...egetables and flowers tor the market. Ex-
teadinrr trom the cottage around the garden
was a i
w picket fence, and within it a c'ose
hedge, alway" kept neatiy trimmed. Boys
making trip;; out into the WOOdi be-

few weeks ago this also W,'iI torn
.lown. About the sam
time th'lt Mr,
L '2'an conducted his garden seve
al
other market gardem, \\ ere in ope:'at on
in the city. Robert Man
field cuhivated a
gard<:>n on Spadins. av
nue, opposite
Knox College, The garden wa.s
surrounded hy a ta\1, circular
board fence. In connection with
the carden he also cond11cteJ a beer sa!oon
in his cottage adjoinillg. and young men
were in tÌ1e habit of walkil'g out to his place
a.cro<s the fields on Sunday to drink bep.r
in the g,Lrden, which on that day waa
furnish
d with t'lbles and ch'lirs. Mansfield
had two daughters, who married br.)thers,
Joaeph and William Mill;gan, both
painters. On the east side of Y onge

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LOGAN'S COTTAGE AND G4.TlDE-..

yond u
ed to stop to look at I street, a little north of what is no.....
the pt'etty f!.I)WèlS
rowmg in the Wellesley street, about a hundr,d yards
yard, a
d to admire the general air of back in the fields, 8tOO I another little cot-
neatness and cosinesR which prevailed I t1lge surrounded by garden!;!, known as
about the cottage and surrou.
ding grounds. Frank's gardens from their prop:-ietor.
Logan U';f'd to stay at home a.nd attend to At the north-east corner of Sherb:.>urn p
tb
cultivation of the garden while bis wiff', I street (formerly Caroline) and Front (form-
a sm:l.ll, haudsome woman, drove the wag- erly Palace street) sta'ld
to this day the
gon down to market where she sold the pro- original house in which Mr. Ja.'S. L9slie,
duce. In its later years the coth
e had I sr., IÏ\-ed when he commenced the nursery
been unoccupied and falling into decay bu ,iness, \\ hich his family have 80 success-
presented a picturegque appearance with its fuHy carried on for year.". Leslie's garden
piazz \ in front all over-grown as was the extended to the east and north
roof with moss. At a la.ter date was erected I of the house and were quite extem:ive.
at thp cor:Jer the ont> and a half storey South of Bìoor street on the east side of the
building shown in the picture. From way stood the well-known Garden rs' Arms,
about 1868 until half a doz.;>D years ago I above an -] lJehind which were vt'geta.ble and
John Elliott occupied tbis as a liItl.loon. A fruit gardens and orchard, the produce of

128

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

which found its \vay to the city markf
t.
Like Man
fi 'ld's, this
arden, styled Vaux-
hal Ga.rdens. was a favourite r sort for
youn..: men, The Gardeners' Arms, in a
sLaie of dilapidation. is still standing (1893).

CHAPTER XLV.
HOME OF SEOKETARY JARVIS.

.AD nld Bouse with a History Which Stood
at tb'
Sooth-east Corner ot Dukl" aDd
Sherbo1l"'ne S&ref'ts.
When the Independence of the United
States W.1S established, among the United
EmDire Loyalists v ho cam
to Canada
and- settled here were two first cousins-
William and Srephen Jarvis--descendants
of the same family whieh numbered amon,:r
its members Bishop Jarvis, of Connecti-
eut, and Dr. S:tmuel Farmer Jarvis,
the church historian. Both the cousins
we:-e officers in incorporated colonial rep-i-
ments during the war of the R
volution.
Before Governor Simcoe arrived at Niagara
to assume the administration of the province
of Upper Ca.nada, William Jarvis i-Jad been
appointed by the crown Provincial St'Cretary
and Rugistrar, In a letter dated Pimlico.
March 28. 1792. addressed to his rela-
tive, Munson Jarvis, St. John, New
Bru:lswick, Mr. Jarvis writes: "I am
in possession oi my sign manual from
his Majesty constitu
illg me Sscretary
and Registre.r of the province of Upper
Canada, with power of appointillfl my
deputies and i 1 every other respect a very
full warrant." Secretary Jarvis was the
first Grand Master of Masons in Upper
Canada, and in the l!I&I11e letter, speaking
of his appointment to this office, he
says: "1 am also very much 11 tttered
to b:) enabled to inform you that th'
Grand Lodge of England have within the
e
very f

w days appointed Prince Ed-
wQ.rd-afterwards Duke of Kent and
fa.ther of Queen ViC1to:-ia-wh') i... now in
C!l.nada. Grand Masrer of M,tsons in Lower
Ca.nada: and William J al'vis. Secretary
!!oDd Registrar of Upper Canada, Granel
Master of Ancient Mas )fiS in that
province. However trivial it may app'ar
to you who are not a Mason, Yt't I assure
you that it is one of most honourable ap
pointments that th,'y could have conferred.
The Duke of Athol i
t.he Grand Master
of .Ancient Masons in England. L"Ird Dor-
che..ter-Governor General of the province
of Quebec before its division i.lto Upper
and Lower Canada-with his private secre-
tarv and the !'ecntary of the province,
calied on us yesìeròay and found us in th,'
utmost confusion with ha.lf a dozen porters

in the house packine- np. However, his
Lordship would come in and sat down in
a small room which was reserved from
the
f'neral bustle. He the& took Mr.
Peterl!l home with him to dine: hence we
conclude a f,tVourable omen i
rege.rd !O
his consecration which we hope, is not
far distant. JJ It was the intention
to establish an episcop'll see in Upper
Canada. to corresponrl with that in Lower
Canada, and this Mr. P"ters was exp
cted
to become the first bi ,hop of it. But the
see was not established at that time, nor
was the plan carried into effect until 1839,
when the Rev. Dr. Joh'l StrJ.chan was
appointed first bishop_ Continuing hiB
letter, the Spcrc'tary writes: ., Mrs. Jarvis
leaves Eng!and in great spirits. I am
ordered my pas'.!age on board the transport
with the regimeut, and to do duty wi
h-
out pay tor the passa
e only, This
Jet
êr gets to Halifax by favour of aa
intimate friend of Mr. :Peters, Governor
Wentworth, who goes out to take passes-
sion of his
overrm
nt Th
ship that I
am allotted to is th"! Henneker, Captain
Winter, a transpprt with the Queen',
Rmgers on b01.rd." Entering at Niagara
on the duties of his new offi
e when
Governor Simcoe came to Toronto, Secretary
J trvis accompanied him. His cousin
Stephen also came here. As soon as York
was laro out the Secretary selected the
pa.rk lot bounded on T h 3 east by Geor
e
sIJreet, and at the co;-ner of Duke and
Sherbourn' streets William Smith built
for him in 1794 or 1795 a finely Hili ,hed
lal'ge hou8e of hewn log
, clap-boarded on
the ootside. The materhl for the house
was cut on the sp')t. The building, whkh
was two stories and ø. half in height, faced
on Sherbo'.lrne street. It was built directly
on the street lines, a.nd the main entrance
wa<: through the Sherbourn street-then
called Caroline street-door, over which
there was an attempt at ornamentation_
Quite a long extension ra.n back along
Duke street, and there was an entrance to
the house from that street. F,trth
r alon(
was a fence with a high peakt'd
ate open-
in" from Duke 8tre n t into the lot where
were built c
,pacious barns, outhouses and
a root house tor the S 'crAary, wbo brought
with him from Ni
gara a number of horses,
cows, sheep and pi:.{s. About the hou8p.
were planted fruit tree8. amO:lg whieh
were many pear trees, for the pear
8ef'ms to have heen an especial f.wouritp
with thp. early settlers. At the rear of
the hous9 was a roomy verandah, The
building was p'li It,.d white. At the time
of its erecti In thi -I house was p:oob3.bly
the 18J'
eø" building in the town oÍ York.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

The lan!;e room at the corner on the
ground floor was converted into an office,
the living rooms of the family being at
the rear and up stairs. Up
tairs aboye
the Secretal'} 's office was the large drawing
room where balls and parties were fre-
quently held. It was reached by a
handsome flight of windinu stairs from
the main hall. In one of the outbuildings
adjoining the house a man by the name
of MlJ.rshal1, in the employ of the family,
cut hIS throat through disappointment in
love, he having af:pired, it is said. to the
hand of a young lady high above him in
flocial station. Secretary Jarvis was a
man of Q:reat note in his day and pf
Stl iking personal appearance, being over
six ft et in stature, well proportioned,
with a fine face and head. No portrait
of him is known to exist in Canada, but
there is said to be one in the possession
of thc famïy in En
iand. His name is of
very frequent occurrence in the archives
d Upper Canada durin
the administra-
tion of Governors Simcoe, Hunter and
Gore. He was a pew-holder in St. James'
church from its commencement. In the
Gautte and Oracle of November 3, 1803,
his name may be found appended as Pro-
vincial Secretary to an order of Governor
Hunter appuinting a day and place for
holding a weekly public market at York.
He was foreman of the jury which in
1800 tried and acquitted Major John
Small for kil;ini Attorney-General John
\Yhite in a duel. FoPowing the custom of
the time be was a s'avehúlder, and in
the early part of March, 1811, he com-
pla.ined to the court that a negro boy and
gIrl, his s!aves, had stolen silver and gold
from a delsk at his house and escaped
from their master, and that they h
d
been aid! d and advised by one Coach 1 y,
a free negro. The accused haviu
been
ca.ught, thc court ordered that the boy.
name I Henry, but commonly known as
Prince, be committed to prison; tl1at the

irl be returned to her reaster, and
Coach l y be di<;charged. Secretary Jarvis
presided at a meeting of the subscribers
for the improvemf'nt of Yonge street on
Monday. Ma
ch 9, 1801, and after the
meeting the committee went in a body
to view that part of the I!Itreet which Mr.
H..le had in part openeù, and after ascer-
taining the altuatÏons and improv ments
necessary to be mllde and provining for
the immediate building of a bridl.!;e over
the creek, betw< en the s'cond and third
mile post!", th('y adjnurned. On one
occasion Secretary Janis came very near
losinJ!; his pla.c p . It was durin
the admin-
iatration of Governor Hunter. a. man very
9

129

p
remptory at times in his JimIissals.
The Qua.kers from up Y onp;e street sent !to
dele
atioJ1, he ded by Timothy Rogers and
Jacob Lundy, to the Governor c molain-
ing of the difficulty a.nd ,le:ay th('y ex-
perienced in gettinv the patents for their
lands, whereupon Mr. Jarvis and several
other officers of the province were ordered
to appea.r the next day before the
v-
ernor, together with the deputation of
Quakcrs. Pointing: to the Quakers.
the Governor exc
aimed, U These g 'nUe-
men complain that they cannnt gl t their
paten ts." Each of the officia.'s tried to
exculpate Hmself, but it appeared that the
order for the patents was more than a year
old, and Mr. J arvi;i was f('uud to be the
one most to blame.
he unfortunate Set:re-
tary could only say th"t the p;'( ssure of
busine
s in his office W11S so great that he
had been a.bsolutely unable up to the
present moment to
et these particular
patents ready. U Sir," was the Governor's
reply, "if they are not fortbcomio(l;, evelY
one of them, and placed in t he hands of
these gentlemen here in my pres!'nce at
noon on Thursday next, by George I'll
un-Jarvis you I" It is not necessary to
remark that the Quakers returned with
their patmts. SecrEtary Jarvis died in
1818. His grandson, Col. Jarvis, was the
first military cornmanrlant in Manitoba..
Jarvis street was opened through the
Secretary's park lot after his death by
his son. Samuel PeterE Jarvis, whos
nama
it bears. ThE' opening of the strcet neees-
sitatt'd the destruction of the residE-nce of
S. P. J anÎs, a handsome structure of the
ear1y brick era of York, which stood in he
line of the new thoroughfare. Part of Ihe
offices attached to the house were turned
into a dweHing on the west side of Jl1rvis
street, and some years ago the gravel
drh.e to the door of the old house might
ha.ve been traced out by the acnte ob-
server. Throughout the house was fitted
with black walnut. This interior wood.
work Was bou
ht by Captain Carl hew and
put into his h('use at Deer Park on Y onge
street. Samuel P. Jan-is was one of the
parties in a duel foup:ht on the morning of
July 12, 1817, a short distance north of
fJrosvenor street and a little way back from
Yongé street. His opponent, John
Ridout, was 'killed. A iew years after
the death of Secretary Jarvis his resi.
dence met the fate that so frequently
befalls the mansions of the great. The
property was cut up bV his son. A
man by the n'\me
If LE'e tooÌl: the hou!Oe.
He was an Englishman and conJucted
an Eng"ish chop house and biliiard room
in part of the Luilding. He also put up

130

LANDMARKS OF" TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

131

a small addition on the Sherbourne I in a small troup and post the
lYf:s at
street side. Early in the twmties James the door through which tht;y allowed
Padfield rented a portion of the bnilding no one to pass until Co:umbus had com.
from L:e and started a school His first I pleted their orders. As remarked, the
scholar was Mr. John Smith, wt
o now ta:ents of Columbui! were very versatile.
liyes over the Don; the second pnpil was In the Jarvi
hou
e he opened a gun
Nancy Bright and the third James Stafford. Bhop, a. jewel'ery
hop, 3t blackf'mith shop,
After this pupils came to the school in I which on the Duke street extem,icn,
consider;.ble numbers. \Vhen the school &nd for a time afterwilrd was occupied
wa.s broken up in 1824 Isaac Columbus came by Paul B;shop, and a. factory for the
into possession of the house part of which manufacture of stove pipe
, he having Lb-
he converted into wo
k8hops of various ) ' t
ir.ed a contract for. a quantity.of stove
kinds, for he was '" Jack of all trades, p pes. In these vaned OCcupatIons be
using the remainder as a residence. en,ployed quite a number of men, among
Columbus, who was a native of France, whom were James Bri
ht and Paul
was one of the characters ùf ea.r:y York, Bishop, both blacksmiths by trade and

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HOUSES BUILT BY PAUL BISHOP ON THE SAME SITE.
pecnliar in many reBpects, but gOOd- I both of whom married daughters of Mr.
na.tured, 2ood-hearted, ch'lritable, and a Columbus.
lr. Bri2ht and his wife are
very clevu workman. Dur"ng the war still livin2 at advanced ages on King
of 1812 he was employed as armourer to street, a ehort distance east of the Don.
the militia. stationed at the Garrison, I The gun and jewellery sh(,p was at the
near which he had a forge. Manv of corner of Duke and Sherbourne streets. The
the swords carried into battle by the stovepipe shop was further down on Sher-
(officers were manufactured by him, and b()urne. Colurwbus was equally at home
although perhaps not Damaslus blades they I whether rCQuired to make a sprv'ce of
did excellent service. Before movin
into I plate, pull a tooth, make aud insert a
the Jarvis house he lived on the west new se' of tpelh, jump the battered axe
side of Sherbourne street, a little north I of a woodsman, make
kate blades, or the
of Dukp, and in both places he was still 1 irons of an ice boat, put in order a Bur-
pa.tronized by the soldiers of the Gar. veyor's theodolite, or replace an instru-
rison, who, in ordcr to
et their work I ment lost from a draughtman'B c

. He
finished E.xpeditiously, would come down was the Bchoo:boy's friend, a.nd th{,y used

f32

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

';0 Bock to him in great numbers to get
;heir little ma-tters a.tt
nded to. Dr, Scad-
:ling once havin" left an article for
repairs, with instruction that it must be
ma.de at a rpecified time, Columbus re-
t,orted that II must" was only for the
Kin
of France. He was an out-and-out
f(,yalist, and refused to ha.\-e a[,ything to
do with the Y O!'k Liberals who were then
beginning to a.gitate reform, on the ground
that the moderll ideas of government
hindered the King from acting as a goo.!
f&ther to his people. fhe expression

'fin,t quality biUf'," used by him to in-
dicate an extra quality for wHich an extra
}trico! was to b3 paid, pas<:ed mto a. sort
,f proverb among the
chool bJYs of
the time who gr w into the habit ot
applying it to persons and things held
by them to be of a hi
h order of excel-
lence. The name Isaac Columbus was
pa.illtrd over' the door of his workshop on
Sherbourn
street, and his dau!éhter Mrs.
lsright, SllYS that Columbus is the p:-o{'er
orthography of the name, although in some
early York p:Lpers it occasionally appears as
J.aac Collumbu-<. Aft r some years spent
in the Jarvis street house, MI', Columbus
Ïell into financial troubìe; his property
was taken from him; his hea1th :a.ileò,
and he went to lh'e with his ðaughter
7.nd son in-law, James Bright. Here in
the house which they now occupy east
oÏ the Don he died at a very old age.
}fl'. Columbu
m(Jved into the Jarvis house in
1824 and Ide it ab ut 1832, when it was taken
'by Mr. Jame3 Kidr1, the father of Mr.
John Kidd, who lived there until 1837,
when he built a one-storey and a, tic
dwelling acr"ss the way on the south-west
comer of Jar\ is and Sherbourne streets.
This building is still standing but e:evated
.to two stories and an attic. Mr, Kidd
died here in 1844. During the cholera
epidemic in Toronto it is sairl sever"l per-
sons died of the dread disease in the
Jarvis house. Either from thIs story or
from the tale of the suicide, the old man-
8ion after' a time acqu;red an uncanny repu-
tation and WM commonly reported to
be haunted. During .Mr. Kidd's (lCCU-
paney stl'ange, unearth'y noises were
heard at night in the big loom formerly
1Ised by Secretary Jarvis as an office, and
110 one could be persuaded to occupy it,

o it was l(.ft vacant On sp.veral occa.-
sions in the dead of night Mr. Kidd
en one of Ûlese gho'it!y oUtbreaks would
ereep down to the deserted chamber,
lamp in one hand and pi.stol in the c.ther,
to
olve the mystery if possible, but on
his app oach the noises would cease and
DO trace of any visitOl" could be found.

Once a man by the name of Ba.xter
recent'y arrived in Canada, came :0 th;
house to spend the night. He, being igno-
rant of the reputation of the house,
was assig-ned to the haunted room,
Several times during the night he was
heard tossing restlessly on his bed.
The next morning he appeared a.t break-
fast pale and h'1ggard, and d
clared J e
would never pa
s another ni
ht in tbat
room. In 184S Paul Bishop, who had
acquired the property, tore down the
o
d house and t'r
cted on the ground
the two brick houses shown in the illus-
tration, and the one-storey cottage a little
further to the east. Of the two hOQses
huilt togeth
r, which are now standÌllg,
James l'eaeoek owns the COl'ner one, 801 d
William Goldring the one cast of it.

CHAPTER XLVI.
THE SMITH H.MESTEAD8.

fte Ji'lr!!lt Frame Bonae In York Rnd ene or
the Fir"t BUlldlnga on JUng Street-The
House Over the DOD.
'Vhen Governor Simcoe in 1793 came
from Niagara to what is now Toronto in
qu
st of a site for tht) seat of his Go\'ern-
mellt, there came in his train an f'xperienced
builder by the name of William Smith. He
remained here d'.lring the faU and
winter and assisted in laying out the
town which the Governor ha.d chosen
for his capita.l. In the spring
Mr. Smith went over to Niagar...
and returned, bringing his fan ily with him.
After the layinl.!; out of the town p:ot he was
the first to draw a. building lut. It was the
north-east corner (If King and Sherbourne.
the latter b .ing then Ila.'Tl
Ù Caró,i.ne street,
after that Princess of Wales. afterwards so
unhappily famous M Geo' ge the Fourth's
Qu en Car..:>line. The snme year Mr. Smith
put up a log cabin on his newly acquired
la.nd for the temporary residence of his
famiìy. The nl xt year this was pUlled
do\\ n and at the ea:"tern end oi the plot was
built a frame house, which is reportl'd to be
the first frame house built in York, and
cLrtainlv was one of the very first hQuses
of a.ny description on King street,
which by the way was termed Duke sÞ..e t,
and the moåern Duke street Duchess street
in the laying out of the town, in comp!iment
to the Duke of York, son of G,orge the
Thi. d, and the Duchess of York, eldest
daughter of the King of PI usâa. Subsf'-
quen,ly, by an agreement made bet" een
William Smith and his son William, jr.,

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTU

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134

LANO}!ARKS OF TORONTO,

wh
was but thirtt>en years o
d on his
arrival at York. and who was one of the
pupil!,! of Dr. Okill S
uart at his Hom
D:s-
trict Scbool. the youn1:t man acquired the
western portion of the lot and b'1Ïlt 3- fume
addition to his fa.ther's hou;;e, marr:el and
settled down. and thel'e ill 18H his first
child, Mr. John Sm:th, who now lives Across
the Don. was born, Both the buildings
e
'ected by the father and son are still stand-
in
, sJmewhat ch
nged from the:r ori
inal
appearance. The houses were built of
wood cut on the pr
mises and at the rear of
the houses th<'re is to-day a stable the
wood of which is of the same vari
ry as the
tre'3S -,rowing in the vicinity. Mr. Smith,the
elder, built many of the earlier houses of
York and also the bridge over the Don on
wha.t is now King street, bnt W.tS t
en
t heKin
stoJl road runnin
between York and
King,.ton. That th
se ea"ly 102" and frame
hl)us
s bave stood in such p:oad condition
down to the present time is due m1.inly to
the excellence of their c
n:;truction. Am'Jng
the men whom Governor S
mcoe bl"OuJht
with him to build
llS embryo city were
timber
en from N av.\ Scoti&. and other
lower pmvince eXp3rt hewers and dove-
tailers of logs, and E:lglishm
n skilled in
wh:psawin
and cuttin
joists and rafters.
The wood too was guod, c 'nsisti'l
princi-
pally of oak and pine. :Mr. John Smith
has some oak cut by his erandfather in
1794, th1.t is in a state of perfect preserva.
tion. and out of which he is having- picture
frames made. In 1802 William Smith, 81'.,
WM one of th
sub,cribers to the fund for
improving Y on
estl"eet,and in 1815 his name
i, appended together wi h th.t of his
Eon Wi lia.m to the address of welcome pre-
spnt
d by be citizens of York to Lieutenant
Governor Gore on hh return from E:lg1and.
S3ptember 27th, 1815. Mo'. William Smith,
f-r., Ii ved i I his King street hou"e until 1819,
when he diea. His picture, in the p IS-
s
ssion of the f
mily, shows a fine-featured
man with powd'red hair and a queu
. His
face bears a striking res.'mblanc. to that of
Lafa.yette. Ther' also ca.mp. to York
with Governor Simcoe in 1793 Mr. John
Scadding, father of the Rev. Dr Henry
Scarlding, of this c:ty, canon of Toronto
and author of" Toronto of Old,"" Tne
Four Decades of York, Upper Canada." an.l
" The First Bi,
hop of Toronto, a. Review
and a study." In 1796 Mr. Scadding ob-
tai led a C1rant fnm the Government of the
w hole of
he lot No. 15 on the past bank of
the Ð.Jn. consisting of about 250 acres with
A broken front 0:1 the lake in th} fir3t con-
ces3ion, the southern divisbn st"e
chillg
south to the lake, bein
known as th
fit'8t
c')uctwl1lion, while that stretcoin
north-

ward was termed the second concession.
Governor Simcoe was recalled t;he same
year and .Mr, Scadding returned b Eng'and
with him, PreYlous to his departure hp. put
-'II'. George Hayter, the father of the presem
Mr. John Play tel', in charge of tbt'
p:'operty, installing him in the lo

house which had be
n built in the
east branch of the Don just south of the
Kingston road, and wiÜch m3.Y now be
seen at the Exhibition
round. In this
house EmamI
l Play tel' was born in 1798.
Hp died in 1869 Ab\)ut this lo,:! cabIll an
orcha.rd had alre,\dy been set out, the treeR
having been brought from the United States,
!Lnd as late as 183t one of the trees of this
orchard, a sweet apple of excellent quality,
was still staodin!!. In 1817 Mr'. Scadding
returned to York and laid out his land on
the n011;h side of the Kiagston road
in bnildin
lots of on(:, two, three
and five acres. Th
se lots were sold,
Georg' Play tel' buying toe one jU3t east
of the Don. \Villiam Smith, jr., bought all
of Mr. Sca.ddil1SZ's hnd south of the road,
abc>ut fifty acres in 1819. In 1818 George
Play tel' built a fram!} hoase one and a half
stories high, and 18x32 feet in dimension on
his plot just north, east of the preflent King
street bridge over the Don. On purchasing
1\11-. Sca Iding'iI p 'operty William Smith,
jr , shrted to build a tannery near the river
which w:us in op:>ration in 1820. He then
bought George Playter's newly built home
and moved itacl'OSS tlJe rOJ.d, a tittle way back
from it i;o h's own land. an ea<;y task at that
time, RoS the ground was level and t.he 1'0 1dway
had not been cut down M it now is. In
thi
houae were lodged the employes of the
tann3ry, Mt'. Sm'th preservin
his residence
at the corner of King and Sherbourne fitS.,
where all hIS family were born until 1832
when he decidecl to occupy the D III house
as a residt'nce. He had previously built
an addit:on to it for the ac
ommodation of
the tannery m
n and when th3 tamily took
p')ss..)
sion of the home another addition of
18 x 13 feet was put 011 at the ea
t side,
After toe death of William Smith the pro
perty came in to the hands of his sün John
Smith. who made various additions to the
house from tim} to tune until it Msumed its
p"e,
eIJt proportions, The sitting room
now is th J original house built by
John Plavt'r. In it stan,ls a tall ha.ll
c!ock, the
case of which Wd.S m de by Jor-
dan P 1St. and which is prob .bly the first
clock c;\se ever ma.nnf,
ctured in York. In
th'3 parlour at the east Wl'1g of the houõ!e
han
the family portrai
s. In 1879 Mr.
Smith had the old log cabin, built in 1794,
rea10ve,1 to the Exhibition grlJunds. where
it now stand8. Ths illustra.tion sbOW:i the

LAND
fARKS OF TORO:KTO. 135
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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Don homestead, with the tl\nuery and the
10'1: cabin in their original positions. The
land on which they ß
1.nd has been f'xpro-
priated by the city for the purpose of
straightening and improving the Don river.
.M,'. bmith built a new house (in the eaS1i
aide of the Ðon, where he died.

CHAPtER XLVIL
THE HOME DISTRICT SCHOOL..

The 'irl'it Publi
School lu York Dud the
Dome or th., "'irllt Ret"tor III St. J:lmes',-
c..oL GeorJ:,e Dug
an.. House.
Early in the century, probab;y not later
than 1805, the Rev. Dr. OkiU Stuart
built a modest frame house as a residence
for himself on the plot of ground owned by
him at the south-east corner of Kin
and
George streets. At the south-ea.st corner
of his house, and attached to it, he con-
structed a. small low stone hUi'ding, not
much bigger than a root-house. Tile stone
walls stood in their native rudenes3, but
they were atterward covered with a c:>ating
of clap-boards. In this pIimitive school
house the first public Echool of York was
established, and on the, rolls of its pupJs
one may read the names of boys who be,
came rich and celebrated men and of
girls who blossomed into the belles of the
growin(! capital. The school was called
t!le Home D.strict Schoo
, and it was
opened on the first of June, 1807, by the
Rev. Dr. Okill Stuart, who taught there
several years. Dr. Stua.r\ hat! taken up
his residence in York as early as 1803,
as rec
or of the Anp-lican congre
a
io:J,
which, at that time, before the erection of
the first St. James' church, held their
services in one of the government build,
in

In March, 1799, there was a day
of general thanksgiving for the late victo-
riea of the British, and prayers were
read at 11.30 o'clock in the north
'tovernment building, Dr. Stuart had not
arrÏ\'ed at this time, and prior to his ap-
pointment and afterward during his abser..ce

Ir. \Villiam Cooper read the prayers.
This Mr. Cooper was the owner 0 Cooper's
whart, a favourite landiDg pl<lce near the
foot of Jarvi,,; street. D:. Scudding relates
that a launch took pla.ce at; the ship.yard
aùjoinin
Cooper's wha.rf once on a Sll.lday.
All attempL8 to get the boat into the water
the day before had been vd.in, and to
prevent any accident which delay might
have occasioned she was got; off th
ways
on Sunùay, As might be expect
d, Mr,
Coopel' was one of the p<3W holders in St.
J.arne,,' cn urch from its establíshmen
. a.nd
iA 1802 was one of the subscribers to

the improvement of Yonge street. At the
beginning of 1803 Dr. Stuart ha.d arrived
in TOI'onto, for the Oracle and Gaze/,u of
.January 22 of that year ha..
the followin

account of th<3 proceedings of the sub-
scribers toward the fund for the erection
of the first St, James' church :_U At a
meeting of the subscribers to a fund for
erecting a church in the town of York,
holden fl.t the government buildings on
S lturday, the 8
h of JanualY instant, the
Hon. Chief J ustice E
msley in the chair:
Resolved unanimously that each subscriber
shall pa.y the amount of his subscription
by thrt:e instaiments, the first being one
moiety in one múnth from this day; the
second being a moiety oi the re:'!idue in
two months, and the remainders in three
months; that Mr. William AI!an and Mr.
Duncan Cameron shall be treasurers and
shall receive the amount of said subscrip-
tions, and that they be jointly and severallY
answerable for all moneys paid into their
hands upon the receipt of either of them;
tI;at His Honour the Chief Justice, the
HOI;ou:able P. Russell, the Honourable
Captain McGill, the Rev. Mr. Stuart,
Dr. Macaulay, b1l-. Chewett, and the two
f:reasurers be a committee of the sU:Jscribers,
with full power and authority to apply the
moneys arising from subscriptions to the
purpose contempiated : provHed, neverthe-
less, that if any m:.lterial difference of
opinion should ari
e among them re.>ort
shall be had to a meeting of the sub-
scriber& to decide; that the church be
built of stone. brick or fram
d timber
as the committee m ty judge most expe-
dient ; due regard being had to the
upzrior
advant<l
es of a stone or brick building
if not counterbalanced by the additional
exp::nse; that eight hundred pounds of
lawful money be the extent upon which the
committee shall cal:::ulate their plan, but
in the first instanc" they shall not ex-
pend b::yond the sum of 6ix hundred
pounds, if the amount of the sums sub,
scribed and paiù into the hands of the
treasurers, togeth
r with the moneys which
may be allowed by the British Govern-
ment amount to so much. leaving so much
of the WOI k as can most con venientIy be
dispensed with to b' completed by the
remaining two hundred pounds; provided,
however, that the said six hundred pounds
be laid out in sUt:h manner that Divine
worship ca.n be performed wi:h decency
in the church; th:l.t the committee do
I equest the opinion of Mr, Be: czy re-
specting the probabJe expznses which will
attend the undertaking, and respecting the
materials to be preferred, due regard being
had to tbe a.mouut of the fund aa afure:aid.

LAK DMARKS OF TORON roo

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138

L\XD
IARK.P OF rORONro

"nd that after obbining hi!! opinion they do Du
gan would invariably rise and walk
advertise their readiness to receive p
'oposals out of church with the
reø.test gravity.
conformable thereto. N. B The propriety This becam
such 0. reJ{ular pgrformance
of receiving contributions in labour or mate- th,tt it ceased to 'l.ttract ø.ttention,
rials is suggested to the committee, A, Mac- and the congregation came to regø.rd it as
donell, secretø.ry to the meetin2." Dr. a part of the service. Colonel Duggan
Stuart pre1.ched the sermon at the funerø.l gave a.nd set out the row of Lombardy
of the Hon, Peter RU8sell, Wednesàay, ! poplars which once stood in front of
Oct. ., 1808. On the second a.ttack
t. James' chu:'ch, ø.nd which may be
of the Americans on Y ork on
ot the Unired seen in old engravin
s of King ptreet,
States officers, hospitably entertained by whf3n it became necessary to remove these,
the ladies of the town, was a brother-in-bw aud the vestry voted thei
. destruction,
of Dr. Stuart, Brook
s by name. Church Colonel Duggan came v...y near assault-
ø.nd school were closely a'lieã in the early ing T. D. Harris, the church warden,
days of York, and both are imeparable who was entrusted with the work of
from the history of the house at the
outh- superintending their remova1. Another
e!!.St comer of King and George streets. instance of his strong prejud ces is
Returning to the school, contemporary given in the story how he once kept a
records s}-ow th.tt the first names entered jury locki'd up all night by obstinately
on its boQks were thol:5e of John R-dout, standing out against the o'.her eleven
Willia.m A. Hamilton, Thomas G H .milton, mcm 1 )ers. They had their revenve, how-
George H. Detlor, George S. Boulton, e\"6r, for they kept th, Colonel awake
Robc'rt Stanton, Williø.m Stanton, Angus the whole night, and so tortured him with
.McDonell, Alex1.nder Hamilton, Wi EOn tricks and pranks that he was glad
Hamilton, Robert Ross, and Allan McNab. to dve in next morning when court
Afterward there came to the
cho()l John m -t. In 18]5 Colonel Dugga.n was one
Moore, Charles Ruggles, Edward Hart- or the signers of an address welcoming
ney, Charles Bouhon, Alexa.nder Chewett, Lieatcnant-Governor FranciE! Gore back
Donald McDonell, Ja.mes Edward Sm-.ll, to Upper Canada from England. In
Charles Small, John Hayes, George and 1822 he was a subscriber to the fund
William J !l.rvis, \Villiam Bowkett, Peter for the erection of t,wo briàjZes over the
McDonell, Phiiemon Squire
, James Mc- D,Ill. He once stoOd for the town against
1ntosh, Bern
rd, Henry and Marshall Attorney-Gent>Nl Ro' hson, hut was de.
Glennon, R'chard P.rooke, DJ.niel Brooke, ft>ated. After Mr. Dng
.1ll, Patrick Hughe.
Charles Reil.de, \Villiam RfJbimoa, Gil- op
ned a. dry-goods store in the building.
bert Ha.milton, Henry Ernst, John Gray, Hi.. sto::k W,tF largely exp,)sed on the out-
Robert Gray, \Yiliiam Ctwthra, William side during tht! day a.nd during the f'veninl{
:Smith, Hal'vey \Voodrnff, Robert Ander- it was indoor;i The old building shown ill the
aon, Benjam-n Anderson, James Givins, illustration ha.s long since yielded to
Thoma.s Play tel', \\ïl1iam Pilkington, aad the march of progress, and the boys
boys by the names of Belcour. Hammeil and girls who pored over their books
a.nc1 Marian, prob tbly
ons of th' French within its walls are all dead, and the
bakers and confectioners of th tt day. mossy marbles rest upon Dr. Stuart and
Among the girls' names are many afterward Colonel Duggan. Still it is ø. memoria.l
distinuui.;:h"c1 in the society of Upper of the first public school of this town and
Cana.òoa. The Rev. Dr. John
trachan, of the fir,;t rector of St. Ja.mes'.
afterward first bishop of Toronto, suc- Of those who werê p
pi1s and who have
ceeded Dr. Stuart as incumbent of s
. ..1.:10 long since pas.ed away may be men-
James' in 1 S13. The Home Dis trict tioned: John Ridout, who in his very early
School came to an end, and in its phce yuuth was a midshipma.n on one of the lake
Dr. Strachan eøtabli.hed the District gunboats in the war of 1812, and who met
Grammar School. Dr, Stuart, on leaving his death in a lamentable manner before b.
York. became rector of St. G
orjZe's church, had completed his twenty-firat year; Angu.
Kingston, and ArchrIeacon of King40n. McDonell, than whom no man in Toronto
On his departure Colon
ï Gporge Dugga
l was better known j the Smalls, whose
bought Dr. Stuart's properl y. Co onel descendants ø.re in Toront.o at the present
Du!!gan was an lrishm'tn o
strong pre- time;
' illiam Cawthra, who erected the
judices. He came to York at an early large stone house on the north.east, corner of
date. Oddly enough, he had an in"upemble King and Bay str 'ets, now occupied by the
aversion to Dr. Stuart. Th,tt divine was Molsons Bank: Thomas Playter, whose
a tall, benevolent and hand
ome man, family is still in tbe city j and Allan McNab,
but he h:ld a peculiar delivery, and of whom the storie. told a.re legion.
whenever he ascended the pulpit Colonel

T A N'D\IARK
OF Tl)RO
TO.

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FIRST METnODI
T CHt;'RCH I
YORI\.o

140

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER XLVIII.
THE FIRST METHODIST CHURCH.

A. Sketch or the Primitive We.leyao t:bapel
on ..hlg Street-.A.rterward '-ODvertedlDto
tbe '1healre Royal.
The year 1818 was notewortl)y in the an-
nals of York as an era of extensi ve build-
in
operations. Numerous stores, pIivate
residences ,tDd other buildin
s were ert:cted,
several of which were of 8. more pre-
tentious style of architecture than those
previously existing in the capital. In
the summ 'r of this year was erected the
little church shown in the illustra.tion.
It was the firat place of puhlic worship of
tbe Wesleyan Methodists in YOLk. The
chapel was a little low common.plaee-Iook-
iug fra.me fltructure, originally forty íeet
squ
re, but afterward enlar(!;ed to forty
bj sixty feet. Its bnilder was a Mr. Petch.
It stood a few feet b.lck from what is now
the corner of King and Jordan streets,
but at the time of its erection J orda.n street
had no existence. It was on the sonth
side of Kinf! s:reet a!)d stood north ø.nd
louth. On the Rite of the chapel was after-
",'ard built Hay's furniture establishm
nt.
The little chald had a solitary øoub:e
door-way op_'ni'l
toward Kin
street.
Oa eø.ch side of the entrance wac; a window,
whicb, as compared with the liize of the
building, were of considerable dimensions.
Three windows of similar size lighted
thJ interior from each side, The in-
terior wa3 fitted up with a hi
h square
box-like pulpit at the end. Rnde wooden
benehes were ranged along eø.ch side, leav-
il)g a na.rrow pa;.sage down the middle
from the door to the pulpit. The entire
cost of the bnilding was abont $250, and
it is sa.id that the congre
ation were three
years in raising this amount. This seems
strange to any ODe cfJntemplating the
wealth of the Methodist denomina:ion in
Toronto to-day. From the little wooden
chapel at the corn,;r of King and Jordan
streets the magnificent .Metr, .politan
church hi a long step in Jp.ss than ha.lf a
century. In the first Methodist church
the custom preyaiied of sep1l.rating the men
from the women, the foruh'r sitting on
the ri2ht hand entering the building,
the latter on the left. ThilS practice of
separating the sexes in places of pUb
lC

rshie. c
':.-f[o
the_ Ea:;t, and is still
followed by the Jews in their synago
ues.'
It also exists at :,he present day in
liome of the Engli-h churches. Formerly,
among the arùcL'es of enqÜíl y sent from a
Diocesan to church-wardens, was the

question: .. Dú men and worn m st\
together indifferently and p'omiscuously,
or as the fashion was of old do mL'n sit
to{!ether on ('ne side of the church and
women upon the other?" In English
churches the usage ,],ffered fro:n the pt'8e-
tice of the MethodÜts in Toronto;
e
north o[ the. church was the place of \:.he
women a.nd the south tha.t of the men.
Th
tsa
e cu,tom of ,
a r.ati

_ the !.

also obtained in the Greek church,
In 1688 Sir George Wheler, in his
.. Account of the ChurchEos of the Primi-
tive Christians," says that "thÌá c ust om
seems not only very decent, but now-a..days
since wickednes3 so much ø.bouuds highly
ne!::essary, for the '(entra.l mixtnre of m
n
and women in the La.tin Cuurch is uoto-
riously sca.ndalous and little less is their
sitting together in the same p
ws in our
London churches." At the time of th

erection of the chapel this p:ut of King
street was but sparsely built op, th3re
being n:) house on the south side between
the chapel and th
COrlier of Bay street,
where stood the private residence of
Mr. Jordan Post, a well-known clock-
maker of that day, w;lose na.me is com,
mernorated in Jordan "treet. Mr. Post'.
shop was near the sout.h-west cornel' of
King and Y ouge streets. Between this
shop and the chapel the only building
was Shepherd's b:acksmith's E5hop, which
stood about hah way between Y on
e
street and the present site of Jordan fltreet.
Opposite was a solitary two-storey house,
where a f"mily by the name of Smith
carried ou a bak!'ry and confectionery
business. The end of this house abutting
on the street is shown in the illustra-
tion. 011 the western side of the chapel,
and ø.t its rear, was an orch;lr<1 extend-
ing southward to WellingTon str.:et,
beyond which trees and shrubs stretched
down to the water's edge across the road
leading to the Garrilloa. The W f'sleyan
chapel continued to be nsed as a place
of worship for fifteen years. In 1833 it
WM converted for Q, time into th. " Theatre
Roya.l. "
And in the lIame bnilding where ha.d re,
sounded the eloquence of the early )lethod-
i!!lt ministers the playgoers of York Jis:'ened
to the soliloquies of Hamlet, followe.l the
woes of Juliet, and sat aghast a.s the cwpidity
of Shylock was skilfully plac
d before them.
1'0 the first Methodist church and the
change afterwards made in it may be ap'
plied the Shakespearean quotation "We
know what we are, but we know not \\' hat.
we may bp.."

LAi\'D:MARKS OF TORONTO. 141

I
I
J

142

LANDMARK8 OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER XLIX.
PAUL BISHOP'S HOUSE AND SHOP.

An Early 8mUhy Where the Plrat ()ab ()on.
Ilrucled In York \Va" Buill-The Corner
or Duke and 8herbo.rne Sireets.
Among the early settlers in York Was
Paul Bishop, a French CanadIan. who estab.
lished himself in business here as blacksmith
and wheelwrif.:tht. On the north-ea.:>t corner
of Duke a.nd Sherbourne streets, the latter
then \';aroline, a little distance back frGm
the street, Bishop built a good-sized frame
blacksmith shop, fronting southward on
Duke street. It was clapboarded and had a
shingle roof. Through ita wide open doors
the forge within might ever be .een glow-
ing, while the merry ring of the hammer on
the anvil sGunded. About thirty ftoet from
the shop, at the east side of it, were some
t.rees. and at the rear of the shop, on the
west side, stood one tree.
For many years he was the principal
workman in his tirade in the town, and in
1831 his shop was in its full vIgor. All
about the yard were scatt red wheels and
br,olt!..D ve
cl6s br

gbt.\ for reI-airs. The
first ëãf)bUl!trn York was c ons tructed In
bis shop. On the oppoaite side of the street
j\Wt east of the housE' built by Se(
retary
Jarvis at the south-east corner of Duke and
Sherbourne and Ulen occupied by Isaac
Columbus. a French gunsmith 9.nd jack of
all tcacles, Bishop built a sJm\ll one storey
red brick cottage fÕ.r a residence. The four
øides of the roof sloped down in equal
tria,Dgles from the peak. In front were tw"
windows. The door waR reached by a short
fiight of aide Ateps with a railing and a little
stoop such as is fr quelltJy se6ln
in the olàer houl!.es to-day. Thi8 cottage i8
stHl8tandin
in
ood rppair. Mr. Bishop
married one of t.b.e daughters of his neigh-
bour, Co!umbus. James Bright, a black-
amith, who with his wiÍe now lives over the
Don Rt an advanced age, married another
daughter, and Henry Robinson, a Q;unsmith,
wedded the third "nd youngest daughkr.
Bishop WRR a pleasant, well-liked man. He
spoke lairly rood broken English. While
conducting business at his Duke street shop
he bc-ughÙan;e qnantities of iron from T.
D. Harris. At length reverses came and he
was obliged to transSer his shop and hou!'e
to other handa. T D. Harl i!'. to whom he
was ]argt:1y indebted for m.teria.l, obéainpcl
possession of the shop, which he
moved fonvard and converted into dwel-
]fn
, which ace now standing. Bishop left
the city a-bont 1846, immediately after his
faûure in businelis, and went to Poneta.n-
guishene, wht:re he died some years
go.

A year or two previous to 1848 T. D.
Harriss having corr.e into po
se8s;oll of the
pnJperlY owned by Paul Bishop, at the
north-east corner of Dnke and Sherbourne
stre.'ts, where he canied on tbe black.
smithing bwiness, Mr. Harris moved the
frame ShOP forward 10 the street line, en-
la.r
ed and re-modeh:d it, and after rai::.ing
it on f.tone foundations. about three feet
highs divIded it into two dwellings, two
stories in height. which were stuccoed
brown. Flights of steps gave en-
trance to the d"ors, elevated by the stone
foundation. At. the west end of the COt ner
wall Mr. Harris inserted in the foundation
a stone bearing th
inscription T. D, H"
1848, being his initials and the date of the
trarrsformation of the shop into dwelling".
These buildil1gi3 are still standin
. although
beginning to show signs of age and decay.
Mr. Hal ris was in business at his store
on thto south side of Kin
street, be-
tween Frederick and George streets, on a
site rec(:ntly occupied by O'Connor's hr)tel,
a.nd tC'1!'1l down to make room for two red
brick dwellmus. The firm was \Vatkins &;
Harris. In 1833 they moved to 68 King
stre6lt east. The shop was known as the
"Sign of the Anvil and S
eJge." Mr.
Harris then diasolYed partnership and abou;;
1850 moved to the brick buildin
now oceu-
pbl by 3-eo. Keith, 124 King street east.
He was succeeded in the wholesa.la business
by Mr W. R. Harris. In Us29
lr. Harris
had estab1ished a hardware business in th(,
first named King street shop, a. little west
(If the market, in connection with John
Wakins, of Kingbton. From an adver-
tisement of 1833 the stock of hard-
ware stores at that time may be lea:'ned.
It consisted of such substantial materials
80S bending and unbending nails, as usual,
wrought nails and "pikes of all sizes, ox
traces and cable chain!!', tin, double and
single sheet iron, sheet Lrass and copper,
bar hoC)p, bolt and iron of aU sizes. shear,
blister and cast steel, with a.n a.sortmen t of
such (foods as cordaKe, oakum, tar pitch
aud rosin and patent macbines for shellin

corn. .Money Leing scarce, Mr. Harr;s
issued scrip redeemable by himself
which passed current through the town.
'lhese were of the denomination of 7ld.,
Is. 3d. and 2
. 6d. cy. They were about the
size of the presE:nt Dominion CUI n:ncy bil's
and popularly known 80S shinp1asters. tbus
showing that that word much anteda
s the
civil war in the United States where it is com-
monly
upposed it had its origin. Mr. Harris
did a very ext.enSIve business for many
years. His store was supposed to be fire
proof. Tbie belief prevailed to "ueh an t'X-
tent during the great fire of 1849 ia the store

. RKS OF TORú:r..TO.
T AÞ.D:\IA

14

144

LANDMARKS OF TOROXTO.

124 King st.reet ea.st tha.t no effort was made
to remove the contents of tbe huildinu. For
a Ion,! time it re!listed the flames, but at
length fell a. y!ctim and every thin:; wa
de-
stroyed. After this rlisaster Mr. Harris
retired from business. In the year 1841
a great fire had raged In the western
part of t.he town destroyin
the western half
of the block boundf.'d by K:n
, York, Pearl,
ihen Boulton and Bay streets. Mr. Harris
at the time of that confl1.
ration was chief of
the fire brigade and ha.d been. for several
years, but immediately after the fire he
resigned his offi.oe, and Robert Beard was
appo:ntlèd as his øuccessor. It IS related
t;hat once Mr. Harris, who for twenty-five
yearø was churchwarden of St. James', nar-
rowly escap
d a d'l.ngerous persomll encoun.
ter with Geor,!e Duggan over tbe removal of
øome .L0mbardy poplars which stood in
front of the church on the King street side.
The vestry had resolyed that they should be
destroyei, and Mr. Harris carried out their
deci.8ion in the matter not without risk to
himself. A humourÐWI Ï!ICÏdent once re-
sulted from the prellentation by Mr. Harris
of a set of colours to the John \Vatkins, a
schooner commanded by Captain Thew ply-
ing between York and NiaKara, the colours
being given by Mr. Harriø in honour of his
old friend, whose name the boat bore. In
80me way it happened that these colours were
made of the particular patt.ern which ves-
sels in the Rcyal service are alone allowed
to carry. One day while the John Wat
ins
was lying securely moored in the Killgston
harbour gaily flolunting her I),e", colours
Captain Thew was astonished to find his
vessel board! d by a body of man-of-w-ar's-
men from a neighbourin
British war ship,
who hauled down and se;zðd the fla.gs flying
from her ma.st;s as the exclul'ive in!-ignia of
the Royal Navy. The flags Were afterward
restored to Captain Thew on his explana-
tion of the case. After the retirement ( f
Mr. Harr:s from businf'.8s he Was appointed
harbour master of Toronto, and occupied
that position up to the time of his death,

CHAPTER L.
UPPERCANADACOLLEG

'l'be HiaCory of Ch.. Edn("ftClMu,. ID!ltUnUon
E!ltabli"tled by Sir John t;olborne ",Uh a
I!Ilu'Cc.b 01 Ua Fountler and Hi. Pnblle
lerTleeø.
The circumstances attending the origin of
UppE'1" Canada College and Royal Grammar
School, the original name of this educational
institution are these : In the yeu 1798 agrant
of 549,000 acres of lanà from the public do-
maio wa.a made 1>y the Crown in respon.!e to

a joint a(ldress of the Legislative Council
a.nd Assembly of Upper Canada wh:ch prav-
ed tha.t His Maj"sty would be
pleased to direct his Gow':-nmont in the
provirwe to appropriate a certain
portion of the lal1d1> (f the Crown as a fund
for educational purposes, includinfl' the es-
tablishment and supjnrt of a r
sp:!Ctable
Grammar school in each district thereoi and
also a coilege or university for the ia'struc-
tion of youth in the d,ff..rent branehes of
liberal knowledge. The p:ovince at tha.t
time was divided into four districts. Of
the above mentiomd lands 190,573 acres
were assig,
ed by the Impel ial G,wernment
to a general Hoard of E ;llcation of the
Province, esta.blished ia 1823 for the sup-
port of Gramma.r alld Common schoolQ. lu
1826 there were three hundred a.nd fifty
common school
, and eleven dist: ict or
Grammar schoo's in the province, the form-
er having an attendance of eight thousand
pupils and the :at er of about tht ee hun-
dred. The residue of the gra.nt, which
was 358,427 acree, was re
arded by the pro
vincial ,!overnment &8 "pplicable to the :;up
port of the contemplated UI iversity, and an
exchange was made by the Imperial Govern-
ment of Crown reserves of an equal quantity
of land with the view of securing the imme-
oiate estahlishment of the Univcraity. It is
to Sir J0nn Colborne, one of the ({r6atest
governors of tbis province tbat Upper Cana-
da College largely owes its establishment.
In October 1828 his predecessor, Sir Pere-
grinto :Maitland, who was on the point of
leaving Upper Canar1a, having been appoint-
ed to the
overnment of Nova Scotia.
paid York an invo'ulltary visit. He
W1\S on his way to Niagara, journeying
!r(lm Quebec, through the Rideau Canal,
when a storm having arÏl,en on the
lake, the royal yacht Bullf:'o,,", Commodore
Barrie commanàing-, was forced to put in
York harbour. The f:ame paper which
chronicled the dt partnre of Sir Peregrine
Maitlal1d :1nnounced that the ship Corinthi-
an h.d arrived in New York, and tl'e N:..
ara
Gleaner saY3 that on Monday, November
10th, "His Excellency Sir John C.lborne
paid a visit to the Fal 8. His 0wn carri 'I!e,
drawn by four fpirited hor;;es, furnished by
Mr. Chrysler, carried his Excellency's ady,
her a:ster, MIRS YOIJ/;{c, and five chi dren.
His Excellency \'Vent on horseba
k, accnm-
pani d bV Captain Phirpotts, of the Royal
Engineers. III the m antime the steamer
Canada went to Lew;ston, took in his Ex.
cellency's luggage, and was ready to receive
hi
Exc\'llt ncy and family at an ear'y hour
on Tu'_ sday morning. On the departl1,.e of
the vessel a salute wa.s fired from Fori
George." Tho Gleaner adds that It his

LANDMAßKS OF TORONTO.

145

Excellency was highly gratifiE'd with the
first view of tbe province and the friendly
reception he met with, also the good things
he partook of at the hotel, much of which
was th.' p;'oduct of the proyince." Sir John
Cn
borne was a distjn
ui-hed military
officer. Dr. Scaddin
says 1', ({d.rding him:
"We remember his first passing up the
central aisle of St. Ja.mes' church, He had
arrived early in an uno
ntatious way, and
on comüa
within the buildins;r he quietly in-
quired of the first pel'::,on "hem he saw
sittin'1' in a seat near the door which WØA
the G
vernor's pew. The 'Centlema.n ad.
dresaed happened to be Mr. Ber-
liard Turqaand, who quickìy recogniz-
ing the inquirer, stood up and
extended his right arm and open hand in
the direction of tht: cAnopied pew, ovcr
which was susp'nded the ta.blèt bearing the
royal arms. Sir John and some of his family
..fter him then passed on to the place indi-
ca.ted. At school," continues Dr Scadding,
.. is an edition of Goldsmith, then in use,
the name of Major Colb:-rce, in connect.ion
with the account of Sir J onn Moore's death
at Corunna, had already been obø"rved, and
it was with UII lads a ma.tter of intense in-
terest tiO learn that the new Governor was
the same per:,on. The scene which was
epitomized in the school-book is J!iven
at greater length in Gleig's
Lives of Eminent British Militarv
Commanders. The followin({ are some par'-
ticula.rs froll'1 Colonel Anderson's narrative
in that work: -' I Mf"1 the General,' Colo-
npl Anderson !laYII, 'on the evening of the
16th, bringing in a. b.anket and sashes. :ae
knew me Immediatel),
hough it wasalmo.;t
dark, I!Iqueezed me by the
and and said
, Anderson, don't leave me.' At itÜervø.18
he added 'Anderaon, you know that I have
always wished to die in this way. I hope
the people of England will be satisfied. I
hope my country will do me justice. You
will see my friends as l:Ioon 80S you Can. l'ell
them everything. I have made my will and
have remembered my servant. Colborne
has my will and all my papers.' Major
Colborne now came into the room. He said
most kindly to him and then said to Mr.
Anderson, . &member you
o to - and
tell him it is my rt:quest, and that I expect
he will give Major Colborne a lieutcnant-
colonelcy.' He thanked the surgeons for
thE'ir trouble. He pressed my hand
lose
to his body and in a. few minutes died
withoat a struggle. He had been s";ruck by
a. canaon b Ill. The shot, we are toid, had
completely crushed his shou
der, the arm
was hanging by a piece of skin, and the
ribs over the heart, besides being broken,
were litera.lly stripped of flesh. Yet, the
10

narrator adds, he sat uvon the field collect-
ed and un repining as if no ban had struck
him, and as if he were placed.
wh
re he Wa!1 for the !Dere
purpose of repollin
for a brIef spa.ce
ff( m the fatigue of hard riding. Sir John
Colborne himself afterwards, at Ciuda.d
Rodrigo, came within a hair's breadth of .
similar fate. Hi,; right shoulder wa
shat--
tered by a ca.nnon shot. The ell
ape of the
right arm from amputation on the fi9ld at
the hands of S0me prompt military surgeoD
Oll. ttt...t öcca8i
n was a marve). The limb
wa.s saved, though greatly diablfd. Th.
want of symmetry- in Sir John Colborne'.
tall and gram ful f()rm perma.nently occa-
sioned by this injury wall crm,picuous to the

SIR JOHN COLBOR.NE-LORD SEATON.
eye. 'Ve happ':lled to be pr
sent in the
Council chamber at Quebec in 1838 at the
moment when this noble-looking soldier
literally vacated the vice-regal cbair and
installed his
uccessor, Lord Durham. in it
alter a1iministering to him the oaths," The
exchan
e was not for the bctter in a scenio
point of view although the featu'es oi Lord
Durham as his well kuown portra.it shows,
were very fine, suggestive of the poet or
artist. Of late years a monument has been
erected on Mount \-Vise at Plymouth, in
honour of the illustrious miìitary <:hie; and
pre-eminently excellent ma.n whose memory
ha.s lust been recalled to us. It is a sta.tue
of bronze by Adams, a little la.rger th.an
life, and the likenetls is admirably pre.
served. When seen on horseba.ek at parade
or reviews soldiers ø.lways averred th&t he

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

pat:y resembled h the Duke." Dr. Henry,
in h Trifles from my Portfolio," thus wrote
of him in 1833. .. When we first dined
at Government House we were
struck by the strong re3f'mb'ance 11 >
bore to the Duke of WeUington
and there is also, Dr. Henry continues,' a
great similarity in mind and di
positioD as
well as in the lineaments of the face. In
one p:àrticular they harmonize perfectly,
namely, great simplicity of character and
an utter dislike to show ostenta.tion.' On
the iour sides of the granite pedestal of the
statue on Mount \Yise are to be read the
following IIlscriptions: in frollt, ' Jolm
Colborne, B tron Seaton, Borne MDCCLXX
VB I, Died MOCCCLXIIl," on the righ.
side, "Canada, Ionian Islands," on the left
gile .. Peninsula, Waterloo," on the remain-
ing side: "In Memory of the Distinguished
Career and Stain,o?ss Character of Field Mar-
shal Lord. Seaton,G C.B..G.C..M.G.,G,C.H..
This Monument is er
cted by his Frienns
and Comraflfs." Accompanying the fa.mily
of Sir John Co, borne to their place in the
church at York was to be seen every Sun-
day for some time H. shy-mannered, black.
eyed. It!l.lian featured Mr. Jeune, tutor to
the Governor's sons. This was after" ards
the eminent Dr, Jeune, master of Pembroke
College at Oxford. a great promoter of re-
fOi'm in that university and Bishop of Lin-
coln. Sir John himself was a man of
scholarly tastQ
, a
rea.t student of history
and a practical modern Europ
an :inguist.
Through a casual circum-tance it is sa.id that
full praise was not publicly given at the time
to the regiment commanded by Sir J olm
Colborne. the 52nd, for the particular
service rtndered by it at the battle
of'Vaterloo. By the independent direction
of their leader the 52nd made a sudden fl.a.nk
movement at the c:-isis of the fight and
initiated the final di;::comfiture of which
the Guards
ot the sole praise. At the close
of the day when the Duke oi \Veliington
was ra.pidly conlltructing his despatch Col.
Colborne was inquired for by him and could
not for the moment be found. The in-
formation evidently desired
as thns not to
be had and the document wall completed and
tient off without a special mention of
the 52nrl's dppd of "derring do," During
the life- time of the great Duke there was much
re'icence among the military authorities in
regard to the battle of Wa*erloo from the
faét that the Duke himself did
not encoura.ge discu8sion on the sub-
ject. All was well that had ended
well appeared to have been hie
doctrine. He once checked an incipIent
dispute in rega.rd to the great ennt of the
18th of June between two friend" in his

1.7

presence by the comma.nd half-joc:1le, half-
earne8t, "You ìeave the battle of \Va.terloo
alone!" He gave :f60 for a private letter
written by himself to a friend on the eve of
the battle, a.nd was heard to say all he threw
the document into the fir!', "Wha.t a fool
was I wben I wrote that!" Since the death
of the Duke an officer of the 52nd, Bubs
.
quently in holy orders, the Rev. \Villiam
Leeke has devoted two volumes to the
history of the 52nd or Lord Seaton's res;ri.
ment in which i:s movements on the fielã of
\Va.terloo a:'e fully detailed. And Co
onel
Chesney in his "\Vaterloo Lectures, a Study
of the Campaign of 1815." has set the great
battle in a new light and has demoli
hed
sE-veral En'{lish and French tra,Jit'ons III
relation to it brin'{ing out into g.'eat promin-
ence the SCI v;ccs rendered by Blucher anù
the Prussians. The Duke's personal sensi-
tiveness to criticism w"s shown on another
occasion. \Vhen Colonel Gurwood suddenly
died, he. through the police, took posse3sion
of the Colonel's pa.pers and especially of a
manuscript of table talk and other area
designed for publication and which had it
not been on ttJc instant ruthless'y destroyed
would have bel'n as interesting probably a_
B03WPU'S. On Lord S2aton's ueparture from
Cap.ada he was successiveiy Lord High Com-
missioner of the Ionian Islands and Com-
mandLr-in-Chief in Ireland. He then retired
to hIs own elltate in the west of England.
where he had a beautifullleztt in the midst
of the calm, rural, inlal
d scenery of D2von-
shire, not far from P,ympton. and on the
slope descending southward from the sum-
mit of Dartmoor. The name of the house is
Beechwood, from the num rous, clean, bold,
magnificent beech trees that adorn its
grounds, and give character to the neilZh-
bourhood generaily. In the adjoining viI.
Llge of Spark well he erected a. handsome
school house and church. On his dEc
ase a.t
Torquay in 1863 his remains were deposited
in the church at Ne\vton Ferr,"rs. the
ancient tamily burying place of the Y ongel.
Mrs. Ja.m .eson's words in her .. Will tel'
Stories and Summer Rambles," express
briefly but truly tl1f' report which aU that
remember him would give of this distin-
guished and ever memorable Governor of
Ua.nada.
SirJohn Colborn!! she8ays, incidentally in
the introduction to the wo, k just named.
whose mind appeareà to me cast in the anti.
que mould of chivalrous hononr and whom I
never heard mentioned in either Province
but with respect and veneration. Dr.
Henry in " Trifles from my Portfolio," once
before reierred to uses simil",r language. "I
believe" he says "there never was asoldier of
more perfect moral character than Sir Johu

148

LAND
L\RKS OF TOROXTO.

Colborne, a Bayard without gasconade as
well 8Ø sans peur et san,' ,.eproche." The
title II S aton" we may add was taken from
the name of an" ancient seaport town of
Devon,the MorirlunumoftheRom:m pe"iod."
Befole the arriva! of Sir John Colborne
at York eùucational affairs had received
& good deal of attention from the people of
the province and at the beginnin.
of his ad-
mini,tration a
reat imp3tus "as given to
the cause of learning by the estab i"hm3nt
of a more advanced educd.tional ins
i
ution
than haù hitherto existf'd here _ It had
lonl! been considered advisab!e to aff,Jrd fa-
ciliti<:'s to the youth of Upper Canada for
obtaining a l'Qore thorough e .ucation than
was to be had
t such insti
utions as the
Home D
"trict Grammal' School which up to
the year 1829 was the most advanced edu
a-
tional institution in York. There was a
good deal of discussion on the subject; pub-
lic fl'elin'{ was aroused and several peri,
tions were presented in the legislature.
The outcom
of the discussion wai that Up-
per Canada Colle
e was established by an
order of the Provincial Go\'ernment. }',om
its name and the circumstancEs attending
its foundation, U rp
r Canada College was
intendel to meet a provincial want in
higher education. In the sprin
of 1829 it
had been determined to proceed at once
with the erection of suitable bùildings, and
in the Loyalist of May 2nd of tha.t year
occurs the following advertisement:-
,. Minor College. Sealed tender;:; for erect-
ill
a school-house and four dwelling-houses
will be nceived on the first Monday of June
next. Plans, elevations and sp

ifications
may be seen after the 12th inst. on applica-
tion to the Hon. Geo. Markl<l.nd, from
wh')m further information will be received.
Editor" throughout tht! province are re-
qU'3sted to insert this notice until the first
Monday in JunE', and forward their accounts
for the sum to the officI:: of the Loyalist." In
the Uppe1' Oanada Gazette of D
cember 17,
1829, this advertisemt:nt is primed:-
.. U pp3r Canada. ColIf
e, established at
York. VisiTor, the Lieutenant Gûvernor
f'lr the tim' being. This co
le,!e will op?n
aftH the app!'oaching Christmas vacation,
on )lon<1a" the 8
h of Ja.nuary, 183Q, under
the conduct of the mast'rs appointed at
Oxforù by the Vice-Chancellol. and other
electon in JUly last, .Principal, the Rev.
J. H Harri!", D. D., late Fellow
of li
l1.re Hall, Cambridge. Clas-ical D<>p Irt-
ment; Vic..-Princip1.1, the Rev. T. Phi'lips,
D.D" of Queel1'''; College, Cambridgð; Fir:;t
Clas8ical Master, the R..v. Chas, Mathews,
.\1. A., of Pembroke Hall, Cambrido;e;
SecoUlI Classical Master, th
R..v. \V. Boul.
on, B. A., of Queen's ColIetzt', Oxford;

.Mathematical Departmpnt, the Rev. Chas.
Dade, M.A_. Fellow of Cain's College, Cam
btldge, and late Math
matical Master at
Eliz
beth College;
"rench, Mr, J. P. De La
Haye; English, \Vri'i"g and Arithmetic,
Mr. G. A. Barber and Mr. J. Padfield i
Drawing
iaster, ,Mr. Drury. Signed, G.
H. Markland, secl'et;\ry to the Board l f
Education." Sir John Colborne on his
arrival h Upper Canada was fresh from
the governor,,;hip of Guernsey, one of the
Channe
Islands. During his administra..
tion there he had revived a dC'cayed publio
8chool now known as Eliz lbeth College.
R 'ing of opinion that the new country to
which he had been transferred was not lipe
for a unive'sity on the scale contemplated
in a royal charter which had been procured
he addre8sed himse'f to the establishment
of an institutiC'n which should meet the
university wants of the community. Be-
tween the scho)l or" minor college" as it
was p)pularly called, whieh resulted from
this decisIOn of Rir John and the institut:on
which he had recenely been engaged in re-
viving, there {xis
s a v
ry close connection
and some particulars in regard to the Chan-
nel
chool may not be out of place in view
of its rela.tion to t he Canadian Institution.
Elizabeth ColI ge, Guernsðy, was originally
called the "SchoJI of Queen Eli:63.beth" a.s
h1.ving been fOl1D0ed under letters patent
trom that :Sovereign in 1563 to be a " Gram-
mar schoo], in which th
youth of the hland
may be better instructed in good learning
and virtue." The tèmple or church of the
Eouppressed Order of Grey Fria.rs-Fr;ars,
Minors or Conleliers-with its immediate
precincts, was assigned for its u>;e, together
with ei
hty quarters of wheat rent accruing
from lands in different parts of the island,
which h.ld been given to the friar", for d s-
pE:nS,1 tions, maS!ies and obit>!. By the
statutes 0: 1563 the 8chool wa,> diviòed into
six c
as
es a.ml books, and exercises were

'ppointed respectivdy for each, the scholars
to be admitted b .ing requir
d to read
p
r
.ectly and to recite an approved cate-
chi;:;m of the Christian relio;ion by heart. In
all tlw six dassei the Latin and Greek 1-111-
guagee were the primary obj.ects of instruc-
tion, but the sta ute!! permitted the master
at hi'! discretion to add something of hi
own
and to cotlcede som
thing for writin
, sing-
ing, a.rithmetic and a littl 'p'ay. For more
than two centuries the school proved of
little public utility. In 1799 thel'e was
but one pupil in the estab ishment.
In 1816 there were no scho]a.r;;:. From
that date to 1824 the number fluctuated
from 15 to 29. In 1823 Sir John Col.
bo:-ne app::.dnted a committee to iuve>>ti.
gate all thJ cir.::umøtanct's connected with

_ LANDMARKS O F
____ TùRONTO

150

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the school and to ascertain the best mode of and classical scholar, one of
assuring its future permanent Efficiency and ;/;:20 per annum for four year.
prosperity without perv. r. ing the intention from 1830 to the best classical scholar given
of the foundress. The relSult oÏ this was a by Sir John Colborne in 1828, and two from
new building figured at a cost of ;1;:14,754 2s the lower to the upper school of six pounds
3d, the toundation stone being per annum for one year or more, founded by
la.id by Sir John in 1826. the directors in 1829. Naturally the system
On Au"ust 28th, 1829, the revived institu- upon which the new Upper Cl\lllloda College
tion was publicly open d with one hundred was modelled was that which was then
and twenty pupils. Un that day, III the adopted in most of the "reat public schoo'.
a.b.ence of the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir in Engla.nd. The classes were first opened
John Colborne, who was then in Cana.dli, on the 8th of January, 1830, in the bui!dinK
General ROSB, ,he ba.iliff and jarats on Adelaide street, which had formerly been
of the island, headed by a proces., uped as the Horn!" District Grammar School
sion -consi::!ting oÌ the Principal, Vice- Prin- Here it cuntinued for more than a yellor. In
cipal and othel' m1.
ters and tutors of the the summer of 1831 the rauge of buildings
school, together with the Echolars, rep'tired represented in the first of the accompanying
to St. Peter's church, when prayers were skt-tches was completed, and the in-
read by the Dean, Dr. Durand, and the l'e stitution was remoyed to the sitf'
lJeum and other antHems were sung. Thl y which it has since occupied,
then returned to thc college, where, in the opposite Gove; nment House, whati was
spacious examinat;oll hall, a. crowded DS- ori"inally a very broken piece of ground
sembly was alÌdressell by the bailiff and denominated Rus
ell Squarf'. In the mes-
presiàent director, Daniel De Lisle Brock. sage of the Litutenant-GClvprnor to the
Colonel De Havilland. the Vice-President, Lej;{islative Assembly in 1831 it js stated
and the Rev. G. Proctor, B.D,. the new that from the original gla.nt of land by the
principaL on the antiquitv,obJects, apparent Crown 66,000 acres had been set ap;trt for
pro::-pects and future efficiency Qf the insti- the support of Upper Canada. College and
tution. Under the new Sv!!!tem the work of Royal Grammar School. The management
eàucation was carried on by a princip:lI, oÎ' Upp
r Canada College Was from its
Tice-principal, a first and st-conll classical foundation in 1829 until Mar ch. 1833,
master, a mathematical master, a ma.ster under t
1e control of its own board
a.nd assistant of the lower school, a commer- of directots and trustees, when by an
cial master, two French masters and an order of the Lieut. nant-Governor it
assi8tant, a master of àrawing amI survey- was transferred to the council of Kin:;:'s
in
, besides extra masters for the Germau, Cclle
e, and by the Act of 1837 wag incor-
Italian and Spanish language
, and for porated with and formed &.n appendage of
mUlSic, dancinS!' and fencing. The course of the Univer
ity of King's College, subject to
instruction for the day scholars and those its jurisdiction, and it thus remained until
on the foundation included divinity, history, thefirstofJanuary, 1850. when the University
gEography, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French. Act of 18!9 came into force, which, while
E:lg1ish mathematics, arithm tic and "frit- declaring that the College was an appendage
ing at a charge in the tJpper Echool of the University, conÏerred upon it the
ot three pounds a quarter, and in management by its own council. subject to
the lower or prepa.ratory school of one the authority of the hel),d of the University,
pound a. quarter. Fer drawing and survey- as to the disaìlowance of any sta.tute or
inu fifteen shillings a qU'l.rter extra were rule; also with an Endowment Board. By
charged. The tel ms for private Echolars the Act d 1853, Uppel' Canada College was
inc[udin
all college ducs and subscriptions placed under the 'control and management of
for exhibitions and prizes of medal::! varied the Senate of the University, with power to
fro m ;/;:60 annually with the principal. of make statutes for the good governm, nt and
;f46 annually, with the first c assical regulation of the college, and for the prin-
ma8ttor. The exhibil i'lDs in the revived dpal and mastel's and the fees and general
institution were one of ;/;:30 a year for four management of the business and affairs gen.
years founded by the Governor of Guernsey eral:y. Under this authorityacommitlieeap'
in 1826 to the best classical Echolar a native of pc,inted by the Senate, consisting of five mem-
the bai,iwick or son of a na.rive,four for four bers eonstitutl:'B the Board of Mana
ement
yea.rs of at least 1:20 per annum founded by of the cOllege, Trhich is entrusted with the
subscription in 1826 to the best Ecnolars admini8tration of its financial affa.irs, so far
seve ra.Ly in diviDlty, c
a
sics, mathematics as re"ards the dispodtion of its income, and
a.nd modern lan
t1ages, one for fom' years of subject to the Lieutenant-Governor in Coun-
:1:20 per annum founded in 1827 by Admiral cil a.s to the capital and endowmt-nt. In
Sir Ja.mes Saumanz to the best theological the constitution of thil'l committee the Chiln-

LA
DMAR.KR OF TORONTO.

15 1

c lIor Bnd Vice-Chancellor are membprø ex-
"ftkio, anù three members are elected by
th... St'nate. The grounds and buil -lings
cover an area of ten acres. During the
first fin years of its existence the C.).
ege
wa...q endowed with 268 acres of land, ex-
clusive of the block on which it is built, and
of another valuable block o! land in Toron-
to. It also received a grant from tile Pro-
vincial Exchequer of ;(200 in 1830, ;(500 in
1831, and ;(1,000 per annum for several sub-
seqnent years. The establishment has eyer
since its foundation enjoyed a high reputation
as a seat of learning, and the di
tingnished
success of its pupils at our uniyer51ties and
in various walks oÏ life has often been com-
mented upon. Many of the most prominent
men in the Dominion owe their ea.rly tram-
ing to Upper Canada College.
The inl'ltitution has now been in existence
for sixty years. Some years ago it began to
be apparent that its accommodation and ap-
pointments were inadequate to its r( qui e-
ments. Enlarged aud improved accommo-
dation became an absolnte necessl:y, if the
College was to meet the demands of the
('ountry, and to mamtain its reputation and
efficiency unimpaired. Not onÏy was ad-
ditional room neefled for educational pur-
poses, but therf' was an imperative need of
additional lJol\hling accommodation, and
also of additional t, ac}..ers.
In the winter of 1876 7 a committee of the
SenatP., consisting of the Hon. the Vice-
Cl:1ancellor, Chief Justice Moss, Colonel
Gz,'w
ki, Hon. Justice Morrison, a'ld Jud'te
Boyd, wa
formed to consider the best
means of securing additional iacilities, Q,nd
early in the spring this committee presentld
its rep_1rt. The report recommended the
. carrying out of many improvements. the
cost of which w&s estimatpd not to exceed
$50,000. In an exhaustive report addressed
by [he Vice.Chancel.or to the Honourable
the Provincial Secretary it was shown that
the income of the College might be inve3ted
in a m;>nner which, while perfectly safe,
would yet be much more productiye, an(l
that the increase of reyenue they acquired
would be quite sufficient to pay interest
0[' the amouut borrowed from capital or
raised by the way of loan without imp
ir'
iog. and. indeed, with eyery prospect of im-
proving. the efficiency of the educational
dep:utment. It was suggested, too. with
the view of enlarw.ng the character of the
College as a Provinci ,1 in;;titution. anå of
meetin't the constantly increasing demand
for admission from pupils in the country,
that the masters' residences on the east side
of the College should be converted into
boarding-houses by th.p ereotion of a
mansarù roof, and of an additional

buildin't in the rear two stories hi'th.
oÏ which the ground Hoor could sene &I a
dining-room and the first Hoor &8 apartments
for servants. A detached building in the
rear was also converted into a sanatarium.
to which rupils affiicted WI th severe illness
or contagious diseases might be at once re-
moved and placed under the specia.l care of
the medical attendant. with such assistance
as might be deemed nec
ssary. The final
result of the committee's action was the
erection of the additional buildings which
appear in the second of our illustrations.
Th
y WE're completed and first occupied in
the month of April. 1877. The architect
was
lr. G. W. Lloyd. of Sandwich, whose
plans were drawn and executed under the
supervi..ion of ,Mr. Kivas Tullv, of the Pro-
v neial Department of Public Works.
The original collegE: buildilJg wiH be re-
membered by many residents of Toronto.
It wa!i a building of p
ain led
brick, about eighty feet in depth by eighty.
two feet wld
, two storeys in height, wirh

quare, wije windows. wirhout any preten-
SIOns to architectural effect. The old build-
ing is still retained in its entirety. but in
front of it has been erected an imposing
addition eighty-five feet front by forcy,four
feet in d, ptlt, two stony.s in height, with a
high Freuch roof. The principa.l entrance
is in the centre of the front, giving a.cceS8
to a hall fourteen feet wide, running the en-
tire depth of the united buildings. On
either side on the ground floor is a large
clMs-room forty. two feet by thirty-three
feet. Openmg on to the centre hall is a sl<1e
hall nineteen feet wide, forming a .,.ide en-
trance, and containing also the -principal
stair-case, seven fect in width. giving access
to the first floor above, The wholc of the
firgt floor of the new addition is devoted to
the purposP. of a chapel or general colle
e
hall. and is a magnificent room, eiihty-two
feet long by forty-two feet in width, twenty-
eight feet high, fiui;;hed in
enuine collp-
J?:iate style. The roof is Gothic. supported
by eIght timber principals. with bold open-
work curved ribs !;pringing from corbels in
the walls. The cpiling is di vided by panels
by moulded ribs, with filling in oÏ diagolll\l
boarding, and rich moulded cornice all round
-all fil1ishe
to show the natural wood. The
hall is lighted on three sidt's by thirteen
large mullioned windows. and the remaining
side is devoted to the reception of the tablets
commemorating the scholastic
riumphs of
ma.ny of Canada's foremost men. both of past
and present days, and to excellent life-s;ze
portraits of the founders of the Col!ege. and
(,f the various principals since its founda-
tion. A high,ma.ssive waimcotting of wood
runs around the room. a.nd the oak Hoor ill

152

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

arranged in platforms of Yaryin
height capa.ble of containing so many, the number
round the central flo('r "pace. The
old in eacb c]as3 is strictly limit
d, in order
building has been re-modelled and re-fitted that the pupils may enjoy the combined ad-
Ihroul{hout with new windows and floors yantages of a priyate and pnblic achool
tLnd every necessity of school !Fe, and now edncat:O:J, and that, by the strict attention
CQntains on the gronnd floor, six c1ass rooms being pa'd to the peculiar disposition of
varying in size from thirty-thrt'e by forty-two each pnp:l, he may be not only imbued with
to thirty-two by ninete
n feet, begides the principles of a high-toned m<lrality, but
laboratory and senate room, and on the first led to exemplify these in daily life. This
ßoor four class rooms, LoWO thirty-eight hy desirable object is further secured by the
thirty-two and two thirty-two by twenty- boys being under superyision in the
eight feet, and also 110 library and reading- play-ground, The colle
e is divided into
ro(m for senior pupil8. The new roof of six form;; or classes, and the regular curri-
the old building contains three large music culum extends over six years' course of
and drawing-rooms and space for yarious study; thouc:h, by steady application and
other pmposes. In the basement of the hard study some boy" are able to pass
new building is a large play rClom and the through the SIX forms in fiye or even four
furnaces for heating. The provision for years. The full curriculum embraces I\n ex-
beating and ventilation is of the most effec- t, nded cour
e in Latin, Greek, Mathematics.
tiye and thorou
h character, hot air fur- French, German, Engiish Grammar, Litera-
naces being employed and 110 system I ture and Ccmpo:,;ition, History and Geo-
of capacious main fresh air ducts graphy, both ancient and modern, experi-
and, xhaust flues communicating with ex- mental Ch ml:,;try, Physiology, Biblical
haust shafts, in which a draft is maintained Knowlerlge, the usual Commercia] Branches,
by carryin't up ill them the smoke pipes of Drawing, Music, Gymnastics, Fencing and
the furnaces ensure at all times an ampie DrIll Exercises, Pupils may ent
r at any
Impply of pure air. The whole of the time and at any period of thp. course, but
drainage also was remodelled and put in the best time to enter is at the commence-
perfect condition. The exterior of the ment of the session in Sep ember, when the
building is àesigned in a modified Elizabe- clas
e8 are remodelled for the year. The
than style, and bas a marked collegiate qualification for admission into the first or
character with consid
rable picture
que lowest form is, that the intendinp; pupil
effect in detail and general treatment. The possess a fair knowledge of Engli!<h Read-
windows have arched beads with mullioned ing, Spelling, Writine, and the first four
and tlal'som frames, divided by vertical rules of Arithmetic. Pupils ought to enter
pier3 in the brick work, with ornamental the first torm about ten or eleven years of
holÌzont'll bands of stone work and moulded age, though they may be received at an
string courses. The angle piers are c!l.rried e1\rlirr age if qualified. Applicants for ad-
up and tinished with high pinnacles, which mission to the higher forms are subjected,
serve a'so 6S chimneys an:J ventIlating if necessary, to an examination correspond-
shafts. The centra.l projectio'l is finisht:d ing to the form for which their preyious
with a gable with omamenta] copings and general studies may have fitted them. Four
finials, and frontispiece marking the princi- great examinations, oral and written, take
pal entrance, flanked with columns carrying place during the collegiate session :-lst.
a rich]y moulded and ca.rved pediment, with The Christmas examination, in modern Ian-
the arms of the colle
e aboTe the doorway. guages and science, du1"Ïng the three days
A steep pitched FrEnch roof, with rich preceding the Christnl:ls holidays. 2nd. The
cresting
crowning the whole, is broken up Spring examination, in classics and
by gables dorm
r windows and open work mathem:l.tics, from the 1st to the 4th
parapets, and in the centre is a bell turret February. 3rd. The Grammar examina-
of hanàsome design, terminated with vane tion, on the two days pI'eceding tho Queen's
and flae:staff, rising to a total hei[!ht of one Birthday. 4th. The Promotion ex-
hundred feet. The exterior of the old build- ammation, for one week or longer, to-
in
was also re-modelled in all its details, wards the end of June immediatdy preced-
and in character harmonizing with the new. in't the Midsummer holidays, Those pnpils
An entIre new roof.
imilar but! somewhat who fail at this promotion examination, in
plainer in detail, was put on. any or all of the subjects, may, if i'; be de-
The yearly prospectus, issued under the sired, be re-examined at the opening of the
authority of the college, giTes iull par
icu- College on September 1st. Five exhibitions
:ars as to the conrse of instruction, disci- are competed for annually in subjects (f the

line and examinations. From this pro- fourth form, and five in subjects of the fifth
;pectus it appears that the college can BC- form. Successful comp,titors aTe entitl-
commodate three hundred pupils. Though ed to free tuition for one Yt'ar.

LANDMAß.KS OF TORONTO.

153

No one whose age will exceed 17 on the
30th June of the yeal' iu which the examin-
ation is held can comp
te in the subjects of
the fourth form. The ex lminations are
entirely conducted by gentlemen wholly
unconnec
e
with the college. A certificate
of good conduct. signed by the head master
of the school fmm which the ca.ndldate
cornell, is in all cases requisite.
The princIpal prizes given at UpFer Can-
ada College are the GovernOl'-General's
prize, the mathematical prize. the classical
priz1 and the Eng:ish prize. 'rhese al'c in
addition to the four exhibitions or scholar-
ships, whi
h are also competed for each
year. Another prize is the J. Ross Robert-
son prize or prizes. These priz
s are eleven
in number. one in each class of the Col1eee,
a.nd are therefore competed for by the en-
tire college. The priz
s consist of from one
hundred to a hundred and fifty volumes.
and one given for general proficiency in all
suLjf'cts except classics and forei
1I lan-
gua
es. The competition for th 'se priz 's is
very keen and creates the greatest rivalry
amongst the pupiÙl. Within two years
Upper Ca.nada College will be removed from
its present site to the )Jew site selected for
it by the Minister of Education, in D
er
Park, at the head of Avenue road, on the
Baldwin estate. just outside of the northern
Jimits of the city of Toronto. This is the
highest land about Toronto. l'he reason
for this change is that the college has out-
grown its site. The ten acres about the
present college buildings have
rown to be
very valuable proper y. estimated now to be
worth over three qU3.rters of cl million dollars.
The University, which ha.s the control of
thIs land, will ground-rent it. The terms of
the agreement between tbe University and
the College are that the University IS to
give the College thirty acres for its new
buill1ing. put up and (quip the edifice and
erll!ow the College to the amount of $100,-
000. 1'he University will thus obtain by
this arrangement from the propPl'ty and the
endowmel,t upwards of $800,000, aft. I'
eqnipping and t'ndowing the new college at
Deer Park.
The neW' grounds are beautifully situated.
and portions are well wooded with oak and
maple, tbe ground rising
ently tow'Ãrds the
north and standing well up over the sur-
roundin" country. with a pleasant outlook
in every direction. The buiiding is to be
placed on the highest elevation, and will
have a view over the city to Lake Ontario.
The property fronts on Clinton avenue,
which h to be block paved and increased to
one hnnrlred f
et wide and planted with
shade trees, and Avenue road, wh'ch is to
be increaaed to a width of one hundre,l and

twenty-iive feet ILIld made a fine driveway
from the city, terminates at the centre of
the property, the new college facing this
street. The grounds will be tastefully laid
out with driveways and walks. etc., and
pJanted with sha.de trees, ample reom being
reserved for recreation and exercise grounds,
cricket creases, ball grounds, lawn tennid
courts. etc. The plan of the new b'.1iUing,
which was de:signed by Mr. Gf.'orge F. Du-
rand, arch; teet, of London, Ontario, is
ready, and ful y approved. One hundred
and thirty thouund dollars has been ap-
propriated toward the erection of the buil -
in2. Tne work is to be completed by
August 1890.
The plan of the new college building is
arranged in the form of a hollow rectangu' ar
parallelogram, being 250 feet front by 165
feet deep; the quadrangle in th8 centre is
160 feet by 100 feet; here the boiler house
is located. Th
building is desigueå to ac-
commodate from 250 to 300 hoarding
students, besides the requisite staff of mu-
ters and the necessary staff of servant!'! re-
quired for househo!d pUt poses. The front
buiidinQ;, which faces south, is 250 feet long
by 45 feet wide, and the wings are 165 feet
long by 45 feet wide. The elevations are
de
igned in the modern RomaneJòque
style fre >ly treated, and whilt' iree
from ornamenral dttail, a pictur-
esque effect is obtained by the division of
the parts and grouping of the mass. the in-
ternal use of the buiJding as for class rooms.
assembly ha.ll, rlormitories, residence, etc.,
being brou
hl; out and emphas:z
d by the
treatm 'nt of the exterior. In the centre
partion of the main front. centring on Ave-
na
road. is the d.rched loggia. entrance with
a.n imposing tower 20 feet
quare rising to a
heie-ht of 165 f
et ro the finial, the open
arcade being 55 feet 10DQ' and 16 feet wide.
This pt>rtion of the building projects 25 feet
from the adjoining curtains, and is 60 feet
high from the ground line to the cornice of
the roof. Over the main entrance is located
the Assembly Hall, to be used at the op'm-
ing and c:osing exercises, fvr lectures
and at-her entertainments, etc. j is empha-
e-ized externally by large, bold. circular head
windows extending through two storeys,
which have terra cotta enrich{;d impost and
string courses. The tower forming the
centre of the group has a gable containing
the coat of arm
of the college. which was
establisbed in 1829. The upper portion of
the tower havin(' view balconics and a
clock face in each"front, 10 feel; in diameter,
which can be seen for a radius oÏ many
miles. The curtains fla.nking the c ntral
partion on each side are three stories and
basement, the walls being 46 feet frOin the

154

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

round to the roof cornice; the corner
pavilions, which project sevt"n feet from th{;
curtains, are iour stories and basemt:nt,
with a height of 56 feet to the cornice, are
finished with steep pitc:h roofs, with dor-
mers, ga.bles, etc. 1'he east and west wings
are three storeys high, besides the base-
ment, the height to the comic' being the
8amè as the front curtains.
The roofs are to be covered with slate
throughout (there being no deck or fla.t por-
tions), are Jf steep pitch, sub, divIded by the
dormer windows, lightin
the attic, the sky
]ine being varif'd by the use of gables and
the grouping of the chimmY8. The ma-
terials to be used in the fronis are
red Credit Valley sandstone, in
random cour;:;e rock face work, to
the height of the basement (-ix feet), and
red pnesed brick above the pI nth course,
with terra cotta panels and striny courses,
the openings to be trimmed with rock face
red s,mdstone. The main entrance arcadf'
is to be buil
of sand8tone to the height of
the first 0001' (2.3 feet), and is sparingly
carved and ornamented, the co'umns of the
arches being of polished red new Br11UsW'ick
granite. The college boys' entrance To the
class-room corridor on the west sidt" is
iven
its relative prominel'ce and exprt ssion in the
design, by being tinished with a. tower sur-
mounted with a flalZ pole. The main eutrance
has a. large vpstibule: and the hall is fifteen
feet wide with an encaustic tile
floor, the connecting corridors be-
ing twelve feet wide, leading to all portions
of the building. To the left
of the main entrance as you euter i'.J the
prilJcipal's offict) wi h vault and toilet, room,
and in the west wiog are loca.ted the class
rooms, ten in numbE'l', three masters' rooms
being providt'd, and a waitine.room for the
jadtor. To the right of the entrauc
hall
is the board-room and library and readin{!'-
room (53 fept by 24 feet), the south-east
corner being set apart for the principal'

residence, containing twelve
p:lcious rooms
with all modern conveniences. The east wing
on the ground floor conta.ins the dinin
hall,
serving and store-rooms and pantries, and
the matron's and housekeeper'iI rooms, each
being provided with st-parate t-ntrances.
the kitchen being located in the ba<ement,
with convenient dumb-waiterfol. etc., to thp
upper floors. On the upper floors two hos-
pi t:.l 1 wa.rds are provided, with nurse!,.'
rooms, etc., Be that in casg of sickne
s the
pupil can be completely isolatcrl from the
relit of the college. The a
sembly hall, over
tbe main ent- auce, 011 the fir8t floor, is 76
feet long by 50 feet wide, WJth a ceiling 25
fet t hi'{h, which is finisn
d with mould
d
bean). and panels of wood, and will seat

oyer 600 people. The main staircase.,
four in number, each eight feet wide in the
clear, are ea8Y of access from any portion
of the building, and are enclosed between
brick walls as a preventive to the rapid
spreadinlZ of fire. The first anà other floors
over conta.in 50 siJlgle and 100 double rooms
for the col!ege boys; 'Ilso the masters'
studies and bldrooms, which are placed so
as to ('ommand the various corridors on
each floor, and are disposed so as to give
each master the oversigilt and charge of
about 30 boys.
In the basement, which is to be eight and
one-ha,f feet in clear, and ..tanding six feet
out of the gronnd, is located the recreation
room8, drill hall and armory, with WorlO:,
shops, storerooms and janitor's qu'\rters.
The plumbing will be completed in the best
ma.nner, with the most approved modern
sanitary appliances. The tixtures will all
be trapped, and being closely grouped, can
be thoroughly ventilated through indepen-
dent ventilation pipes. The class-rooms ar8
proportiont:d to the most lib
ral modern
sanitary requirements, each room having an
allowa.nce of at least 300 cubic feet and 20
square feet of Hoor space to each occupant.
These rooms are lighted in aimost every
in
t(lnce from the left side of the student
a.nd the wil.dows, which are four feet from
the floor are equal in area to one-quarter of
the floor space III each room; the mos'
distant pup:l will not be seated more than
18 feet from a window. 'rhe dormitories
have over 1,000 cubic feet allowed to each
pupil, and are welllii:thted, not more than
two pupilS being allowed to f'ach room.
The heating is to be by low pressure
gravity 8team,
upp1ied by two boilers of
wrought steel The CIMS rooms are
h.'ated by indirect radiató,rs, with fresh air
supply; Lhese are placed uDder the win-
dows, the vitio.teü air bein
removed
through registers on the ( pposite side of the
roomelea.ding into duc:s connected wi*h
two large exhaust shafts, which are continu-
ally heated, and are over 80 feet hiJ;!"h.
The fresh, heated air is to be supplied at
the rate of 200 cubic feet per minute to each
(ccupa.nt, at 1), velocity not exceeding; five
feet per second. Prior to the establishment
of the University (If Toronto in 1843, Upper
Canada College stood in the position oÎ a
Universit,y to th
Province, and this is
shown by the branehe" included in the
course of study such as Hebrew. the hig;her
mathematics, logic, metaphy
ics and 8.
much language and classics as are now re-
quired for a degree in arts. Since 1843
U ppel" Canada College baa been simply a
preparatory schooí to the University and
as such it will continue. The new UolleQ;e

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LA
D)'IARKR OF TORONTO

155

",ill be preferable to the old in many re-
spect!!, one of the chief of which is that it
will be out of the city, The boarding hou e
has always been filled. In the new build-
ing there wi:l be increased boardin
ac-
commodations, and.
ach boy will have his
own room to þímself. There will als) be
work rooms for boys whos
tastes lead
them to mechanica.l employments. In 1885
there were 280 boys on th
enrolment of
Upper Canada College. Now thece are 370.
.Principals of the College from its estab-
lishment are :-The Rev. J, H. Harris, D.
D.. 1829-1838; the Rev. John McCaul, L.
L.D, 1838-1843; F, 'V. Ba.rron, M.A.,
18"3-181516; tl1e hev W. Stennett, M.A.,
]856.1861 ; George R. R. Cockburn, M.A.,
1861-1881; J .M. Buchan, M.A., 1881-1885.
anù the present principal, George Dickson,
M. A., fcom 1885. The visitor' is his Honour
Sir Alexander Uampbeil, K.C.M.G., Q c.,
Lieutenant Governor of Olltal io. The Col-
lege Board COlli:5iSlS of the Hon. John Beverley
Robinson, Chairman, Larratt \Villiam Smith,
D.C.L" the Hon. John Macrlonald, the Hon.
Samuel C. W 0' d and William Barclay Mc-
Murrich, ).1.A.
The Principal and First English Master
is George Dickson, .M. A.; the
1 ,sters are:
First Uassical Ma.ster, '''illiam Wed:!, M.
A.; Second Classical Master, and SupeI in-
tendent of the Lollege B:Jarding House,
John Martland. 1\-1. A.; Firat Mathema tical
Master, and Study Ma3ter in College
Boarding House, Geor
e B. SparlilJY, 1\1.
A.; Second Mathematical Master, Alex-
ander Charles
1cKay, B. A.; French and
German Master, Charle
\V hetham, M. A.;
Science Master and Resident Assistant
Master in College Boarding Housl}. Alex-
ander Young Seott, B. A., M. D., C. M.
The Aôai'5tant Masters are: First Assistant
Classica.l,Master. and Re;,ident As"istant
Master III the Supplementary Boarding
House, William JacKson, B. A.; First
As:: is tant Engli
h Master a.nd Com-
mercial Ma.ster, Andrew Stevenson, B. A.;
Junior As
is*ant Ma.ster,
md Assistant
Master in the Supplementary Boarding
Home, Henry Brock, Esq. ; First Assistant
Modern Langua.
e Master, Joseph Black-
stock, B.A.; Seconù A sistant Classical
MHstu, and Re
ident ASi!istant Master in
College Boarding House, John Taylor
FotheringhH m, B, A.; Second Assistant
'Modern La.ngua.ge Master, Arch:bald Hope
Y ouni, B. A, ; First Assistant Mathematical
Master. Thomas Hent'y Ro
ers, B.A.;
Dra" iog, Richard Bai'lent, Esq.; Music
Master, Theúdore M.-tens, Esq. ; Gymnas-
tic, Fencinl{ and DálI, Sergeant Thomas
Parr; BurEar, J. K Berkeley Smith, Esq. ;
Physician, Jamfs Thorburn, M.D.

CHAPTER LI.
THE POST OFFIOES.

.ket
h of the EIKh& BulldlnKs IJsed 80S POll'
omces. 1t'llh an A
counl or the Jlelhodl
of Tranøactln2 Business.
The first polt office of York was a small
unpretentious lo
house situated on the east
side of Frederick street, a little south of
King street, on the site of the present News-
loys' Home, No. 43, and opposite the house
which is still standing of the la.te D' Arcy
Boulton. The post office business in those
early days was not sufficiently lar
e to
prevent Mr. William Al!an, father of the
Hon. G. W. Allan, the tir.3t pORt-
master, from holding the pl)st of
collector of customs and spveral other posi-
tions in addition at the same time, besides
can'ying on a mercantile business. Letters
were few, posta
e wal high and mails were
extreme:y Irregular III the early part of the
century when stages and @ailing vessels
furnished toe only means of communication.
During th.> winter months travel was diffi-
cult and York was almost wholly cut (off
from communication with the rest of the
world. En
ìish mails were vuy inirequent,
and Ìetters and papers mailed in t.he
old country in November were not
expecteå to reach the capital of Upper
Canada before the ensuing spring. The
difficulties of intercourse f08tereà and de-
veloped the art of letter writin
, an art now
lost in this age of the railway. telegraph,
teiEphone and type writer. One busine
1
ma.t) now sends and receives more letters
daily than the whole population of York
did annually in the (hys of its infancy. The
old Jog building, which was used as a post.
office up to 1827, has been long destroyed.
and but few can ev
n remember it. The
artist's I5ketch gives a good representation
of it.
On the retirement of Mr. AllaJi from the
postmastership Mr. J. S. How<l.rd, father
of Mr. Allan McLean Howard, wa.s ap-
pointed in his stea.t! in 1827. At this time
)11'. Howard wa.s buiIailJg a residence on
George street, and pending its completion
the post office was moved from 1Iì e log build.
ing on Frederick street, whioh belonged to
Mr. Allan, and established temporarily in a
small one-storey house which st09d on the
south side of Duke street, half way between
George and New street!!, No.5-the latter
subsequently Nelson and now Jarvis street-
on the âte of the present Clyde hotel stables.
Mr. Howard alone. with little &S8'ÌstaD
e a'
this time, found small difficulty in conduct-
ÏDg the whole buainea8 vi the omce.

OF TORONTO.
TANOMARKS

I

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

'.rhe accompanying illu8tt"J,tion gives a good
view of the sec(\nd pOl:!t-office of York,
which was used as such until 1830.
Mr Howard"s new residence having been
finished about 1830, the post-office was
transferred to it. This was A two-storey
frame buildin
of good size on the Wt:st side
of George street, a litt;e way be
ow Duke
street, directly in rear of the Nipissing hotel.
The building is still standing, and occupi
d
as a dweIlin2', N( I:!. 58 and 60. It was origi-
nally clapboarded, but now the outside is
roughcast. The post-office was in tie
south end of the building, en-
trance to it bein
had throu
h the smaller
of tne two doors shown in the cut of the
house. The remaining part of the building
was occupied by .Mr. Howard and his family
as a residence. The post office was located
here up to about 1836.
The box holders in 1831 were :-Govern-
m 'nt office, Attorney.General, Surveyor-
General, Hon. J ames Baby, Hon. ,1, H.
Dunn, Colonel Coffin, Upper Canada B,1.nk.
Seventy-ninth Re
iment, Commissary De-
partment, Dr. Strachan, John Robinson, Mr.
Macaulay, Henry Boulton, Peter Robinson,
John Bald" in, J_ Sm;th, George Millard,
Andrew Mercer, J. H. Markland;.Christo-
pher Hagerman, Egerton Ryerson, James
Armstrong, Francis Collins, John Carey,
Robert Staunton, Simon \Vasnburn, U.
Stowe, S. P. Jarvid, \Villiam Dummer
Powell, William Campbell, John McGill,
George Crookshank, Mrs. Macauley, Dr
Harris, DUllcan Cameron, R, Room. T.
,,- enham, Francis Billinp-s, Dr. \Yidm::r,
Bo
rd of Education, lJorporation, John
Ewart, Mr. SherwooG, Colonel 'VeUs, In.
dia.n Dt:partment, F.Dgineerin
D
'partment,
House of Assembly, Legislative Cou::ci1.
1823 the postage paid by newsp'\pers wa":-
OOlonial Advocate, f:67 165 9d; Ocurier,
j;65 17s Id; Gazette, f:19 lId; Oanadian
Þ'reeman, f:26 3s Id; Ohristian Guardian,

254 7s ; Sapper and Miner, f:7 lIs 9J.
In 1835 th
re were the following addi-
tional box-holders :-Marshal S. Bidwell,
Ch1'istian Guardian, Mr. Gilkison,
CLtrke Gamble, i'. D. Harris, A. B.
Hawke, Haggerty & Drap
r, Mr.
Jam,=son, \V. B. Jarvis, Mr. Murray,
\V. L. Mackenzie, Colonel O'Hara, Father
O'Grady, Mr. Ross, Mr. RadenhurRt, Ridout
family, Dr, Rolph. C C. Small, Mr. Stin-
Bon, Bernard l'urqua.nd. The numbsr of
post offices in Canada in 1828 were 101.
The miles of (stablished road were 2 368,
the number of miles travelled by P:J"t per
week were 8 768. 1n 1831 the increase was
as follows: - From 101 to 151, from
2,368 to 2,896" from 8,768 to 13,213.
The gross revenue of the post office

department in Upper Canada was al
foilows : - 1832, æ15,344 103 4:d; 1833,
f:17,943: 1834. f:18,910 63 6d. The box
rent in 1832 was æ27 Is 3d; in 1833, f:30 ;
and in 1834, æ35 178 6d. It was in 1831
that the first boxe3 were put in T h
pust
office hy MI'. Howard for the accon;mod:
-
Tion of the public. During these years
1r.
no'\\'ard received 4;he followin
commission
for keeping accounts with those transactin

bu.,iness at the post officf' :-1832, æl11 178
!d; 1833, æl35 8s 10d; 1834, f:94 Os 21-'1.
The following is the contract made between
J edediah J ack!!on aud Jacob Cook, from
whom Cooksville is ca.l1ed, for carrying the
mails in 1831 :-

York, 9th April, 1831.

Mr. Jacob Cook,
Sir,-1 hereby make offer to take the
mail from Hamilton to Ancaster for the
coming year agreeable to the terms of your
contract, subject to such alterations as the
department may make for the better con.
veyance of the Sandwich mail route, for the
sum of twenty-five pou!lds currency, pay-
ahle quarterly, and that you may satisfy
Mr. Howard, the agent at thif: place, with
the arrangE-mont, th,tt I may draw the same
subject to the fines in case of neglect of per-
formance. Yours truly,
JEDEDIAH JACKSON.
In Pl'esence of D,wid Botsford.
I accept of the above offer.
Jacob Cook, York, 9th April, 1833.
In presence of David Bot
ford.
About the year 1832 Mr. Rowar,l built as
a private residence for himself a fine large
reJ brick building of thr

8tori
s on the
north side uf Duke f\tnet a little ea8t of
George street and just east of the Bank
of Upper Canada. This buï din
, No. 28,
Duke street, which if> still standing
in a state oÍ good preservat:on, is
shown in the illustration. About 1836
the post.offic
was moved f('(Jm th" George
street building and installed in the west
corner of the new mansion where it remained
until somewhere about 1838. After ap-
pointment of Mr. Roward's successor to the
postmas
ership Mr. Howard gave up the
building as a residence, and .t was taken by
,Mr. Huson Murray, who lived there a
Ion I?' tim '. On his vacating it Mr. T. D.
HaITi.; occupied it as a residence.
fhe third post-master WJS Mr. Charles
Berczy. On the north side of Fr(\nt strEet,
jU6t west of Y onge street, where Mc.
,Ma.ster, Darling & Co.'s warehome now is,
stood in off the street a two storey brick
building. Attached to it ran out nearly
to Y onge street a one storey frame
building, and in this Mr. Berczyestablishpd
the fifth pO.3t-offic.-. The post-office build,

138

LA?"DMARKS OF TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

ine: stood on the site of the present
Bank of Montreal, No. 2 Front street
west, In front of it were posts and
chains. At this period the foot of Y onge
street was one of the most unsavory locali-
ties in town, being covered with
small shantiell in which the lower
classes lived. Near by, on Yonge street,
was a tavern called the Post-offics Tavern.
It was kept by a man named Hall. Loung-
ing in front of this tavern was frequently to
bs Sfen McDermott, who afterwards bl-came
notorious as the murderer of Mr. Kinnear.
Where Davidson & Hay's esta.blishment now
is was a livery stable. Adjoining it wall a
row of frame building's called Hunter's Row
and abùve this row; of shanties. Hotels
were numerous. 'Where the Bank of British
North Am"rica stands was a tavern called
the Ship Tavern, a brick buildin1{ dis-
tinguished by the sign of a !;hip. The name
of the proprietor was Murphy. He after-
wards built a large hotel on the north
side of \V ellington street, directly east of
the Western As"urance buildin
, known for
years as the \Vestern hotel. Acr08s the way
from the Ship Tavern was a hotel kept by
Mr. Morris Malone, a well-known man.
Postmaster Ber('zy lived in the brick
house to which the post.office was
attached. Previous to this it had been
the residence of Chief Justice Macaulay.
Ed.rIy in the forties the post-office was re-
moved to 'VellingtOl1 street. The ground
wafl bought in 1845 by the Bank of Montreal
and the fir
t bank building was erected on
it, This was torn down a few years ago to
make way for the present I'pl, ndid eddice
which adorns the site. In 1842 the post-
office staff consis1 ed of the postmaster, three
derks, one of whom was Mr. George H.
Wilsol1, and one letter carrier. During
the summer months the mail!! were con-
yeyed by boat ;:md in the wint
r by
sta
e. E3.st and west there was Lmt on

mail daily to the principal poiúts; to other
places the mail went once a week There
was one English mail a month, The rates
of poshge were as follows '-Hamilton,41d;
Couourg, 7d; King--ton, 9d; Cornwall,
II! I ; Montreal, 1'1 I!d; Thrpe Rivers. Is
4d; Quebec, 18 6d; Halifax, 2i 91;
Prince Ed ward Island, 3
3d. No en-
velopes were used; the Sheets of paper
on which the letters were written
beill'7 folded and sealed with" ax 01' wafers.
Som
Engli-h banking houses still cling to
tb.is old method, among them Bal'ing Bros.
and Coutts & Co., of London. Tllel'e was
no sut::h thing as postage stamps. Paid lettel's
were stamped with red ink, u paid letters
-with Llack ink. Every letter mailed was
Iorwal'ded whether it was p,âd or not, lß

the latter case payment bein
collected ai
the other end ot the route. This system
and 1dso the rates of poshge which had
been in vogue from the beginning continued
up to the introduction of po-tage stamp::\.
Accouuts were kept with the banks, mer.
chants and all reputable people,
the bi1l& bein!.! sent in once .
month. There were single and doublE
rates of postage. A letter without anything
enclosed went for the sÏ1lgle rate. If a
dollar bill Wall put in the post&1{e was
doubled. If two bills were put in the post-
age was doubled again. Everyone was
asked whether his let.ter required sing!.> or
double posta'te, and as an extra measure of
precantion the clerks would pry the ends
open and look inside,
From early in the fortie3 up to 1853, the
whole business of the Toronto post office was
transacted in a small low building on 'Vel-
lington street, situated on the present site of
the Imperial Bank corner, No. 34. This
building, which is shown in the accumpU1Y-
ing il:ulltration, was of bl ick. It stood. on
the north side of \Vellington street. west of
Leader lane. Its frontage was narrow but
it ran back a grea.ter distance along the
lane. .rhe ddivery office was a room about
twenty by forty feet, and the dIstributing
room was an old cellar,kitchen about twenty
feet square. The staff up to 1850, consi
ted
of the postmaster. thr ee clerks and
a letter c'l.rrier. The postmaster waS
Mr. Ch'irles Berczy, and the clerks were
John Armstrong, Christopher Walsh and
W. 1:1. Pearson, who, in 1847. succeeded
Mr. George H. Wi1son, now of the Bank of
Montreal. John Mc(Jlmkey was letter.
carrier, and a charge of one copper was
made on each letter delivered by him. A:
this time and up to 1850, the English mails
were only deliveïed fortnightly-by ftage
from Halifax in winter, and pal'tly by steam.
boat in summer. Th9 rate of pusta::<e on
En
lish letters was Is 2id sterling, or Is 4d,
Ha ifa:x cunency-ùbout 27 cents; the
p03tage to Ha.lifax was 2s 9d: Quebec,
1:; 6d; Montreal. Is 2d; Kingston, 9d;
Windsor lO!d, the lowest rate of postage tc.
any point b,'ing 4!rl. In 1850 there were
only about four huadred boxes in the post.
office. Postage stamps were at this time
nnknown,
nd thp postage on paid letters
had to be paid in ca.sh to the pôStmaster.
Respectable firms were allowed an account
which was duly rendered each month and
paid on demand.
Up to 1852 the post(lffic
department was-
under the control of the Imperial Govern-
ment which was represented by Mr. Stay-
ne.-, but at this time almost simultaneously
with the introduction of the bondÏ1
g 8y
hm

LAND:\IARKS OF TORONTO.

161

103
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162

LANDMARKS OF T OR
ONTO.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

163

thro
h the United State!!!, the bU3iness was
transferred 10 the Ciionadian Gov
rnment
.nd the mai' s beJ{an to arrive once a we6lk
via Boston aTld New York aUernately.
The mails were oonveyed m charga of con-
ductors, of whom there were three. Messrs.
McNamee, Malone and McGiliinav. two
ta.kin
the mails to the abo.-e posts re-
s'Pecti.-ely and one extra to supply in case of
n-eed. The conductor taking the outgcin

m1ils waited at his post for those coming in
and this system continued for many years.
Mr. C. C. Taylor, of the Custom House,
from whose U Toronto Called Back," much
information ha.ø been obtained regardin

this post-office, narrates the following cir-
cumstances illustrating the economy of the
Government at that day. He, in company
with Mr. John Kay, Mr. Patrick Hughes,
and three othen on their way from Eng-
land, accompanied the mails from Boston,
arrivinlZ at Suspension bridge on :Saturday
night too late to conn
ct with the
train tor Toronto. B
ing anxious to
eet home they telegraphed for a
.peclal train to meet them at Hamilton, the
charge to b3 forty dollars. On arrivini at
Hamilton tbey found an engine and one car
ready, and then they took aboard Mr.
Malone with the Englilh m&ils, hoping to
recei.-e from the P08t-"ffice authorities a
.hare of the coat of the special train. The
trip was ma.d3 within an hour, perhaps then
the fastest time on record. On the following
Mondav one of the party waited on Post-
master General Michael Hamiltou Foley,
stated the case and asked for a part of the
expense for carrying the mails, but hi. C6p!y
was that the letters would have been in
quite time enough for the mercha.nts by thr:
first regular train on Monday morning, and
sc the truellers had to pay the whole of
the bilt.
When the present office of the Receiver-
General, on the west side of Toronto street,
Nos. 10 and 12, was built in 1852. for a new
post-office,none but themostsanguine doubted
its ca.pacity for all ita requirements for many
years to come. but while it was still a com-
pa.rati vely new building it was found to be
quite inadequate to the rapidly-growin"!
business of the city and a new and larger
structure was erected. The building is in
*he Ionic style of architecture, from the
appropriate desi
of Messrs. Cumberland &
Storm. It has a frontage of 48 feet, with a
depth of 90 feet. The front is of cut stone.
The large public hall, with enriched oa.k
aDd plate-glas!!! letter-box, had three com-
partments, mtersected by Dorio column!!!,
with delivery windows and a separate en-
trance for ladie!l. The building, which cost
;f3,500, rdlected credit upon its arch
tectst

and also upon the contraotors, Mesara Met-
ca.lf, Forbes & Wi1.8on. OD
the appointment of Mr. Joseph
L3sslie as postmaster. the post-office
was removed from Wellington .treet to the
new building on Toronto street, the change
being ma.de in January, 1853. Shortlv after
thill date postage st&mp3 were introduced
and the whole postal system underwent a
change. The money order system came into
operation in February, 1855, when the brg-
est sum for which an order was granted wa'J
;flO, the commission being Is 3d. Earry m
the following year the amount was extended
to ;f25 with a graduated scale of charge from
3d to 2. 6d. In the W elling
on street
post.office there had been but one
hundred and fif
een boxe3. Thig number
was increased to one thousand in the To
ronto street office, and drawers which had
p"eviously been unknown wer
introduced.
About a dozen clerk. made up the lta1f.
There were two carriers-one for the east,
the other for the west end of thE: ci
y, their
fee being a penny for every letter delivered.
No greater evideuce of the vrowth and the
expanse of the commerce of Toronto can be
given tha.n by a comparison of the first rude
log post-office and the imp')siug facade of
the present fine edifice on Adelaide street,
Nos. 38 to 42, at the head of 1:oronto
street, A more suitable location could not
have been ch03en than that on which it
Itands, surrounded as it is by buildings m
every way worthy of the nE'ighbourhood and
in close proximity to the business portion of
the city. The buildin
whIch is of brick,
faced with cut stone, elaborately ornament-
ed, was built from the design of Henry
Lanvley, architect. It coverøo nearly the
width of Toronto street. It is three storie8
high surmounted by a mansard roof and
extends through th ,block toLombard street.
It Wal erected in 1873, Mr. Joseph Lesslie
being postmaster. The interna.l arrange-
ments are admirably adapted to the never
ceasing business transacted. A side door at
the western end of the building leads by a
stairca;;e to the offices of th(: po
t-office in-
spector. his assistant :]nd other officials. In
the Toronto street office the number of box-
holders wa.s quite large, but Ly the exten-
sion of the delivery system they have been
reduced until the present number is less
than three hundred. There are six daily
deli.-eries 10 the business portion of the city.
four in the more thickly populated resi-
dence quartel'l, and two in the outside divi-
sions. With the exception of 'Wednesday
and Sunday an En!{lish mail is made np
every day, all the mail. goini( by way
of New York, but; ODe weekly
which i. øeut by way of Qu-ebec.

164-

LANDMARKS OF TORO
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EIGHTH AND PRESENT POST OFFICE.
At first in the present office postage ac- I Number of orders issued. 15.115; num-
counts were kept with the principal mer- ber ot orders paid, 56,072; amount of 01'-
chants of the city as in the early days of ders issued, $253.83965; amount of orders
York, a charge of five per .ent. bein
made paid, $1.205.21883; amount deposited in
for ket:ping the bookll, but with the later in- I &TÍngs Bank, $420,693 ; amount withdrawu
troductions of the prepaid system this has from Savil1gs Bank, $310,:359 82; sale of
!Men abandoned A few years ago :Mr. I postage stamps, $200,47009; cash taken .t
Lesslie was succeeded in the postma.!!tership Savin
s Rank and money çl'ller bra.nch,
by:Mr. Thomas C. Patteson, who holds tbe $677,21859; amount paid, $1.515,57865;
office d the present time. In 1882 the number of registered letters forwarded,
bULiness of the post-office wa.s transacted by 1 282.133; number of regi.!!tered letkrs de.
32 clerks and 65 letter carriers. The fol- livered, 342,670; number of ordinary ldterl
lowing st&tilltica of that year ma.y be of in- de ivered, 3,135,363.
tecest:- In 1885 tbe staff consiatedof the postmaa,-

LA
:OMARKS OF TORONTO.

un

a school in which he will in.truot twelye
boys in writing, readincc and olasaiCi and
arithmetic. 'the terms 8re for each ooy
eight
uineas per annum. to be paid quar-
terly or haIf-year;y, one
uinea entrance
and one oord of woed, to be supplied by
each of the boys on op
ning the school
N. B.-Mr. Baldwin will meet his pupil.
at Mr. Willcocks' l:ouse on Duke street.
York. December 18, 1802."
There is no record of Dr. Baldwin's IIUC-
ceslI lD this educational enterprise. The
Mr. Willcocb, at whose house Dr. Bald-
win proposed to teach, was one of three men
by this nl;ime-all early and p.!:ominent re!:i-
dents of York. William Willcockll, the
one referred to. was father-in-law of Dr.
Baldwin, and in 1802 was Judge of the
Home Diltrict Court. He was one of the
pew-holderB in St. JameB' church from it,
earliest days, and was one of the lIub-
.criberl to the Y onge Btreet improvement
in 1801. From him, Lake Willcock., a lake
in the Oak Ridges haa ita name, he beiDR
the early owner of the lpot. Here, at a
la'er period. was La.rchmere, an appellation
in part derived from the little lake within
view of the window. of the house.
Larchmere was for some time 'he home of
CHAPTER LIL William '" illcocks Baldwin, 'h. Rreat
nephew of William Willcocks- Th.
DR. W. W. BALDWIN'S RESIDENCES. ,houle waa deltroyed by fire previous to
- 11873, Mr. Willcocks was also. the owner
A Corner .r BI.aorleat Intere.a - A.. Ind- of the park lot directly west of Spadina
dent In William l..1'on Jlad[
nzle'. CaneI' avenue. This lot, or a part of it, W&II
-8pacllna Doa.e and lipadlns A.Tenae. afterwards owned by Mr. Billinp;s. a well-
One of the most intere!!lting buildinj;{s in known commissariat officer. long IItationed
the ea
ly history of York is the little frame at York. He built the house sl1bsequently
IItructure shown in the Wus,ration which known as Enilefield, which !ater was the
stood at the north-west corner of Front house of Colonel Loring, who. at the tiQle
and Frederick Btreet.. It!!l first claim to of the taking of York in 1813, had his horse
distinction is in connection with Dr. Wil iam killed under him. Colonel Lorin
died
'Varren Ba.ldwlD, whose career is a here. Mr. Billings and Co'onel Loring
p'ut of the history of Upper Canada. Dr. both ht1d sonll who died early. Colonel,
ßaldwin was a med:cal graduate of the then Captain, Loring. was taken prisoner in
TJniversity of Edinburgh. He began life as the batÎle of Lundy's Lane, in July. 181..
a physician in Ireland. On comin
to The tre3.ty oi peace was signed at Ghent,
Canada he commenced the study of law December 24. 1814, soon after which time
and became a lEading mt-mber of the bar. Captain Loring was released. The Man-
On his arrival at York in the early part of treal Herald of Ftbruary 'th, 1815. has this
the cfDtury from the first Canadian home ;\nnouncement:
of his f
ther on Baldwin's creek, in the "At Pre8cott on Thursd'1Y, January
townshIp of C'arke, Dr. Haldwin en- 26th, the lady (f Captain Lorinll, aide-de-
df'avoured to turn his educ Itional acquire- camp and private secretary to his Hor.our
menta to advantage by becoming a school Lieut. Gen. Drummond. was safely de-
teacher. In 1802 he advertised in the livered of a dau
hter. The happy father
Gazette and Oracie as follows: had ret UI ned from a statf> of ca.ptivity
.. Dr. Baldwin. understandin!{ that !!Ierne with the enemy but a few hours previous
of the J!entlemen. of
his town have ex- to the joyful event." Another member
p '. Esed s?me anxiety tor the establishment of the Wi lcocks family was a peculiar
of a classIcal school. bel.(l leave to infO! m character. His namt: was Charles. In
them and tte public that he intends on 1818 he issued an advertisement in tbe
Monday, the first of January nen, to op n Upper Canada Ga.zette proposing to publish

and assistant postma!\ter, five first-ciass,
twelve second-c'ass and forty-nine third-
class clerks. There were seventy-four let.
tel' carriers, three caretakers. seven porters,
ninety-five street letter boxes and three
branéh post-offices. The business transacted
this year wa.s as follows :-Amount of orders
issueà. $309.203; a.mount of money orders
paid, $1,356,163; number of orders pctid.
80,086; amount of deposits in post. office
sa.vings bank.
495.364; I1mount of postage
atamps sold, $228,751 ; number of letter.
delivt red bV letter carriers exclusive of
box holders and general de:ivery 7,937,461,
number of letters posted, 11.288.680, num-
ber of post-cards posted 3,328,260. The
.taft' at the present tIme consists of the poat-
master and his all
i
tant, seventy-eight
c'erks. eighty. four carriers and thirteen
porters.
According to the report of the Post-
master General there were delivered in
Toronto by carriers in the year 1887, 220.
698 letters and 58.945 newspa.p
r8, making
a total of 279.543, Durin
t he same time
there were issued 22.398 money orderll to
the value of $346, .86 02.

168 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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by sub<cription a histOlY of his own life, leading to t}'i8, which occUlr.d at the
but it is Extremely doubtful whether he time of the invasion, are thus given by Dr.
ever got enough subscribers to make the Scadding in Toron
o of Old, who quutes
work a success. This is the advertise- from a manuscript narrative taken down
mf'nt : from the lips of the late venerable Mrs.
II 'l'he subscriber proposes to publish by Breck I'ridS{e by herdaughter,
1rs. Murray:
sub
cciption a History ()f his Life; the .. The ladies sdtled :0 go out to Baron
subsct iptkn to be one ùoilar to be paid by de Hoen's farm, He was a good friend
each subEcriber, one-ha]f in advalJce, 1he of the ßa!dwin fami'" whose real Dame
oth('r half on the delivery of the book, was Von Horn, !IoDd he had come out abou*
the monl Y to be paid to his r gent, Mr. the same time as Mr. St. Geo! S{e and
Thomas Deary, who will (Jive receipts and had been in the Briti"h army. He had
deliver the books. Charles Wil:cocks, late at this time a farm about four mires up
lieutenant City of Cork Militia. York, Yonge street and on a lot caned No. I,
March 17th, 1818." Yonge street w..s then a corduroy road
The sa.meCba.rles Willcocks once imagined immediately after leaving King street, and
he had good grounrls for chaLleDgin
his passing throu
h a deDse forest. MÏ5s Rus-
!ela1ive, J05epn \ViLlcocks, to a duel. sell, sister of the late President Russell,
Joseph did noti appear, however, at the loaded her phaeton with all sorts ()f Deces-
hour appomtetJ. for tÞe meetillg. Charles sarie
, so that the whole party had to
waited what he deemed a reasonab'e time, walk. My poor old
randfa1her, Mr. Bald-
and then chipping off a small piece of bit! k win-the father of MrJ>. f:reckenridge-
irom a tree, he stationed himse;{ at duel- ly long persuasion at len
th consented to
ling dbtaDce from the mark and fired his g,ve up fighting and accompany the ladies.
pistol at it. As the ball buried itself in Aunt Ba.ldwin-the wife of Dr. W. \V.
the mark he cried out: ., Oh, Joe, Joe, if Baldwin-and her four eon!', Major Ful-
you ha.d only bet'n he:e." Pr
vious to ler, who was an invalid under Dr.
1807 this Jo

ph Willcocks, who was an Baldwin's care, Miss Russell. .r.1isa
ultra-reformer, had been 8heIiII of the Wil1cock
- one of the family
Home District, 1:ut had lost his office by above mentioned-and the whole caval-
2iving a vote contral y to the po
icy of the ca.de sallied forth; 1 he youngest boy, :st.
Lieutenant-Governor. He was retul'Ded Grorze, a mere baby, my mother, )irs.
as a member of par1iament, Rnd after hav- Breckenridgf', carried on her back nearly
ing been imprison( d for a breach of pr:vi- the whole way. When thEeY had reached
If ge he was r('-e ec1ied and lI
ain took the about haif way out they hea.rd a mo
t
lead of the reformed party. In 1807 he fright'ul concu.sion, I'nd a.ll 2at down on
brgan the publication of the Upper Canada logs and stl mps fr ghtened terribly. They
Guardian, an (pposition paper. The learned a.fterwards that this terrific BOund
Guardian came to an end when thf' war of W8... Q cccaE.ioned by the blowing up of the
1812 broke (Jut. Its rditor at first wu.s magazine of Yot"k garri
oJl, wht'n fivd
loyal and fought on the Canadian side, hundred Amer:cans were killed, and at
but afterward de
ert('d to the Amé'ricans, which time my uncle, Dr. Baldwin, was
ta.kin
with him some of the Canadian dres.iou a so!dier's wounds; he was con-
militia. He fell in the ranks of I he Amcri- scious of a strange sensation; it was too
cans at the s'ege of Fort Erie. The .Mon- great to be called a sound, and he founå a
treal Herald of October 15' h, 1814, thus shower of stones blling all around him,
publh hes his death:" It is officially an- but he was quite unhurt. 'The family at
I,ounce<< by General R'pley that the traitor leng,h rea('htd Baron de Hoen's If'g house,
\Villcocks was killed in the f.ortie from FOi t con
isting of two ro(,ms, ODe a10ve and one
Erie on the 4 h uIt" greatly Ia.mented bv below. After three days Mis:> Russell and
his general ard the army." Dr. Baldwin my mother wDl
ed into
own just in time
did not rt'main 10110' ut the house oi Mr. to pre\'ent Mif.s Russell's home frem } eing
Wiilcocks, for in I8Ô4 he was the occuPlUlt ransacked by the !'oldiers. All l:OW re-
of the hou
e at The north-west ccrrer of turned to their homes and occupat:ons, f'X-
Front and Frederick streets, and hue, in cept Dr. Ba!dwin, who COll,inued dreó'sing
tha t yeo.r, his SOD Robel t was born. who wounds and acting as surgeon until the ar-
was Att( rn, y-Ueneru.l for Upper Canada rival of Dr. Ha(:kett. the f,ur
eon of the
in 1842. Dt". Baldwin made this hQuse his 8th re
iment. Dr. Baldwin said it was
home O1!tll _he :llv3sion (,f York most touching to see the joy of the poor
by the Americans in 1813, after which he wounded fellows when told that their own
with },is family lived with Miss Elizabeth doctor was comins.! back to theDL My
RUfsell, at Russell Abbey,ahousedescr bcd I mother, MrJ>. Breckenridge, saw the poor
in a preyious paper. The circumstancu 8th Grenadiers come into town on the

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:Saturday and in church on Sunday, with
the handsome Captain McNeil at their
head, and the next day they were cut to
pieces to a man. My father, Mr. Brecken-
ridge, was a student at law with Dr.
Bald win, who had been practising law after
giving up medicine as a profession, and
had been in his office about three months
when he went off like all the rest to the
hattle of York. The Baldwin family all
lived with Miss Russell after this, as she
did: not like being left alone. When
the Americans made their second attack,
about a month after the first, the gentle-
men all concealed ttemselves, fearing to be
taken prisoners Jike those at Niagara. The
ladies received the American officers.
Some of them were very agreeable men
and were entertained hospitably; two of
them were at M iss Ru
sell's; one of them
was Mr. Brookes, lrother-in-law of Arch-
deacon Stuart, then of York, afterwards
of Kingston. General Sheaffe had gone off
some time before, takin
every surgeon
with him. On this account D['. Baldwin
was forced out of humanity to work at his
old profession again and take care of the
wounded. Th
name of Baron De Hoen
is sometimes spelled De Hayne and de
Haine. His farm, where the refugees fled
for safety on the Americ<\n invasion, was
offered for "ale in the Gazette of March
25th, 1820, the advertisement describin
it
thus: " That well kDown filrm No. I, west
sid
of Y onge street, belongmg to Capta'n
.le Hoen, about four or five mil
s from York,
210 acres. The land is of excellent quality;
well wooded, with about forty acres
c
eared ; a. never-failing spring of excellent
water, barn and farm house. Applica-
tion to be made to the subscriber at
York, W. W. Baldwin" The nllme of Dr
Baldwin occurs in th<} list of pew-holders
in St. James' church from its commence-
ment. In a series of burlesque nomination.;
of officers for Upper Canada, made in 1827
bV the frie
d
of the officials of the day,
Dr. Baldwll1 IS put down as Chief Justice
and SurlZPon-General to the militia forces.
This cODjunction of offices was suggested
by the two professions which he had prac-
tised. It was added in the bur:esque that
he be granted "one million acres of
land for' past services, he anti his family
having been most sharnemlly created in
having grants of lands withheld from them
heretofore." Thill refers to the exterlsive
properties which Dr. Baldwin became owner
of 30& th
legatee of Miss Elizabeth Russell,
who had inherited her brother's vast estate.
There is a resemblance in the careers of
Dr. Baldwin and Dr. Rolph, both early
and notable settlers. Dr. Ro ph be
an

life as a physicIan in Gloucestershire. On
arriving in Canada he adopted law as a
profesf-ion, and after acquirin
a high
;tand-
ing at the bar he returned to his original
pursuit in which also he gained 8- splendid
reputation. Dr. Rolph became a member
of the Hincks ministry from 1851 to 1854,
and Dr. Baldwin waS called six months
bdore his death, while hIs son was
Attorney-General, to the Legislative Coun-
cil of Upper Canada. Dr.- Baldwin was
onf: of the c0unsel for the defence in the
c lebrated trial in 1818 of a -number of
prisoners brought down from the Red
R l vel' settlement on charges of high treawn,
murder, robbery and conspiracy, pre-
Jerred against th<m by Lord Selkirk, the
founder of the sett ement. Dr. SCRod ding
thus relates a court-room scene in which
Dr. Baldwin played a part:
" On the 12th of January, 1813, as a duly
empannelled jury werp. I etiring to their
room to consider of their verdict a re-
mal k was addressed to one of their
number, namely, Samuel Jackson, by a
certain Simeon Morton. who had been a
witness for the defenc
; the remark as the
record notes was in thesp. words: · Mind
your eye I' to which the said Ja.ckson re-
plied. 'Never fear I' The crier of thf'
court, John B<Jzell dùly made affidaYit of
this illicit translction. Accordingly, on
the appearance in court of the jury for
the purpose of rendering their verdict, Mr.
Baldwin, attorney for the prosecution,
moyed that Jackson be taken into custody,
and the jud
e
aYe order 'that Samuel
J ac:kson do immediately enter into recogni-
zances, himself in E50, and two sureties in
E25 each, for his appt arance on the Satur-
day following, at the office of the Clerk of
the PeacA, which,' as the record somewhat
ine 1 egantly adds, · he done.' He duly ..p-
peared on the Saturday indicated and plead-
ing ignorance, was difchargcd." At a fancy
dress ball, given at Frank's hotel in 1827, Dr.
Balàwin appeSl.red as a Roman Senator, and
his two SOll8, \ViIliam and St. George, ,IS the
Dioscuri. On the death of Peter Russell
his property passed into the hands of his
fister, Miss Elizabeth Russell, who be-
queathp.d it to Dr. Baldwin. Russell Hill,

hich had its name from President RusseU,
was loug the residence of Admiral Augustus
Baldwin, and in one of thJ branches of the
Bald win family Russell is continued as a
ba ptismal name. The modest little frame
house at the corner of Front and Frederick
streets has other claims to r.otice than the
fact of its being the residence of Dr.
Baldwin. It was one of the places where
the foundation w, s lai:l of the great wealth
of the Cawthra family and was occupied

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173

b)' Mr. J. Cawthra, t!enior, after Dr. BJ.ld-
wiu had R:iven It up as a place of reai-
den
e.
A'lother cla.im to dL.tinction which this
hous
pJssess'.'s ill its connection with the
t'arly career at York of \VllLam Lyon Mac-
kpnzie. In 1824 Mr. Mackenzi
established
at Niagara a newspaper, afterward widely
known as the Colonial Adt:ocate. Mr. Mac-
kenzie had kept a drug store in York several
ye3.rs bsfore this time, but had removed to
Dundas, whence he aga.in moved to Niagara
on the establishment of his pa.per. After
is-uing the journotl for about six months at
Nij!ara he moved it to York in November
of 1824, By his relentless exp )sure of th

abuses which prev..iled at th:
time Mr.
Mackenzie arol1sed the animosi:y of the
controlling faction of th
vovernmen
,
and h ')w bitter was the fi
ht may b3 in-
ferred from this incident.
'Vhen the remains of Geneml Brock were
re-int'rred at Q.leemton Heights in Sep-
t,'mb 1', 1824, a bottle filled with coius and
n
wspapi)rs was placed by some one in a
fissure of the roc'
, and was thus entombed
with the remains of th
dead hc>ro. Not
long afLerwards it b
came known that among
the pap3rs contained in the b >ttl
was a
coPy of Mr. Mackenz:e's Advocate. No
sooner did intel igence of this circumstan(}e
e<)lr.e to the ears of the authorities than
th 'y had th' fou:ldation torn up and the
obnoxious newsp tper removed from the
b 'êitle, in order, says a writ
r, that the
ghost of the immortal wa.rrior might not be
disturbed by its presence and the structu:-c
ita ,If rendered imecure.
At the time of tOf' removal of the Advo-
cate from Niaga.ra to York the h stile feel-
ing of the factions was at its hd...:ht. \Vhen
Pa.rliam -nt met Janud.ry 11,1825, it became
evident that the "tinging editorials of Mr.
Mackenzie had worked a chang
in public
opinion, IW.d that the Fa.mily Compact was
in the minority. Some of the voun;!er
members of this f:tction, which had hith 'rto
been supreme in the p:'ovince, were filled
with hatred against the man who hau fO
bitterly den')uncecl the abuses of the day
and 80 vi01ently attacked their fathers,
uncl,'s and relations. S
venteen mon
hs
later a p'J.rt,y of these yùung men proceeded
if) Mr. MlI.ck",nzie's printin
office and eet
Gbuut the dcm llitiOl
of the establishment.
This i'lcident took place in the house form-
erly occupied by D... Baldwin, and it is
a form of thJ J, .urnals of the Hous ' were thus
dcscribed by Mr. Mackenzie's bioQTaþher:
" 0 Ie fine summer evening, to wi
.: the
8th of June, 1826, a genteel mob composed
of persolJs close
y aUi d with the ruling fae-

tion w:!.1ked into the office of the Colofaio.l
Advocate at York, and in accord
mce wiih
a p ecnncerted p
an eet II.bout the de.truc-
tioll of type, and pres". Three p 'ges of th '
P tper in type: on the ct.mposing stones were
broken up and the face of th! ltotters bai-
teredo ::5ome of the typJ was then thrown
into th
bay to which the printin
office
was contiguous. Some of it W'
& scattered
on th
fi Jor of thJ offi 'e, more of it in the
yard and in the adj,teent garden of Mr.
George Munro. The composinll stone was
th rown On the fi)or. A new cast-iron pat 'nt
lever p:'ess wa.s broken. This scen,' téJok
p'ace in bro:td dayligh", and it was s:lid
ôha.t O:1e or two ma.gistrates who cCluld not
help witne<:,smg it never made th: least
attempt to put a stop to the 0utrage. The
valiant tlP
destroyers who chose for the
execution of their enterpri"e a. day when
Mr. M,
ckenzie was absent from th' place
were most of thtom c'osely connected with
the official pa.rty th, n in a hopeless minority
in the Legislatur.', and had r<òcen.ly been
pxasperated by a succession of defeats.
l\h. Baby, Insp"ctor-General, w::.s n pre-
s nted on the occasion by two son", Charles
and Raymond, stud
nb at law. Mr, Hen; y
Sherwood, lSon of M". J ustice S
lerwood,
gave his per,,;on:tl as ,is
atlce. ,Mr. Lyons.
confi,len,ial s
cretary to Lkutenant-Gove:'-
nor M:lÏtland. was there to perform his
p:trt. To save appearances Sir Peregrine
Maitland found it neces&arV to dismiss
Lyons from his confidential s
tuation, but
he soon afterwards rtwarded him with the
more lucrative position of registrar of the
Yiagd.ra district, Mr. Samuel Peters Janis,
:on-in-Iaw of the late Chief Justice of the
Court of Queen's Bt'I,ch. perform
d his
pa.rt, and found his reward ill the app Jint-
m -nt to I:o.n Indian Commii:!sionership.
Charles Richardson, stu:lent at ìaw in the
office of the Attorney-General and commis-
.,ioner for t'lking affi lavits, showed his zeal
fOl' the cause of h s officia.l friellds, and r
-
cÚved in rfquital th office of the Clerk of
the Peace for the Niågara district. James
King, another cl
rk of uss Z
and stu,lent
at bow in S,,}jc:tor-Gener.\l BJUlton's office,
di<l not hesitate to give his active assi,t-
anc,'. Mr. Ch ,tries Heyward, son of Colonel
Heyward, Auditor-G"n('ral of lRond p:ttents
and clerk of th' peace, and Peter Mac-
dongall, a merchant anà ship owner in
York and an intimate frien,l of Inspector-
Ge ler!),l B.tby, complpted the !i,t of eight
against whom the evidence wa3 sufficiently
strong f.r conviction..' Mr. MackeDzi

brought an action for damages ag;
inst
the rioters, and reeove:'ed a vl'rd ct
of E625. A subscription was set on fo It
bv I:!Om3 of the friends of th! defendants.

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and in this way a 'lreat p1rt of the amount
waH raised.
It is related that as Mr. Baby handed hh
son Ravmond the amount which he was to
pay, as his share of the damage. awarded,
he remarked : II There I go and make one
great fool of yourself again !"
'l:he house at th
north-west corner of
Front and Frederick stre
ts was destroyed
by fire rn.my years a
o. We have seen
that Dr. Baldwin lived here up to the time
of the American invasion, after which he
ma.de his home at Russell Abbey. On
the death of Mi9B Russell he became the
owner of her property, which augmented
in no slight de
ree hia previous posses-
sions.
Soon after falling heir to this large eatate
Dr. Baldwin laid out: Spadina ayenue on a
grand scale. Spa.dina is derived from an
Indian word JOeanin
a sudden rise of Ian 1.
OJ. Spd.dina hill, at the head of the street of
that name, nearly three miles from the
water's edg-e, Dr. Baldwin built Spadina
House. This was burned down in 1835 and
the next year the present Spa.dina House,
shown.1D the. accompa.nying illustration,
was bUilt. ThIs was for a time the resi-
dence of D... Baldwin and aiterwn.rds of his
son. the Hon. Robert Ba.ldwin, the first in-
heritor of the newly estr\b:ished patrimony.
It is to Dr. Baldwin's liberality that this
part of Toronto owes the magnificent width
of 160 feet of Spadina. avenue throul{h its
mile aud a half oÌ length and the expansion
of Queen stre
t to the width of 90 feet.
Queen street here was the southern bound-
ary of the park lot inherited by Ur. Bald,
win, which was known in Peter Rauell's
tim
aa Peten<field.
Dr. Scadding says that Or. Baldwin, " a
libera1 in his political view. he nevertheless
was influenced by the feudal feeling which

as a 6e
o,nd
ature with most persons
In the British Is&ands some years
o. His
purpose was to establish a family
In Ca.l\&da whose head was to
be mai.tained in opulence by
the proceeds of an entailed estate. Th",re

a
to be forever a :Ba.ldwin of Spadina,. It
IS slDgnlar tl.ut.t the firb"t inheritor of the
newlvest'\blishf'd patrimony should hav:.
been the st&tesman whose lot it was to
carry tbro
the LeJ:{islature of C3.nada.
the a.bolition of the rights of p:'imoJ{eniture.
rhe f on gra.sped mure readily tha.n the
father what the genius of the North
Amt'l'ic
m continent will 811'dure and
what it will nOI... l.'he farm yr.rd of
the Spadina homest.ad is at the north-
wes
of the house. Running from the
northwest coru
r of the farm ÿard to the
creek at the bottwD of the ravine. which

haa been vMiously known as Davenport,
Spadina and Roseda'e creek is a path a.bout
one ei
hth of a mile long. This was origin-
any a goose walk. Miss \Villcocks was very
fond of poultry, and to gratify her Dr.
Baldwin had this path cut through the
woods and enclosed with a fence cf split
rails, and every day in p
easant w<ather
Mi.;;s 'Villcocks would drive her duck'i and
Jõ(eese down the walk to the stream. At a
later period the walk became a favourite
strolling place for the family and vibitors at
the house on acconnt of the picture: que scen-
ery. To-day it ia one of the must charming
bits ot natural scenery about Toronto. On
either side it u bordered with bushes a.nd
arched above with tall native forest trees.
Shortly after the building of Spa.ùina
house, Dr. Baldwin built a little cottage or
lo
s, hea.vilv thatched, alon
the p..l.th a.bout
half way down the hill. This was a tiny
affair, not more than ten feet long and six
feet wide. It was fitted with seats and a.
table, and wall 'a, fa.vourite restini place for
those wandering along the
oolSe walk,
which by this time had been dignified by
the name of the Glen walk. In this cottage
was kept & book, still in p0l5session of the
Baldwin family, and visitore of poetic in-
clination were mvited to write verses in it.
The cottag41 was burned down about tbe
year 1850, but the poetry impired in it re-
mains.
The verse. w the Glen cottage book date
from 1820 to 1827. Among the venifiers
are Admiral Baldwin, Judge Robert B.
Sullivan, Miss Anna M. Baldwin, Mio..
Sullivan, Dr. William W. BalJwill., Hon.
Robert .&ldW'iR, R. R. Baldwin and H"nrv
Ba.tdwin, of Belleville; Dr. Henry Sullivañ,
Miss :M. A. Phiìlip,e, John J. Mor
an, of
New York, &nd Georg
Wel-. Stephen
G-wynn, a.D old senal'1t in the family and
one of the øurvivorø of the crew of the
American ship Patriot, which wao lost on
the Atlantic. November 24, 1806. wrote ,a
metrica.1 account of *þe wreck. The follow.
ing verses take. from 'be book. were writ-
ten by Admiral Baldwill on the obangmg of
the I{oose walk into the Glen wø.fk :-
THE GANDER'S COMPLAINT.
I oolieve the good folks of Sp:J.dina. are mad;
If nol; mad their Q'ood sense strangely
wanders
To change into fairy land this pie
c of
wound
Tha.t was given to ua geese and ganders.
Must we tamely submit, must we give up
our rights
Without trying to brea.k up this faction!
Can't WE:: threaten a. ftight. turn rebels out-
right,
Or consult Dr. B. 'bout an actioo !

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Th<.n up stepp'd a Jrrey headeù gander and
f.aid :-
II Good friends, there is one way I'll
show it,
To kcf'p (Jur estate and s
cure us our breaa
'Tis for evuy goose to turn poet. II
Dr. Baldwin lived for a time on the wef.t
side of Y onge street just above King. In
'Valtoll's directory for 1833-34 the occu-
pants of No 23 Yonge street a"e "Ba:dwin,
Doctor W. 'Varren, Baldwin Robert, Esq.
Attorney's Office and Dr. Ba. dwin's Surro-
gate Office round the corner on King street
195!. II
The next door neighbûur of the ßalùwins
at this time was Frand
Hinck", tbeir ten-
ant and friEnrl who kcpt a wholesale ware-
}'ouse at No. 21 YonQ't.. street. The fubse-
qUl'nt career of Mr. Hi!!ck3, afterwards so
widf'ly known as Sir Fl'ancis Hillcks, has
b"come a part of the '{elJeral history of the
counny.
At the north east corner of Front anò Bay
strel'ts thHe was built about he beginning
of the present cr'ntury ('ne of th(> ear'j,'st
exampll's in the;;e part8 of an English-Iook-
in
rustic cottage, with verandah and slop-
inR lawn. To the norl h of it once st 'od a
fine
horn tree, a relic of the woods that
once ornamented this 1 ca'ity. This
proper!y, described it) 1803 as a front town
lot with an excellent dwellin(J',honse and a
kih:he
recently built th, reo
:
ith a very
convement . w
te[ !ot adJOining, was
owned at this tune by Mr. Peter Ru!'sdi
and wl\a occupied by Mr John Deni!<on.
Mr. RUI:lsell adverti<;ed it for slle, but evi-
dmtly he did not sen it, ff)r it subslquently
along with other pr<>penie!o of Mr. Russcll,
fè
1
uto the balllìs of Dr. Ba dwin. Majr>r
H:ll:er,.
f th
74tb regm nt. ai.tE\-de-cllmp
and, mlhtarv .
cret.ry to Sir Peregrine
Maitland, oc(;ur)l
d the cottl1ge for 1\ time
d
ri
Jr his arlmilli
tration. In 1822 M"jor
lIdher Wall ODe of the subscrihpI st.) a fund
for encting two bridgcs oyer tbe Don.
On the s
te of this ornamelltl\l cottagl"
Dr. B, 1,1 Win erected the s bstantill.l bri k
man:;;;on for a town residence where he died

1844. Th,' building, a pictule of which
IS g, Yen, subsequently bucame a mUtary
ho
pital, then tile ht'ad office of the Torr nro
an Nipissing railr an, and but re 61ltly
was dl,mm;letl and 011 it
site large ware-
houses wIll be erected.

12

CHAPTER LIlI.
ALEXANDER WOOD'S HOUSE.

Tbe Store and DWf'lling of a
co&('b Ba.:he-
lor Who Mlule IIt'l Home at I"ork Cor
Uan.f l"ears-t'lrøt Sidewalk in Towa.
Among the first settlers oÌ Y ûrk was Mr.
Wood, a Scotchman from Stonehaven, near
Aberdeen, who at first
8sociat( d himself in
business with William Alld.n, then one of
the most prominent men of the town, and
later s pa.ra.tin
himsdf from Mr. Allan,
carried on an indl'pendent business at the
north-west corner of King a.nd Frederick
s[nets. Mr. \Vood died about the beain-
n ng of the cl'ntury, and his brothrr Aiex-
antler \V o(,d came o:-er from Sco
iand to
take charge of his e<tate, he having bef'n
succes",fui in his lhercantile career at York
Mr. AI
xander W 00(1 was a bachelor, ar.d
I>eeing an opportunity to make mòre money
he COI.til
ued the bu"iness leit by his brother
in the same spnt, until somp time after the
wal" of 1812. Like his brother. Mr. Wood
was successful in his eommercial ope.-ations
here, ani acquired considerablt; property in
I he northern part of the town. The streets
!'Unnin\! ea
tward from Y ol1
e street above
Cariton street, pas'S acrJss land formerly
owned by Mr. \Y ood, and their names
Wood and Al :xand
r we: e 2iven in his
honour. Shonly after the wãr Mr, W ooå
retired from active life, but continued to
reside in the building in which he had car-
ried on bu
iness. It is said that the first
sid
wa;k laid on the muddy foo p ths of
York was put down before Mr Wood's
store, .Mr. W ooJ was one oi the pew-
holders in
t. Jaml's' church from its com-
mencement. III 1801 he was one of the sub.
scribers co the improvcme t of Y onge - treet,
th!Lt improvement being the bUlldina of a
bridge over the creek, and ravine be
w('en
the second and third mile posts, and a
so
was ,ppointed one of the commlttf'e to over-
sel' th:} work, one member ot which was to
h'spect the work in pf'rson daily. The other
members of thii commi. tee Wt're Dr. James
l\t'1caulay, \Villiam Al an, John C<l.merc>n,
SimoD McNab and Willia.m Weekes, the
last of whom was killed ill a duel fo 'ght at
N a
ara in 1806. Mr, Alexnnder Wood was
the secn.ta' y of t'le Loya.i a.nd P'ttrrotio

C)ciety of 1812. In th, taking of YOlk in
IS13 .Andrew Borlan,i w.s c..ptured, rpc iv-
11I
inthe struggle SIX gun shot wounds, I rom
which he ne\ er recovel'('d. Mr. D' Arcy
Boult n presenten a pe.ition to the society
in favour of Mr. Borlan,l, who had II. ell his
I clerk, and at 1\ meel ing of the IIwmbe..s of
, the committee held June n. 1813, th,. &ey.

178

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO..

,'L !n
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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

179

Is per lb.; Pork, p'r barrel, :e5 lOs;
Flour, per barrel, f:l 1003; Salt, per barrel,
f:l ; Spirits, per gal., 7s 6d; Reducecì Rum,
per gal., 58; Brandy, p
r gal., 12i 6d;
Hollands Gin, per gat, 10s; Treacle, per
gal., 6s 3d ; Alum, per lb., lld; Copp:>ras,
per lb., 6d; Tobacco, all kinds, per lb., Is
6d; Sole lea.ther. p'>I'lb., Is 61 ; Cow hides,
per aide, 123 6J ; Cow hides, per side, :&1;
Calf skins, p
r skin, 103 5d; Calf skins, per
skin, 17s 6d ; Nails, all øüea, per lb., lId;
Window giu-, p-,r 100 ft, !4; Window
glass per 100 ft., f:4 103; Putty, per lb.,
9d; Iron, Swedish, per owt., !2 10s ; IroB,
IEnglish, per cwt., f:2; Cl'II,wley ateel, per
b., 18 3d; Blistered s'eel, per lb., 18 Jd;
Iron pots tl.nd pana, per lb., 6.1; Plouab-
share moulds, per lb., 6d; Shovels a.nd
spa.de;!, each, 5J; Men'a ahoes, per pair,
7s 6d; Men's shoe
, per pair lis ; W omen'a
sboes, p
r pair, 53; Women's shoe8, per
pa.ir 1
6d; Flannels, per yard, Is 10l.i to
3s 9d; Cloths, p'r yat,d, 6s 6J-f:2 5e;
In(lian cottons, per piece, f:l-
l 59;
Printed cottons, par yarn, Is -28 ; Check
cottons, pel' yard, Is 10ld-2i 6d; Str;pød
cotton, per yard, Is lOid. -2,) 6d; Iriah
Linens, p!!r yard, 28-78 6d ; Rus>>ia meet-
in'{, per yard, 23 6 1-31; Blankets. per
pa.ir,
1-f:1 16..

Dr. Strachan, chairman, Alexander Wood,
secretary, \ViUiam Chewett, William Allan
and John Small bein
present, the minutes
shte tha.t, .. the pe
ition of .o'Arcy Boul-
ton, E
q., a memb.r of the society in favour
of Andrew Borland, was taken into conside-
ration, and the sum of sixty dollars was
voted to him on account of
is PII.trioÐC and
eminent services at D
troit, Queenston and
York, at which latter pla.ce he WM n:o
t.
severely wounded." The order to pay the
money was signed bi Alexander Wood.
Borland a.fterwards had a p:msion of twenty
pounds a year. Mr. \V ood returned to
Scotland where he had estates known as
Woodcut and Woodburnden, near Aber-
deen. He died intestat.>, and it was a long
time before the rightful heir to the QHa.tes
in Scotland and Canada was found. Dr.
Scadding gives the following interesting
personal reminiscences of Mr. Wood and his
house. He say.* "The windows of the
part of the house that had beE'n the store
were always seen with the shutter.:> closed.
Mr, \Vood was a bachelor, and it was no
Un cosy sight towards the close of the short-
ening autumnal days before the remaining
front shutters of the hou'J
were drawn in
for the evening to catch a glimp3
in pa8ð-
ing of the interior of his comforkble quar-
ters lighted up bv the blazing 106s on the
hearth, the table standing duly spread cloae
by, and the soli ary himself rum;nating in
his en air before the fire waiting fOI" candles
and dinner to he brought in. On Bunny "be Corner or rODEe aDd Goold 8treets-
mornings in winter he was often to b
Seen Ereeted AboDt tbe Time or 'be Ineorpora-
pa
ing the sidewalk in front of hii! p:-emises I Uon ur tbe (;1&7.
for exercise, arrayed in a long blue over- About the time that 'he town developed
coat with his right hand thrust for warmth; into a city John Wesley, a King street
into the cuff of his left sleeve, and his left seedsman, purchased a plot of ground
hand into that of his right." The house at the south,east corner of Y onge
which Mr. \V ood occupied as store and re- ãnå Gould streets, and erected on it the two-
siàence has been rep:Üred several times. storey brick building shown in 'he illua-
Recently it was partly burned. but tration. The d
ed to 'he property was from
it was pJ.tched up and fres- the :McCutcheon estate. Here Mr. WeslEY
coed anew, and is now to external appf'ar- kept a seed store for aeveral years. At the
ances as good as ever. About the :ime MI". time of the erection of the building Mr.
Wood retired from business, retail prices ill \Villiam Reynold:J conducted a bakery at
York ruled as given by Jame3 Strachan, a. the north-east corner of Francis and King
brother of Bishop Strachan, who paid th
street&. In the fire of aeveral years later he
town a visit in ISI9. The retail pri
e3 are was burned out, aDd in the aame
as follows, payable in Halifax currency:- year he purchased Mr. Wesley's
Grppn Tea, per lb., 5s ; Souchong, per lb., property. 1'1ut it was not until
7s 6d; Hyøon, per lb., 8s 9d; Loaf Sugar' 1842 thll.t he moved his businea<J there.
per lb., I i 3d; M.uscovado Sugar, At this time on the north.eut corner of
per lb., lld; Maple Sugar, per lb., Y onge and Gould streets was a amall build-
7id; Oa.tmeal, per lb., 9d; Barley, ing put up about the same time a.s Mr.
per lb., 9d; Rice, pzr lb., 7i'd; Wesley's by a man named LioDESS, On the
Candles, perlb., Is 6d; Soap, per lb., llrl; occupation of the south.ea8t corner by
Coft'ee, per lb., 2g 2d; Chocolate, per lb., Mr. Reyno!ds an addition was put
28 9d; Pepper, p-,r lb., Is lQid ; Allspice, to it running back on Gould street
per lb., 2s 6d; Cheese, Eng., per lb., Is by Mr. Baxter, on' of the prominen' build-
lQid; Cheese, Am., per lb., 10d; Butter, era of tha.t day and the father of AId. John

CHAPTER LIV.
AYONGESTREETCORNE

180

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

Baxter. Here Mr, R.f.YDolds carried on the I Mr, R<;)vno
ds. William and Joseph Stearns
bakery busin,e$s for
bout 30 years wh
n he and John Brown being the builders. After-
eurrend red It to his SOil Frank, who re- wards they were rented for various purpose,
mained thenl until he took another place on until pulled down in 1889.
Queen stre ,
_ Since that tim} there has
bE:en a number of baker tenants. In the --
early d
vs Gould street was only CHAPTER LV,
opened &8 far ea.at &8 Victoria JOHN SLEIGH'S HOUSE.
street, the land beyond being
J(
"" '
" " \ ë
Belldence on Dnke Street in Wbat Wa.
, I"

f
,-tL..I\1\\
: .........'.".\' " Once abe }lost A.'lstocraUc Section or tbe
,ÌJ jW;t':!

,,
" \<<!r

" íJ{ .. Ity or To. ' onto.

1\
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.

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....-!II"\":-

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;T
t:,':

l
"..j In the year 1835, John Sleigh, a 1 utcher,
'I!\
. ',
' '\ï'\
""'''
. '\; '., :'''',- ,;.-.::::- bui:t the two .tor, y lough,cast house shown
t
1"J': . ..,
\ , .: . _
..." ..-::
.;.:... in this ïlm:tration on the north side of
\ ',:' i, ' " fi;\ifr.', " I' .1-1t.,.,,:'Ø' tji Duke street, iu what was at one time
\

77'
'
': '-
' I-.:'
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one of the most fashioDable residence
, <, ,fl. .....,:....-.t' ,.. :Cl-f:" ''''\:/. / q r t f th t T th t d
I "V'ït:;t , ç.+.C- :: \
0{;,"o\l'i.-
:
ua ers 0 e own. 0 e eas war
J ' " · - l'
-1".:!
"i..... of it stoc>d the mansion buiit by Sir William
, I'", 'Yf ',- l'

I -- Campbe'.l and adjoining it on the west was
: ','r,
.'

;'
:!.:
:. -,' the fille r('s:denc
of Mr. James S, Howard.
;( \ ," !I.
c:
\
, ..... MI'. Wm. Campbell, for vean the Clerk of
ß. I ,,' - :::........ "'

, J A.size iu this city, occupied thi. house for
h .
j i
,
:- , :-
,,-
, l
, _ ,':', . :L: . '
-':
, " , " _ : _ yeø.n. Mr. Campbell was a
on of Sir \Vm.
r.
"'I t Ce.mpbea. Mr. Wm, Campbell, Son oj'the
f t. :;.. '.....L_

"
i A
.
I; "
) - " l
i
'
"'P occupant of the Slei(h house, is now Clerk
------=-:. M -" '"'"'-.\ 'l f h C t Ch h 0
. '!;L-

"E... ."'-. - ,,
' I \;I
0 I e rown a at am. nt.
"',
:2"" - - h-' Further on was the .tat.ly building of the
.

c

f::
'. 'i "
1"
J
:" ·
BJ.nk of Upper Canada which had been re-
"".
-'"
,I i"
,
;::t;. 1'\\-..:" moved from its originallocat;:>n at the cor-
I : \
'
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-.:,,,frl:.rI,,.'
W.tf. Iler of Kin g and FJ'.derick .treets.
I. $,.

,
.

"!"
f
fi \
.....;
. -, r:

'Þ?;, " r J.:;'- This buildlll
is now a Roman Catholic
,ii, Æ\h

\'"
_... y
,_ :,
institution. Opposite Mr. 81o:gh's house
e , . -

'
"' \ ' , ' ,_' " , ' , ' . I,ll,; ú:
,
, on the south ðide of Duke .tree' were also
, - ')- u;' handsûme hou!es. In one of them Jived
, \. ,
,
,: -:="i '. J',
, h <. Cl\ptain 'fruscott, one of the financiers of
" , I

"
,; .;;.
:, ,. that day, who afterwards moved to Buffalo.

L = =i. IJ ;'! , \"1 ..:
.-..r' In another William PC' udf..ot, the he&d of
! , ' \
_
_ .... _ c= . :=y:- _
_
1
, . , .

kw1 ,. .., _ , . '.'
d the Ba.nk of Upper Canada lived. At a later
_ . :-3
..}
date MI'. Proudfoot built Keanmy House, OD
,
.,=;, the site of Frank's nursel'y ('arden, one of
\ :..r
J
:!
:
l the early gardens of York, which occupied
1 'I '
a plo' of Rround Dea.r the Sand-
\øi ,.
:i ";,,T'
" ! -
· hi;! on Y onge street. Of this later

fi/ J i
; .\,1' (' ' d D S dd ' ' K
1\
Z'f; \
;;
-;.m;"iT"I'/" res! !'nce r, ca mg ..ys: . earsny
I "
Í'/

J 1j ./ House, Mr. :Proudtoot's. the
r()unds of
,
f/' r .. ' , '\ I which (ccupy the .ite of Frank'. nursery
'..... . .:_ . j
f :

,': '.; J.{arden, i. a comp"rative:y modem erection,

':-"
I . .. I. " .. ' dating from about 1845, aD architecturd

-.
\ .. ... " J object nlgarded with no kindly glance by
the final holders of thar('s in the B:.mk ot
CORNER YONGE AND GOULD S'l'BEETS. Upper Canada, an institution which in the
a wood known &8 M\:Cutcheon's bush. Peter infancy of the couDtry had a mission and
McCutcheon inherited the bulk of Colonel fu,filled it, but which il'ievously be-
John McGil,.s p: operty, and by authority tr., ved those of tbe sccond a;ceneration
of an Act of P.uliamel1t aSl:iumed 1ihe Dame who, relyiu{( on its traditionary st,'rling
of M.cGill, under which he becam
well repute continued to trURt it!' With Kc&rs-
known through Upper Canada as the Hon' l n y Hous
too is lJ.88ociated the recollection
Peter .MeUill. Thc two brick bmldings not only of Ihe president so long id
ntified
south of and adjoining the corner once looked with the B.lllk of Upper Canada, but of the
as though they might haye been transported' financier) Mr. Cassells, who as a kind ot
from some early Dutch settl
ment in New I deus ez machina en
lIged at an annual
York State. They were erected in 184H by .alary of ten thousand dollar. wu ex-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

181

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182

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

pected to retrieve the fortunes of the in-
stitution, but in vain, although for a aeries
of years after being pronoun
ed mori-
bund it continued to yield a handsome
addition to the income of a numLer of
persons. Mr. Alexander Murray, subse-
quently of Y orkviile and II. merchant of the
olden time of York, occupied the residence
which preceded Kearsny House on the

'rank prop
rty. Mr. Slehrh iived in..his
Duke street residence several year8, during
which he conducted the butcher business in
Toronto. He afterward moved to Y orkville,
The Duke street house is still standin't

CHAPTER LVI.
FREELAND'S SOAP FACTORY.

One of Ibe Early HanuCarturlnK Establlsb-
melilS or Work-8ome InlereHtilig Incl.
denls (:onnecled wUb Us BI. I or". .
The following sketch will at once be re-
cOj;tnized by all of our older citizens as a.
familiar friend. They will also remember
it with pleasure as a.n institution wh:ch
contributed lan!:t'ly to thl'Ïr comfort by
helpin
to throw light npon the dark days
of this city's early history.
The originator, builder and prFsiding
genius of the estllb1i
hment, was the late
Mr. Peter Freeland of Glasgow, Scot-
land. In the year 1819, Mr. Freeland emi-
grated to Amedca, cros
ing the Atlantic
in the first passenger ship run by 1 he Allan
line of steamships. Arriving in Kew York
he Tery soon traveUed north to Montreal,
where he and his brother, Mr. \VilIiam
Freela.nd carried on the soap al1å candle
business until the year 1830, when he sold
out and came to Toronto, then called York,
"h 3 re he erected a lar
e and well-appointed
manu acturing establishment.
Our
ngraving is cop:ed irom the orig,
ina . now in the pos,.;ession of Mr. Robert
Freeland of this city. and drawn by him
over fort)' yea.rl ago.
The land, and land covered by water.
upon which the Luilding was erected, was
purcha.sed the west half from Judge
I!herwood in 1832, and the east half in 1836,
from Peter McDougall. The factory was
frame and stood on the wharf at the foot of
Y (lnge .treet on the east sidt'o The water
lot extended from Scott to Y onRe
.treet, and from the top of the
bank to the windmill ,ine, and owing
to the fact that a
most the whole
property was land covered with water, the
soap works had to be built on cribs sunk
with stone. The dimen
ions of the building
were uin.
ty feet by forty, and three storl'Ys
high. ha.ving large (Iouble door.. in each end.
Some of the iron soap,kettles. and st'ctions

of kettles, were imported from Scotland, a.s
at that early date there were no facilitiee
for maki',g them in Canada. The balan<:e
of the machinery or pla.n t was made in
Canada, f xcepting the candle mould8.
which had to be import('d from the
Unitc.d States. The two large sheds
shown in the foreground of our sketch. that
ii the long one to the Tight. and that in the
centre, were used for storing wood ashes,
lime and ice. From the ashes the pota"h
alka.Ii for converting the tallow,
rease,
rosin. &c., into soap, was extract-
ed. The lime was used for causticis.
ing the ahove - named alKali by mixing
it in certain proportions with thf' ashes pre-
vious to leaching with water. The ice was
used in wal m weather for the purpose of
hardening the candles in the moulds, 150
that they might be more easily extracted.
The larve shed to the left was a
torehouBe,
where rendered tallow in barrels was
stor('d. the supp1y being drawn from Cana-
da, the Uniteü-States, and Russia. 0 her
raw materia.ls were used in large qua.ntities,
such as palm oil from the wef>t coast of
Afl ica. and rosin. principally from the
Carolinas.
'The buildings shown in the rear of our
sketch Qre the wal ehouses on the Y onge
street wharf, which wt!re built in 1841 on crib
work, Eunk with stones in twelve. or
more. feet of water. Very few of the
oril:1,inal stocl, holdenl of the Y onge
street wr..arf are now alive. Many
once well known names were included in
the list, which is as fo low8 :
T. D. Harris, hardwlI.re mercha.nt;
Peter Freeland. soap manufacturer;
\-V. D. T,'ylor, soap manufacturer;
W. RO
8, merchallt
Alex. Ogilvie. mer-
chant; G. B. Dickson, merchant; H. J.
Boulton, Esq.; Andrew Meroer. Esq.; W. A.
Baldwin, Esq.; Alex. Rennie. baker; Geo.
Douglas. gt'ntleman; John Somerville,
en-
t:eman; Franklin Jackes, I{entleman ; Geo.
Lawrence. of Bro
kville, merchant; D vid
Paterson. merchant; Chas. Ber
zy. E- q.;
Thos_Carfrae, Esq.; John Eastwood, sta.lion-
er; Thos. Clarke, hatter; Joseph Rogers,
hatter; Geo. B('8twick. wheel-wright; J.
M. StranRe. auctioneer; Thot!. Thomp .on,

hoemaker; Jam! s Leslie, stationer; Thos.
RiiZney, merchant; H. 1\1. Sutherland, gro.
cer; Chas. Thompson, I{entleman; Richard
'linning. wharfinger; John McMm'r:ch.
muchant ; G,'O. MO(lre. merchant;
Edwin BfÙ. chandler; Samuel
Shaw. cutler ; Geol'
e Bilton,
tatlo!'; Richard La.urie.
ent]eman; Stan-
bus Damel. innkeeper; John Robertson,
merchant; John Ritchie, builder; J. C.
Gib.on, merchant; Ed. McElùerry, Ja.mes

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

St. Clair, Richmond Hill, m
rchant; Geo.
R Willa.rd, ironmonger; \Vrn. Flock, mer-
chant; 'Valter Rosp, gent eman; Robert
Beard, John Bell, E:q., \Vm. Ketchum,
Esq.; James Charles, merchant; Geo.
Denholm, merchant; John C. Bett-
rid (!e , merchant; John Arm8tron
, mer-
chånt ; Jesse Ketchum, tannH; John East-
wood, merchant; John Elgie. innkeeper;
Jeremiah Iredale, tinsmith; J
lm Gibsvn,
plasterer; Ca.therine Drummond, widow;
Robt. \Yalker, tailor; TholS. Dick, gentle-
man; Wm. Townslt'Y, brickl1laker; Wm.
M. Westmacott, mercha.nt ; Peter Pa.terson,
jr., mercha.nt; Alex. McGregor, innkeeper;
Alex. Murray, merchant; Wm. March, shoe-
maker; Arcbiba'd Laurie, merchant (Mont.
rea.:) ; Richard Brewer, bookbinder; Peter
Brown, carpenter. The water frontage was
Jea.sed by Peter Freeland to trustees t0r
he
sharebolders. The trustees were Roberc; Bald-
win and Peter Paterson. The wha.rf was built
by Richa.rd Tinning I\nd tàe capital put in
by the company was æ3,1l2 10s. The whole
of thp, stock was subsequently acquired by
Peter Freeland and the lease caacelled, and
the property now belongs to the Freela.nd
utate.
The bay wu full of wild duoks in the
e&rly days, and were 80 plentiful around
the wharf tbat Mr. Freeland used to shoot
them from tbe factory door or windows.
Mr. Richard Tinning was one day walk.
illi along the shore, when some ducks flew
up from the water. He fired at them with.
out looking where tbe shot wa.a goin
, and
it crashed into the windows of the factory.
Mr. Freel&nd ran out, with a number of
mtn, to repel the invaders. In the factory
was a tame muskr&t that used to dine on
fish caught by tbe men. The fishermen dried
their nets alon
side of the f&ctory, and one
day the muskratgotintothenetand was being
hauled in. He swam 8oround inside of the
wooden o.oats t, yin2 to ma.ke his eSCape;
findinl{ that he could not dive under them,
he suddenly sprang onr and tbus mad.e his
esc
pe.
The Indians used to catch large quanti.
ties (,f mU8krats on the Island, &nå wfluld
land their Canoes and cargoes of muskrats'
skiDs on the beach, which wa.s very wide &t
this point.
During the war of 1837 l8obour w
j;0
scarce that Mr. Freeland could not get men
enouQ;h to cut the soap into bars. He then
ran the soap into boxes, and sold it in one
solid mau, &8 the boxes formrd it into
shape.
After work W&8 done the men Employed
in the factory would tlit around the kitchen
4re mouldin
bullets.
Mr Freeland Ii VI d in rooms fitted U1) in the

183

factory at the time, and comin
home I&te one
cold winter night, he found a soldier lying
on the snow, under the influence of liquor.
He sent some men who were workin2 late
to brin
him in. They wrapped hIm
in buffalo skins, and left him in the factQry.
After a while he awoke, found himself in
the da.rkness, and creeping abou t came to
oue of the large soap kettles, about twelve
feet deE'p, Seeing the window on the other
side, he thought it was a barrier to his
further progress, and trying to get over it.
or around it, he fell into the kettle, which
was empty. The serva.nts, aroused
by the noise he ma.de, came upon tbe
scene with li
hts, but thought he waS safer
in than outside of the kettle, so he stayed
there until morning, wben Mr. Freeland put
in a ladder 80nd fished bim out. Then he
stole along the 'Jhore, trying to avoid ob8er-
vllotion, and thus reached the Ga.rrison.
The ndghbours used to keep a hole (,pen in
tbe ice,durinl! the winter, for the purpose of
procuring water. One day Chief Justice
H:lgerman's cow came to take a drink 8011
the hole, and feU in, and could not get out.
Mr. Free1and's workmen came to the res-
cue, and got her out, brouyht her into the
factory, and when she was warmei turned
her out. One of the men followed to see
where she would go, and she made her way
directly to Chief Justice Hagerman's
yard.
The ruins of Dr. Kinct's o
d building were
oppo.ite tbe factory. On occasions of pub-
lic rejoicing, it was cUKtoIDary to rout an,f)X
whole in the cellar of the buildinjl. On the
occasion of the Queen's coronation, a large
ox W&8 roasted in the cellar of this house,
and was taken down to the Market square
by Mr. James Brown, on a. slei
h drawn by
four hClries, where a great festival and din-
ner was given to the peop e.
Mr. Freeland's tallow u8ed to be brought
in Bchoonerø from Rochester. A schooner
thus loa.ded was once caught in a terrihle
storm off the Island, &Dd the sailors threW'
the car20 of tallow into the lake. At the
same time there was a consiòerable amount
of sa.1 t on board, which might much better
have bl en thrown overboard, instead of the
more valuable tallow, the salt being in tbe
h.old and the tallow on deck. For weeks they
were fishing up this tallow abng the shore of
the lake. Many tricks were practised by these
Yankee ta.llow merchar.ts, a,; for instance,
on opening one of the barr
ls a large stone
was f, und imbedded in it, weighing about
one hundred pound!', which Mr. Free
&Dd
had paid for as tallow.
On Sunday 10renoon a nun:tber of be,ys
were sailing arcund the fa.ctory on planks.
One of the boys fell into the water. and was

184

LAND\1ARKS OF .
1 ORON fO,

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

lobS

in danger of beinjZ drowned. H
h
d sunk
two feet below the surfa::1e of the water,lmd
all hop1 oi saving him was Q;one, when sud-
denly an old workman, by the name of John
Lawrence, ran from the C'l.bin in whIch he
lived, p.J.rtially dress
d
jumped into the
watel', I!wam out to and snatched the boy
by the hair, and deposited him among the
spectators on the bank, then walk-
ed off to his dwe ling, a
king no th3.nks.
lord Elgin landt'd atthe Y onge street wharf
when he first vishel 1'oronto. ThoUBJ.uds
of cituen5 thronged the approllo,)h to see
him land. The windows of the factory
were invariab:y ligh,tel up with candles on
publio occasions, such as the Queen's birth-
dav or coronation.
burin
the winter the steamer Chief J us-
tice Robinson landed her pds;enger
at the
Queen'. wharf, and one spring tho; ice was
cut all the way up to Y onge street wharf.
in oròer to get in a !tea.mer with a ca.rgo
of spring goods.
The American st
&mers u!!led to arrive on
Sunday moming, and crowds of peoplt' wen t
down to see them land. The wha.rf W&S a
p'Jpular promenade for the pec.p:e an hour
or two be
ore church time, to watch the
boats come in.
O,le of the early schooner. tha.t brought
tallow to the factory W&S the Peacock, Capt.
Vo11ar. 0.1 oue occ!
sioD the boat was
froz
n in at Cha.rlotte ha.rbour. Mr. Free-
land went OYer and offerell a reward to any
one who could cut her out. Many tried,
but Done could effect it. At last the t:-tl.C\w
bad to be brought on sleiQ;hs around the
head of the lake to Toronto.
On one occasion Mr. Freeland went to the
State3 to purch \se tallow, and &fter secur-
ing a larQ;e qu80ntity at a tallow-reuderine
establil!hment, he went b Ick to his hotel.
Comini down after dark to see the
place he Saw the fires all going. anò
thought it looked rather dangerous, so
he said to them. II I dQn't like [he look of
this pl8oce, roll my barrels out into thi;;
field." Accordingly five hnndred ba.rrels
WèN 1'01' ed out, and he pdid for tJ.e ex-
pense. Next morning he sa.w the whole
place in ruins, &nd his tallow over in the
field we. The Y a.nke
s complim:mt
d him
upon his caution.
Urquhart was one of the e&rly lessee
of
the wharf. After him came W m. .M.
Gorrie, then Upton & Co.. then'Voolley,
H II &. Tnurston. and then thp Millon.
DurinQ; the tróuble of 1837. Mr: John
Robertson, wholesale merchant of Y onge
stl'ect, W&9 one of the men on lZuard at th

City Hall. Tne next morllin
he came up
to his dfice on some bns:ne<s, a.nd met \V'm.
M. Gorrie, who spok: tC1 him about the re-

b
llion, uttering some disloya.l senti menu.,
upon which Mr. R(Jber
80n pulled his
bayonet out of its scabbard, and threa.tened
to run him throuzh if he made use of that
expression again. - Tbii warning had the
desired effect.
The engineer who built the wharÏ was
named Ruy The next wharÏ east of this
wal! ca.l ed Brc.wne's wharf. Close to this "n
the east was Ewart's. The city map of 1842
shows seven wharves - the Queen's,
at the foot of Ba.thurst street; th.J Cummis-
sariat wharf. at the foot of John
street, which has long !!ince d:sap-
peared; Tinning's wharf. at the foot of
Y urk street, where it still stands; the
Y onge street wharf, Freeland's; Brown's,
east of Scott street; next Ewart's,
and Jastly Maitland's wharf, &t the
foot of Church street. BV this map
the entire northern part of the city appears
to b: fields and bush. No building of any
consequence appears DOI,th of Queen, then
Lot street, wi; h the exception of a few
honses on Y onge street.
Mr. Freela.nd, a:on,! with other property
owners, had a dispute with the citV &8 to
the northern boundary of the lots. Ex-
perts were employed
o dig into thE' ground
to find the original bank, Bishop S.I"&chan
used to walk up that way from the church
to his p'l.lace. For years a relic IIoround the
factor} was & bombshe ,supposed to have
been used in the wa.r of 1812 or the rebel1ion
of 1837.
For year8 &n old schooner remained high
and dry ou the lot alongside of the fac-
tory, and WII." a playground for the
boys, swinging from its pendant ropes and
halyards. A la.rge schooner WH.8 built above::
the Greenbu;;h Ta.vern on Y onl!e 8treet. It
was brought down Y onge stlreet, night aftt}r
night, and day atter day. for about a fort-
nh,ht. It W&ti launch2d at Yonge stree

wharf.
1n the early davs there w&s a magnificent
row of oak tree:J at the top of the bank,
west of Y ol1ge street. A son of Mr.
Joscph Rogers, hatter, shot a. racoon up
in the branc les. There wa.s an old hickory
tree on th:J bank, near the fa::tory. one half
of which, it Ïi said. bore hickory nuts and
the other half haws.
A manaQ;erie once visited the town, and
during the day the elephants were bron
ht
down to the b:lY, They buried themselvea
in the water dll but the tips of their trunks,
a.nd were with great difficulty brought out
alZain.
Samuel Sherwood, formerly Chief of Po-
lice and City Registrar, once saved the life
of a little coloureå b(\y who fell off the
wharf into the bay. Gorrie saved another

186

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

boy by jumping into the water with a r(Jpe
around his waist.
The Cherokee wa.s an .l!:nglish wa.r ateamcr
wbich visited tbe barbour. The commander
put up a target on the island and practised
ball-shooting. Under the treaty with tbe
United States ollly one war ship was al-
lowed on tbe lakes. An old woman on the
is]8ond was frightened a1most to de80th
by the shots wh:zziue: around her cottae:e.
Mr. Freeland had an ice cellar dug out
of the bank on Front street. opposite tbe
American Hotel.
The two boys named Dean on summer
lIiQ;hts would briI1
out their drum8 and
ba.ng away for an hour or two every Friday
evening on the edge of the hill.
'fbe deeds of the property only gave the
frnn'a
e to the water edge. II!!O thAt the fac-
tory hOod to be built on cribs, sunk in the
water. Some of these foundations were
discovered wben I he G. W. R. built their
station on the site.
When the Freeland boys w80nted to fish
they had not far to 20 ; they just put their
polu out of the windows and ma.naged it
that way.
The Grand Trunk Railway cars used to
run on tht' edl;te 1ft he bank on the south
.ide {If Front street bQfore the building of
the E!',p'ana !e, a::d in the low"r ril{ht hand
corner d our sketch may be seen what wall!!
intended to represent the railway tracks.
In the early year8 of the hislory of To-
ronto ma.nyonce famous steamers, whose
names are unfamilia.r to the present J1;enera-
tion, brouiht their cargoes of va
uable
freight to tbe dock and warehouses 8hown
in our sketch. On one occasion a schooner
la.den witb wood w80s wrecked (in a. storm,
and W&8 dri yen &ahore 80t tbe foot
of the bank, a few feet I!outh of tbe
.treet line of the row of brick bui:dingl now
on the corner of Front and YonQ;e streets.
So carl'Íul was Mr. Freeland tbat, not-
withstanrliI1g the ilJßammable ßuterial kEpt
in the building, no fire ever occurred. He
was the last man in the building to see that
everything was safe. He was a consistent.
Refurmer, and took an active intere-it in po-
litical a.nd relie:ious matters. He was a dea-
con in the Congrej.!ational church, of which
.ause in this city he was one of the origina-
tors, and was for many years trea;::urer of
the Bible Society.
Mr. Freeland died in 1861. He left
two son.. William 80nd Robert. Mr. Wm.
Freeland is a barrister, now residin
on Ba.y
street, Tnronto, and Mr, Robert Free-
land is co,mopolitan, his businesfI takin

him to most of the 1ar'te cities of i\ merlC&.
He is an inventor of soap' making ma-
chinery.

CHAPTER LVII.
THE SHAKESPEARE HOTEL.

A. Hostelry Formerly )filch Patronized by
A.dora-The Only Theatre in Town Half
b (;entury A.
o-A. Great "'tre.
Half. a century ago there stood where
the present Shakespeare hotel now stands,
at the north-ea.!:!t corner ot York and King

treets, a. medium-shed frame building,
two storles in height and painted white.
It had a gable fronting on !t ork street, and
the entrance was on that street. Thi9
b.ilding was erected about 1831 anti in it J.
Rob:nette Garside kept a mechanics' board.
in
house. In 1835 J. Jamieson kept a
boalding house here. In 1843 Jame;i Mir-
field, an Enßlishman, kept a hotel here. It
was called the Shakespeare hotel. A
sketch of the house may be seen ill J. G,
Howard's view of Chewett's buildin
s
in the üity Hall. On August 21, 1843,
a great fire ravaged this pa.rt of
the town. and the we
tern half of the
block bounded by King, Pea.rl, (tben Boul-
ton,) York aDd Bay streets. consisting
mostly of frame houses, was almost totll.lIy
destroyed. The fire occurred in the day
time. In those d80Ys the facilitie'l for
giving the alarm and for extinguiahinp;
fire were lamentably inadequate. Tbe
only en
ines were little
ol)sp.-neck hand
machines, so ca.lled from the pump IHl.rt of
engine projecting above the deck. The
pipe came up throu
h .his with . turn
at the top to which the hose W&I at-
tached. Eacb engine was manned with
sixteen men, ei
ht on each side a.t the
brakes or side bars by which the pump-
ing was done. Tltese enginE's threw only
a five-eighth or three-quarter inch stream
about 140 feet. The British Coloniat gives
the following account of the fire :-" A
dreadful fire broke out yesterday foren'lon,
about halt-past ten o'clock, on King .treat
we8t, wit hin a short distance from Stone'/!
hotel. on the opposite side of the s.reet. At
a rough
ue8S from thirty to for ty house.l
are s!l.id to be destroyed. the neighbourhood
being a very crowded {ne. The tire is said
to haye broken out in the rear of Baker's
tavern. th6 Prince Alfred. At 11 :30 it waR
at its great height, extendiD
along King
street and back to Broad lane, c(Jverins
nea.rly one hundred square yards, and t.he
heat by this time was so intense on King
street that many of the roofs of the build,
ine:s opposite b
gan to take fire. .
Amon
I he tenants were Messrs. March,
Byman, Ba.ker, Titson, Brown, Wl'ij;(ht,
Cle
gett, Harris (coloured ma.n), Mr..
Roberts (Joiners' Arms), and Mr. ConnelL

LA
DMARKSOFTOROKTQ

187

>

00

>

18B

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

. If anything on such an occasion
is deserving ûf censure it is the mischievous
seal of friends, who, without beiní! known
or oonnected in any way with thë fire de-
partment, display th3ir anxiety in pitching
out furniture and gutting peoplc's houses in
spite of every remOl1st.'ance that can be
urged. Mr. M rfield was much annoyed by
a set of this dpscription. One fellow in his
anxiety to make himself useful was carryinJ
away a clo.!.k to some place of safl'ty no
doubt. Another had commenced to bundle
everythi.l
into the street, and it was only
by vt'ry rough measures that thp house was
frepd tlOI. them. The rear of the
Shakespeare hotel was bU! n
d. Immediate-
Iv after this fire T. D. Harris, a prominen
hardware merchant of the city, who was chi f
of the fire brigade, resigned his position.
Curiously enough. nine yeArs later Mr.
Harris suffered 'treat loss by a. confla.gration
which totally destroyed his store and stock.
Old residflnts will recol!E:ct the hanging of
Stephen Turn V for the murder of \Vm.
McPhiLip3 at M.arkham in 1844, TurnflY
boarded at the Shakespeare 110 tel wiLh
his wife at the time. Turney was
\rres:;ed a
few d 'ys after the murder by J. B. Townsend,
who at one time was a soldier and elf tel"
wards a policeman. Both Townsend and
Turnpy had served in the same reiZiment.
He went ou+; to Markham to IDcate
he
murderer, and when returning to Toronto
met Turnev and arre8ted him. The Hon.
F.'ank Smith was a fp.llow cle k with Me-
Phillip3 and both Were in the emp!oy of
Francis LO
a.D, who ha 1 a lar
e store in
Toronto and a store in many of the adjoin
ing villages, There was 110 theatre in town
then, so to accommodate th6 p.ople of
Toronto" small frame theatre was built at
the rear of the hotel to the east with its
entrancf. by a lane from KÌ'12 street, and
nearly a hundred feet in off the street.
This plac
of amus
ment seated about
three hundred. There were no gallerie3
but tiers of elevated seats rose above
one another at the rear of the pit
Notwithstauding the lim:ted tacilities some
vpry good plays wer..? presented here.
Old residents r,m2mber with particular
satisfaction the acting of the Thomep Î:1
comedy, e,pecialiy Mrs. Thorne's rendition
of the part of Lady Gay
panker in
"London Assurance. " Tragedies were also
p.
rfolmed at t'Ï.mes. On ac
ount of its
proximity to the theat;re. the Sh lke8p
are
hotel became a popular stoppin
place for
th3 actors and as such it is principaJIy
,n'Jted. The theatrf3 continued op -n until
John Ritchey built th
Lyceum a little
t!outh of King 8;reet, the entrance to it
being through the arch-way next to what

is now No. 99 King street we3t, Mr.
Ritchey, who was a builder, also put up
the block of brick buildin!!s known ILl!
Ritchey's Terrace, on the north side of
Adelaide stre<'t, west of Sheppard, on the
land where !lis large carpenter shop form-
erly stood. Soon afterward the Kini:
a.nd York street theatre wa.s torn down.
The hotel wa,s conducted for many years
by Mr. Mirfield until his d!ath. Hid
widow carr ed on the hotel afterwards, and
subsequentl)- married Capt. John Kerr, one
of the most popular men on the lakes.
Capt. Kerr was the mate of the steamer
Eclips!, which for so many years ran on
Lake Ontllo'io. The captain was a fine
pOl'tìy gentleman, stood over six feet in
height and was larve in prop')rtion. He
was li:æd by all who knew him. Soon
after his death Mrs. Kerr
ave up bu.;ine
s
and went out of the c:ty. During Captain
Kerr's time he was the owner of a very fine
Newfoundland dog, tha.t kept watch at the
house and followed his master as he wou fd
wend his way to the Market. The do
had
a.round his deck a brown collar with a bras.
plate attached to it, and on the plate was
engravpd "\Vhose dog ar
you 1" "I am
John Kerr'8 dog." Miss F,mny Mirfiel.1,
the only dau!!hter of Mrs. Mirfield, married
Mr. Robert Wilson, who for years had the
hotel out at the junction of the Dundas and
Lambton roads, opp
site the Peacock.
After that hotel was pulled down by the
Credit Valley Railway, Mr. Wi son went to
Brampton, where he noW' succes'!fully ca.r-
ries on the same business.

CHAP'l'ER LVIII.
DR. GRANT POWELL'S HOUSE.

.A Richmond "'re.' Dwelllnlf, .DU .lIe
Realdf'nce or a PI'olDlneD& Fljtnre In ,...
War or 181
-IneideDt. .t 'he War.
Among the early residents of York was
Dr'. Grant Powell, the third son of William
Dummer Powell, who is described as a
handsome rt:production on a large scale of
hi
father, the Chief J LJstice. Dr. Powell
was born in N orwieh, En't1a.nd, May 24,
1779. After receivin
a liberal and medical
eciucation in the land of his birth he mi.
grated to the United States about the
beginning of the century and settled a.t
Stillwater, N. Y., where he began the
practice oÏ his profession. Here, in 1805.
he m1.rrÎ.>d Mi
s Bleecker, of the well-
known Knickerbocker family of that name.
D.'. J:'owdl practisE:d medicine in StÍliwater
until 18H, when the pro1>pect of war be-
tween the United Sta.tes a.nd Great Br;tai.

189

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

led him to give up his p..
ctice and move to
Canada. He settled in Montreal at first,
and practised a short time there; thf'n he
i:ame to York about the beginning of 1812.
\Ve learn from a letter written by Sir
Isaac Brock to Sir George Provo..t that
durhg the war Dr. Grant Powell had the
-cOl.fidence of the Civil and miìitary com-
manders.
In a letter addressed to Colonel B3ynE'S
from New York, July 23. 1812, Glneral
Sir Ii'>aac Brock writes: .. I wish very
much f'omething might be done for Mr.
Grant Powell. He was regularly brou
ht
up in England 80S a surgeon. I intended
to have prop0sed to Sir Geor
e to ap-
point him permanf'nt surgeon to the
m3.rine department, but I now seriously
think the s:tu..tion would not answer.
His abilities I sh(Juld think might be
more fully emp'oyed now that
o malJY
troops have been called out." Subse-
quently Dr. Powell was appointed
urgeon,
having charge of all hospital arrangements
on the Niagara f:'ontier.
Mr. T. G. Ridout made a memorandum
May 5, 1813, in which Dr. Powelì's name
appears. This is the memorandum :
.. I Idt York on Sunday the second in-
stant. at noon, at which time the Ameri-
-can fleet, consisting of the Madison, Oneida,
and ten schlonf'rs wIth the G10ucester
were' ying at anchor about ten mi1es from
the Garrison, wind-bound by a south,east
wind. All their troops were embarked the
evening bt>fore, excfpting a small party
who burnf'd the large block honse, gov-
ernment house and dlìc':'rs' quartf'r
.
At nine in the morning a na,"al officer
came down to town and collected ten
men out of the taverns where they had
been all ni
ht. The commissariat ma f1 a-
zines were shipped the preceding d
ys
and grea.t quanti-ties of the provisions given
to our country pee pIe who brought their
waggons down to assist the Am ricans to
transpOl't the public stores found at Mr.
Elmsley's house and at Boulton's barn.
Th.e .kwer block-house and government
bUIldIngs were burned on Saturd,.y. Major
Givins' and Dr. Puwell's hou
{;s were en-
tirely plnnder
d by thp. . nemy and some
persons irom the Humber. Jackeol1 and
his two sons and Sudrlen, the butcher, hr.d
been riding through the country order-
ing the militia to come in and be pnt
on their parolf's, which caused great num-
bers to obey vo1untarily and throueh
fear. Dnncan Campron, E
q., <Ïeliverëd
all the monies in the Rc ceÌ\'er.Genel'al's
hands to the amount, as I undelstand, of
i:2,500, over to Captain Elliot, of the
l..merican navy, the enemy havinll threat-

ened to burn the town if it was not given
up. On Friday the 30 h the Chief Jus-
tice, Jud'Ce Powt'll, my father, Dr.
Strachan I1nd D. Camet'On called unon
General Vearborn, requesting he would
allow the magistrates to retam their au-
thority over our own people. Accordingly
he issued a general order, saying it was
not his intention to df'prive the magis-
tracy of its civil function..;; that they
shou'd be mppnrteà, and if any of the
United States troops committed allY depre.
dation a strict scrutiny into it should
foll(,w. The gaol was given up to the
sht'riff, but no prisoners. The public pro-
vincial pa.perg were found out. but or-
dered to be protected, so that nothing was
destroyed, excepting the bOt k.., papers,
recOl ds and furniture of the Upper and
Lower Houses of AssemLly. It was s id
thf'Y had destroyed I')ur lei ters and ;:aken
away the cannon. The barracks Wf're not
Lurnt. The American omcer3 said their
force on the 27th was three theu and
land force and one thousand Feamen and
marin"'cs. and that their Joss Was five
hundredkiIIed and wounrle,1. T. G. Ridout,
Kin
ston, May 5, 181R" During the war
Dr. Grant Po.vell bore an imnortant re
I:Üion to the G()vernor-General
:\nd per-
haps the crmdition of afl'air,; in York after
the seconcl attack of the Ameri
ans in
July, 1813, cannot be better described
than by quotinJ;t the communIcation made
by Dr. G.-ant Powell and Dr. Strnchan
to the Govemor-General on
-\UgUSL 2, 18J3,
wh ch was as follows:
.. \Ve beg leave to st'J.te, for the info' ma-
tion of his Excellency the Governor Gen-
eral, that about eieven o'clock on Satur-
day morning the enemy's fleet of twelve
sail were seen standing for the harbour.
Almost all :he gentlem!'n of the town hav-
ing retired, we pr
cef'ded to the Garrison
about 2 o'clock and watched until 3
o'clock, when the Pytel', the Madison and
Oneida came to a.nchor in the e,ffing, and
the Rchoonel s continued to pass up the
harbour with thpir :,.weeps, the willd hav-
ing become 'lght, then coming to abreast
of the town, the remainder rear the
Ga-rison. Ahout. 4 o'clock several boats
fuII of tr' op;<\ h ded at the Gan ison,
and we. I ea.ring a white flag, desirC'd
the first offi tH .. e met to (:olHluct us to
Comu1C1dore \.Jllauncey. We IDf'ntionf'd to
the Comtroùore that the inhabitants of
Y ork, consistin
chi. fly d wr men and
chiIrlren, were alarmed :\t the IIpproach of
t he fleet, and that we had come to know
his intention r specting the t"wn; that
if it were to be pillaged or dt"dtlOyed we
millht take such measures as Were, a:ill

190

LAND.\lARl\S OF TOROXTO.

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c I

I

I
I
t

LA
DMAR.KR OF TORONTO.

191

in our power for their rem9val and pro.
tection. We added that the town was
totally defenceless, the militia being still
on parole, a.nd that the gentlemen had
left it h,lvin
heard that the principal in-
habitants of Nia!!ara had been carried
away captive, a. severity unusual in war.
Commodore Chauncey replied that it was
far from his intention to molest th
in-
habitants of York in person or property;
he was sorry that any of the '{en tIe-
men had thought it necessary to retire,
and that be did not know of any person
taken from Niagara of the description
mentioned. Colonel ðcott, the commandant
of the troops, said that a few persons
had certa.inly been taken away. The Com-
modore told us that his coming to York
at present was a sort of retaliatbn for
the visits our fleet P1ade on the other
side of the Ja.ke and to possess himself
of the public stores and destroy the fortifi-
cations, but that he would burn no houses.
He m.:ntione.i somethiug of Sodus, and the
necess ty of retaliation should such measure
b'3 taken in future. He like-
wise expressed much rel{ret at the destruc-
tion of OUt. public library. April 27th, in.
forming us that he had made strict search
through his fleet for the books; many of
them had been found whicn he would
lend back by the first flag of truce. He
then asked what pub!ic store'3 were here,
a question which we could not answer. In
parting both the Commodore and Colonel
Scott pledged their honou'" that our
persons and property shou'd be re-pected,
and that even the town should not be en-
terecl by the troops, much less by a.ny
gentleman there. As we were quieting the
minds of the inhabitants the troops took
possession of the town, openetl the j.\il,
liberated the prisoners, taking three soldiers,
confined for felony, with them; they
visited the hospitals and paraded the few
men that could not bt' removed. They
then entered the stores of Mr. Allan
a.nd Mr. St. George. and secured - the con-
tents, consistin
chiefly of flour, Observ-
ine: this we went to Col. Scott and in-
formed him that he was takin
property.
He replied that a great deal of officers'
luggage had been found in Mr. Allan's store,
and th,\t all the private property was to be
respected- Provisions of all kinds were
1f1.wful p:-izes, because t
ley were the sub-
sistence of armies; tbat if it prevailed
in the contest the B,'itish Gov.rnment
wonld make up the loss, and if they
were successful their GOTernment would
most willingly reimburse the sufferers.
He concluded by declaring that he would
lleize all Pl'ovisions he could find. The

three schooners which had anchored
abreast of the town towed out between 11
and 12 o'clock on Saturday night, and we
supposed that the fleet would bave sailed
immediately, but h'\ving been informed by
some traitor that valua.b e storer. had been
sent up the Don, the schl)oner<! came uJ:
the harbour yesterday morning. The troops
were aga.in landed, and three armed
boat;;; went up the Don in search of the
stores. '\Ve have since learned that
through thp. meritorious exertions of .
few young men, two of the name of
Play tel', everythin
was conveyed away
before the enemy reached the place. Two
or three boats containing triflin
articles
which had been hidden in the marsh were
discovered and taken, but in the main the
enemy were dj
appointed. As soon as
the armed boats returned the troopt
went on board, and by sunset b0th soldiers
and sailors had evacuated the town. fhe
b:l.rracks. the wood-yard, and the store-
houses on Gibraltar Point were then Sf!t
on fire, and this morning at daylight the
enemy's fleet sailed. The troops which
were landed acted as marines and ap-
p
ar to be aU they had on board, not more
certainly than 240 men. The fleet con-
sists of fourteen armed vessels. Ours is
left at S:\ckett's Harbour. It is but
justice to Commodore Chauncey and Colonel
Scott to state that their men while on ShON
behaved well, and no private house was en.
tered or de8troved." At the close of the war
Dr. Powell r
sumed the practice of his
prùfession at York. Some years later he
was appointed Clerk of the Assembly and
Judge of the Home District Court, and
on the death of the Clerk of the Lel{islative
Council, in 1828. he was also given
this position. All these places he held up to
the time of his death in 1838, aged 59 year:!.
At the time of receiving these appoint
ments D... Powell transferred his m!'dical
practice to D/". Widmer, but he remained ex-
aminer oÍ the Medical Board up to his death.
Dr. Powell had the direction of the
building of the old hospital which stood
at the north-wést corner of King and
John streets. The hospit1l1 was a spacious.
unadorned matter-nf-fd.ct two-storey struc-
ture of red brick, one hundred and
seven feet long and sixty-six feet wide.
It had by the direction of Dr. Grant
Powell the peculiarity of standin
with
its sides precisely east and west and north
and sùuth. At a subsequent period it
had the appearance of having been jerked
around bodily
the streets in th9 neigh-
bourhood not having been laid out with
the same precise re
ard to the cardinal
point. The buildinit exhibited recessed

.LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

19

.k;
if>
4J
(;)
u
E

r-;;
>=
:;J
(Ç
I
.'"

\
t !
1 I

L\.NDMARKS OF TORO:KTO

193

galle:ies on th
north and south sides
and a ð.,tttish-hipp:)d roof. The interior
was conveniet;lt.y designed.
'Vilen the Houses oi Parliament a, the
east en(l of the city were destroyed by
ñra in 1824, th:) Legislature as:5emLled
tor several s,"SSiO'lS in the hospital building.
In th} fever wa..ds here, during the ter-
rible season of 1847, frightfu scene; of
suffering and dea
h were witne
sed amon,

the newly-a.rrived emi:.!;rants. Her
it was
in ministel'in
to them in theIr dhtress
so m'IDY were st- ul,k down-som: all but
IataHy, others wholly s )-am'Jug'st the Jat,
ter several Leading medicaL men and Bishop
Power, the Roman Catholic prelate.
Dr. Gt ant Pow
n was one of the
'sts
at the fancy dress b:tli given at Frank's Hotel
in 1827, on which occ,lsion he a,>sumed
the cha.racter of Dr. Pa.ngloss. HIs
ll1\1nf' also occurs frequently in old doeu-
m':!nts relatin!Z to the early hÌitory of York.
During D... PmveH'", early res:dence in
York he lived far a tim
in thJ north wing
of the old parliament buildin
s. He then
occupied the two-storey frame hou3e, with
a rather large lot about it at th3 south-
west corner of Duke foIlð George str,'ets.
These house3 were at a later
date moved over to Alice street. r
h,'
house directly south of it was afterward
built hy Mr. J. S. How<trd and u-;ed by him
as a residence an i as the post office
In 1826 Dr, Po'Vell bought from Mr.
Capels, a build,;r, the one storey white
cottage, standing at what now is
No. 146 RL:hmond etreet, on the L.or'.h
side, east of Simcoe street, adjoining the
house of the late J..hn Harper. The
hou,e stood a few feet back from the
street. In the front was a p Irch. About
five fcet in tront of the porch and eight
feet in front of the main buildinn was a
f,'nce. At the tim') of its pUl'
hase in
1826 the 1}ous' con
i-sted simply of the
ceatral part. The wings at the ea
t and
west anrl th' kitchen extension at the rear
were afterwa"d added. On the south
side of Richmond "treet, opposite the house,
DL'. Powell owned an acre of land, which
was laid out in an orchard and
IrJen.
At the east and west side of the house
were fruit trees. Dr. Powe:I died in this
Richm.lUd street house in 1838. ïh . LuiLd.
ing was destroyed by fire in S,'ptember,
1
49. Dr. G 'ant P ,wea's house was one of
the hous
ø Mackellz:e rlecilled should be
!'pared as Dr. Pow -:11 \\ a,-j a friend of his,
Tne house was old and quaint. Mr@.
S 'ymoUJ', Dr. Powell's d,
ughter, now l1n"t!
in Ottav,a, well remembers the war of HH 2..
when all the ladies of the town werE ..."
ø@mbled in McGill's cottage where the
13

Metrop,Ætan Church now stanJ.,:. Shp W8,8
a girl at the time, She was sent ou _ to pile
chips umIer the large ketti's in tl.e yard on
whlch fOJÙ was bing Car ked for the loya.l
troops, an i she wa.s told to look over the
fe,lce at a ð.
g pole don n at Chu:'ch street,
aud if sh'
aw the Am!"rican ð..lg there the
town had been takeu, if the British the
Americans were b:;aten. Dr. Puw-
ell leit two sons and five
daughters. His elde;;t son, Willi LID Dum-
m
r .Powell, at hi8 d
ath wa!'! Judge of
the Cou:\ties o
\Vellington, Wat
rlo'J and
Gmy. The survivinf{ son IS Mr. Gra.nt
Powell, Under S 'cretary of Stat, who
lives at Ottawa. Three daughter& survive,
oue of whom is the wife of Mr. IJ 0:\11 Ridout,
Re
{strar of the County of York.
At thfl upper end of William stre.,t on the
Vael"HowelI re:;erve as it was called Wd.8
situated the old fd.mily graveya.rd of
th. Powells. 'l'h} reserve extel.ded bilCk
to the College aveuu
'l're western hali of
it waR given to th3 city by Chief .Justice
William Dummer Powe'l. Three sides of
the lot were surrounded by a bl'ick Wd.,l
ei
ht or nine feet high. '1he eastern wOol
b
tween the plot and the llvenue was of
stone and a little higher than the other
sides. Tha entrance Wa.9 from the w( s
where two iron
ates were placed. Th"
vault itself wa.
about twelve feet squat''',
the entrance to it also b in
from the west
through heavy iron or iron shod door8. It
was four or five feet above the ground and
about six feet below the suda.ce. In it
were the rema.in" of the Chi..f Justice and
his wife, An:re, Dr, Grant Poweli his lon,
Margaret, Dr. P.:Jwell'", dau
hter, who d:ed
in 1841, and Augnsta. Jarvis, daughter of
the La.te S. P. Jarvis, These were the on Iv
ones buried in the vault. Ourside in th-
middle of the enclosure were buried Charles
Seym JUt" in 1843, the fa:hcr of Mr. Grant
Seymoul', of Ottawa, a.nd a.t the foot of his
grave Bertie Stuart's eldest sister Mary.
Th,. Si.uarts were cousins of the Sevmúurs.
On either siùe the bodies of twò infant
children of the late Dr. Gwynne. Half
way betweeo the vau't and the south wall
of ih
enclosure wa.s planted a slab ÍIn mèm-
O/'y of four chLdrE'n ot the Chid Ju'!
ice,
t.hree of whom were d,'owned: Thomas at
Killg.,tOIl, Jeremiah, who W8.;;; suppJsed to
have fð.}l"n into the hands of pir..l.te8 on his
rf'turn from Spam early in the c elltury,
and Anne who was lost in the wreck of the
Albion ill 1822. l'he fourth, 'Villiam, died
and was buril'd at Thorold. In later years
the slab had sunk so de ply in the ground
that it could not be dLtillguished. In the
enclosu
weff' two Iarè!'e trees, one a huge
o'd elm just aloll
side the vau't and the

194

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

is named as an alarm station.
or place of rendtzvou". At I
later pet'iod 1\1:- S :addin
, having disposed
of his improvem
n ts and a few acres 80- thiE
point, erected mOl"e commodious buildings!
a farm house, large barn and a('ommodatioL
for horses and cattlf', all o
carefully hewD
logs, some distance to the north of the sitt
first selected, which are the buildings after.
wards pulled down in the Industrial Farrr
grounds.
Lot No. 15, broken front, was a rougl1
piece of land to tackle for the purpose 01
The Old Farm Houlle or Mr. John ScaddlllC bringing it into anything like a condition
and the Home or Dr. Henry ScaddlliC on of cultivation. It consisted of a long
Trin1t). Square. line of steep hills, the eastern boundar,\!
Somewhere about the year 1856, the Cor- of the Don valley, densely covered
pora.tion of the City of Toronto purchased with very heavy timber chidlJ
one huudred a.nd three acres 01 what used white pine j and fla.ts verging into marsh
to b, known as the Scaddin
Farm, just be- towards the south, but 1:> the north, also
yond the limits oi the city, on the east side supplied with a forest ..-egetation, elm3 o.
of the River Don, tor the two-fold purpose ûf great height and girth, bass-wood, butter-
!Securing a site for a new prison for the nut, wa.lnut, wild crab-apples, wild cherry,
county and city, and establishing in connec- wild grape, wild currant and gooseberry
tion therewith an Industrial Farm. Both and prickly ash. For the lover of
he
ideas were carried into eft' ct ; and this ulti- picturesque, the admirer of distant lake
mately, but only recently, brought about views and near river scenes, the lot wag a
the complete demolition of the old home most attractive one. Anyone fond of sport-
stead represented in our engraving. It inf{ could find continual employment for the
was a well.known obj ct and was situated 80
un, the rod, the spear, the trap, the river
little to the no!'th-west of the present exten abounding with salmon at the proper sea.
sive prison bui!dings. The Scadding Farm sons, and a number of other guod fish at all
consisted ori"inaI:y of the whoìe of lot num. times, rock-bass, perch, pike, eel
; while
ber fifteen, broken front, extending from the lands bordering on the stream were
the water's edge of the bay northward to alive with genuine game, grouse, quail,
the first concedsion line, i,e" the present woodcock, snipe, plover, sandpiper and
Danforth avenue or Bloor street produced wiU duck of various denominations, and
east across the Don, bounded throughout pi1!'eolls innumerable at the proper sea.son;;;;
its whole length on the east by what is now alõng with numer'*s fur-producing ani.
styled Broadviewavenue, but formerly known mals, the mink, the fox, the muskrat, the
as th
Mill road, and on its western side marmot, squirrels in Jl'reat variety, black,
by the windings of the River D,JD.
l:he red, striped and flying, to say nothinJ{ of an
first patentee from the Crown of this lot oeca.sional deer, bear and wolf. Snakes too
was Mr. John Scadding, an emi
rant from of many beautiful forms were numerous,
Devonshire, formerly of Luppit in that with turtles (the snapping and other) frogs
county, wher
he and his forebl]ars had in variety, including the tree frog, liaards
owned 80 property named Windsor. In and crayfish. Most lovely wild flowers were
fulfilment of "settlement duties" h
Icatter,d about everywhere. For the en-
put up a log house and barn of mo- thusiast in almost every branch of natural
derate dimensions, in the first instance history, it was a pa.rar1ise. But for the simple
at the south end of his lot by the side of a2r:culturalist-Lound to make a subsist-
the hi.wa.y le<lding to Kingston; which ence out of the artificial products of the
buildings are duly shown on the early sur. lIoil, the obstacles in all directions were
veys of thirs quarter; a'ld so notable was most formidable. The first p1tentee
this improvement as a landmark by the of lot fifteen however, did all tha1: was
wayside that the bridge leading into York possible to be done during his short
over the river olose by, was long popu:arly career in Can ld90, and with the scant capital
known as '.Scadáing':,;Bridge," an expression at his command. Around the homestead
that occurs for several years in the printed fieJds of g
ain, of wheat, rye, ba.rlev, oats
accounts of the a.nnual township meetings; and maize were seen; a.nd orchards contain-
and in the orders issued by the authorities l ing a .'\reat variety of the finesli kinds of
for the assembling of militia. rompanies in a,pple and other fruits, ir.c1uding the., 'ach
ca.se of an emergency, "Sca.dding's Bridi{
.' / "lId Siberian crab. The English filbert was

other at the south-west corner with its
branches hanging over WiHiam street.
There was also some low Hhrubbery J{rowing
about. In September, 1868, the remains of
Cbarles Seymour were removed to St.
James' CemetelY, his son Mr. Grant Sey-
mour superintending the exhum,ltioll and in
that or the next year .n the other bodie.
were re.interred in the same churchyard,

CHAPTER LIX,
THE SCADDING HOMESTEAD.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

196

S:c
s

ullY cultivated, and rhubarb, com- I on the 1st March, 1824, by injuries received
monly called the pie-plant, was probably from the falling of a tree. In our sketch of the
for the firdt time introduced in these parts; I old nomcstead taken some years after the
asparagus beds and celery trenches were I sad event just mentioned, the most in-
la.id out; h
mp was grown, and melons of teresting portion perhaps is the little
I'll kinds and e!culent goul'ds, great and lean.to seen attached to the end of the main
small. In the fi2wer garden b
oomed most building, on the right. This lean.to was a
of the ordina.ry English Bowers, especially I relic of lJastle Frank, having been con-
roses of several '-pecie.; and the then structed of plank, flooring, I!cantling and
nOTehies of the laburnum, syringa and other materia.l rescued from that famous
penwlllkle. The flat" were c')overted into building when going to decay and brought
meadows, where sheep were to be seen, I down in rafts from its site, on the preci-
a.nd all the usua.l domestic animals; ..nd in pitous bank of the D.)n 80 little high up

---'/

,

fl

convenient nooks here and there, stacks of I on the west side. (The proprietor of
ha.y. At one time a portion of the flats be- lot number fifteen beca.mE" the owner
came a hop garden. A bold attempt was by purchase, of the adjoining Castle
made, too, to imp;'ove the marsh lands in.. Frank lot, in the year 1821. ) The
sanitary point of view by cutting channels. I le
n-to in question, put to
ether out of the
In the course of the excavations connected debris of Castle Frank, was added expressly
with the straightening of the Don, tb
n for the accommodation of the youngest son
ioing on, the crib work of 80 log cllouseway of the original patentee of lot No. 15, the
across the marl!h below the homestead was still surviving Rev. Dr. Scaddin'{, a sketch
brou
ht to light, a contrivance of the fint; of whose pt'esent residence, No. 10 Trinity
owner of the property. The life of this Square, we also give. At an ear;y age the
ienneman, who was a veritaule pioneer I subsequent historiographer of York and
of civilization, wa. brought to a sudden pod I primitive Toronto began on a sma.ll .ca.le to

196

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

develop .the litur
ry ard arc
eolog.ical I liS!1, :portfo
ios of iocal views anrl portrait
,
tastes, WhICh have SInce characl;erIz'd him; p:l.lutmgs J fine enaravings bronzcs Iion<!
'nd hert' wit,hin the ra
row limits of a DustS. M'
Terf rustic stl1dy, commenced what hu I
been a labor of love to the eminent divine, -
schoolmaster and historian, resultm
in the CHAPTER LX.
MACKENZIE'S YORK ST. HOME.

-
"

I
j
!

, '\.....

'''.'''LiI'i ..,

:aucJmmon accuUlUlati',Hl of lherary and
Jüstorical bric-a-brac which renders, at the
yeseut moment No, 10 Tr nity Square an
vbj\.'c':; of s 1mI' curipsity In the elevated
mans u'd of thi
house, whencd most of th

Jlpires, tower.:<, dome;;:, factory-shafts, ð.,tg-
atlt.ft's and other couspicuou R objects of the
O'Ity, and a stretch of Lake Ontario
down to Sca' borough heights, caa
a11 rearlily be viewed, the col ections
and reco:lections embodied in the well-
known work, "Toronto of O:d," were
brought into form and committed to th .
writt n page; while the I!Itorey., below,
from the ba
ement upward, teem with book-
eaøeB and books, many of th{
latter rare and
elJ1'iou
, bcin
sp:>cimens of early typography
01' th
work of f.
mou> printers, volumf's of
antograph documents, a.binets of coil'os and
m d,.ls, Gre..k, Roman, French [lnd Eng-

Tbe House 'Vhere Williahl Lyou ]laekf'Dzle
ElUted .' Tbe (:onstUulÏon "-Dr. Hornby,
the Bero of Hornbv Hall.
01 the west side of Y>rk street, which i.
now No. 184, halfway bl!tween Qu 'en and
Richmond, sep:\rated from the pavem 'nt by
a fèw f et of ya.rd and a low fence, and
p,\rt1y shac1ed by a couple of 11 It over-
hea1thy-Iooking tI"ees, stands a modest two-

torey red
rick hnuse. DurinJl the
stormiest p3riod of a pecu'iarly stOlmy
car er, that irrepre
sible pat:-i It, \Yilliam
Lyon Mackenzie, made this dwellin rr h s
home and workshop, Here were his p op 'rs,
p-,n and mk, here he thou..;ht ou' and wrotp.
down those bu:'uing words tÌl"t set all
Canada að.,mp; here he planned that ill-
advised and i!1-fate 1 rebellion. and here he
le.ft hib family when he ð.
d with a price on
hi' head.
The house wa.s er-.'cted in 1830 by Major
Andrew Patton, formerly of the 4.'5ëh regi-
ment, barrack m:l.ster of Y ork Garri
::In, ana
hI' lived in it till 1835. ltbjor Patton,
bther of the collector, the late Hon. James
Patton, W:I.S born in 1771, near St. Andrew's,
Fife-hire, SC
Jtland, and saw active service
in differtont countries, with the 6th, 10th,
92nd, a'Jd 45
h n giments. III 1798, whl'n
captain of the 92nd, or Gordon HIghlanders,
awL A.D.L to the Ma.rqu's of Huntley, he
took p&rt in putting down th
Irish reo
beLion. In 1799 he serv.d uuder Sir RaJph
Abercrombie and the Duke of York in
Holland, and was in the battLs of the
Helder, Bergen and Alkmaar. In 1801 was
aQ'ain un.ler 8ir RiLlph Abercrombie in
Egyut, and at the ba.ttle.; of Mandorn and
Alexandria, when thp. French were driven
out of Egypt. 1:1. 1807 was at the attack
on Copenh:l.gen, under Welii 'gton, tben S,r
Arthur Welles'ey. In 1809 Was with Sir
John MlJore at Corunna. Coming to Ca.n-
ada, .Major Patton st,ttled on a f .rm near
Adolphu..,town, on the Bay of Quinre. Next
removed to Prescott, on b<,iug appo;nted
Rtr!'ack-Master at Fort \Vellin({toD, as well
as R'gistr.\r of the county of Grenville, and
aft 'rwards was prom0ted to Y urlr. H
di'
d
in Toronto Augus: 15th, 1838, in hilil 68"h
year. In 1835 MackenzifJ leased the hou-.;e,
and hved tn. re until 1837, when he offered
the lease for sa'e. The advertisement ap-
peared in the Constitution of \V ednesday,
11th January, 1837, &ud read as follow. :-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

197

L AXDS AND PROPERTY FOR SALE,
etc.

A le.rp;e. commodious and well-finLhed brick
dwelling-house, with p;arden, stable. etc.
TO LET.
To be leased for O! e, two or three years, the
House, Garàen, and Premises on York and
Hospital Streets, close to Lot Street, opposite
the Lawyerd' Ha.ll, and possession given im-
mediatp}y. fubstantial and well finished. with
two storks above ground, and an underground
stol"Y. Cellars, Cellar-Kitchen, excellent Vrains,
&c. It was erected a few years ago by Majur
Patton, now of Prescott, for himself and family;
he is the Proprietor. On the Ground Floor
tbere are a Dining Room, Parlour or Library,
with 80 Sitting-Room and Five Bl'drooms up-
stairs.
The Garden is spacious, in good order, and
filled with currants, raspberrie;>, Ko
eberrie!',
grapes, and choice fruit trees. Thel'e is 80 stable
for two horses, 80 woodshed, and 80 yard. Also
& well of the purest water to be found in To-
ronto.
The situation is very high and healthy, ad-
joining the Macadamized and paved streets,
extremely well suited for a family residence;
within a few minutes' walk of the Public Of-
flces, Churches, Wharves. Market. and Courts
of Justice; the rent is reasonable. :\1r Mac-
kenzie, 173 King Street, will tõhew the premises.
December 12th, 1836.
Here, thell. early in 1836, Mr. Mack. nzie
came with his family <ond dfects, reDlinR:
the house, 80 comparatively new one, having
been occupied recently but a little time I y
its owner, from Dr. Homby. In 1835 it
was the ollly brick buildll" on the
quare,
&t each corner of which stood a pop ar tree,
and there were but two or three others on
the same street. The front, whioh looks
now as then,is well shown in the artbt's iilus-
tration. It wa
on the 4th of July, 1836. a
significant datI', 80S Char1eiJ Lind'dly, Mr.
Mackenz"e's biographer, observe!!, that the
first number of the Constitution was pub,
lÍshed. Already French-Calwdians had
hdd insurgent meeting"!. Several thGu.
Band men had armed themselves to fight
if necessary again
t what they c'aim-
t:cl to be the coercive measures of the Im-
perial Government, and evellts sef'med
hnrrvin
on with resisde"s tread. A little
! ear 'room behind the dining-room, entered
by step
leading up from tl:e backyard, had
been converted into an dfice and s:lnctum.
In thi!! i1partment the fearless editor pre-
pared those inflammatory artic!es, one of
which appeared in the issue of the paper
on Ju1y 5 h, 1837, when he aRks, "Will
Canadiaus dec'are their inde-pend.ence and
shoulder tht-ir muskets!" and supplements
the quest:on by an ; ffirmative appeal. 'I his
is f"l.Gw d, in the Constitution of August
2nd, by the publication of 80 virtual de-
claration of iDdependence. Then meetings

of insurrectionists are held, two hundred ia
all, it is said; 'ome attended with cO! dicta
of the opposing factions. The evects of

he
ucc eding mrnlths belong to the
history (If the rebel1ion. At It ngth the
op
n outbre: k, so l(>ng expo cte1, occu:-8.
The intr! pid editor has thus far be'.n a
COI queror with the pen; he is now about to
es
ay hi;; style with the lòword. Some olle
h"s said that the resn:t of every b"tt'e
hanR:s on a mistake. There eel tain:y was a
mi,..::a!culatio!l in the plans of the Ï!;sur
gents. Captn.in Anderson and Colantl
:\Ioodie are shot on the! vening of Monday"
Decembel' 3rd, then in hot chase of ORe
another, the fighting of TUt sd',y ni'!ht, ;h

panic of \VednesdaT. Thursday's ddeat ef
the in:urgents, and the flight of Mr Mae-
kenz'e with a reward of ;el.OOO offered f-x
his cap ure. AftEr much wanderin
, manJ
narrow escapes, and con> iderø ble hart 1 sh! a.
the patriotic leader reaches Am
rican sri}
Meanwhile the distressed ladies and chih'ren
of Mr. Mackenzie's fami!y expe, ience
wr
tched days and nip;hts of doubt and Dlis-
giving, ftrat tremLlil' g for the tate üf hUB'
band, fathEr and son; second, fearing for
the safety of the important letters and do.-
cuments pertain"r.g ro the rebellion tha.t
were in 1 he heu e; thirdly, in a state of
continual apprehension by reason of the oft-
repeated visits of the authoritieø. As soon
as the news of an actuaÌ outbreak rea.ched
the Government úfficials the York street
house was put under .he strictest
,urveil-
lance. A
uard was atationed at the doo'4
and patrols pacC'd up and down before it.
Every ten or fifteen minutes soldiers walk
in and make the mo.:;t thorough, earch from
cellar to garret: they look 11" der the beds.
thrust their Ewords throut:h
h m, peer and
pry into eVErY nCJok a.nd cra.nny of
the bu ld;ng, nor is this attention
intermitted by night. Although th

only inmates now a.re women and children
half a dozen civilians a.re domiciled in the
dining room at evening to watch there until
morning. Ostensib"y they are sent for the
protection of the occupants, who, howeyer,
dp.cline to r. ceive them in that gube and
denoUl:ce them II.S
pies_ This ia continued
until Mr!l. l'-Iackenzie's grandmother, an old
lady of 81 YtJars, appca:s to Lheir manly in-
stinct"'. askin
Ü they are not ashamed to
force them
elves into the residence of de-
fence
ess women. and at this thEY R:o !l.way
Some of these men still live in 1'0)'on
0. .Mr.
Mackenzie's papers hung in filt s from the
ceiling in his bedroom at the south side of
the hòuse and in his office at the rear. Sinl.'{.
ularly enough, although the plume;:; of the
officers, at times touched them, they we:-.
never noticed, and the only ol:es feized

198

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

\
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y
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I 'MI
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THE MACK BNZIE AND HORNBY HO'D'SES

were a few found hidden within the curtains I surne search saw them and rushed in, bu t
of an old fashioned bed. Immunity from they wel e too late; everything ha.d been
the frequent vi its of the soldiery was al- destroyed. It frequPlltly happened that pris.
lowed to the inm:Jtcs for the first time dur- I oners arrested after the rebellion was queJ!ed
ing church service on the Sunday morning were marched by the house, boullrl two by
following the outbreal:. Stizing the oppor- two with stout rGpe!', and th"y invariab'y lift-
tnni y the 'aùies kindled fin's in four '\\ ood l ed their hats as they passed, The famiiy
box
toTes and burned every letter a.nd remained in the hop.ze ab('ut a for tnif,ht
document in the house Scrap:> of charred afrer the events narrated, Mrs. Mackerzie
paper were sailing upward from the chim- I joining her nu,:;band, December 29rh, at
'!eys as the people came pouring out of their Na.vy I
land After 'he rt b
llion it wa'i
places of worsh;p: soldiers retUl ning to re taken by the C'o\'ernmellt, first used bv Vol.

199

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Hill, and then bV B/l.got. Mrs, Patton sold
this large house to Dr. Hornby, a Wl'll
known melìic1l1 maú of the d'I,Y. The cot-
ta"e sonth of the large house was bniit by
Mr!i'. Patton in 1840. She lived in it Ul:til
1842, and then went to Prescott. I twas
then rented to Mr. Hooper, thedruggist,who
afterwards bought it.
During Dr. H.ornby's time the house was
the
cene of varied experiences" S me re-
lentless debtors pursued the dector with
writs nnd suit IS, and obtained judgment in
due course. To make a. seizure was another
matter, and for we(,ks the doctor kept the
bailiffs at bay, Every door and window
was bolted and locked, and tor six 01'
eIght weeks the siege W8.I! kept up. The
doctor would occasionally
lip out of the
house when the bailiffs wl're out of siJ{ht,
and wander over to Crifpm's tavern on the
north-east corner of Richmond and Y 01 k
streets, and here he would find his b liliff
friend!', who had constituted Crispin's into
.. sort of a guard house. He woul. I chat and
Bmoke with them and f'njoy their jokes, anù
on one occasion Mr. Beud, who was a ba.iliff,
Baid: "Doctor, this siege reminds me of
that of Acre." .. Indeed," said the doctor,
..
'hich one! for you know thf're were two,
one they got in, but one they didn't." With
this sal1y the doctor sS},iJed out and awa.ited
lion opportnnÏ1 y to return to his castle unseen
by tbe bailiffs. Punch in Canada, a humor-
ous p, riodica], p1,1blished in the Capreol
buildin
, on the north-west corner of Y onge
ILnd Melinda, in Toronto, had the fonowing
verses on the subject:-
THE BALLAD OF HORNBY HALL.

0, bailiff, buttoned to the nose,
And bootell t.> the knee,
Answer true what I ask of you,
But tell no fibs to me.
The ladder hoisted from the wall,
The flag at half.m '5t high,
'''hat bodes your si
lial! Tell me aU.
The wherdore and the why.
The fla,0', old gent, S},t half-mast high,
And the ladder from the wall,
A"e signs of money that's Gwing by
The lord of Ho, llby Hall,
The little bills came thronging in,
L ke bees about a hive,
Until the bowers of Hornbee
With bees 'wuz all alive.
Then rose the lord of Hornbee,
Anfl fled from his castle hall- ;
Be mizzle!l, and lét yon brave ladye
Al011e fot to ke('p the walls.

So we wuz ordered blockade to make
B ,fore the castle gares,
No! est, nor sleep, but watch to keep.
Me and my bully mates.
0, cold the rain beats on my hat,
The wind goes whistling by ;
But harde", 0, harder to stal1d than that
Is the flash of yon la.dye's eye.
And from the battlements, nh
ht and day,
Horrid she slangs at we ;
Bill Barlow's hair is gone quite grey,
From the lan
uage :,he used to he.
And this is the way, old gent, old gent,
The wherefore anà the why,
From hour to hour we watch that tow
r,
My bully mates and I.
The poor folks suffer for the rich,
The great ones crush the sm,lll,
A story old, !lnd often told,
The lay of Hornby Hall.
[This L'1.ndmark ha.s been re-published, as
in its original puhlication 8ev
ral impor' ant
details had been omitted. The story of the
house as re-wrÏtten is from the pen of the
late Hon. James Patton, and was written a
ftW days before his death. It is rather a
coincidence that late in the afternoon of the
Thursday priOl' to hi8 death Mr. Patton was
conversina in his office with a Telegram re-
porter onOthe subject of the old ll'ndmarktl.
The reporter obst-rved that it was important
to geG all i 1Ì"rmation about these land-
marks, as the old inhabitants were pal!!sing
a.way rapidly. "Yes, indeed," said the col-
lecror. .C There ]s no knowing how snon we
may all gO," Twenty-four huurs later within
a few feet of where he sat, the kind-hearted
old gentllman had
one to his long home.]
CHAPTER LXI.
DOCTOR WIDMER'S HOUSES.

be Redden
eø Ere
ted In the Eastern
Part or the Town by One of the M..t
Eminent Surs:eonø of Tork.
Up to a very recent period there stood
m King street, nearly o}..posite Ontario
3treet, and directly west of Small's
hous
, a largt' frame two-stor. y house
painted white. It was a plain sq
are house
standing flush with the street, Wltl10ut an,.
porch, stoop or ornamentation. On the
O'lOund floor were two windows on each

ide of the front door. On the floor above
were five windows. This was tile hou
e of
Dr. Chrisroph"r WIdmer one of the most
eminent physicians ancl surp;eon
of Y or
.
He lived here for many years and then bull t
on the lcwer part of his lot, now about
174 Front Slref:t east, a large double
g I bled rpd brick house. of two stories,
I \\'ith a large two stol";ed WlD
at the west

200

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

side. The house which has f'ince been a rookery a.t the north-ea- t corner of Sher.
painted "hite, is now standing about blJurne and Front streets is an old sil.?n, in.
fifty feet back from FJ ont street. dicating the street. The word Front haa
On the south and east E,ide is a verandah been fastened over a pOl tion of th
original
with a green roof. The house and s;trounds sign but thp letters "ce"' are still plainly vis-
are handsome:y shaded with horse chestnut I ible. Before Dr. Widmer's setth ment in
kees. At the west of the grounds I uns a York he had been a staff cavalry surieon
narrow pas-,alle-w; y just wide enough for a on active ferv:ce during the Peninsula cam-
f ingle vehic'e, known as Widmé'r's lane. It I p..1Ïgns. Alth( ugh at this time Dr. Wid.
must have been a very desirab
e place of mer was an elderly man, his small, 'Wf'll,
residence before the biS! brick factory was I built form was erect and sûlJiedy. H!s
erected opposite, shut:in
off the view of dres, was scrupulously exact, His hand-
the bay and fillin
the air with the whirl of Borne fa.ce w(Jre a rather sad expression bút

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

'Vidmer findmg h's practice too large for
his perBonal attention at his advanced flge

ntered into a plrtnenhip with Dr. Diel1:
which is thus announced ill 1 h8 Loyalist of
Nov. 15 of that y,ar: "Doctor Wiùmer
finding- his professiona.l engagements much
extended of late and occ lsionallv too
arduous for one person has bren induced to
ent
r into par:nership with Dr'. Diehl a re-
sp ctable prac: itioll('r, ]ate of Montreal.
It is exp cte.i that their united exertions
will prevent in future anv diEappointment
to Dr. Widmf'r's friends both in: own al'd
coul!try. Dr. Diehl's re
idence is at PI' s"nt
at Mr. Hayes' boa.rdinll; houf<e, York," Dr.
Diehl died at Toro'1to. March 5. 1868. The
boa.rding house alluded to was on the
north-west corner of King a.r,d Ontario
.treet. ne:1.dy opposite Dr. Widmer's
house. It wa. kept by John Hayes. a man
of considerahle prominence in York and
was noticpable as being in BPssion time, like
Jordan's hotel. the abude of many members
uf parliamant. DI'. 'Vidmer pursued his
profes!'Ìon with illf'xhaustib!e zeal and hiB
surgery Was the Bcene of many 80 de.ica'e,
critical and S&cCPBsful operation. The
doctor lived to a good old age preserving
his alert bearing to the laRt. One of his
daughters became Mrs, George Ha.wkt'.
The other daughter became Mrs. C'arke,
wife of the late Capt. Clarke. well-known
<I.:! an officer of the looth Re
iment and all:lO
GÍ the Royal Canadian Rifles.

CHAPTER LXII.
JOHN FARR'S BREWERY.

tu Ear)}' E!ltabUshmen& ou Qut"eu Stred
for the Manarat:tare or Beer-Gore Vale
anti Gore "ale Brook.
On the Bouth Bide of Queen street, a little
west of Bellwoods avenue, in the van,"y of
the Ga'(rison creek, which at this pClint wns
calle:! Gore Vale brook. was built a few
yea.rs prier to 1820 b" Jobn Farr
a brewery. It was 80 long, lûw-
l
ing, dingy - looking builðing of hewn
10i S . On the side toward t he street
a railed gan
way led from the road to a
dtlor in its upper storey. Conspicuous on
1 he hill above the valev on the wef;tern side
W8JJ the houae. also of -hewn lo
s but cased
over with c!ap boardB by Mr. F.arr. the pi 0-
prietor of the brewery. a. North of England
man iB a:spect as we 1 as in staidnt"ss and
.hrewåncs. of ch; meter. His spare form
and B1ightly crippled gait were eVtcrvwh"re
familiarly r{,co
l,jzed. Gr(:;atly re;pectcd
he survived nnt:! a few years ego.
Mr. Farr conducted the bre" ing busi\le
!'J
lot the Queen Üreet brewel y until 25 or 35
,ean ago, when he retired and the busiaess

201

was transferr.-d to John '\-Vallis, at one time
member for \Ve
t Toronto in the Dominion
Parliament. Mr, Wallis carried on the
business for years and then sold an interest
to the late J ohn Corn
l1. who in turn con-
ducted it up to the time of his
death. when it wr.s vacated. The
brl wery which originally waB ()f wood was
rebuilt of br:ck at a later period. OUI inll;
t}'e past year it was torn down and a brick
block erected on the site. In the fal-ly days
drinking was a more common habit than
now. and old brewers say that the beer was
better than that ûf the present time, There
was no duty to pay. Barley was cheaper,
bein
worth from thirty to fo: ty Cfn
s a
bushel,and as a result the brf'wels put more
malt in the beer. Tbe wholesale price at
the breweries W<l.S a shillin
a gallon. [he
re
a.il price was two pence a glass. Mr,
}4'arr's chid assisrant in the old brewing bore
the name of Bow-beer. Dr. Scaddit,lt say.
that at Canterbury many years ago,
when the abbey of St. Au
ustÌ1lo
there. now a. fa.mous missionary col.
lege, wa.
a brewery, on the beau-
tiful turreted gatew; y. wherein w
re tr.e
coo:ers, the inscript;on Beer-Brewer was
consp'cdoUS. the name of the brewer in oc-
cupation of the grand monastic ruin being
Beer, a. common name sometimes
ìven a.
Bere, bl,t which in reality is Hear. The
strer m. which <:.t this po;nt is crC'ssed by
Queen Btre, t,is the one that afterwards flowed
below the ea.sternmoBt ba.stion of the old
fort. A pOl tion of the
round betwe<:n Farr',
brewery and the Garrison
a.s once éesj
-
nated by the local
overnm('nt
nd set apart
as a Bite for a museum and institute of
natural history and philowphy. with
botanical and zoolo
ical gltrc1en!'J attnch. d.
The project originated by Dr. Dunlop. Dr.
Rf'es and :Mr. Fothergill, a.nd patronised by
fuccessive lieutenan
.goYerJlor8. was pro.
ba.bly too bold in its cODception and .00
advanced to be justly appreciated and
ea.rne
tly taken up by a sufficient
number of the PUblic fell to the ground.
The Can
dian Institute is 1 he kind of &S80-
ciation which W<',B desijZned
'y Drs. Dun
()p
and Rees and Mr. Fothergill. but lacking
the revenue whieh the rent of a. few buildin

lots in a flourishini city would mpply. The
stream flowing through the ra\'ine .,-:ave the
water power neclss;uy for
rindin
. All
about the locality ware th'c.k woods. At an
eally period the whole d's rict was known
as Gore Vale. Gore W&8 in honQur of the
governor of thl,t name. V..le denoted
the ravine whióh incieuted a
portion of the land through which
meanderrd the pleas; nt little stream.
AcrOBS from F"rJ"s brewery. on the north

202

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

LANDMARK:s OF TORONTO.

20:

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204

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

.:de of QUl'en street, are the buildings a.nd
grounds of Trinity College. 011 the steep
mound which overhung tl'e Gore Vale
brook on its eastern ,id", just where it is
cr08
ed by Queen street, was at an early
period a blr'ck house, commhnding the
w
stern approach to York. On the old
plans this milit: ry work is shown as also a
path lea. ing to it acro8S the com-non from
the Garrison, prubably trodden oft n by the
relid pa.rty of the guard that wou
d be
'- tationed there in anxious times.

CHAPTER LXIIL
COLBORNE LODGE, HIGH PARK.

Tbe Doulle of Jolin Gf'OrKe Howard, tbf'
Giver of a Beautiful PIf'RSlire Ground In
tbe Cl(y-A. Sket
'" of His I..Iff'.
At the extreme western end of the city
on a 'wooded eminence surrounded by the
most picturesque scenery in the Dt
ighboll.i"
hood of TGronto, fomm..ndmlr a m&
nificent
view of the Humber, stands an unpreten.
tious stuccoed house. This is the houo;p, of
.Mr. John Geor
e Howard, who in his pre-
sentation of High Park to the city, ':tas
S1,iven the most munificent gift ever made bV
a private individual to the public in Upper
Canada. A cUt'viDg driveway and a
rust'c path 'earl up to the house from
the road which skh ts the shore d the bay.
On the first appro:lCh the visitor is con-
fronted with specimens of Mr. Howard's
"kill in c:trving. About the railings of the
vp-randah cling in natural attitudes the
forms of huge
erpents and dragon
, can-ed
from great branches of trees and painted in
imitation of living monster", with glittering
eyes and fiery mouths. The c15ual noctur-
nal visitor might easily be frighb'ned at
these apparitions, w lifelike are their undu-
lating fold!". But within the house there is
a. cheelY welcome fl'om Mr. Howard, who,
altl'ough ('ne of the oldest re,idents pf
T('T( mo, is still actiye and. cheerful.
Before giving a further def,cr:ption of the
house and its surroundin
s it will not be
out d place to give a
ketch f f the pf'rsonal
history of 1 his great benefactor of the ci i y.

1!"'. Howarù is a scion of OI:e of the mo::;t
il1ust, ious families in the Un ted Kingdom,
bdng a des('endant from Lord 'William
How:lrd of N"worth Castle in the O{,unty
ot Cumberland, the "Belt, d \Vill" of Sir
\,\Talter Scott's well-known Doem. John
Howard. the yc ungest grandson of Lord
'VilJiam, was the direct ancpstor üf John
G. Howar,," Bein
dissatidìe,l with the
arrangement of his fatht'r'ø property he 1eft
COil y Ca8t
e al:d went to the Fit mish town

of 1'ournay, where he ing:'atiated himlle:t
with the king, who gave h m for a .oa.t of
arms a doub'e headed raven with the motto,
Mens Consciå Rtcti. Mr. Howard was born
on the 27th of July, 1803, at a yillage
twenty-one mi
el!l north of London, Englanrl.
'Vhen he was nine years old he W;\.8 sent to
a boar(;iI1g-school in the town of Hertford.,
where he remained until he had completed
his fourteenth year. At ti:teen he Was 8pnt
to sea as a b y before the mast., that posi-
tion havirg b.'en !'ecured for him throu
h
Messrs. Taylor, Mosely & HI1 tchett, a pro-
mincnt firm of H3mburg traders, whose
chi, f p'ace of busim'ss WQ,S in Crutched
Friars, London. He followed the sea for

\

MR. JOH
G. HOWARD.
two years, when he was compelled to
abandon a nautica.l life in consrquelhe
of perpetual sea sicknells, a milady to which
he has ever Eince been subject whenever he
has had occasion to make a voyage acrosll the
deep. Haying learn,'d navigation, practical
gcometl y and marine surv
ying, he turnc'd
his atteution to laad surveying, engineering
and architecture, a knowledge (If wh:ch he
had acquirE-d first in the office of an uncle
who was a contractor living at KennioQ:ton
Cross and afterwards in tbe dfice of Mr.
John Grayson, archit('Qt of Banner stre(.t,

t, Luke's, London. On leaving
lr.
Grayson he went on a tour t.hroui(h
thl' County of Kent. Being provided
with a letter of introduction to Council'or
Scudamore, of Maidstone, he made the per.
sonal acquaintance ef that gentleman, who
gave him a letter to the archbishf\p in
charge of the re-buildin
of LecÚ's Clittot1e. a.
stately structure about five miles from
Maid
tone, on the A<,hfOld road. He was
emp'oyed by the latt. I' gel,tleman in connec.
tion with the castlf', but SooD threw up hr.

LAND
{ARKS OF TORONTO.

ttuation. being very much annoyed by the
\\orkmen, who called him "the little Cock-
ney." H -;, however, obta:ne.l emp' oyment
in the office of the' Cutbu hes,
a well.known firm of contracting
a:chitects in Maidston.., where h

rem lined for some tim '. In 1824 he re-
t.urned to London and enter,d the offic3 of
W m, Ford, architect, of Ma.r1\. L'me, Lond ;n,
and Culbo:'ne street, Bow road. In the
ollow-
iug year Mr. Furd married Mr. Howard's f>h-
te!' S
.rah. S,lOn afterwards Mr. Ford took
Mi. S muel Paterson, architect, R. A" into
p trtner::;hip, and the fi!'m built several vi:!as
und -I' the la.tter's superintendence. On the
7
h of May, 1827, Mr, Howard marri
d
Mi,s Jemima Francf's Meikle, a youn
lady
in her twenty-fifth year. Th'Hlgh the c .up e
were not b essed by off::;p, iog their m lr,iag .
turned out a singularly happy one. Tile
u:\ion endure I for more than ha f a c.mt:Jry,
,,'hen it was severed by the death of Mrs.
Howard. In the autumu of 1827 .Mr. How-
ard was sent to Pentridge in Derbyshire, to
t"ke 1\11', Pa.terson's place on the Cromford
\.;anal, near Ma.tlock. He liub"equently re-
sumed his p aCJ in l\1r. Forù's office, where
;1(' traasact
d bu
ines8 on hi
own aCCO,1Ut.
This ar:'an
('ment contilluf'd until the year
1831, when, owing to the dfstress of the
times a:ld the sparsity ûf building operations
in the neighbou hood of London, he be{!an
to c,l.Stabout in hi:smindfor am 're profi,ab'e
field of labour. BJcoming impressed by the
glowing accounts given by a Mr. Cctttermo!e,
an agent for the Canad

Cump
my, 1ll the
"'p,'ing of 1832 he resolved to emi
rate from
England to Cana.da. He missed the ve8sel
in which his pas:>age had been engag d, but
on the 26th of June, accompanied by his
wif., he s....iled from London for Gravesend
in a steam,'r belonging to Captain Wallis.
After. ({dtilìJ!; the lug
age on bo&.rJ the ship
Emp-ror Al x1.vder, Ca.ptain Boig com-
m
mder, which iay at anchor opposite Ti!-
bmy Fort, Mr. Howal'd and his wife went
a
hore, and on their return to the beac:)
fo&nd tha.t the ship had è!aile,l away with-
out them. Mr. H',Jw.trd engaged a boat and
some men, and after a hard chase the ship
was caught. l'hiR Wß.3 the first of " series
of Dlisfortu
les which befel Mr. How"rd
on thJ t1"ÍP, An account of these il:! con-
d,'n!>cd from a j..u"nal of the vOyitge kL'pt by
Mr. Howard. A ditY or two later whi;e Mr.
H )ward was f>hootin,; with his rift" the
b(){)m jibed and striking him would have
c trried him overboard h:td not the captain
lIeiz
d him by the legs as he was going ov
r
the rail. 011 the same evenin{{

. Saw a
la.rge meteor fall into the sea about 300
yard, ahead of the vessel. Two days after-
ward M:'. Howard an.l his wife went ashore

205

at Ryde, I,le of \Vight, an 1 were agam left
by th
ship which th y had gl'eat diffic:ulty
in overtakiug with a sail boat. N Jtwith-
standmg th
se experiences Mr. H )ward and
a party w,-nt out shooting and fishing in the
m'Jrning, a few dayslaterahunÓred miles from
land and Jost the ;:h:p, and did notfillditagain
u ,t.l ni
ht. The ncx
day another ptrtV
went out in a small boa.t, and getting out of
s!ght, we:'e not f,.JUnd u,ltil ei 6 hteen hour3
afte:'wa.r.J, h:wing been drifting about on
the ocean all night, unable to S'Je the lij.(htø
hun
out at the maithe td. or the bl,z
of the
tar barrels set on fire, or hnar the booming
of the c nnon which were fi:ed throuJ:lOut
h . night for theil' guidance. Meanwhile a
chilJ had died and a child had been bol'll on
board the ship, N othin
else of an un'
u - u,tl character oc.::urred until the ship
was ab')ut a Dloath ou
, when at five
o'cbck one moming a
l were a"rakened
by a te
rible thumpiug on the deck and
cries of "ore. A mutiny had arisen. The
captain rushed upon deek in hÍi shirt, ran
to the fore chains, seiz 'd the ring leader,
dragged him aft, and rope ended him. The
mu:ineers ru,;hed to the rescue of the man
and knocked th
c3.ptain down. They said
they were Englishmen anù would. stick
t()
ether, and swore th,'y would shooi him,
for they did not want him, as they could
work the !:>hip th .mselves. One W,l8 about
to deal th(' p"ost:-ate captain a heavy blow
when th,' m'\te seiz -d him and the c
\ptain
regained his feet. By vignr.oui meaSUt'es the
mutiny wa"i quelled, and two hours later
quiet was re-tored. Of this Mr. Howard
says, "My wife and. myself were both un-
well. I kept my pistols and gU'lS loaded
by the bedside as we exp
cted to hear the
ruffians come dowll the cabin st p!i.. for a
s
t of greater blackgualds never sailed out
o
England. II Th,
t evening a 810rm arose
and the flour top-uallant and roya.l masts
were carried away. On Mr. Howard's
birthday a wreck was ptssed. \Vlthh the
next f.:w d,tYs the capt:Liu and a p:1."senger
feî oV3rboar<Ì,but both wer,' rescned. After
arriving in the Gulf of St. Lawrence there
wa
another {xciting incident one ni.;ht
which Mr. Howard tells as follows in
his journal :-" About 10 o'clock I he,trd
a.n unusual noise upon deck, the c,lptain at
the highe>t pitch of U< voice calling to the
Milors to brace up t!le forey,
rd. a.nd n'peat-
ing the order a.t least a dozun timf.8, as if his
or.lers, from some c use or other, cou'd no'
be att..nded to. Mr. Hill, the mate. who
was with me in my first trip in the boat,
came to my cabin and told m(' to i!et up and
J!;O uron deck, as there wae no doubt but
the ship would be lost, for the captain and
the other mates were drunk, and the ship

206

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO'

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

207

was driving fast upon the rocks. I dressed
myself 80S quickly ail possib:e and went upon
deck. Judge of my feelings when the first.
object that met my view was tbe shore, with
tremendous rocks runniug oui into tM sea,
and the breakers dashin
over them
in a fri
htiul manner. Horror was depicted
on almost every countenance, women clasp-
ing their children in their arms and their
hüsbands t'uomn
about the deck like mad-
men. It was a beautiful moonlight night, and
in turning my head løawthecarpentersittin({
on the buhralks with his axe ready to cut
the anohor stop if It should be necessary.
We had three good boats, but they wou,d
have been crowded and swamp2d, for there
were one hundred and sixty-two persons on
boar.d, and a ({reat many of them very bad
.haracters:' From this predicament, how-
ever, the ship was saved 1>y a change in tbe
wind, which. blowing f..om the land. drove
the Y
ssel away from the rocks and into the
open water. 011 Sunday evening.
August 26th, the ship beinj{ off
quarantine, opposite Grosse Isle-the cbolera
was raginR a.t the time-a lam 'ntable oc,
currence took place, which Mr. Howard
thus relates :-" The passengers of the
Minerva anchored near us had performed
quarantine and were returnin
on board.
When they ca.me alongside their vessel
the ropes of the davits became en-
hngled with the m&..ts of the boa.t and
swa.mped her. From tbe deck of 0\11' ship
we could See upwards of twenty persons
strug{{ling in the water, only nine of whom
were saYed, The agony we felt at not bein

able to render assistance,all our boats being
on shore. was extreme. One of our boats
returning from shore went to their assist-
ance and succeeded in Dicking up four who
were ta.ken to the island. One of them. a
nne young woman, was in a state
of suspended animation. She was quite
black in the face when taken from thp
water. but rubbing her body with brandy
restored ber, a.nd by the following mornin

she was quite recovered. An old man and
his wife were two of the other.:! who were
sayed by the crew of our b03.t. They were
comp
etely soaked, and they wept b:tterly
for the 1')8s of their little b ov, who found a
grave in the ocean. Tbe other was a little
fellow about four years old, brother to the
young woman already named, whose lively
countenance beamed thankfulness while
carried IIbout in the arms of the brave sailor
who saved him. The younl woman was
called upon to lament. the loss of a sister,
who sank to rise no more. " A chiid having
died just before reaching Quebec, a
p:1rtv from the .hip of whicb Mr.
Howa.rd wa.s one, went ashore with the body

to burv it and Were directed to tbe cholera
burial'j{I'ound. Mr. Howard says: "When
there we were obli
ed to wait for several
hours for a priest. Tbere were no fewer
than seven or eight wa.ggons with rou
h deal
coffins waiting in tr.e hot sun for the same
priest. The coffins were nailed together 'of
unseasoned inch boa, ds, the lids had shrunk
in and warped so that you could get your
band in, and the stench from them Was
dreadful. Still we remained until the child
W80S buried." On the 14th of S"'ptem-
bel', 1832 Mr. and Mrs. Howard arrived
ai York, having been cleven weeks
and three d \y.:! from London. Hill
first experience in York is thus told
by Mr. Howard: "Going up Church street
frf)m the landing pl8oc', I was very much
astonished to see in a huckster's window a
very handsome carving knife and fork for
sale, which I had maàe my brotber-in-Iaw 8
present of before he left En
land. Going
into the shop, jodge my surprise to find my
wife's sister, whom I believed to be in
Goderich. She looked half s:arved. She
had lost one child and the other was in a
wretched state." Mr. Howard had a letter
of inti oduction which he presented the next
spring to the HO::J. Peter Robinson. A few
days afterward some of his drawings were
submitted to Sir John Colborne, who pro
cured for him the appointment of draw-
in" master at Upper ()aD'\da. Col-
lege at a salary of ;(}OO per an-
num.
:hlS was tbe foundation of Mr.
Howard's fortune. 3everal men immdiately
gave him orders for buildings, a
ong whom
were Dr. Wirlmer and James G. Chewett.
Dr. Stuart, Lord Bishop of Quebec. calling
to pay his respects to Mrs. Howard, found
her busy washing in the kitchen. She took
her hands out of the wash tub. and thg
Bi,hop I!haking hands with her, remarked
that her small hands h1.d never been used to
that kind of work, and if the 180 lies when
they came to Canada would unbend as she
had done and perform such work whenever
it was necessary Canada would have a better
name. The next year Mr. Howard was ap-
pointed the first city surveyor by Wil-
liam Lyon M \Ckenzie, the first Mayor ot
Toronto. and the same year he put down
the first 11 foot plank sidewalks on King
street. From this time ('n for ma.ny years
Mr. Howard was one of the leading men of
Toronto, and in I.is professional capacity as
architeet and surveyor he ma.de many sur-
veys and built many buildings, some of the
principal of which are surveys of the har-
bour, the construction of sewers and vari-
ous public works as city engineer, the pro-
vilJcial lunatic asvlum. t!le plan of S&i.
James' cemetery,. the Welliniton street

208

LA
D
lARKS OF TORONTO.

pos
office, many churches and pub:ïc build-
i.12S ill va.riou3 part,; of the Dominion and a
great number of business houies and p:'ivate
re,idences in this city. 0, une
of Mr. Howard's achbvem,'uts in th

h:l,st.y erection of a spird on ' St.
Pd.ul's chur
h, Yorkville, in 1841, Dr.
Scadding, in Toronto of 0 d, say.. :--
"While cr.:>ssiug the First concession line,
uow in our northward jouru
y, the mom-
ent Cl)mes back to us when on glancing alon

.he vista to the eastward, formed uy the
oad in that directhn, we first notice
a
..burch spir'e on the right hani or southern
side, W è had pass;
d thli
way e, day or two
before, and we were sure no such object
was to be seen there then, and yet unmis,
takaùly now there rose up before the eye
a rather graceful tower and sp're of consid-
erab!e altitude, complete from base to apex,
and coloured white. The fact was,
h. J.
G. Howar'l, n well-known local architect,
had ingeniously constructed a tower
of wood in a horizontal, or
n ,arly horiz )ntL\1 position. ill the
grou!ld c'ose by somewhat as a ship builder
puts together th
mast of some vast ammi-
rai, and then after attending to the external
finish of at hast the nigher p'}rtion of it
even to a co:
ting of lime wash, had in the
space of a few hours by means of convenient
machinery raiRed it on end ann. secured it
p 'rman ntly in a vertical position. We
gather some further particu ' 80 1'S from a con-
temporary 8ccount. The Y orkville spire
was raised on the 4th of August 1841. It
was 85 f
et hi!{h, composed of four entire
trees or p;ecdB of timber, each of that length
bound together pyramidica'ly, tapering from
ten f
et base to one foot at top, and mdde to
receive a turned ball and weather-cock.
The base was sunk Íll the ground until the
ape:l: was raised ten feet from the
g!ound and ab,)ut thirty Íeet of the upper
part of the spire Wa.'J completed, colourell
an,1 painted before the raising. The op
r-
ation of r,dsi:,g commenced about two
o'clock p, m" and about eight in the e
en-
ing the spire and vane were seen erect and
appeared to tbost. unacquainted with what
wa.s going on to have risen amongst the
trees as if by magic. The work wa
per-
formed by .Mr. Joha Richey, the trammg
by Mr. Wetherdl and the raising was super-
intended bv .Mr. Joseph HilL Th
plan
adopted was this: Thre
gin-poles, as they
are calle I, were erected in the form
of a triangle. Each of them was
welt braced and tackles were rove
at their top
; the ta::kles were
hooked to strong straps about fifty feet up
tIle spire with nine me:c to each tackle anti
four m ,n to steady the end with foHowing

poles. It was raised in about four hours
from the c mmencement of the straining of
the tackles and had a very beautiful ap-
ped.rance while ri.ing. The whole operation
we have been to!d, was conJucted as nearly
as p)ssib!e in silence, the architect himself
regulating by signs the action of the group"
at the gin-poles, being himself govèrned by
the p
umb line suspsnde1 in a hi(fh frame
befOi'e him. Perhap, Fo,ltana.'s exp'oit of
settIng on end th
obelisk in front of St.
Pet"r's in R,me suggested the pos-
liib
lity ot causing a tower and spi:-e
to b,J suddenly seen rising above the
roof of the Y orkviIle St. Paul's. On a.
humble scale we have Fontana's arrange-
ment reprodueed, while in the men at the
gin-p:)h,s workhg in ob('dience to signs w

have the old Egyptians over again-a very
small detaC'hme,lt of them indeed-as seén
in the old scnlptureon the banKs of the Nile.
The origlllal St Paul's before it acquired in
this singular manner the di
nified appurten.
ance of a steeple, was a lOll!!, low baril-like
wooden building. .Mr. How'trd otherwise
improved it, enlarging it by the addition of
an aisle on the west Bide. When some
twenty years later, in 1861, the new stone
chul"ch was erectJd, the old wooj.
en s tructul e was removed bodily to
the west side of Y onge street, wgether
with the tower, cUl.taiied however of it
spire. We have been inform
d that the
four fine stems, each eighty-five feet long
which formed the interior frame of the
tower and spire of 1841 w re a pr.:sent fl"Om
Mr. Allan of Moss Pa
'k, anI that the R v.
Chl\.rles Matthews occasionally officiatin

ill St, Paul's, gave olle hun,ired p:>uuds in
cash toward" the exp
nse of the ornam 'l1
al
addition now made to the edifiJe." III 1836
Mr. Howard bought a piec..: of land cou-
t oining 165 acres on the east bank of tihJ
Humber to which he gave the name of
High Park. On the western side of this the
sam" yea.r h built a residence there
which he nam'd Colborne Lodge, in honou

of Sir John Colborne, who had been his fi:'st
b.mefactor and friend in York and had
given him the post of drawing master i,
Upper C
l'ada College which he filled for
twenty,three Yt'ars. On the23 'd of December
1837, Mr. Howard moved irOlll Ch"wetti'e
building on King street where he had lived
to hiB n 'w residence, Colborne Lodge, High
Pa.rk. 011 the mornin,;{ of the s 'cond day
afterwards, Christmas, MI'. Howarò shot a
deer and some quail at th.. rea!' p:
rt of High
Park. On Thursday the 7th of D
cember
before moving from King street Mr. Howard
led the right wing of the scuuting
party up Y onge street to att:ìck t.he
insurrt'ctionistB who had con'tregated a'

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

209

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LANDMARKS OF TORO'XTO.

Mont
omery's tavern. The party consisted
of the following mpn. appointed by Colonel
Samuel P. Jarvis :-Lieut, John G. How-
ard, Thomas Douglas Har ington, Govern-
ment clerk, Robert Kelly, Government
clerk, William Da
is. hi
h constable,G
orp;e
Wiliiam APan, law student, and six others,
The party took Walker Smith prisoner.
Sir Francis Bond Head, the Lieutenant-
GOTernor, gave him his liberty, and he was
afterward made Sheriff of Simcoe County.
The rifle which Mr. Howard carrieù on
this expedition he still pos15esses and shows
with pride. The drawil1g room of Colborne
Lodge is fill-d with pictures, the post of
honour b
inR occupied by portraits of Mr.
and Mrs. Howard, painted in 1848 by
.rhomas H. citevenson. At the rear of th '
houc;e is a picture gallery which contains 127
pictureB painted by Mr. Howard, which
have been donated to the city by him, A
few years ago Mr. Ho,,'ard
ave to the
:Public Library of Toronto a library of 222
volumes, some of them heinS{ rare and
costly. From 1855 for four years Mr.
Howard sat on the bench wit h Chief Justices
Robinson, McL"an and Richards. In 1883
he mayor and members of the corporation
visited Mr. Howard on his SOth birthday
and prd8 f 'nted him with a.n illuminated
&ddre,s. In the same Yf'ar the
Marquis of Lorne cJnferred upon him the
dif!nity of a Royal Ca.nadian Academician,
In Noyember, 1888, Mr. Howard preBented
Upper Canada College with all his survey-
ina instruments. In 1876 the corporation
otthe city conferred upon him the title of
Forest Ran'ter, since which tima he has
made great improyements in High Park,
forming roads, makin2 drains, surveying
the land, l.1ying out the boundaries of the
park, and clea.ring away the underbrush.
Among the curious obj;!cts posse,::;sed by Mr.
Howard, are two very old car-
ria.ges, both of historical interest.
One of these is a large chariot
brought to Toronto about twenty-two years
ago by Major Tulloch. It was built in Lon-
don for Ca.ptain Trollope for the purpose of
conveying his wife, Mrs. Trollope. from
place to place in En
iand to give her
Shakespearean readings.. Its cost was 800
i.!Uineas. The running S{ear of the other
and smaller carriage was given b'{ King
GE-or
e the Fourth f;o Sir Pere1(rine Maitland
on his luving Englr..nd for Canada about
the year 1822. Sir Pere
rine .vas recalled in
1828 ann. gave the carriage to Sir William
CampbeU. Athisdeath itwilB Bold by auctio",
aI:d the late Chi f Justice Draper bought
it. He afterward sold it to hiB groom,
who used it as a cab for seYeral
years, when it was a.gain sold b., auctIon

and purchased by Mr. Howard for $40. He
had a new body and I!tepi! put to it. Both
of these oarriages will come into the poa3es-
sion of the city by Mr. Howard's will.
North-west of Uolborne Lodge, and but a
short distance from the house, at the sum
mit of a Tery picturesque ra\'ine, with fine
old oaks surrounding it, is the Howard tomb
and monumenl. It is approached by a path
bordered bv French weeping wiHows and
frin
ed with triplicate rows of daffodils.
jonquils and roses. This p
ot of
2round. consisting of one-eighth of an
acre, is consecrated and reserved as the
burial pla.ce of Mr. and Mrs. Howard for,
ever. The tïomb itself is within an inner
enclosure. It was erected in 1875. The
lot in which is situa.ted the tomb is enclosed
on the north side by a portion of the old
iron railing which surrounded St. Paul's
Cathedral, London, England, desiRned and
erected bV Sir Christopher \Vren in 1714.
The tomb, of which we give a view, wa.s
erected by Mr. Howard in memory of his
wife and in readiness for himself.
The cairn is constructed with granite
boulders. Mrs. Howard WitS a Scotch lady.
which accounts for the cairn. Mr. Howa:-d
himself .. is a .Ma!i'onic Templar-therefore
the double pe:lestal, terminating with the
Maltese croBs." The cost of erecting the
tomb, inc
uding yault :Iond iron railing.
amounted to $3.120. The granite boulders
are all bpdded in Portland cement against a.
brick- shafe in the centre, which &upports
the marble pedestal.
:his weighs OTer ten
tons. and came from the Rutland quarries.
Vermont, U S. Engraved on II. brasa
phte, and fixeà round one of the gate-
posts of the old iron raIling. is tbe fnllow-
ing inscription :_u Sacred to the memory of
John G
orge Howard anr1 Jemima Frances.
his wife. John George, born 2'jth July,
1803; Jemima Frances. born 18th August,
1802, died 1st September, 1877. Aged 75
years." On a brass p
ate fixf'd round the
other ircn gate-post :-
I. St. Paul's Cathedral for 160 years I did en-
close.
Oh I stranger. look with reverence ;
Man I man! unstable man 1.
It was thou who caused the Beverance."
Nov. 18th. 1875. J. G. It.
Th. vicilsit,udeB of the railinC{ are
curious. After its remoyal from St.
Paul's it was purch&!led by.Mr Robert
Mountcastle, WaverlE'Y place. St.
John's Wood, London, of Mr. J. B,
Hogarth, iron mercnant, London, and
shipped by him in good condition, on board
the steam
hip Delta, for Toronto, on the
14th of October, 1874. Th
Delta went on
shore about ñve miles below Cape Cha.t

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

L"ltht, on the 8th of November. A portion
,,( the railing was recovered from the wreck,
and sent to Montreal by the salvage men in
the sprin
of 1875, in a very mutHated state,
but was brought from Montreal by Mr.
Howard, 17th of Au
ust, in that yea.r, and
arrived in Toronto on the 21st of the same
month. It was repaired bV Messrs William
Hamilton & Son, at the St, La.wrence
Foundry, '1'oronto, a.nd finally fixed on the
stone curb, where it now stands, on the
ltith of NovembJr, 1875,
On the north aide of the cairn is a marble
tablet with this inscription: "Sacred to the
Memory of .John George Howard and Jemi-
ma Frances his wife, Jem:ma. Francel born
18th August, 1802, di
tl 1st Saptembsr,
1877, aged 75 years and 14 days; John
Gt:orge, born 27th Juìy, 1803, died-,
aged -." Skirting the euclolure of
the monum
nt runs a romantic path,
ullom >d the Lovers' walk, which leads to the
oM Indian trail, .till distinctly to be made
out, which runs to Lake Simcoe. In the
low land farther east is Grenadiers' Pond, a
small sheet of water, oae of the ancient
outlets of the waters of the Humber.
A tradition exists that the nam2 Grenadier's
Pond is connected with the disastrous be-
wilderment of a party of regular troops sent
to oppose the lanctin
of the Ampricalls dur-
ing the War of 1812. It is asserted that a
number of the soldiers were drowned in the
la'!oon on this occa.sion. At the same time
it is also asserted that the name Grenadiers'
Pond was fa.miliar previonsly. The noble
demes
e now known 88 High Park cOIUlisting
of a wIde stretch of varied surface com-
posed of brooks, pond, hill and dale, lanå-
.ca.pe and forest is the most beautiful
sec
ion of country lyin
around Toronto and
emmently add.ptp.d by its natural advant-
ag:s to the purpose of a public park. For
this magmfi
ent pb,y-ground the city has
Mr. Howard to thank. 1 t consists at pre-
sent of 310 acres, to which 45 acres will be
added. In 1873 Mr. Howard conveyed 120
acres to the corporation of the City of To-
ront

y gift as a public pa.rk for ever. The
remamlllg 45 acres of Mr. Howard's estate
is in ;the hanùs of hill trustees, Dr. L1.rratt,

Vill
3.m Smith and Samuel G, Wood, by whom
It wIll be transferred to the city with Col-
borne Lodge. The remaining 190 acres
contained in the park was purcha>:ed from
the es-.!.ate of the late Percival Ridout by
Mr. Howard, acting for the city. Mr.
Howard died in 1890, and was buried with
Masonic honora aide by side with his wife
ill High Park.

211

CHAPTER LXIV.
TWO OLD BREWERIES.

The Well-known Mallin,; Eslabllsbmeatl
or Josepb Bloor and .Jobn Øevera al Ibe
Ravine la Work'1"llle.
Until 1830 or thereabouts Joseph Bloor
'kept an inn near t.be market place of York,
conveniently situated for the accommoda-
tion of the agricuJturo.l pub1ic. This inn
which W&S called the Farmers' Arm!!, W&l
situated on the north-welt c'Jrner of the
lane leadin
northward from the north-west
corner of Market Square and King street.
The lane was fOl'merly known as Stuart's
Lane from the Rev. George Okill Stuart,
once owner of prop rty there_ It was
afterwards cJ.lled Franch, L1.ne, and is now
known as Francis street. That section of
tht> city, in l\1r. Bloor's time, was known as
the DeTil's Half Acre. On retiring with a
competency from the proprietorship of the
Farmers' Arms, Mr. Bloor moved to Y ork-
ville about 1830 and established a brewery
in the ravint: north of the first concession
road. This brewery was a low, red brick
building one hundred f
et long
and fifty or sixty feet wide. It
stood at the bottom of the ravine, on the
.outh side of tthe creek, a little
to the east of tbe present iron bridge
at the head of Huntley street. It
was in operation in 1835, and probably
for four or five yearl previous to that date.
The sÌt'eam which was larger then than now
W&l da.mmed up at this point to give water
p:Jwer for grinding. A big ponà several
8cres in exten' was thus made and in the
'prin
the water would back up nearly to
Y onge street. 'fhe brewery was reached by
a roadway runninl{ down th<.' ravine from
Bioor street at the head of Huntley street.
l'icturesque as the spot is even now it was
still more so at that timp. when the woods
were thicker and nature in her prim..val
beauty. At the top of th9 hill on the north-
ern side stood the cottage of Charles Jarvis.
frúm which steps leù down the steep
declivity. There WM an entrance
to the brewery at the
outh
aide and also on the t:ast
side. About this time all the
sand used in Toronto for building purpose3
was drawn from the Island. Mr. Bloor
kept a team of horses for cartine-, and in
att.empting to cros!:! from the Island on the
ice with a load of sand, the team broke
throu
h and was drowned. Mr. Bloor
kept the brewery but a few years. In con-
junction with Sheriff Janis he entered
ill to It luccesßful land speculation,
projeoting and laying out the villa
e of
YorkviIle. which n::l.rrowly escfl.ped Þeina

212 ILA
DMARKSrOF TOROt-.TO

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213

called Bloorville. That name was proposed
&8 abo was RO'ledale after the sheriff's home-
stead, and likewise Cumberland, from
"1e native county of some of the sur-
rounding residents. Dr. SCJ.dding sugge;;ts
that Bloor, the name of a spot in Staf:lo:d-
.hire. famous for a Jereat engagement in the
warll between the houses of Lancashire and
York would hue been a happy appellation.
Y orkvi1le was at last selected, a name which
preserved that discarded in 1834 for To-
ronto. Mr. Bloor accumulated a large
a.mount of property on the first conces<iion
road. stretch,ng along the northern side
from its eastern end as far west as Gwynne
I:Itreet and back to the creek in the ravine.
lie subsequently sold this property. The
first concession road. was afterward known
II.S St, PaUl'liI roa,1 and Sydenham road.
That Mr. Bloor's name should finalìy have
become permanently attached !to it in B!oor
street is a fact which may be compared
with the case of Pim'ico, the well known
w-:Et end quarter 0; London. Pimlico has
its name from B
njaD1in Pimlico tor
many years the popular landlord
of a hotel in the neip:hbour-
hood. Mr. Bloor was a quiet, pleasant
Englishman, widely esteemed and respected.
About forty years ago he b _came identifi
d
with the Bloor street Methodist church, to
which he (!ave la.rgely dUl'ing: his life and by
Ìep:acy. Up to his death, which occurred
about twenty years ago, he lived in a cot-
tage on the south side of Bloor street, at
the heaa of Gwynne IItreet. This cotta
e,
whicb iø still standing, although much ell-
lurg
d and improved, is soon to be torn
down. Oi Mr. B.oor's five children all but
one are dead. The brewery, after b::ing
giyen up by its origin,tl occupant, was con-
ducted ror a time by Mr. John Rose.
The British Colonist of Oct'}ber 31st,
1
43, has the followin(! advertisement of
Mr. R03
in regard to this brewery which
was then called Castle Frank Brewery :-
.. The subscriber begø respectfully to
acquaint the inhabitants of Toronto, and
, thh vicinitv, tha.t he has purchased the
above brewery from th
origina.l proprietor
Joseph Bloor, Esquire, and frum his com-
petent knowledge of the busine
sJ and a
determination to make a first r Lte article, he
hope!.! to merit a share of public patronage.
All orderø left for Cas tIp Funk Brewery at
the shop of R. Cathcart, 147 King street,
will be tha.nkfully receind and promptly
atteudt:d to.

" JOB!( RosB."

II Castle Frank Brewery,
OctObel' 31st, 1843."
Aboutthirtyyearsago the brewinl( busine.s
wa.s discontinued there, and the ea.1; of the

building was tenan t
d by an old Irishman
and after him by an old negro named Cas-
sidV. It was torn down about twenty yearll
ago. Mr. Robert C. Gi vins gives the follow-
in
intere8tin
reminiscences about the old
brewery.
"The old brewery," said Robert C.
Givins, formerly Bob Givins of Toronto,
now a resident of Chicago, Illiuois, to a
1'elegram reporter, who was sent to
that city especiallv to interview him.
"The old b,ew
ry, in the rayine, north
of Bloor street 1 \Vhy, true enough,"
said he, Co that rakes up memories of sunny
days. '" hv, I had a
most fOI"Jeotten it.
Sit down,-you have struck a linE" of remi-
nÏs-::ence I ought never to fOl'get as I belieTe
I ca.IrY scars on me yet from accidents at
the old brewery. U
"Accidents," queried the reporter.
.. What kind 1"
Co Oh, you sl:'e," continued Mr. Ohin..
Bmiling, "the time I recall wa!J during that
great epoch in the &portiu
world of the two
continents, the Heenan and Sa.yer's l riZ8
fight, which occurred in
n
land, if reo
m
mber right in 1860, and I think that fight
created more interest in the minds of the
Toronto boys at the time than the history of
England ever did. We had a 24 fo..t rine
staked out to the ola br
welY, and every
Sa.turday afternoon we' met' to do honour
to the · m,mly art' as we called it. Our
pa.rents used to wond"r h0w we got
so many black eyes and IIwollen
ears p:aying 'cricket I or · shinney,'
Myel' suspectin
the tl'ue cause.
Now do you believe it, when I pick up a
paper and read the r"'port of a prize fight,
doe' fig:ht, ch'cken dispute or any other hor-
rible enterprise, my mind reverts to the oid
brewery in the valley. Boys will be boy.,
and while I doubt the efficacy of this kind
of early education as a ioundation for true
Christian character, the Heenan and Sayers
fi
bt was the toyic of conversation amonR
the boy", and these prominent gentlemen
had ma.ny imitators in a small way. In the
winter time when we rode down the o'd
brewery hill on sledø. this bu;lding served
as a meetin
place and &helter from
the cold blasts that whistled down the
va:ley. I remember on
dark night
one of the boys' stumped' a party of us to
go throu
h the old sluice, which at one ti

fed the wheel with water from the pond.
The brewery when in operation was run bV
wa.ter power. Tbis sluice was as da.rk u
night cuu'd make it. A superstition existed
among many in the vil:&.ge that this
ld
buildin
wa. haunted, alJd notwithstanding
our frequ
nt ,'isits there in the day time,
there was not a boy in the nelghbourho04

214-

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LAND:\IARKS OF TORO
'TO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

....ho could be hired at any price to go through
it at night, andl haveno doubt many believed
that it was actually haunted, because I re-
member a story in circulation at the time
that one night an old watchman had oc-
casion to go down there aher an e!'caped
bur
lar, claiming that all he entered the old
building from the ....est door near where the
b
vat. were, he saw four 12' hosts playing
whist on the top of one of the vats, He did
not wait to catch the burglar, who either
escaped or was annihilated by the ghostly
occupants of the old building. Well the
bOYS were's umped' to go down and

r&wl through the sluice one night, and one
asked, 'Cou d John C. Heenan or Tom
Sdyers be stumped" , No,' answered
one boy in the crowd, 'they are afraid of
nothing. ' I Well then if they would not
be stumped, we should not he ' shouted two
or three, becoming brave at the mention of
t.he heroes of the day, so we followed the
ntorvy youth who originated thiB haz3.rd011!'l
proposition. It wai the blackeøt nig1\'
he could have selected; thunder cloudø
hung over the pond, and an occasional flash
indicated an approachin't etorm, and added
no little terror to the occasion. To many of
u. this day seemed our last. Wh,-w!-
goiD't throu
h the old brewery a t night.
Our hearts beat a lively tattoo againat our
vests; but H.,enan would have gone, so
would Sayers. We vroped our way down
the hill, and after stumbhng about over the
rou'th ground and through Bhrubbery we
finaay got to the entrance of the old sluice.
It was 200 feet through into the bi" water-
wheel, which was located at one end of the
brewery. The gate of the sluice had long
been closed, and no water passed through it
from the pond, so we had a dry crfep; the
pa.asa
way was lar
e enough for us to go
two abreast, but waB vpry low; we had to
creep on our hands and knees, and I doubt
if the prisoners who esc!l.ped from Libby
Prison through the tunnel, of whose perilous
trip you have probably read, experienced a
more breathless journey than we did. We
Kot alon
, however, all ri'tht until we came
to the biJe wheel, and after we all climbed
through we stood en ct inside the wheel
to get a rest before we ex-
plored other portions of the
brewery. In the corner of the room where
the whëe:l wall located we thought we saw
what first appeared to be & ray of light
peepin
through a cra.ck in the wall We
aU looked intently upon the corner where we
saw two big bright eyes glaring at U8 like
two ooals of fire. We wtre paralyzed fOI' a
minute. not one of us mustering up courage
enout;t1i w speak. At lut the le,del.
whispered 'Let's get, t which we did, and

215

the wa.y we scrambled out through that
sluice to the entrancl' and got up the hill
can never be properly t'xpressed. UpOD
reachinJe Bloor street we walked hand iD
hand home. 'Do you think Heena.n 01
Sayer. would have stayed!' said one of the
boys. 'Not much,' said another. C You
can just bet they would have vamoosed it
they had seen those terrible eyes."
By the way, speakinll of Bob Uivins, he
was invited to speak at the graud celebra'
tion of the opening of thl:' new bridge across
the Mi!'osouri river at Omaha. upon whicb
occasion 30,000 citizens of Omaha and Coun.
cil Blufftl were present. This honour wal!l
801150 conferred upon the t(oyernors of Iowa
a'ld Nebraska and several UIJited Statel
sena.tors. Robt. C. Gh-ins always say.
something good when he gets on the plat form,
and on this occasion he made a pa.rticularly
witty and teUing speech. Just after passing
the Davenport rond on the east side of
Y onge street, is the brewt-'ry and maltiq

house of John Severn, who settJed in York.
ville and built the brewery in 1835. SeY-
eral years preyiou8 to this he had foHowed
his trade of black
mith in York, and on
going to Yorkville he built a smithy and
worked in it for a I.'hort time. The br
wery,
which is of brick and stone, was originally
built by the father of John Baxter, but WaLl
t'xtended from time to time by Mr. Severn
until now the building bears but a slight
resemblance to the stl ucture of half a cen-
turyago. The brewery, which in its pres-
ent condition, h seyera.l times larger than
Bloor's establishment ever was, overlook.
the ravine. Fifteen yt'ars aRo there was a pic-
turesque irr, gularity about the outJines of
Mr. Severn's brewery, the projet tin
gal-
l
ries round the domestic portion of the
buildinJe i nrlicating that the adjacent Bcen-
ery was not unappreciated. Mr. Severn con-
ducted the brewery up to the time of hi.
death, halt-a-doz
i:J. yea.rs a
o. after which it
was managed by hi. son, Geor
e, for a time,
but iB now unused. Mr. Severn left a large
property, which he disposed of by will. An
expensive litigation arose over a contest of
this will. The matter was set-
tled recently, but not until 126,.
000 had bp.en spent in the courtB.
Like Mr. Bloor, Mr. Severn was an E"g-
lishman. a.nd like him he gave his name to a
street, Severn street having been laid out
nea'" his brewery. Mr. S
vern was one of
the five first councillors or aldermen ot
Y orkville at the time of its incorporation in
1853, and this fact is embodied in the 80&.t
of arms on the town hall. Of this buildin.
which Btands on th.3 west Bide of Y,>Dge
street, but a short distance below Severn'.
brewery, Dr. Scadding &ays: "The singular

216

LAND
lARKS OF TORO
TO.

Hotel de Ville which in modern times dis. ! the shop. He belonged to the 13th Hu..
tinguiBhes Yorkville ha.s a Flemiah look. It I sars. The house wa. then divided into three.
might have strayed hither from Ghent. Mr. E'aulkner occupied the corner as a Ihoe
Neverthelesl!. as leen from numerous points store, L. 1>. Campbell the centre as a news
of view, it cannot be characterized as pic- IItore, and Mr. ;\lacdonald, the dyer, the
turesque or in harmony with its surround- west shop George Faulkner had " new.
ings. The Ihield of arms Bculptured in store afterwards in Campbell's pla.ce. Faulk.
stone and !:oet in the wall above the circular ner, however, sold out to A. 8. Irving. who
window in the front gable Pl'esentl the fol- had leased the corner shop from Mr. Faulk-
lowing charges arranged quarterly:-A ner, sr. L. D. Campbell came from Elmira,
beer barrel with an S I elow, a brick mould I N. Y., and was the first newsdealer who
with an A below, an anvil with a \V below, started busineis in Toronto. It is worth
and a jack plane with a IJ below. In the Doting that part of hus stock of papel'S wflre
centre in a shield of pretence is a sheep's I ' all contained on a long sh.H in the south-
bead with an H below, Theae symbols east corner of the little shop, an.l on a small
commemorate the first five councillors, or counter eght feet long on the west side.
aldermen, of Y orkvilla at the time of its in- L. D. Ca.mpbell waB a smart, plealin2
corpora.tion in 1853, and their *rades or I American, good-natured, and an entertain-
callings, the initials being thOlle resJ..ectively ing talker. Ca.mpbell was succeeded by
of the Burn ames of Mr. John Severn, Mr. Er,.stus Wiman, who later on moved into
Thomas Atkinson, Mr. James WallIs, Mr. , P. C. Allan's present IItand, the firm being
James Dobson, and Mr. Peter Ruttv. Over I I McDougall & Wiman, Wiman sold out to
the whole as a crest i", the Canadian beaver." Warne & Hall. The two east Bhops were,
Along the ravine which has jus, been men- i about 1860, thrown into one for Mr. Irvini',
tioned in connection with the breweries w, re 1 1 who remaine<i there with Ma.cdonald till
the earliea1i public ice house. in the vicinity the building. were bou
b* by Jacquea &
of Toronto. They were rude sla.b buildingl ' I Hay, 'Who erected a warehouse. This, in
thickly thatched over with pine branches. time) "'al torn down to make way for t.he
Spring water ice gathered from Lh
neigh- I new ßank of Commerce building, which oe-
houring ponds wall be e dored by Mr. ! cupies thill site, a.d that of the old Globe
Richarrls) an enterprising African, fifty ofuce to the weit.
years a
o. I Prior to the purchase by
lr. Dallal. for
, quite a number of ye&rs part. of the l.uIldin't
I waB occupied by the agency of the Commer-
CHAPTER LXV. cia.l Bank. of which John Rosa wal manager.
.Mr. Valla., who had carried on a wooden
THE OLD GLOBa CORNER. I wa.re business, transierred the property in
1850 to George Brown, of the Globe, and ..
Tbe IUt. of tbe Flrl' Newl Depot ID Toroato portion of it was occupied by \ha' journal as
-Tbe Old IHolM Omce anti .'Irllt Methodist I a printing office. A ßi
ht of Btepa led up
(;1I.reb. : through three heavy Itone arched entrancea
At the corner on Lhe Bouth-weBt where into a lobby about eight feet broad, from
Jordan stred runl at a right a.n
le to King which the Btore. and office. opened. Abou

Itreet, Born. forty yearB Bince or more was, twenty year. ago the fron
of the huilding
the Irving Btore, originally occupied by 'rail remodelled and given *he appearance
Willia.m Osbornfl, a land agent.. The house I shown in t.he Becond picture The Globe
was diviaed into two places of busineSB. I occupIed the weaterly side ot the buildin
&I
O"borne ha1 two daugh ters v. ho carried on a busineØ8 office, its preBsroom being in a
. millinery bUliness, whUe he wal engaged I building at the rear. At one tim. a part of
aa a land and commislion agent. The land I the building was occupied by the Farmer.'
bUline.
was carried on at the cornt!r IItore, I Bank, which sui Bequently closed its do on.
and the millinery business was carried on in The staff of the Globe then included many
a smaller Ihop to the west, After Oiiborne men who have lince made their mark in the
livId out, the corner was occupied by Mrs. ' I world. Eraitul Wiman waB a reporter. C.
Cook, a confectioner, a popular place for W. BuntinJ( was foreman of the composing
lunch early in the fifties. Mn. Cook after- I room. Chai. J. Harcourt, now of Birminfo(-
warda mo,,"ed to Yonge atleet, to the site of ham, England, and the late Wm. Edwards.
the present Aquatic laloon, Bouth of Spar- of Washing I on, were OD the staff. while t.he
row lane. The Imall Bhop to t.he welt was composing room was on the second floor
rented to Sheik. a toba.cconiBt. It was a and on the third floor were tbe editorial
Jl;reat lounging place for the officers of the rooIDa.
t.roopB 8ta.tioned here. One day one of them
..as arrested for havin& ridden his horse into

LAN DMARKS OF TORON roo

217

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218

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER LXVL I 5. His duty t!hall be to receive all produce
into the store and give proper receipts for
THE FARMERS' STOREHOUSE CO. the same and at proper timelil to take the
- produce to Montreal and dispose of it to
A.n Old-fallhioned Buølnell8-U8 Aim and I the tJelt advantage' to appoint an agent .r
End-Itl Memater. and Us Kule
. agents, at that plac;, and other places where
An institution that did good sen-ice it lßaT be found necessary for the company;
to the community some sixty years ago I to purchase goods ior the company (as near
is worth at any rate a passing notice. as may be) to suit the different demands of
It is not possible to do better than let the I the subscribers, and also that the said clerk
records of the Farmers' Storehouse Company on his return from MontreaJ or any other
tell
heirownstory. The C
nad
,,:nFreema
, of i place with goods purchased for .the company
.Apr1l17th. 1828, contalnlil tbllil advertise- /shall, before opening and exposlDg them for
ment :- I sale, lay before the cQmmittee or board of
"A general meeting of the Farmerlil' I directors a fair and correct statement
Storehouse Company will be held on the! of all sales and purchases made
22nd of March next, at 10 o'clock 80.11'., a.t I by him for the concern, detailing all the ex-
John Montgomery's tavern, on Yonge penses attending the same, for their inspec-
street, 'The Bird in Hand.' The farmerlil ; tion, in order to prevent any fraud or
are hereby also intormed that the storehouse I speculation on his part Also that the
is prop rly repaired for the accommodation sAid clerk shall once in every six month iii
of stora
e, and that eyery pOlilsible attention make out and present to the Raid committee,
IiIhall be paid to thole who store produce who shall meet for that purpol!e (a majority
therein. JOHN GOESSMAN, Clerk." of them being authorized in case all shall not
The following extractlil are taken from the be present), a full and correct state-
minute book of the company, beginning in ment of a.ll goodlil issued out of the IiItore,
1824. sold, bartered or anywise disposed ot; also
Upper Cana.da-ßome district, 7th Feb- the stock on hand with all other fair account.
fuary, 1824. of profit or loss belonging to the concern
The farmerlil of the home district, taklDg during the then last six monthlil for the in-
into consideration the benefit that the pub- I formation and satisfaction of all the stock-
lic might derive by the formation and I holders.
eatablishment of a general farmers' store 6. When thegoods are receiyed and exposed
upon a consistent plan, resolve as fol- for sale each liIubl.lcriber or cO-Fartner IiIhall
lowlil :- I have liberty to:take the goodlil or cash out of
1. That a suitable and convenient store- I the said store, to the amount of lubscriptioD
house be b
m, in the Town of York. . I paid into the concern, but shall
tand a debtor
2. That Imlilmess be commenced therem to the company and be considered bound
upon a capital that may be raised by liIub- to pay either in cash or produce, delivered
IiIcriberlil for shares in a company; the yalue into the stor'! sufficient and in time, that the
of which shares shall be t1"O pounds ten net proceeds thereof shall equal the a.moun'
shillings currency each. Every subscriber taken out in order to purchase more good iii
shall be considered a co-partner and sharer for the next seaRon.
In the profit and 1088 in proportion to the 7. The IiItorekeeper or clerk IiIhall be
number of IiIh.res he pays into the joint authorized to sell good iii to any person, either
stock, being at liberty
take .ny numl er of stQckholders or;not, at small profita (regu-
IiIhal'M not exceeding twenty. lated by the board or committee at their
3. A committee or board of directors shall half-yearly mp,etings), for cash or in ex-
be appointed annually by vote of all the chan[(8 for produce.
liIubscriben, consist.ing of five or more of 8. Every subscriber to these articles shall
the sublcribers, who shall be vested with 1 pay into the hands of the committee or
the whole direction and management of the : board of directors f:2 lOs. currency on eyery
buainess for the company, and aut.horized to i share they shall subscribe on or before the
build su
h a IiItofehouae as may be deemed I - for the purpose af pa.ying th
ex-
neoe88ary for the concern, and at the proper I pense of building the said store-house, and
time to employ a fit and proper person for a the remainder of their liIeyeral subscriptionlil,
liltorekeeper or clerk. eh.her in cash or produce fitting for a foreign

The nerson who shall be f'mployed alii a : market, deliTered iu the &tore, equal to Ihe
atoreKeepêr or clerk shall procure sufficient I amount on or before the first day of--,
aecurity or bonds to the committee or board i and the company agrees to meet at Mont-
of directori for the value of the property in- gomery's tavern on Yonge IiItreet, on the
truated to him fol' a just and faithful trans. firlilt day ot May next, for the purpose of
acÜOIt .f the bUlilineas. choosing the committee or board of directors

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

219

for carrying the plan into execution accord- r YORK. 4th Jan., 1825.
ing io the foregoing resolutions and make, _
ly Playter, Abraham Stouffer, Ja

b
further arrangements thereunto. . I "lDterstee
and .
ames F
rr met at Fall' ·
Ninth and lastly. \Ve, the su
aorlber., Inn and waited untll late. 10 the af
ernoon.
hereby promise and agree, and by these pre- No others ?f the C?m.mlttee commg, and
sents bind themselves each one of I they not bemg a maJority, agreed to meet
us to the committee or board of di- again at Montgomery'. tavern on
onge
rec
ors in behalf of the company, to pay I , s
reet the 15th instant, an
that notice be
into iheir hR.nds the amount of the several. given to those of the committee who were
shares annexed to our nl\mf'S, at the time I not present.
and in the manner and form agreea.ble to tbe I HOME DISTRICT, YONGE STREET,
foregoing articles . 15th
I\.nuary, 1825.
'l hell comes a long Ii.t of shareholders I At a mee
lDg of the committee for regula'-
among whom are those familiar names-- I inF; the business of the Fa.rmers' store the
John Montgom ry, of York, Jo'b a.nd Aaron following resolutions were adopted :-
Silverthorne (two thorough Tories of the I 1. That each one of the said committee
most ancient type), the ine"ltable Thomsons, I shall publish a notice and olherwi.e of each
of Scarborough, Eli Playter and William one of the several subscriber. to the .aid
Howland, besides hosts of others. I store of $3 on each store. 2. That a store-
At a meeting held in January, 1825, these, house be built in the town of York on the
resolutions were passed:- lot heretofore referred to-JOO fee
long, 20
1. That Ely Playter be called to the chair. feet wide, with 20 foot posts, made with
2. Thati Ely Playter, Abra.ham Stoufer. s:{ood, sound and sufficient material and
Joseph Pearson, Silas Fletcher, Jo.eph proper workmanship_ Sis:{ned by Ely Play
Shephard, Jacob Wintersteen, James Farr, I ter and four others.
Ueorge Playter a.na Geor
e W. Port, be --
appointed a committee or board of directors I CHAPTER LXVII.
for the purpose of carrying tbe concer,! of
the Farmers' Stor
into effect, agreeable to THE JENNINGS CHURCH.
the third article of the resolutions agreed
upo:! and subscribed to by the farmers of T
:rl::g
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the home district on the 7th day of February I Cbarcb.. tbe Corner of' BftY aad IUcla-
last. I mond.
3. That the said above-named com- Just fifty-one years ago. seven members
mittee or ltc'.ard of directors do meet in and twenty-one adilerentø of the Umted
York, at Howard'. inn, ou - day of next Secession Church of Scotland, me' in ..
month. I carpenter's IIhop on. Newgo.te street, now
YORK, June, 1824.-The commit'e met at I Adelaide street, and talked oyer the forma.
Howard's Inn, pursuant to agree- I tion of a con
regation and the building of
ment, and after some inquiry at the I a cburch for worship. The Rey. .John
Surveyor-General's office and else- Jennings, who came to Canada in 1838.
where respectins:{ a wa.ter lot to build was inducted pastor on 9tb July, 1839.
upon, it Was a.greed that Ely and Geo. The congregation met at first in the March,
Playter should be appointed '0 petition the or Stanley street. B"ptist chapel, up to 1840.
Governor-in-Council and endeavor to obtain when they rented the Methodis
Episcopal
a. grant for a water lot for :;he purpDse, chapel, which stood on Richmond street,
and that until the eveut W&ll known no the pr sent site of Richmond Hall, and in
furthf!r proceeding would be taken. The 1 1841 they purchased the building. In 1841
membere of the committee present were:- it was too small for the congregation, and a
ELY PLATER, I new church was erected on 'he corner of
JOSEPH PEARSON, Richmond and Bay streets, as '(iyen in the
SILAS FLETCHER, sketch. It was in the perpendicular Eng-
JACOB WINTERSTBEN, lish Gothic style of architecture, of white
JOSEPR SHEPHARD, brick and cut stone dressin'(s, baying ..
GEORGE PLAYTEB. square tower a
the west end, with octa.-
In consequence of his Exeellency the gonal termination and rich pinnacles, erected
Lieot. -Governor's absence from York I did from the desig:ns and under the Muperinten-
not obtain an answer to our petition ontil dence of William 1.'homas, architect. It;
- day of December, aftf'r which I Wrote bad accommodation for 900 persons, and
*0 the committee to meet at Fair's Inn in cost a bout .1:3,000. The builders and con-
York 011 the 'lih day of January, 1825. triloctors were Metcalfe, Forbe. & Co. Earl,.
ELY PLATEB. in the sixties a great storm occnrred in To-
ronto, and one of the stone pinnACles at the

220

LA
DMARKS OF TORONTO

I
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I'
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øoath-east corner of the church wa.s blown I on St. Joseph street. One of his sons,
down and fell throulth the roof. The stone Mr. Bernard Jennings, is assistant-manager
in its flight downward detached a piece of of the Imperial Bank, Toronto. Mr.
wood with a nail in it, which also fell, the I William Jennings is one of the chief
na.i! piercin
a Testament in one of the engineers of the Canadian Pacific Rall-
ealbry pews and, punctured the book "'oay, and Mr. Robert Jennings i.
through to the text: Mark vii, 25, "And manager of the Bank of Commerce
the winds blew and beat upon that house; at Pari., Ontario. One of his daughters is
a.nd it rell not; for it was founded upon a married to Mr. Creelman. the well known
rock.. " solicitor. The name of Jennings is to this
The building has since been torn down to day a household word in the .Pl"esbyt erian
.a.ke room for the fine edifilJe of the Col. homes of Ontario, and many of the old
lege of Physicians and Surgeons u Ontario. / families have preserved the name of Joha
Dr. Jennin
s res:gned the pastorate in Jennings iu the bOYIiI of the present KeDer-
1874, and died two yeara afterwa.rds, deeply ation.
rearetted. His family still live in Toronto

LA
DMARKS OF TORONTO,

221

CHAPTER LXVIII. about this !!lame or . little later period than
this sketch, there was a sort of cribbiDI
AN EARLY BAY SHORE VIEW. along the front to prevent
e "ater wash.
Tb
Old Fish Markel-Steftmboaf. A.f'.er- ing the shore. The la.nd did not .t
wftrd. City Holel and ('omn BoUdin. that time extend out in
the bay
Wbere Slace r"Aen&,
r. Were Booked. as far as at present aa may
One of the best known inns at York pre- be seen at a glance. At the water's edge
vioua to 1830 W&ll the Steamboat Hotel stood a one-storey frame building, nry
on Front IItreet eaB'. It was a two- ,much like a diminutive barn. Within t
is
.tore., buildina-, remarkable for the were two rows of tables or stalIe, on whICh
.opirited delineation of a steam packet the fish were displayed. To this place aK
of Y&8t dimensions extending the who!e the fishermen of the town were in the habit
!
th of the buildmg just over the upper of comlD
dai:y with their catchell. The
yerandah of the hotel. Its proprietor for fish of the lake, such as trout, whitefi
h,
many yeaze was a well known citizen named pike, pickerel, perch, and sunfish were
IDick H{Jward. In 1828, .Mr. Howard, in much plentier and cheaper then than now.
an advertisement, couched in the following Twenty-five cents was the highest price
terms, offered to let hïá hotel. "Steam- ever demanded for the finest liIalmon trout,
boat hotel, York, U. C. The proprietor of Fresh salt water fish however
this elegant establishment,now unrivalled in was an unkncwn luxury to the inhabitants
this part of the country, being desirous of of the towvn at this time. In these day\!
retiring from public business on account of there were no fish stores about town aa now.
ill-health in his family, will let tha same Occa!Sionallya fÌshf'rman's wife w{Juld peddle
for a. term of yea.rs, to be agreed on, either fish about from house to house, but this was
with or without the furniture. The e
tab- not of frequfent Ot currence a.nd it was cus-
lishment is now too well known to require tomary for the heads even of the wealthieat
comment. N. B.-Securi y will be required and most aristocratic families to GO their
for the payment of the rent and the tulfil- own marketing and carry their purchl1l1 S
ment of the contract in evpry respt'ct. home themselves. South of where Sr.
Apply to the subscriber on the premises. Lawrence han now I:Itandlil and between
U . HowARD. York, October 8th, 1828." tha.t and the fish market was a. poultry
Soon a.fter tbis Mr. Howarù rented the ho- yard. The old fish market at
he water's
tel, and the new landlord took dQwn the edge was discontinued about 18B4 or a httle
sign of the stea.mbod and re-named the inn later. A little farther weet, close by the
the City Hotel. What this elegant estab- Ontario House, one of the early hotels of
lishment was ill thrnle days may be learned the town, Market street from the west
frem the a.utobio[Craphy of Mr. John Galt, entered Front street at an acute an
le. In
CommisE.ioner of the Canada. Company a.nd the gore between the two streets a buildillg
founder of Gue'ph. He vÌ3ited York in sprang up, which in conforming to its si
,
1824 and again in 1827. On these occaeions assumed on one side the shape of
he sTopped at Fra
ll(,s Hotel, which i;hen a coffin. Tbis building of brick three
enjoytd the reput1tion of being the best hotel stories high. painted yellow, is still stau.d-
in the town. In 1827 he thus writes: The ing in its original location at the junction of
rea.dEr is probably acquainted with the man- WeLington, Front and Church ",treets. It
ner of living in Amel iean hotel", but with- is shown in the illustration. The foot of
out experience he ca.n haye no ri
ht notion this building, which was alwa.ys known and
of what in these daYIiI is the condit.ion of the is to this day as the Coffin building, was the
best tavern in York, which he de'cribe8 as a ('ffice where travellers booked themselves
mee.n two storey buildinv,
onducted with for yarious parts in the stt'lgf'S, that from
little regard to the comfort of its patrons. time to time started from York. In the
Comparing York e.nd Dover, England, in early da.ys I
aac Buchanan & Co. occupied
another p
ace Mr. Galt says: "Every the main part of the buiidiJJg, and after-
body who has befen at Dover knows that it wards Miller & Foulds. Sub
equpntly it was
ia one of the vilest haunts on the face of the cut up into officee and is used tJy Sl1ch now.
earth excc pt Little York in Upper Canada. " In those dl:\Ys of stave coaches travel WUII a.
On. the beach below the Steamboat Hot
l, or far different thing from what it now is.
881t is in the accompanying illustration the Mrs. Jame
on, in her journal at Toronto,
City Hotel, was at a later period a market writes in 1836 :-" It is now seven weeKs
for the
..le {)f fish. Bartlett has sketched since the <la
of the last letters from my
this in his .e Canadian Scenery," e.nd it is dear, fa.r-:!istant home. The Archdeacon
from hi. picture that -;he view given is ob- told me by way (Jf comfort th:l.t when he
tained. In this foreground are It!'OUDS of came to aettle in this country there wa.
connntional fi!hwi\'e. Bnd equaws: At only one ma.il post from En({land in the

222

. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

2'L3

&:ourse of a whole year, and it was called, residence ert'cted by him, for many YE'a.rs
p,s if in mockery, the Express."
:he Quebec seemed a place of abode quite remote from
Gautte of 179:l advertises tltis express as the town. It was still W be Men in 1870
follows: _ "A mail for the Upper in the heart of McGill squa.re, Uld was long
countries , comprehendín
Ni
ara. and De- occupied by Mr. McCutcheon.. brother of
troit, will be cl06ed at thh office on Monday, the inheritor of the bulk of Mr. McGill s
the 30th inst, a.t 4 o'clock in the e...ening to property, '..ho, in a
ordanoe with his-
be forwarded from Montreal by the annual f uncle's will, and by authority of an Act of
winter express, on Thursday the 3rd of Feb. parliament assumed th., n&me ot McGill,
next. " In 1816 it took. four days to reach and became .ubsequently well known
Niagara from York. An advertisement in throughout Canada u the Hon. Peter
1816 announces that h on the 20th Septem- McGill
bel' next, a stage will commence runnin
From Mra. Seymour, of O..tawa, a daugh-
between York a.ud Niaga.l"a: it will leave ter of Dr. Powell, we have a lot of interest-
York every Monday and arrive at Niagara ing facta. Mrs, Seymour has a. distinct
on 'fhursday, and leave Queens- recollection of all that occurred in York, I\t
town every Friday. The ba.gga'te the time of the war.
is to be considered at the risk 0: the OWHer There wa
a detachment of a few com-
il.nd the fare to be pa.id in advance." In 1824 pa.nies of the 8th Regt. stationed at the
the mails 'were conveyed the same distance time in York, who were established as a
via, Ancas:;er in Lhree days. In the same support of the York ß3.ttalion of incorpora-
year Postmaster William Allan advertises ted militill.. On the evening of Sa'urday,
t.hat the mails are made up at York on the the 25th of April, 1812, a party had assem-
afternoon of Monday and Thursday and bled at McGiii cott3ge, hearing that the
must be delivered at Niagara on the AmeriCAll ßef"t had arrived near the ha.r-
Wednesday aDd Saturday following and bour. It wa.s thel'l. arranged that at all
within the Bame period in returning, haza.rds the records and public documents
Wiìliam Weller in 1835 wa.s the pl"oprietor of the province should be preserved, ac-
of a line flf s
s between Toronto a.nd cording!y a h&
ghty official was entrnsted
Hamilton. known as the Tele
raph Line. with them under directions to take them to
He a.d..-ertised to take pa.ssengers throUih Kingston, He took his orders, (and hia
by dayli
ht on the JA.ke roa.d during the leave) departing strai
htway on foot by the
winter aea,'!on. old Kingston road.
Meanwhile the Ame"'icans had secured I/o
CHAPTER LXIX. landing and advanced on the old fort.
THE M'GILL SQUARE I Mrs. Seymour, then Mias Powell, and the
_ . , other ladies, gathered in McGill C07tage,
t'IIt. lUte of tbe Metropolltftll. aud Ita were busily employed in cooking bread and

:
C

:I I
::::t-;:
:nethluK About Oue of I other rations for the comfort of the troop3,
Joh n McGI ' 11 I . . f " I . 11 when an explosion W&8 heard, which proved
II a name ami 1M to a b h bl . f .
Canadians. He came to Canada with the to. e t e OWIng up
the magazIne.
Queen's Rangers' 1"90 d d ' This, of course, was the signal for the cap-
,_._ ,_ , ..
_ . In , . an wa.:s a _Jutant ture of the garrison, and in a few minutes
of that reglm nt m 179j,and co
mlS8lOnt:r of the inmates of McGill Cotta
e S&W that
stores for Uppe!' Canada 1ll t
e sa
.9 they were prisoners in their own native
year. Mr. MeGdl was an active _ CUI- town bT the sl1dùen app
arance of the
ran of the old
ow
,. of 1: ork. Star: . and Stt-ipes in {)lace of
So la
e
1833,Walton In hl
. York Com, the Union Jack. After this two
mercia! Dlrector
, Street Gu
de and R"gis- or three Ame1"Ìcans were despa.tched to
ter," when nll:mmg t
e residents on L'Jt McGill Cottage for the purpose of prote(
ting
street, as he s
1l1 d.eR,lgnates Queen street, the ladies fr"m any io&ults that might be
makes a note III a.rrlvIng at two pJ.rk lots to offered to them from the camp followers
the westw
rd of the spot wher
",e ha
e that are always found in the wake of a.n
been pauslDg, to the effect that II here this ar
:ree
ill intercepted. by the grounds of Ca.pt.

ior to all this, a flag ha,l b
en prepa.red
cGdl, S. P. Jar
,. E:!q., and Hon" W. by the ladiell of Torc.nto, and pre
ented to
Allan, .past here It
s open, to the Ro
an the regiment of incorporated militia. In
CatholIc church, and I
ten
,eu to be carried theil' desire not to It't the ßag pa.ss out of
through to
he Don brIdge. their possession they requested Mrs. Mc-
Mr. McGill W808 firs
own!r ?f the park lot Gill to take char
e of it, on the capitulation
OIl Queen stree
. Situated III fields at the of the town. Thi3 provoked a reply from
l!Iouthern extremity of a stretch of .forest, one ot the ladie3 to the effect that it w

the comfortable and pleasantl,,-sltuated oàd that a ßa
, which was presented by

224

LANDMARKS OF
TORONTO.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

225

': \oJ

the women of York to their defenders should
be brought back-back by one of these lieU.
same defender.:; and entrusted to the donors
for aa.fe keeping
Mrs, Sèymour states that the conduct of
the Americans, officers and men, was beyond
all praise, they
mulating each other in their
desire to rflnd",r their unpleasant duties as
little disagreeable as they possiblV could to
those who were in fact their prisoners,
making th
m really more than guests.
(The !Ounder of McG-ill College in Mun-
treal was nf a diff'
rent family. The late
Cclpt. James McGill Strachan derived his
name from the marriage connection of his
father with the latter.)
lu the Gazette and Oracle oÏ November
13th, 1803, we observe Mr. McGill, of York,
adYertisin
as "agent for purchases" for
pork and beef to be supplied to the troops
stationed "at Kingston, York, Fort George,
Fort Chipp
wa, Fort Erie and Amherstburg."
In 1818 he is Receinr-General, and Audi-
tor,General of land patents. He had form-
erly been an officer in the Qu
en's Rangers,
and his name frequently occurs in
"8imcoe'lil Hi,tory" of the operations
of that corps during the war of
the American Revolution. From that
work we learn that, in 1799, he, with
the commander himself of the corps, then
Lieut.-Col. Simcoe. fell into the haud!! of
the revo utionary authorities and was treat-
ed with great harshnells in the common jail
of Burlington, Nt:w Jersey; and whcn a
plan Was devised for the Colonel's escape,
Mr. McGill volunteered, in order to further
its success, to personate his commanding
offi':er in bed and to take the consequences,
while the latter was to make his way out.
The whole project was frustrated by the
breakinll of a J alse key in the lock of a door
which would have admitted the confined
aoldierlil to a room where" carbines and
ammunition" were liltored a1\'"ay. L'eut.-
Co). Simcoe, it is added, in the history just
n!lmed, afterwards offered Mr. McGill an
annuity, or 100 make him Quarter master of
Cava1ry ; the latter, we are told, he ac-
cepted of, as his grandfather had been an
officer in King William's army; and "no
man," Co1. Simcoe himself notes, U ever
executed the office with Jrreater integrity,
courage and c.mdl1ct." Th
southern portion
of Mr. McGill';s park lot ha.s, in the course
of modern cYtonts, come to be assiO'ned to re-
ligious uses. McGill
quare, wh cb'" contained
the <lId homestead and its surroundings Ð nd
which wae a.t onE. period intended, as its
D&D1e indicates, '0 be an opeu public square,
wall secured in 1870 by the Wesleyan
Methodist body and made the site of its
principal p
ace of worship and of yaci()us
15

}

establililhments connected therewith. 1m,
mediately north, on the same prop
rty, th,
Romll.n CathoHcs had previous y built theÌl
principal place of worship and numerous
appurtenances, attracted possibly to the
spot by the Fxpecta.tion tha.t Mc.
Gill square would
ontinue for-
ever an open ornamental p:ece of p:round.
A little farther north a cro!ls street, leading
from Y onge street eastward, bears the name
of McGill. An intervening cross-street pre-
serves the name of Mr. Crookshank, who
was Mr. McGill's brother-in-la.w.
About 1802 it is reported tha.t "at a
meeting of the liIubscribers to a fund for
erectinfl a church in the Town of York,"
Capt. McGIll ilil one of a commIttee of sub,
scdberEi to raise funds. Capt. McGill was a
pew-holdp.r in St. James' church in 1818.
in the Gazette of March 14th, 1801, we find
reported a meeting of subscribers to the
opening of Y onge street. A list of the Fub.
IiIcriptions is given in doÌlars : "Hon. J. Mc-
Gill, $16" We find that John McGill was
Recorder pro tem of an Encampment of
Knights Templar who met in Kingston in
1800, and in an MS, oÍ November 2nd,
1800, we find John McGIll and Alexander
McNab, botb of the Queen's Rangers, en,
tered as members of this Masonic or
aniza.-
tion.
III an account for printing, the Govern-
ment of Upper Canada to John Bennett,
GC'vernment printer, dated 24th June, 1805,
we find the account f:63.5s.9J. marked :-
"Examined. Rigned, JOHN MCGILL, 111-

pector-G{'n'l P. P. AccL". A true copy.
JOHN MCGILL, Inspector-Gen'l P.P. Accta."
In the Dumber for May 30th, 1793, of the
Upper Canada Gautte or Amer:can Oracle,
we h lye ten guineas reward oftered for the
recovery of a government grindstone:-
" Ten guineas reward is offered to any per-
son that will make discovery and prosecute
to conYiction, the thief or thieves that han
stolen a griad'itolle from the King's whuf
at Navy Hall, belweeu the 30th of April
and tbe 6th in;,;tant. John McGill, Com.
of Stores, etc" etc., for t he province of
Upper Canarla. Queenstown, 16th May.
1793. "

226

LAKDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER LXX I into ihe occupation of Captain Jame.'5 McGill
. Strachan. He was ihe son of Bishop
THOMAS MERCER JONES VILLA. I Strachan, anC1 was named after his uncle
The Douse ðe
upled by Dim at the (;orner James Strach
, a bookseller of Ab2.rdeel1,
of Front and York streets anti Aftert'tardll and Mr. McGill, the fOl:',nder of McGill col-
by Captain 8tracban. l Iege a.t Montreal, into whose fa.mily Dr,
Kear the north-west corner of Front and Strachan ma.rried. From 1816 to 1819
York streets, surrounded by grounds of James McGill Strachan WdS one of the
consiùerable extent, stands a brick villa I pupils at his father's. Home District Gra.m-
adorned with verandahs a.nd more irregular mar
chool., He marrl'3d & da.ughter of Chioef
and picturesque in outline than most of I J u.stlce R
b;nson, an
thð hou
e of Mr. Jones
the buildings of York, for although not bell
g adJacent to his I..
he
s was a con-
one of the earlies1i houses still it was vement p,ace of abode for him. He oecu-

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bullt the yea.
' b
forè the town of , Y (Irk I plt:1.1 ii as a residence until about 1860. when
became the village of Toronto. It was de- ii W'&8 bought by John Skae, better knoW'.1
signed or built in 1833 by John G. Howard as Johnny Skae, I\t one time a California
for '.rhomas Mercer Jones. A tall brick I millionaire. He paid about $20,000 for the
wall surrounded th
grounds at the street property. His mother and siaters lived
line completely shutting them from the here until 1887, when the property was
sighi of passers-by. This wall Wall similar I sold to David Walker for $75,000.
to the adjoining Viall in front of Bishop It extends three hundred feet on York st. by
St;ra.chan's home which probJ.bly su
gested two hundred feet on Front street. A bloet:
the idea. to the builder. Mr. Jones lived I of store::! is now being erected in front of the
here for a time, and then the property passed old villa 'Which is MOon to be torn down, aDd

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

with the erection of the modern places of
business will disappear some of th
fine tre
-
which have ornameüted the residences In
that pJ.rt of the town.

CHAPTER LXXI.
MONTGOMERY'S HOTEL.

The I!!
ene or .he BeKlnllID&, ..d tbe En4
er the Ma
keÐzle Rebellion In Toronlo-
A.

OIl.ls .r Eye "''Ilne.ses.
A clapboard hou3e with a lean to behind,
standing in pros80L: loneliness ill a.n uneven
stretch of garden around, streaked by ru
ged
fences with a few stalwart relics of the thick
forest that wa:,; the last redoubt of the fight-
ing pa.triot who Rave Montgomery farm its
place in history. This is all that marks the
ground. In the squat cottag'
s on the
lIide road the black lettered sign" lots for
sale on ea.-;y term
," across Y onge street
or the red brick villas further north in the
land that was once within the fences of the
hi<toric farm, there is nothing to waken the
memorie.s that ought to clin
to the camp
ground of Mackenzie's men. A two-storey
&Ild mansa.rd brick hotel occupies the sik of
the country ta.vern in which former gen-
erals and colonel'S plotted the overthrow of
the Family Compact, And on Y onge street
and near the hitching post in frout of the
hotel the Loyalist Colonel Moodie was shot
dead on the Monday ni
ht of the rebellion
week, as he tried 10 ride throuuh
the patriots' line. To the field close to that
side of the road that runs west from Y ong."
street two or three hundred yards south of
Eglinton the outpmts were driven before
the Lnyalist mu;.<keteers, who marched up
from the city ihirty-one years aQ:o. Shel-
tered by the trees thð.t then lifted their bare
branches above the spot p:ctured by our
artist, the half-armed, badiy 2 ene ra.lled,
but courageoU3 rebels stood out
against the enemy. But natura]
courage and pìk63 were a poor defence
aRaimt the buIleis and grape shot that the
LoyaiÏsts were pouring into the woods. For
a few minutes the patriots held their ground.
The fire from the flint locks of the well
a.rmed enemies grew hotter. The Loyalists
closed in on the besieged rebels. The dread
of bein
surrounded startled the men who
were fighting hopele:,;
ly amoll'{ the trees.
They wavered as the enemy pres'!ed in, and
their ranks broke in the twos and threes of
.tra.ggling fugitives who hurried away from
'he øeene of defeai !IoS the flames from the
ia.vern fired 1>y the Loyalists in celebration
of their victory J g owed in the smoke

m

cloud that darkened the clear au
of ihat chilly December afternoon. Th

leaders of the forcE's that met in battle are
gone. Even their mem<lries are dead to all
but the student or she yearly thinning
ronp
of Reform and L,yyalist pioneers, who either
treasure the memory of Mackenzie and his
colonels or gloss with a touch of kindlv
forgetfulness the seeming frailties that do
not endear
he names of Macktnz:e, Lount
and Matthews to the old settlers who fought
with the conquerors of lS"n But in the white
house on a hillsidE' near Hogg's Hqllow the pic-
ture of the p:J.triot chief han
s high upon the
wall. Here lives Mr. Anderson, who at the
time of the rebellion was working
as a watchmaker in a build-
ing ou the north-east corner of Y on2e
and. Richmond streE'ts. The city was small
thc
the tollgate used to bar the road in
front of the Indian clock then, and Jand,
"Why," said Mr. Anderson," I foo
ishly
missed a chance ('If Lnying two aCl fS on
Y onge stre .t, near Elm, for $300. M V father
was a Tory, but I was a pretty lively young
man and used io run wlih the Reformers
who 'took up with Mackenzie as soon as he
came to the city. My brother John and I
sided with him and attended at the p.:-inting
office when Dr. R )Iph and all the Re:ormers
of the city met. Anyone who wanted to
sep. the country happy had to be
Reformer
in those day". Why, you couldn t col!ect a
CE'nt of deh' from any of the Family Com-
pact crowd if they didD't want to pay you.
Yon could sue and get judgment all right,
but you had to pay your own costs, for ne
matter how good the man was, if he be-
longed t-o any of the Family Compact house.
the judgment would c ,me hack from the
sheriff's officer marked nulla bona. All
along we expected t'J straighten tilings out
at the polls until Sic Franci" and his crowd
swamped us at the election in the summer
ot 1837. Why, his men distribut ,d tickets
giving titles to farms on ihp la'-:e shore ro&d
and in the bush that 110 one eTer
knew were farm'!. Ther e were no
such farms, but with these tickets in
their hand i the hired men would go to th e
polls and swear that they got four dolìars a
year out of farms that they did not own nor
no one else ever did own. But ttIeSf> ticket
holders swore enough votes through.t(o beat
us Reformers who had property in the
country, and after that we sa.w that there
was nothing before us but a fight. Wernet
oftener in Mackenzie's office_ Lount,
}JaUhews and other Reformers used to
come in, and we were all arming for the re-
beJlion. The reheJs were to meet over
mv store on the Monday before the
fi!!ht at Monteomery's. but there was a girl

228

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

hangeà in front of the jail on Toronto street
that day and there was snch a crowd in
town ,hat the arran2ement fell through. I
knew that the rebels were out at Mont-
gomery's, for [ think my brother John, who
kept a dry goods store on Y on!l;E ttreet, went
out to join on Monday night. But bright
anà early Tu
sday morninK I atart
d. I
left my wife, as she remembers, at our place
and took. my double-barrelled gun and
walked along; up Yonge street. Up near
Jonat),an Scott'a corner, McGill street, I
met Sheriff Jarvil' coming down. Good
morning, Anderson, Baid thJ aheriff, looking
closely at the gun I W'l.R ca.rryinjZ. Good

fHOl\US ANDERSON,
morning, sheriff, I answered: it's a nice
day. I pa.ased on. He did not try to lor..
lest me, althou!!h he knew where I was
J.::oing. I had a Kun. He had no arms, and
I would have fought, I think, before I
could have been kept from going out to
join the rebelt!J.. When I got out to Mont-
Komery'. two or three hundred rebels
were there. This Wat on Tuesday,
and all that day the R
formers
from the townahip w.'re coming in.
Som9 rode in, some march..d aud a good
many of the fa.rmers were driven in by their
youni sons, who took the wag-gODs
k
a!!ain. That ni
ht we marched down as far

221

as McGillltreet and the:! fell back, whea
we could have chased Sheriff JarvÎ:!' mell
right into the city. Things would hue
been different if we had had a leader.
Poor MackE'IJzie meant well, aad
was brave enough, but he was n.
soldier. If old Volonel Van E17moa.
had been there that niJlht all the Ènglisla
in Toronto-and there were not m lilY jut
then-could not have kept the city from aL
But he wasn't there, alld we misøed oar
chance. After we got back to Montgomery'&
I was on guald part of the night. Wednea
day morning we marched down to Bloor
street, and after we got ba.ck Mackensie
and Lount went off with ei
hty or a hundre.t
men. They WE're away stopping the HallIÍ1-
ton atage, and in the evening they brought
the mclil bags which they took to tàe
tayern, where Mackenzie opened them.
I was not nry well acqUf1int.à.
with Lount or Matthewli. Lount wa. a
member of parlia.ment and they were
colon
ls while 1 W&8 a young printe. But
they WE're both fi ,e men. Lount was aa
axeÌna.ker up near Holland Landing. An
axe was a big thing h the bush in thoee
days, and if a man had not money Lannt
used tu make him an axe and trust him for
the pay. In that way he ttarted many a
poor fellow. He made axea for the Indiaaa
up there, and
ome of them came down t.e
I foronto to see if they could not save hi...
but of course it was aI, no use, poor fellowL
After I left Montgomery's I saw them u
more in IFe or dea.th until years later whea
David Gibson and 1 du
up their
bodies from the old Potters' field, near'
Bloor 8tre
t. ' When they wue firat buried
it was ticklish ti:nes for Reformers. Da.Yi4
stepped quietly into the field and dropped a
marble in Lount's litrave, so that it might be
told from M l.Uhews'. Wilham Lvon Mac--
kevzie came up just as we were lifthlg the
bodies into the wap;e:on, and the three of 11&
rode in the wag
on to the Necropolis, where
we buried these murdered men, for I can it
murder, in one grave.
Thomas Sheppa.rd, an old pioneer.
WI a rebel, as were all the
family. Mr. Sheppa.rd saye :-The Shepparch
in the old days were known all over the
country as Reformers and my brother Mike
and I busied ourselves .Jection time work.
ing for Mackenzie. M. thought we could
break the Family Compact hy sending tbe
right sort of men to parliament, but the
la8t election before the rebellion they
drowned us with crooked votes. After th&&
Mackensie used to tell us we would haY. t.
'!boulder muskets to get our rights. Tht>
leaders met quite often in ToroDte
that lIunlmer after tbe election. anel

230

LA
D
lARK
OF TORONTO,

in the eariy fall the word was pas
erl
tor us to commence drilling. Mike and I
then liyed at the mill b.\ck of Lansing, np
Y onge street. We would take our muskets
ar.à join the other Reformus who were
drilled bv an old soldier who worked I
ihink in Mackenzie's printing office.
e
drilled at Uncle Jake Fisher's farm in
Vaugha.n. Ma(,kellZie med to ride out from
the city and watch the old Boll:ier put the
fanners through their facin
8. All the men
from our nei
hbourhood carried mu-kets,
but Mackenzie had only a brace of pocket
pistols. Altogether we must have driUed
at Uncle Jake's four or five times b
for. w

were called out. I knew the day set
for the muster at Montgomery's. The
Monday night before the fight I was
sittil g by the fire at mother's getting ready
io join the rebels on Tuesday when we heard
a knock 3.t the door. My mother hurried
aeross the floor to open it and there stood
Sarnu ,1 Lount with fifty Reformers from up
Lloydtown way. They had marched thirty
miles down from the IiItreet and were tired
and cold and hungry. Poor mother couldn't
do el10ugh for them when she saw who they
were. They crowded around the fire, and
after gettin!l all they could eat Lount order-
ed them to fboll in and away they marched
down to .Mont
omery'... Next day I 8aid
good-bye to my wife and the folks at home
and went down to join the boys. ThLre
were &eyen or ei
ht hundred of thEm at the
tavern, I suppose; fine fellow!', too, men
who had families and fa: ms to fight for.
Some farmers drove in from up country,
with their boy"'. They were brave enou
h,
aDd if they'd a.ll had muskets they would
han beaten the Tories I bplieve. Lount
and other blacksmiths who were Reformer9
maàe a lot of pikes, but these were no
weapons fOf' real fighting. But t]oat Tues-
day night we made 8. start. Mackenzie 01"-
dered U8 to march down Y onge s: reet, and
..way we went. He led
8. I was
in the front rank, along with Thomas
Anderson and his brother John. We :õtep-
ped
ently along until we were coming out
of ihe woods at Jona.
ha.n Scott's corners.
All at onc
8Om
Tori. s who were in the
brick houle then with Shuiff J 801 vis, fired
on us ; don't know but tbey fired another
volley bt'fore they ran. They took the
back track quick enough, and if our fellows
had only beP.D s:eady we would have taken
the city that night. I doo't know what
started our men runnin", but m08' of them
made off up Y ol'ge
treet as fait &8 the
oiber fellows did down to the town. For a
while some of us at the front !'tood onr

ouud, and I was firing away amonli! the
I.., of them. But a.fter
ee (){" four

minutes of this work, I said to my&elf,
here a handful (f us ca.n't go down
and capture Toronto so we took alter 'he
rebels who were makiug for Mont
ornery's
again. Next day Sir Francis selrli oa.t
Baldwin and Rolph with a flag of truce, bal
nothing carne of it. E"1.rly Thursday InOCD-
ing, the dav of the fight 1101; MO'ltgomery's,
Col.Peter Matthews took acoup:
ofhnndred
of the best
hots and started away to r.itack

THOMAS SHEPPARD.
the Tories who were guardinli! the Don
brid
p. John Anderson, my brother Mike
ann I were with Matthews' men. It was
while we were away that the Torie! came up
to the farm. If we had been there with OUI'
musket thin
8 might have been different but
when all the men who had gooa weapons
were away with Matthews the men und
r
Lount had no chance to stand ag, inst the
mUokets and cannon brought against lihem.
M..tthews led us a.rounå the Don bridge,
when we cams on the Toties. We fired a
volley &Dd th
Y scattered and didn't wait
for more. Then he muched us f(Jur miles
down the Kiugston road to a tavern,
where we had supper at h{;r M6j('sty'B
expense. The man gave us wtlat we
wanted &nd cha.nced it to the L-oyernment.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

231

I suppose. BV this time we had heard I ston, whose sons used to live in
about the ending of the fip:ht at Mont- Yorkville, quickly raised a crowd of armed

omery's and kn
w that all wag over with \ Tories, surrounded the house and tired ÌG.
the rebellioD. I stayed guard at the tavern at the windoW1l until Matthews gave him-
while the others were in at their supper and self up. Johnston took him down io To-
in an hour my turn came. Then I had a I ronto and got his blood mOll!'!Y. Sunday
ehe.nce to speak to Matthews. J.Jet's make afternoon we were overtaken. We went
for the Rouge, said I to him. 'Ve can seize 80 1 into Silverthorne'>>, out near the Humber,
stone-hooker there and
et c'ear across the for dinner. This Silverthorne wa.ò a Re-
lake to the States. He didn't like the idea : fOrll
r, although the rest of his falks were
and lost his ltfe by thinking we had a better I Tories. '\Vhile Wtl were eating
cha.nce to "et off by strag
ling in
ouples our dinner Mr. SiiverthoTne ran in
than by making a break all together for the from the doOl.' and iold us that
RCiuge. We stayed in at ihe tavern some men on horseback were comin
up

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SCENE OF THE PATRIOT DEFEAT.

that 'I'hursday night, and Friday morn- I to the house. We st<Jrted up from the table
ing we said good-bye to each a.nd footed it away through the woods.
oth
r and took the track throngh the .Just as We were nearing .be river we heard
wood. John Anderson, Mike and I kept to- I a horseman behind us. It was a Tory neigh-
lether. That mght we slept at the house of b"ur of the SPnr . thornes. He told us thai
a friend east ofYonge street. Saturday noon we had not a gho-t of a chance tù get away,
we put into John Milne's house. We ha.d I and that the I'!:overnor w. uM pardon us if
driven a.hf're. It was at this house we gave ourselves up. W e took the ch&nces
tha.' poor fuattbews was captured. He and and went off with him. He drove us into
.orne more n beh tri:d to dodge in at the I Toronto a.nd we were lodged in the olrl pa.

back door. But a. nelghbour named John- liament buildings. 'Ve w
re memben
IJton spied th m and sent his httle girl over of parliament until near Christm a, aDd
O . n a.u errand to see who was in the house_ , then they carted us off to the jail. We were
The girl went back and told that put into a cell in the south-welt oorDf'r.

ere were .tra.ngers at Milne's: John- L:>oking out from my window one day I

232

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

looked my last on poor Samuel Lount.
They were bringing him into the gaol that
hE never left untIl they led him out to the
"allow.. He was strondy guarded, loaded
down with shackles, and looked a. hello t-
broken man. \Ve were never brought to
tria.l at all. They did better for John An-
derson and old John Montgomery. They
gave them what th3Y called a trial and
sentenced them both to the gallows. John
Anderson took his sentenCe quietly,
but they say that old John
Mon tgomery turned on the chid
justice !Iond the lawyers who were against
him a.nd Baid :-" You think you can send
me to the
allows, l ut I tell you that when
you're all frizzling with the devil, 1"11 bOj
keep:ng tanrn on Y onge street." And
sure enough he came back and kept tavern
at the oM spot. We were all k
pt in the
jail on Toronto street until June the 8th,
when thEY packed us off to Kingston on the
steamboat, John Montgomery and John
Anderson were pa.rdoned and they were in
the crowd that marched in cha.ins down to
the Yonge street wharf. We thought it was
Van Dieman's land sure Th
mothers and
wives of the rebels crowded around to see
the last of us as they thou2:ht. I tell you it
was a hard parting with the old folks, who
stood there on the wharf looking after the
steamer until we were out of sight. At
Kingston we were marched to Fort Henry,
where we were suppo"ed to stay until her
Majesty was rea.dy to give us a free p:.\S,age
to Van Diem1.n's la.nd, There were with
Ui John Anderson, John Montgomery,
'Vllson Reed, of Sharon, Mr. KetlDedy,
Thoma.s Tracy, John Stewart, L30nard
Watson, John G. Pa
ker of Hamilton,
Mr. Stockdale, Giibert Morden, Mr.
Brophy, Mr. Marr, my brother Mike and
I. We "ere n'1t well st..tt'ed before the
colonel in charge oi the fort eyed us all
over. Now, prisoners, said he, I'll not al-
low you even to drive a nÚl in the wall or
def&ce this room In any way. I couldn't
help thinking how well we minded him
when we dug our way out through
the wall. '\Ve were not long in prison
1:efore we commenced to think about
getting out. One day we were talking of
it, and Gilb.
rt Morden asked who would
try to ioosen the stones. I will, I said, and
with a littl
nard work managed to loosen iIo
ston'3 six inch
s square. We put it back in
its place and toìd the bailiff that we wanted
lime to sweeten the air of the cell. He
brought in the lime,anJ. we made the morta!'
that plastered up the crack so that he
('ol1ldn't 8ee it. Then we heard that Lord
Durham was coming through, and we drè!w
up & pedtion askiu2 him to set u:! free. A

few days before the 29th of July ha wa
k8d
through our cell and told U8 that
he bad forwarded our petition. That didn't
sati
fy us much, and when we hcard that we
were going to ba shipp2d to Van Dieman's
laud pretty soon we thought we were not
likely to get much good out of his Lord!hip's
forwarding our petition. We m
t that Sun-
day morning aDd decided to bolt. Some of
us worked on a.ll day trying to make the
hole in the wa.ll bigger. I was in that
crowd, and the others tore her Maj
sty'oJ
bcddin
iuto strips for rope ladders, At .
midnight we were all ready, E1.ch ma.n bad
a number and waited his turn to cra.wi
throu
h the hole in the wall. John G,Pa.rker
wa.s the first to go. Then one after another
we mad.:: our way to the yard. It was as
bright a.s noonday outside. P,nker looked
up at the sky and whisp
red-I wonder is it
going to rain. Not a drop, I answered and
Just at that moment a burst of thunder
started us. Five minutes f!Ír,er it was as
dark as pitch a',d the rain w
coming down
in sheets. Hut for that we would never
have pas<5e:l the sentry who was on the wall.
O1,i John Mont
omery slipped into the pit
in front of the cannons. P",rker who waR
with him kept ri"ht in but John
Anderson, Mike and I lifted him
out. He couldn't wa'k, but was just able

limp along. John wa.s a heavy weight, and
we had an awful time in helpmg him to
scramble over the wall. But at last we
landed him on the other side and steered
our wa.y along: to the W0008. Then we
waited ior sunrisE'. Whpn it was dayli
ht
the provisions we br()ught with UB from the
fort were divided. After b.-eakfast we began
to gt:t ready to make our tracks. each man
for himself. It was hard work tor the
poor rebels who had been together tor so
many weeks to say good-bye. Ju:!t as we
were going one of the men spoke up for hav-
ing a short prayer m 'eting, a.nd down in the
wet grass we all knelt while Parker, Wat-
son and Brophy prayed .h3.t the Lord would
lead ns safe across the St. Lawrence. Then
1\'8 said good-bye to each otÌ1er and arranged
to meet at Watertown. Poor John Mont-
gomery cried like a child 9S we I&ìd good-
bye to him. "It's all ril'ht boys." sald he,
" you'll get safe off, but I, with this lame
Ie!!, I'll never see the States; they'll catch
me sure." But John wes one of the first
to get &cro::s. Every ma.n bu t Parker and
Watson dodg.d the Tories. \Ve then wan-
dered through the woods, travelling in the
darkness and sleeping in the light for ei
ht
dav>>, \Ve bad nothing to eat but a eouple
hf wpounds of salt por k and the bean> and
potatoes we could steal from the farmers all
this time. 0 Ie da.rk ni2ht we struck out

/

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

233

from the woods nea.r Brockville and borrowed
a boat and rowed across the river. The peo-
ple there used us grandly when they found
tha.t we were rebels. They boarded us free
and drove us to Wa.tertown, were we met
aU the boys from Fort Hem y except Parker
a.nd WilBon who were captured. TOKether
we all went to L
wiston, where we had a

ood tim
. Mother and my wife crossed
over to see us, and it was then I first saw
my child, born while I was in prison. After
the folks left for home most of us went
westward. Mike and I chopped cord wood
for *hree years until two Kood Tories, old
Gen. Thorne and Joel Harrison,
took round a p
tition for the
Sheppard boys and we were p Lrdoned.
Thomas Anderson escaped from Toronto a
few days a.ft,r the fi
ht at Montgomery's
farm, and ma.de his way to Alabama, where
he lived for a couple of years, when he re-
turned.
Of Mr. Montgomery and the inn

. Scadding saYi! :-The great conspicu-
ous way-side inn usually called Mont,
<<ornery's was at tho:! time of its destruction
by the Government forces in 1837 in the
occupation of a iandlord named Lingfoot.
The bonse of .Montgomery, from whom the
inn took its name, he having been a former
occupant, was on a farm owned by
t.ïmself, beautifully si\uated on rising ground
to the lef., subsequently the property Rnd
place of abode of Mr. James Leslie. Mr.
:Mont
omery had once a hotel in York
named II The Bird in Hand," on Yonge
street, a little to the north of Elliott's. We
han this inn nam,d in an advertiøem nt
to be seen in thp Oanadian Freeman of
Avril 17, 1828, havil1
reference to the
F
lmers' Store Company. "A general
meQtin
of the Far....ers' Storehous
Com-
pany" !'ays the adverlÌßemf'nt "will be held
on the 22ud of March next at ten o'clock,
a. In. at J ohn Mont{
omery's tavern on
\' onge street-The Bird in Hand. The
farmers are hereby also informeà that the
storehouse Ìß proper!) repaired for the ac-
commodation of storage, and that every
possible attention shall be paid to those who
shan etore vroduce therein. John Goess-
mann, c'prk." The farmers' store was ..t the
foot of Nelson st. Mr. Gotssmann was well
known Deputy Provincial Surveyor, of Han-
overian ori
in. In an address published in
the WuJ:l
Regi.ter of .July 16, 1824, on the
()C\:aa:on of his retiring f,' om a contest fo:" a
!!Ieat in the House as representative for the
counties of York and Simcoe, Mr. Goess-
mann alluded :l.sfollows to his nationality:_
II I IDaY properly say," he observed, Ie That
1 was a born British subject before a
reat
number of von did ever draw breath anrl

haye certainly borne more o
pression3 dur-
ing the late French war than any child
of this country that never peeped
beyond the bounda.ry even of this
continent, wh
n only a. small twig of
that all crushing war øtruck. Our So\-ereign
has not always been powerful enfJug"1 to de-
fend all his dominions. We the Hanover-
ia.ns have been left the
reater part during
tha.t contest to our own fate; we have been
crushed to yie'd our priyileges to the 8ub-
jection of Bonaparte his greatest an tagonist. "
The follow;n2 accouD1iof the ba.ttle at Mont-

omery's farm i.s condensed from Mr, Chas.
Lindsey's Life and Times of William
Lyon Mackenzie - On the night of the
3rd of December Mr. Mackenzie who had
now been nifle days in the country orl!'anÏl-
ing the moyement of the rebellion, arriyed
a.t the house of Mr. Gibson, some three mi'es
from the city. He there learnt with diE may
that in his absence Dr. Rolph had changed
the da.y for makinK a descenli upon Toronto
from Thursday to Monday. Various
rea.øons have been aRsi
ned for this
change. There was a rumour that a War.
ra.nt was out for the a.rreat of Mr. Mac-
kenzie for high trea<;on, which wa.s true.
Regarding the change of day as a fatal error
Mackf'nzie despatched one or Gibson/ø ser-
yauts with a me!lsage to Lount who resided
near Holla.nd Landing some thirty-five
miles from Toronto, not to corne till the
Thursda.y Rt first agreed upon. But it was
too late. The messenger returned on Mon-
day atternoon with the rep
y of Lount that
the intended rbing was publicly known
all through löhe nonh, that the men had
been ordered to march and were 801 read V on
the road. The rude pike formed - the
weaponø of the majority; a few had riiles,
there were no mUEkets. Much annoyed
at th
unexpected change in th
pro
ramme
Mackenzie with the natural intrepidiiy of
his char<lcter resolved to make the best of
it. 'Vhen Lount arrived in the evening he
brought only about eighty or ninety men
e:xh lmted with a march of betwèen thirty
or Ïorty mill's through deep mud and d 8-
pirited by the news of the reverse in L"Iwer
Canada. Though Dr, Rolph had mo:!t Mac-
kensie tha.t morning at .Mr. Pierce's
hous3 on Y on
e street, a couple of miles
from Toronto they ha.d no intelli
ence
of the øtate of the town a.fter ten o'clock.
Rolvh ha.d returned, and. no messen
er came
to bring Mackenzie and hiil friends II.ny nêWd
of what waS going on in the city. R
gardjJl!{
it &8 all.importa.n' that communica.tion \\ Itn
the city should be cut off fiJr the purpose
of preventing any intelJi
ence being
!lient to the Government, Ma.ckenzie advised
the 'DlaciuQ' of a lWa
d U'DOll the road

234

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

aDd that the handful of jaded men who had I whether thf! attaek would be lik.ely to b.
arrived should summon all their powera of attended with SUCce88, spur their friendg
endurance and march on the city that nighto , iuto activity with a. vie" to a.n a.tt"ck the
No one seconded his proposal. Launt, next evening and bring Drs. Rolph and
Lloyd and Gibson protested a
aind what Morrison back. with them. Cpptain Ander-
th
y regarded &s a. r808À enteJprise. Thev l 80n,Sheppa.rd and Smith volunteered to join
dfemed it indispensa.bleto wait till the con- him. They started between eigbt and ni

dition of tbe city could be ascertained, or : o'clock, Before they had proceeded t..r
till they were reinforced to render the I they met Mr. John Powell with Mr. Archi-

azard of venture in which all bald Macdonald, mounied, acti'1g as a sort ot
concerned carried their lives in their I patrol. Mackenzie pulled up. and with a
hands, to reasonable limits. Thus double-ba.rreiled pistC'l in hie hand briefty

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WIll" '\' '{' / 7 i ,: , _i,. j,

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!

JOHN Al' DJtRSON.

JOHN MONTGOMERY.

the golden opportunity was lost. Delay I informed them of ihe l'Ìsing, and adding
was dE-feat. At this time the Jlumber of that as it was nrcessary to prevent intelli-
men under Launt, reinforced as they would gence of it rraching the Gonrnment they
ha.ve b,'en in the city, woul,J hd.ve been I must surrend
r themsdves prisoners, and
quiie sufficient to dfect the "ntendf'd revo- in that ('hs.racter go to .Monf1:{omery's hotel,
lut on, since the Governmt'nt wa.s literally. where thfY would be well trea.ted. Any
aslrep, and it was not embarra.ø
ed by a I arms they might have about their perl'ionll
lupert1nity of true ft iends. F dilin(! in this they must surrender. They replied th..t
prop'.>8a1 Mr. Mackenzie next; offered to they had none, and wh{-n he seemrd !'>Cfp-
make one of four who should
o to thf" city I tical 8.<; to thp. corrcctnes:s of the n p'y they
.nd
rt.in the state of matters there, repeated it. MllckeDzie then s&ic1: .. Well.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

235

gentlemen, as you are my tow-nsmell aDd
men of hOD<>ur, I !'honld be ashamed to ",how
that I question your word by ordering you
to be searched. " PlaciD
the two prisoners
in charge of Anderson and Sheppard he thpn
continued his C('IUlse with his remainin

comrade towards the city. Before they had

ot fa.r Powell, who had returned, rode past
them. 'While he was passlllg Ma.ckenzie
demanded to know what was the objed of
his return and to d him at his peril not to
proceed. Re
ardless of this warning the
Government messengers kept on_ Macken-
zie fired a.t him oyer his horse's head, but
mi!lsed his mark. POtVell now pull-
t:d up a.nd coming along
jde
MB.
keDz:e placed the muzz'e of a
pistol close to his antaj;{ollist's brea.st. A
flash in the pan sayed the life of the in-
surgent chief. Macdonald now also came
up on his return. He seemed much
fn2htened, and being: unable to give any
satisfactory explana.tion, was sent back a.
second time by Mackenzie. In the mean-
time Powell escaped. He dismounted, and
finding himself pursued, hid behind a log for
a while and then by a devious course
proceeèed to Toronto. He at once pro-
ceeded to Government Rouse, and
arou
ed from his I!lumbers the LiEutenant-
Governor, who had gone to bed with a sick
headache. His Exc
Jlency placed his family
on board a steamer in the bay-the winter
bein
unusually mild there was no lee to
impede navifation-in company with that of
Chief Justice Rcbinson, I"lady to lea.ve the
city if the rebels should capture it. Mac-
kerzi hIving sent his la,t remainin
com-
panion ba::k with Macdonald to Mont-
I'torn
ry's hotel, now found himsp;t alone.
A warrant had for some time been out
for his arrb8t on a charge of high
treason, and the Government, informld
of the preSf'nce of the men at
}1oLtgompry's was already astir, It would
have been madness for him to proceed cem-
panionless to the city into the very jaws of
the lion. He turned hÜ! horse's head and
8et out for Montgomery's. Before he had
proceeded far he tound lying upon the r' aà
the dead body of Andersr n, who had fallen
a vietim to PoweH's treachery. Life w
s ex-
tinct. Anderson and Sheppard as already
stated were E'scorting Powe I and Macdonald
as pr soners to the
uard 100m of the patriots
at MontgomerY'd hotel. Powell who
in bein
captured ha.d twice
protested that he was unarmed, slackened
the pace of his horse sufficiently to get be-
hind his victim, when he shot him with a
pistol throu!:h the back of the neck. Death
was imtantaneoull. Sheppard's horae stum-
ble<1 at the moment and Poweil was enabled

to escape. As there was now on;y one
uard
io two prisoners, he could not have hopeci
to prevent their escape. Macdonald followed
his a8sociate. On which side life had first been
taken it would be difficult 10 dt'termine, for
when Mackenzie
ot back to M, ntgomwry'.
hotel, he found that Co]. Moodie, i,nflamed
by liquor, had in tlying to force his wa.y
past the
uard at the hotel at whom h':'l
fired a pistol had beeD sho by a rifle. The
guards who reiu! ned the fire mis:=:ed their
aim, when one of the men who was stand-
ing on the step
in front of the hotel levell-
ed his rifle at Col. Moodie, of whom the
iight of the moon gave him a clear view,
and fired the fatal shot. His nam

I have recently learned from one
to whom he related the circum.
st-ance, was Ryan. He sometimes went
by the name 0: Wallace. After the retreat
of the rebels he fled northwa:d and tack
refuge in the woods on the shore of Lake
Huron, where, apart from any human being,
he dragged out a wretched existence during
the whole of the winter, gnawing roots and
herbs. In the epring, when he had been re-
duced to a fkelt'ton, he fell in with a ycssel
goinjjt to the States and thus ma.de good
his escape. He never returned to Can-
ada_ Launt's men were a good deal dis-
pirited by the death of Anderson. And
they had 110 particular rea.sons for being in

ood humour. Lingfoot, tJy whom Mont-

omeryJs hottl was kept, had no provi.ions
to offer them, and none could be procured
that night. 'fhe handful of countrymen,
exhausted by thdr long march, with no
man of military experience to excite the'r
confidence, had to Imp on bad whis-
key and recline upon the floor,
where many, from sheer fatie-ue, fell
sound asleep. The rest were still uneasy
as to the state of things in the city. Thc
bells had been St't a rinQ:ing, anù they were
uncertain as to the rumours about the ar-
rival of steamboats full or Orangemen a.nd
oth,r loyalists. They ha.d expected to
learn the exact state and condition of the
city from their friends there. Mackerzie,
with three companions, as we have seen,
had failed to reach the city when the wish-
. I-for information might have been ob-
tained. Other messengers were sent,
but none return d. They w
re
made prisoners. By midnight the
numbers were increased, and by morn-
mg .Mackenzie with his usual impetuosity of
disposition again praposfd to march au the
city,but he was again overruled. Ntxt day
the relative forces of the two parties was
such that the pJ.triots might if p!"operly
armed have obtained certa.il1col quest. They
had between seven and eight, hUldred men,

236

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

bu
many of them were unarmed. I armed insurgents. On Tuesday he sent.
The rest ha.d rifles, fowling piE:ces and pikes. fl'lg of truce to the reBel camp with a mea-
M.any of ,hose who were unarmed re- I sage askin
what it waa they wanted. There
turned almost as soon as they discovered is no reason to doubt that this was a strata-
there were no weapons for their use. Pro- gêm to
ain time. :fh. bearen of this
vhions, including
res_
and salt beef from I message were D:-. Rolp
and Mr.
a loyalist butcber wno 1ived up Y onge Robert Baldwin, with Hugh Carmicha.el
street, a.bout two miles above 1\lontgomery'sJ ; as flag bearer. Mackenzi. rep:ied :
wen obtained; for Ling-foot. tbe keep- I " Independence and a convention to arrange
er of the tavern, though a Tory, waa riot details." Lount says Dr, Rolph seeret:y
di:.,inclined
turn an bonest pennJ by 8'
rv' adviaed him to pay 110 a.ttention to tbe mes-

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EXECUTION OJ' LOUNT ANn MATTHEWS.

ing the rebels. On the Thùrsdav morning I sa
e, but to proceed. Loun' wa.s ad,.i ,ed
the àay of the retreat Mackenzie pa.id Sing- by Mackenzie to march his men into the
foot's bill fo!' victualling the whole of I city without loss of time and take up a posi-
tlle m 'n aod as he cou'd not make tion near Osgoode Hall, on Queen street.
chan
e he gave him two dollars too much I Mackenzie then rode westward to the large'r
remarking that it might Il.O towards the next body of insurgents, near Col. Baldwin's
bill. Sir Francis Bond-Head claims to have residence, and ordered an instant march
had three hundred supporters in the morn- on the city. When they reached tke
ing anå ñve hundred in the evening, but the I upper end of the College aven
e
statement ha.s been disputed. Hi!! fears a second fia
of truce arrived. 'I'he answer
may be judi
d by his holding parley with brouøht by Mr. Baldv.in and Dr. Ro'ph was

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

that the lieutenant-Governor refusf'd to
c(\mply with the demands of the insurgents.
The truce being at an end Dr. Rolph secret-
ly &d'ri&ed the insurgents to wait till six
e'clock and then enter the citv under the
COVf'r nf ni
ht. Reinforcementa to the
number of six hundred were (xp
cted in the
city and they were to be ready' to join the
forces from the countrv a.s soon all the
latter ar' ived, Accordfngly at a quarter to
six the whole of the insur
ent forces were
at the toll bar on Y on
street, about a mile
from the principal street of the city on
which the Government House, west of the
line of Yonge street wa.s situated. Macken-
zie harangued the men, attemp/;ing to in
pire
them with coura.e:e by representirg that
there would be no difficulty in taking the
city. The actual force claimed by Sir
Francis Bond. Head on Tuesday nilZht
was ab ut fiy-e hundred The patriot
forces were a halE armcd mob,
without discipline, headed by civil-
ians, and baving no confidence in
themselvt:s or their military leaders. Lount's
men, who were armed with rift a, were in
front, the pikemen caIT\,e next and in the
rear was a number of useless men, having no
other weapons than sticks and cudgels.
Captain Duggan, of the volunteer artillery,
another üfficer and the sheriff's horse fell
into the hands of the insurgents when they
were within about half a mile of the
city. At thii point they were fir, d
upon t,y an advanced guaui of Loyal-
ists concealed behind a fence, and whose
numbers, of which the insur({ents could
have no correct idea, have been variously
e-timated at from fifteen to thirty, and shots
Were exchanged. After firing once the
Ll)yali, ts, under Sheriff Jarvis, started back
a.t fu] speed towards the city. The front
rank of Lr unt's men, instead of stepping aside
after firing to let those behind fire, fell down
on their faces. Those in the rear fancying
that the front rank had been cut down by
the mu kets d the small force who had
taken a random shot at them, beinQ; without
arms, were panic stricken, and in a short
time nearly the whole force was on the re-
treat. :Many of the Llnydtown p'kemen
raised the cry : .. \'
t e shall all be killed,"
threw down thpir rude Wt'aDons and fbd
in great pr( c:pitation. Må.ckenzie, who
h&d been noar the front, and in more d'\ni!er
from the rift.es behind than the mUf3ketry of
the Loyalists, stepped to th
side of the road
and orde: ed the men to ce3.se firing,
belDg of opinion that one of the IDSUf'gents
who had been !-hot, feU from a rifle bullet
of an unsk:l1ful c,)mrade. The impetuous
and di,;orderly flight had in a short time
taken all but about a score abave the toll.

23;

gate. Hoping t.o rally the men, Mackel1sie
&ent Alves back to explain to them that the
danger was imaginary and puttin
spurs to
his horse he followed at a brisk
pa
immediately after for the sa.me
purpose. When they came to a halt
he implored them to return. He eoaxed
and threatened. He would go in front
with any dl'zen who would. a.ccompany him.
Relyin
upon the succour they would meet
in the city, he off.:red to go on if only forty
men would go with h:m, Two or three
volunteers presented themselves, bu
the
J;renera.l aWlwer wa.s that they would go in
daylight, they would not advance in thedark
:fhe majority lost no time in retuming to their
homes. And althou
h some two hundt'ed
additIOnal forces arri\'ed during the night
the w.J1Ole number on the '" ednesday had
dwindled down to about five hur.dred and
::ifty. Dr. Horne's house, close to Y onge
street was the rend, zvous of spies. His
house was therefore burnt by the rebe
8 &8
those of Mon tgomery and Gibson ..ere
subsequently by the Loyalists. Wednes-
day opened gloomily upon the prospecta oi
the insure:ents. Dr. Rolph ldt for the
Statel!!. Dr. Morrison remained in his
house, Ma.ckenzie, Lount, Alves and several
others set off on hors
back tu
collect arms to intercfpt the western
mail. Themail stage comi:c.J!' into Duuda&
street the princip!l.l we:!tern entra.nce into
Toron 0, was ca.ptured, and ",jth the
driver, ma.ils and several principals w.....
'tlaken to the rebel camp. Among
the letters were wme addressed by
the President of the Executive Cov.ncil

p3rsons in the coun:ry and containiJllQ' infor-
mation tha.t the Gov
rnment expected &oon
to be able to make an attack at Montgom-
ery'>'. Mackenzie not knowing tha
Dr.
Rolph had fled, wrote
him to send
the pò.triots timely notice of the intendeà
attack, but of course he got no answGlr. The
messen
er neVf'r returned. A man on horse-
back told them that the Government intended
to make the attack on:Thur
day a.nd the in-
formation proved correct. Thursday found
division ill the pa.triot camp. Gilson ob.
jected to Mackenzie's plans though
th. y were sanctioned by C)lone

Van Eamond whc true to ori '
ginal 0 understanding had just
arrived. Gibson's objections led to a coun-
cil-of-war. This cau<,ed grea.t d
lay. I'he
p1an sUli!:gested bV Van E
mond and e.dopl
ed by Mackenzie, wa.s to try to prevent a

attack on Montgomery's till ni,.:(ht, in the
hope that by tha
time large reinforce-
nH'nt
might arriv('. And there waa soma
reason in thit! as this was the day orilZinal.
ly fixed for the general rising, and a noti.

238

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

fication of the a.ltera.tion had been sent on'y
to Lount's division. Our men had a force
of 5.ve hundred and fifty ready to bring
down, and n:any others who wer.'
on the way. but when they found
it was all up with the pa.triot
.
to save themseivcs they pretended they had
come down to asøit'lt the Governmenii to
quell the imuITection. Under these cir-
cumstances the only hope of the patriots
.seemed to lie in preventing an attack ,ill
ni
ht. In order to accomplish thiR the city
must be ala.rmed. Sixty men-forty of ih m
armed with rifle,3-were selected to go to
the Don bridge. which formed the eastern
connection with the city. and
destroy it. By setting the brid
e
a.nd the a.djoining house on fire
it was thought the Loyalist forCij might be
drawn off in that direction and their pla.n
of attack broken up, A party was sent
eastward as agreed upon. The bridge anj
house were firpd and partly burnt and the
mails intercepted. But the dday
of two hours occasioned by the coun-
dl ot war proved tatal. I'hree stt'am-
E;rs had in the meantime been bringing
reinforcements to the alarmed Governor.
Having at length determined on an atta::k.
Sir Francis Bond-Head aS3emb!ed the over-
whelming fOl'ces at his command under the
direction of Col. Fitzgibbon, A Ijutant Gen-
eral of the Militia. :rhe ma.in body was
headed by Col. McNab, the right wing
being cvmmanded by Col. S. Jarvis, the
left by Col. Willia.m Chisholm a8sisted by
Mr. Ju;;tice McL'an. Major Carfrae of the
militia artillel y had charge of two gaDS.
The ord
r to march was given about twelve
o'clock and at one the Loyalist and the
patriot forces were in sight of one
another. \Yhcn the sentinels at Montgom-
ery's announced that the L3yalists were
within sight with music and artit:ery the
patriots were stiil discussina their pla.ns,
Prèparations were at once ma.de to give
them batt:e, Mae:kenz"e at first doubting
the intplligence ran forward till he became
convinced by a full view of th
enemy. \Vhen
he returned he asked th
sma.ll band of pa-
triots whether they were ready to encounter
a force greatly supl!rig,r in numbers to them-
selves, well armed and provided with artil-
lery. They replied in the affirm
tive. &lid
hf' ordered th . men into a piece of thin
woods on the west side of the road, when
they found a slight protection from the fire
of the enemy they had to encounter. A
portion of the men took a. position in an
open field on the east side of the wood.
The men in the western copae ha.d t;o sus-
tain nearly the whole fire of
the artiUery from Toronto and nner

said Mr, Mackenzie, "did men fight more
c
eou91y. In tbe fa
e of a. heavy fire
01. grape and cé\IlÏ.Mer, with broa.d-sirte tol-
li:>wing broadside of musketry in 8teady and
rapid succ 'ssion, thpy stood their ground
firmly a.nd killed alld wounded a la.rge num-
ber of the enemy, but were a.t length com-
pelled to retreat." Some a:'e of tbe opinÏi:>n
tha.t the fightin,!, lasted an hour. bu
there
a.re difterent op:niolls on this point. Mac.
kenzie rema. ned on the
c ne of
action tiU the last moment and
till the mr,unted Loya1isÍ6 were juat
closing upon him. .. &> unwilling waa
Mackenzie to lea.ve the ticld of battle." &ays
an eye-witne38, "and ao hot the cha.øe a.ftcr
him that he distan
ed the enemy's
horsemen only by 30 or 40 yards by hi.
superior knowledge of the country and
reached Cot Lount and our friends on the
retreat jllst in time to save his neek, In
the presence of the militi9. the Lieutenant
Governor determined to burll
Montgolßery's hotel and Gibson'8 dwel-
ling-houlile. Sir Francis Bond - Head
has given the following a.ccount of this
l:urning-" Volume after volum
of deep
black smoke rolling and rising from the
windows of Mont
omery's tavern now at-
tra.cted my attention. This p'reat a.nd 10fLy
building. entirely constructed of lumber and
p
anks, wa.s soon a mass of flames whose long
red tongues øomctimes òa.rted horizontally
as if revengefully to consume thooe who hr.d
created them and then fli\red h
h above tbe
roof. As we sat on our horses the heat
W8.'3 intense. Montgomery was not " par

to the conspiracy for eff ctin!!' a. revolution.
He had no f ,reknowledge of the outbre&k.
Only a few days before he had vacated his
tavern, :which had been rented to Mr,
Lingfoot. with whom he was bo
rding for
ã. month. till he could move to a private
house in the neighLourhood. Much
!luess was laid on the fact
at the tria.l tha.t Montgomery
ha.d at the r{ quept of the butcher'. boy put
down on a piece of paper a memorandum of
the quantity of meat furnished to U)ngfoot.
the boy being apprehensive that the chalk
fizur _8 'Y'Quld rub out. 13ut this is all he
had to do with the rebellion in Cana.da...

r" John Montgomery haa written a very

lmllar account to that of Mr. Shepard, given
III the fl)rmer part of this article.

oTE:-In r
ference to the charge contain-
ed m this artIcle of corrupt practices at the
1837
lectio"n it.is o.nly fair to saY'that upon
legalmTestIga.tlOn It wa.s found inca
able of
proof. Colonel E. \V. Thomson wall the
lIucces8Íul candidate.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER LXXII.
"TH
TELEGRAM" CORNER.

'lbe BulldinKIL Ihat haTe Stood al and
:!IIearlhe (;orne1'ofIUn:;t and Bay 8treet'i,
The land on which The Telegram build-
ing stands was pa.tented to William Smith
on 20th May, 180
, and h,. him sold OJ1 f}Rt 1 ,
June, 18û8, to Quetton St. George, a.nd DY
him sold on the 19
h November, 1813, to
John D
nDis. Mr. Dennis ma.de a will, bu

owin,; to the property not bt'ing sufficiently
described. it was necessary to have a p
ti
tioned deed geiween the heirs of John
Dennis, whereby the property on tÞe south-
west corner of King a.nd Bay streets, became
the property of Rebecca RichJ.:'d-
lion, the wife of the late Bishop
Richardson, Imd daughter of the
late John Dennis. Through her it be-
came the p,operty of the late Mrg. M. 1.
Roaf, and is now owned by William Roaf.
Mr. D
nnis, in his life-tirr.e, conveyed 40 ft.
on the west side of Bay Etreet, commencing
57 ft, 9 inches south of King street, to one
McPhail, who erected a chapel on said pro-
perty, which stood there for many years.
The property Rubsequently passO'd into the
handi of Mr. Dickson, who erected the pre-
tent building.
The National Club building came from
Mr. Dennis to Martha. Bryant, who sold it
to the late Bishop Richardson, and this also
became the property of the late Mrs. Roa.f.
The p:-operty on tM south side of King
street west, as far as Stovd's building,
belon
to Messrs. '\Yilliam and James R.
Roaf. The land on which Stovel's building
stands belongs to Dc. Richardson, and the
land on which "he block of buildings to the
west of Stovel's building stands, belongs
to Thomas Johnston, whose mother was a
daughter of the late John Dennis.
Thf: property from the south-west
ornel'
of King and B IY street to the Bouth line of
the National Club is owned bV Wm. Roaf.
Old Colonel Dennis, the father of that
well-known fami!y, told Mr. Thomas
Walmsley a short time before his death that
he remembered sixty years ago th
little one-
sto:'ey frame or roughcast dwelling, which
stood on the site now occupied by The Tele-
gram, and that from the corner of Bay and
King down to Market street (Wellington),and
west along King street to the R'Issin House,
was one lar
e garden of fruit trees. Indeed,
weBt of Stovd's buildinjZ on King street to
York stre
t, th
trees in 1818 were so thick
that it was with grea[; difficulty that
pa.ths were cut through the woods. Of the
If\tle rough-cast dwelliDp' we have no en-
gravin"" but we have an excellent drawing

39

of French & Wiman's chair fa
tory, a two-
storey frame bui
ding, which stood Oil the
corner, and was built about 1825, and reo
mained there until about 1840.
A littile west of this was a I:irge fNme
bui!ding, which for years was occupied by
Jacques & Hay as a workshop in connection
with their cabinet bu;dness. About 1840
the fram
chair factory was torn down and
a respectable two-storey brick buildin't was
put up and occupied by Rob
rt Davis & Co.,
the grocers. They occupied the entire ground
floor as a shop and wine cellar, thE' upper
pa.rt of the building being occupied by the
family. After Mr. Da.vis moved his privaie
residp.nce up town thð upper rooms were
rented to various parties. The late Georp:e
Ridout, the barrister, occupied the upper
floor as law offices for a considerable period.
In 1880 the building was torn down and
The Telegram building erected.
Souih of The Telegram office, which is 57
feet in depth, stood fo: years the Primitive
Methodist chap
l, which was erected in
1832, for the congre
s.tion of that sect then
gathered in Toronto. It was a substantial
and respectable buildin
The build-
ing was of red brick, with
SIX or seven steps leadin
up
to the entrance, on both sides of which were
long windows, so constructed in order to
give light, not only to the ground floor of
",he church, but also to light the stairs,
which led on the right and ieft up to the
galleries. The building was about seventy
or eighty feet deep, and would hold com-
fortably about six hundred people. In the
earlier ye:lrs the building had an ordin"iory
square roof, but later on a pediment was
placed in front, which added to the appe8r.
ance of the building. At the same time the
red brick was moderlliz
d by the entire
front bein't stuccoed and paint
d. Early in
the vear 1829, Mr. William LawMon, a
Primitive Methodist local preacher, settled
in the old town of York, and preached with
2'reat re
ula.rity in the market square. He
then formed a society, and wrote to the
Primitive Methodist Conference in Eng-
land for a missionary. One was sent out
who arrived in 1830, and took the society
thu8 formed into the connection of the said
conferfnce. There were connected with this
station in 1833 five travelling p:'eachers,
fourteen local preachel1l, two hundred and
fifty member
, anà forty-two dhtinct con-

regation8. The stationed prea.chers in
York were the R
v. J. Partington, Rev.
Wm. Lyie, Rev. J. Arthur, and Rev. T.
Lowden. The Rev. Mr. Lvle and the Rev.
Mr. Summersides were the prea.chers at-
tached to this church. The church W8.S .
popular meetin
place in the early days. and

240

LA.1'tDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

241

was known amon
the young p"ople as the
.. match factory," from the tact that a ,!reat
many youn
men and women who attended
the church afterwards eatered into the holy
bonds In 1850 the church was torn down.
Tht} Pr,mitive Methodists went up to
AJice street church, now a carrh2e factory,
allrl the Luilding now occupieà as a saloon
was put up by the well.kuown California
Dickson, a gentlem:m of unlimited wealth,
whu owned large Vac:s of land in this coun-
try and ma.ny \-alua-ble prop!rties ill To-
ronto. He erected the building for the Ia.te
Henry Beverley, by whom it WaS occupied
as a restaurant and club house. Beverley
had former",y b3en over at the Athenæum,
on King street, in what was formerly
Lamb's hotel, or Turton's buildings. He
con tinued on Bay street for some years.
During the latter part of his lease he i.tro.
duced the concert busines8 as & feature for
;m evening's entertainment, and the late T.
D. Corrie and Gorge Aitken, both popular
siJlgel's, drew crowded houses for months.
L. M. BJ.yli!:!s, who afterwards married Miss
Mary Gladst ne, the actress, and went to
Australia, mana2'ed this concprt hall for (I, few
years. From 1864 until 1866 it was vaca.nt.
In 1867 Robertson & Cook, the publishers
of the old Daily Telegraph, rented it as a
job printin
office, a.nd for the publication
of the Daily Telegraph newspaper. It was
a busy spot in those times. The composing
room h:ld an avera
e of thirty men work-
ing in it. The job printiu
department had
from for ty to fifty m
n and boys, and the
press rooms and countinp; offices had a
goodly number. In aU there were about
one hundred and fift,. men and boys em-
p
oyed about the builriing. 'rhe job bu ,i-
ness wa6 mo
t succes.ful, and it was not an
uncommon thing for the ten Gordon presses
in the job room to be runnia
night and
day for months. AU thE' leading theatrical
work for the travellin
companies through-
out the Dominion wat' executed in this job
room. In 18ï2, through the trea.chery of
po
iticians, and a determination on the part
of thp proprietor to flee himself from the
sh'l.cklell which bind all party newspapers
and issue n. paper in the intt'rests of the peo
pie the Daily Telegraph was forced out of
existence, and its subscription lists were
!!Old to the first Mail compa.ny, whieh in
a few years swallowed up, '),s all such en-
terprises do, the spare cash the trustma-
partizans could get to!!'ether. The building
W.1S then vacant for a short tim9, when it
was purchased by William Roaf, at the
auction ..Ie (!f Dickson's estate, and it was
then ftnft'd as II. saloon, bilJiard and bowl-
ing al.,. :fhe basement of the building
\taa for the p:U!t four years been (O,mpied a:;,
16

the circulation room of The Et.ening T
.
gram, and is connected with the publishlD

howse on King street. The upper stort'Y is,
under the old lease, stfil rented as a salCloo,
and will continus so for another year, when
the property will be remodelied, and rented
for a more respJctable pu:pose. South
of th
saloon in 1833 up to 1872,
stood a couple of white frame
houses. III 1833, and for many years later,
they were well known to the boys of Toron-
to, for here it was tha
John Boyd had his
commercial aca.demy. THe doorway to the
north of the buildin
was the entrance \0
the sch,')ol, and the doorway at the
outh
th
entrance to Mr. B'.Jyd's priv&te houc;;e.
Hundreds of the boys of To:'onto rf'ceiyed
their tuition at the hands of It-h. Boyd, He
was an excel!611ttell.cher,one who commended
not only the respect of the peoplt'! at large,
but of the pupils, who were so carefully
looked after by him io their youn
er days.
10 the British Oolonist IiIf the 29th Decem-
ber, 1841, appeared the fol10wing advertise-
ment in regard to Boyd's school :-
" ï'he annual ex
mination of this flourish-
ing seminary took place on the 26th inst.,
in the presence of many respectable inha.bi-
tants of this city. The Lord Biihop of
Toronto, assisted by Rev. W. T. Leach,
and RoLt. Baldwin, E
q , had the kindness
to examine the different cÌasses. * * ·
The school ntlmbers n9arlyone hundred and
thirty pupils, boys and girls, the children
of substantial tradesmen and residents of
Toronto. · · * .Mr. Boyd was comp
i-
mented by the Bishop on his gre:tt merit a.
a teacher, and on the superior skill and un-
wearied diligence which he manifested in
conducting so large a school. II
South of Boyd's building was a large square
rûugh-cast house, wi,h &ix Or seven steps
leading up to the platform, and old bshion-
ed front door, with skylight
, and circular
window. Th:s was the hou.e of the Rev. Jaø.
Richa.rdsoll, for many years editor of
the Christian Guardian, a:ld father of Dr.
J ames Ricn
rdsan,
ul'geon and physician of
St. Joseph street, and brother of the late
Mrs. John Roaf. and also of Mrs. Brett,
who now resides on Bloor street. From
this south there was nothin
for years but a
garden, extending to "T el1ington street. A
few ye<\rs later, about 1840, the row of
Luildings on both sides of Hay street were
erected. In those days Bay street was a
fashionable street. Rev, Dr. Ba.rc ay of St.
Andre" 's Church, lived ther.e, the lø.teJames
F. Smith, of Smith & M('Don.ld,the jil;rocers,
lived in this row, th
Mi<lIt's Skil'ving had
a. povular school in what is now va.rt of
a city shirt factory. The late Mr. Henry
Joseph lived next door. In MilB SkirvilUl'ø

242

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

-!>I
(f'"
þ(J

l4
Þc

"'

NDM.ARKS OF TORONTO.

",hool many of the residents of Toronto,
both boys a.nd girls, received their e:arly
training. The late E. F. Whittemore occupi-
ed one of the brick row, and at the corner of
Welline-ton st , and in the building now occu-
pied by a commi
sion merchant, the late Dr,
Primrose lived for some years. Across
; rom this house, where Brock & Co. 's stand,
the late John Salt, the hatter, resided,
while his shop W&S in Victoria Row, King
street east, where Lawson's is now located.
On the opposite aide of the road, in the
building nOW ulled as a type agency, the late
J&mts Michie lived for years. Next door
north Pa.trick Freeland's family lives to-
day, Freeland's BoalJ was at one time as
well known in Canada ILl Day & Martin's
blacking is known in the old country. The
next house north was the residence for years
of Mr. Russell Inglis. Mr. Inglis, an Ed.
inbur'th boy, in his earlier years W&S
a clerk in a large wine shop in
that city, and frequently waited on Sir
\Valter Scott when he came in to order his
supply of wines and liquors, North of Mrs.
Ine-lis' Mrs. E;iza.beth Dunlop res:ded, and
north again Capt. W. F. McMaster. The
building at the corner, now occupied by Mr.
Charles Wa.lker as a hotel, was at different
times in the early days the residence of :Mr.
D. O. French and Mr. Kahn, both dentists.
and also of the late Judge Connor, and
was afterwards occupied by the late Re,'.
Mr. Stimson, wh() resided there while he
was engaged in the publica.tion of a church
periodical. Some time before hïs death he
sold out his interest in the property, a.nd this
wit1;l, th
p'roper
y in the re
r. wa.s purch8o
ed
by Mr. J. ROils Robertson, the presen

owner, who also is publisher and proprietor
of The Evening '1 elegram.

CHAPTER LXXIII.
STEAMER FRONTENAC.

The Plf)neer 'Vesld In StealD NaTlga&lon on
Lake Ontario, Plying Between Klnglton
and Niagara. S&oppln: a& Work.
Steam navigation on Lake Ontario began
saon after the close of the war wi
h the
United IState!ol. The fi!'st steamer on the
lake was launched a.t. Ernettstown on the
Bay of Quinte, in 1816. Curious1y enough
she was named the Frontenac, after the
Count De Frontenac, one of the Governor-
Generals of New France,
the seventeenth
century, after whom 11.180 was named Fort
Frontenac, (Kingston), one of the earliest
tr ading posts and military stations on the la.ke.

243

Previous to this all the trade and
travel on the lakes had been done
by sailing craft. The Frontenac, a.
the illustratìon shows, was a side
wbeel steamf!r, schooner rigged, of
five hundred tons burden. The length of
her deck was one hunàred and seventy feet.
and the brea
tb thirtv-two feet. BIle cóït
æI5,OOO. Her cominanàer W:J.S Captain
J ames McKenzie, & retired officer of the
R()yai Navy. She be
an her trIpS the year
after she wa.s launched. The next year,
1818, the Provincial Lell;islature passed a
law to the effect that the usual space oc-
cupied by the engine and machinery in a
stea.m ve
sel with the requisite stow&ge of
wood-that being the material then
used instead of coal-!'hould occupy
one third of the vt:ssel and
that such veEsels should only pay light-
house or tonnag-e dutil s on two,thirds of
their measurements. At first Captain Mc-
Kenzip did not have over much confidence in
his vessel, for early ad verti!i'emE'n ts were
thus qualified: "Steamboat Frontenac will
sail from Kingston Íor Niagara, calling at
York on the 1st and 15, h days of e&ch
month with as much punc' uality aa the
na.ture of the lake naTigation will admit of."
He soon acquired confidence, however,
in himself and his boa.t, &nd 1IoD-
nounced his dates with greater preci.!ion.
Travel1in
in thes
days was expensiTe,
compared with what it is now, as the adver-
tisement of the Frontenac, which a.ppeared
conspicuously in successive numbers of the
Kingston Chronicle, occupying the width of
two columns. with a cut of the steamer
at the top, will show. This advertise-
mpnt in the Chronicle, April 30,
1819, reads :-" The steamboa.t Frontenac,
Jamel> McKenzie, mElter, will in future
leave the different ports on the following
days, Kingston for York, 0.1 the 1st, llth
and 21st days of each month. York for
Queenston, 3rd, 13th and 23rd days of each
month. Niagara for Kingston 5th, 15th
and 25th days of each month. Rates of
passages from Kingston to York and Nia-
gara æ3. From York to Niagara æl.
Children under three years of age half prh,:e,
abon three and under ten, two-thirds. A
book will be kept for entering the names
of passenger!! and the berths which they
may choose a.t which time the pa.ssage
money must be paid. Pllouen
ers are al-
lowed sixty pounds weight of baggage.
Surplus baggage to be, paid for at
the usu&l rate. Gentlemen I:J servants can-
not ea.t or sleep in the cabin. Dcck
pa.BengerS will pay fifteen shillÏJ1
8,
and - may either bring their
own proviaions or be fur-

2<< LANDM:ARKS10F 70RONTO

1: 0
0/1 .;;.
;j :ë
oJ t-
l Z
uJQ
GC '11
-.I

aI <
'l ..J

i..
0..0

LAN D
lAl{KS OF TORONTO.

nished by the steward. For each dog
brought on board five shillin'ts. All app i-
cation. for pabsage to b
made to Captain
McKel zip, r,n board. Freight will be
transported to and from the Ilbove places at
the rate of four shil ines per b_lrrel bulk and
flour at the customary rate, delivered to the
rlifferent consignees_ A list of their names
will be put in a conspicu0uS p'ace
on board, which must be deemed
a sufficient notice, and the goods taken from
the steamboat will be considered at the
risk of the owners. For fach small parcel
2., 6d, which must be paid on delhrery.
Kingston, April 28, 1819." The FlOntenac
wa!! subsequently -büiõt ãt or near .Ñ[a
ara
about 1825. What was leh of her hull was
broken up, and the remnants of her ma.-
ohinery sold as old iron, A full history of
,he Fronttmac &od her career is 'liven in
another portion of the Landmarks. No
doubt many d the pioneer inhabitants of
Toronto will fe
l a very vivid imerest in
this 8ubject. The work done by the earl v
mariners in preparing the way for the pre-
.ent lake traffic was most valuable to Ca.
nada. at large,

CHAPTER LXXIV.
COOPER'S WHARF.

One or the .'Irs. LandinI!: Place, In Toronto
I.arbour-Hlstoryor a SUe '"'Yell Known
10 }Iau,.
o1Y LlYluK.
Bartlett, :n his "Sketcht:s of Canadian
Scenery,"
Ï't'es a very a.ccurate drawing 0:
Cooper's Wharf, which was situated at the
foot of Church street, and in later years be.
came known as M litland's Wharf, and at
present i. known as SylY'ester's. 'Villiam
Cooper, the owner, came to this country in
the la.tter part of the last century. There
were two 01. three brothers, \ViIIiam settled
in Toronto about 179.3 and engaged in
the whartage businesa. probably about 1&08.
The wharf ran ou t from the beach, for at
that ,time,of course, there was no Esplanaåe.
The;wharf.waslon
and impùrtantlookiQIZ and
wa.s the favourite,landin\!' "lace tor schooneril
and the first steamers that ran on the lake
in 1816,dischar
ed their cargoes at Coop-r'lS.
The wharf had a large storehou
e, with a.
co...ered way in the centre, and b
tween the
north end of this dock and the store, was a
.hip building yard of, for those
days, no m. an dimensions. On
on
occasion a launch took place on
Sunday. An attempt to get c;he ...es>:el off
on the preceding day had failed. Delay
wou
d have been dangerous to the ponderous

2fð

m&ss, and according y the launch had to be
effected on the clabbath. Mr. Cooper "'\WI
a. vrominent I esident cf the town. Hi.
first residence Wd.S in a. frame houlJa tha.t
ðtood adjoining a.nd directly west of the
Ollt30riO House. or, as it was
afterwards known, .. The \Vellington
Hotel." The site is now occupied by the
B:.mk of Toronto and adjoining buildin
s.
The Ontario House, which is shown in the
il1ustration. was a three 8tùrey structure,
built in a sty:e common then at the Falla of
Nia
a:'a and in the United Statts. A row
of lofty pillars, we1l grown pieces-in fact
stripped and smoothly p
aned-reacheù
from the
round to the ea.ves and supported
two tiel's of ga1leries which, running be-
hind the columns, didllOt interrupt their ver.
ticdl lines. In 1803 the Angiican COI1gre-

atioll used to assembie for wOlship pri-
or to the erection of St. James' church, in
the pa.rli:oment building, at the east end of
Ihe city, and before the appointment of the
Re.... .Mr. Stuart, or in his absenoe, :Mr.
Cooper used to read the sel vice. Mr. Cooper
was a pew-holder in St. James. from its com-
mencement ti1l 1818. He resided in later
years on Simcoe street (now WiIlhm). One
ot his sons was a pupil of Upper \Ja.nada. Col-
lege, and at iihe CoIIege and UniY'ersity di..
tin
uished himself in many branch(l.
This loOn is now a prominenc; divine in con-
nection with the Au
ï
an Church. In
the Gazette of Februa.ry 20th, 1802, we find
Mr. Cooper down as a sub8
riber to the
opening up of Y ong,e street, and in 80'1
matters of public intere3t he seems to have
taken a prominent part. He was a pr, ro-
inent Mason in 1800, and is the first Mason
that we have any recard of be:ng in:tiated
in
his city. In the ,Minutes of R Lwdon
Lodge. No 498, on the English Re1i(ister, at
the'meeting on 27th Mciy, 1800, we find that
" The petition of Mr. William Coop
r was
received and accepted." that at tne meet-
ing on the 10th June, "Brother Wil-
liam Cooper was passed to the degree of a
Fellow Craft," and on June 27ih "Brother
WiIIiam Cooper was raised to the sublime
degree of a Master Maso:l." Old Lodg
re-
cord. show that many a friendly chat abr;ut
craft matters Was held m the little office on
Cooper's wharf. About 1845, John Mait-
land leased the wharf and improved it.
The old horse boat with its four hor.es
used as a power to turn the paddles,
ran from Mait'and's to the I,land every
hour. The fare was seven pence half-penny.
including retur11. It was a great prh-il øe
for the boys to drive the horses. Pri...at,
a Frenchman, had a large hotel on the
Ishnd, locatf:d where the wattlr nOw rulU
ti1fou'th the eastern eutrance. The horse

246

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

247

boat wu w.n patronized. The centre Is-
land in these days was the place of
ttrac-
tion. Hanlan's
as only Ir queRied by
camping and shooting parties.

CHAPTER LXXV.
HART'S SCHOOL.

.A Prly.te Edueftllonal Esta1tUlhment for
Boy, on (;bur
h Street-Some Incident,
of 8cbool Boy Life tbat Uccu.rred There.
On the west side of Church street, nearly
midway between Queen and Richmond sts.,
stand:ô a small two storey double frame
house, Nos. 126,8 the lower floor of which is
now occupi
à by a newsdealer and
another shop. The whole build-
ing WII..II once occupied as a school and
residence by Mr. Hart, a smaH
ray haired
Irishman, who habitually wore f'ye-glasses
and r.. suit of iron eray tweed. The school
was started about 1843, and continued until
1848. The school room was on the ground
floor of the northern half of the buildin
.
The remainder of the houae was occupied by
Mr. Hart as a residence. Thirty or forty
pupils, all boy,:, attended the school, among
whom were \Villiam and B. Hart, the sons
of the master, E. W. Gardner,
John Dixon, P. Bethune, J. Dalrymple.
W. Mulholland, Raymond Baby, Dr.
John Kin
, William Liddell, 'Valter and
Henry Kidd, Tip and Gordon Helliwell,
Sam and Tom Allen. the latter now
a resident of Ottawa., \ViIliam Pearsou,
Secretary of t\l.e Gas Compllony, and James
. Tilt, Q. C. The school 100m was ar-
ranged in a peculiar fashion. The master
Bat behind a high desk on one Bide with his
back to the wall. Around the other three
sides were ranged one continuous
cow of bench"s with desks in front
of them. 011 these benches the boys sat,
eyery olle with his back to the
master and his eyes to the wall. By this
method of arranging his pupils he could
watoh every boy's movements unknown to
him, and frequently when two boys .vere
racing pens across the desk he would quiet-
ly dt scend from h:s perch, and stepping on
tip-toe acrOIiS the room, would suddenly
seize t'ach by the "houlders,
reat1y to their
consternation. Euglish branches and Latin
constituted the couròe of s'udy at the
Bchool. Mr. Hart was very attentive to hi;;
duties, very humourous, and althou
h yery
passionate I.I.t times, was rather a
favourite amon
the b')ys. He seemed to live
in constant dread of his wife, a tall, If'an,
angular and wiry-Iookmg woman. A switch
of nine tails was his weapon of punishment.
It was his habit to mention how many
blows-pan dies, they were caUed in the

school-room vernacular-the convicted boy
WA.S to receive. The customary nu;nber W&8
eight, four on each hand. John Dixon used
to give great amusement to the boys and
great vexation to the master by his argu-
ment,,-tive resistance to punishment by the
cat. After dodging and squirming to avold
the blows, he 'Would dispute the count until
the ma.ster became so confused and enra
ed
th3.t he wouid give him two or three extra
cuts with the stick end of the cat. bat John
invariably beat him on the count. With
all his supposed cleverness as a master the
smart boys would outwit him. One
aYe
him every day for three m
JDths the s..me
problems worked out by the Rule of
Three. School hours were from nine to
twelve and from oue to ihree except
on Saturdays, when the boys were given
a half holiday. ThE: plank sidewalk in front
of the building waE used for marbles, pe
-
tops and other school boy amusements.
The elder boys, near:yevery one 01 whom
owned a rooster, indulged in the more ad-
va.nced sport of cock fi....hting- in the adjoin-
ing field of Mr. Jarvis. The lane at the
south of the house was the battle-
field, and here nearly every day a p
i-
listic encounter took place. On 6everal
occssions J. Da.lrymple, after a truant's
trip of a week, was brought to the
school-room by his mother. tied hand and
foot and in a cart. These were red-letter
da.ys for the master, who would superintend
his dis
mbarkation with
rea.t glee, rollinø:
up his coa.t-8Ieeves, flC?
rishing his instru-
ment of torture and calling out in exultant
tones, "Bring him in, bring him in by the
nape of the neck till I giye him a t...'e of 'he
flail. "

CHAPTER LXXVI.
HAYES' BOARDING HOUSE.

.A Popu.lar and F",blonable Piau of E.&er-
talnment for tbe Earl)' t.eKlllatora .r
('pper (;anad,..
Among the pnnclpa.l places of entertain-
ment in early York was the boarding hoUR
of Mrs. Hayes, at the north-west corner of
King and Ontario streets. It was com-
mo!)1y known as Hayes' Boarding
House and was once the popular
and fashionable resort and ãwelling plaoe
of the members of the Le"i3lature
while sojourning here in pursuance of their
dutìe8. Mra. Hayes had been a .Mrs John-
son, and it wa.s by her fi1"st husband that
the buildin
at the corner of King a.nd On-
tario streets, was put up, and the boarding
house est'<!,blished somewhere about the time
of the war of 1812. The parliament build-
ings were then in that quarter of the town.

24.8

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

LA
D:MARKR OF TORONTO.

249

and the houõJe, by reason of its nearness
to the parliament house and the excel-

ence of its farc, quickly commended it
elf
to the favour (,f the early le
I
latorill
ot Upper Canada. The froutage on King
street wa.s forty or fiity feet. The bui ding
consi!ltod of two rather low stories, and aG-
t:I.'mnlOlla.tetl about twenty guests. There
was one door ill the <:entre of the hou
e
with two willdows on either l:Iide. After
the de; th of Mr. Johnson, his widow
married John Hayes, a bdcklaYf'r ard
plasterer. Thid WM some time previoui
to ì820, fur in that yea.r Mrs. RaYfs was
conducting the boarding hou&e while the
husba.nd workeJ at hìs trade.
lr. Rayes-
the name is also spelled in old papers Hay
and Hays-was a wdl.known man in his
day. He wa.s one of the
1.:bscrib{'rs to the
fUl
d collectld in 1822 for the et'cdion of
two bl idge;; over the Don. In 1815 his
name was amolle' the siJ!:ners of a comDï-
menta.ry a(!dress to Lieutenant-Governor
Frands Gore. Mrs. Hayes was a. stout,
i!ood-natured WOlm\l', a good cook (<nel
manaO'er and the embodiment of a
hOb pi fable landlady. Opposillj her house
was Jordan's hotel, where many legis'atol's
also stopped duriug the sesi!ion. Board at
these p:ac{'s wa.s at this time three and
four dollars a week. Mrs. HaYt/1! COIl-
dnctl,d the establishment with sUcc'ss
unt il about 1830. On the rt;moval
of the parliament buildine'8 farther west, the
le
islators naturally chose living quarters in
tha.t 5t:ction of thl' town, After the abandon-
ment of the buildini: by
1r. and Mt'F.
Hayes, th
property was bought by a man
named MitcheP, a tanner, who had a plac{'l
of business on Queen street where D1.I.vitos'
blewery now stands. He converted it into
shops a.nd at the rea.r d the lot he built a
dwelling for him!:ldf fronting on Ontario
dreet, \\here he died. Hayes' boardinO'.
house W:l.l of frame at first but
ubstoquentïy
it was r(,ugh-cast. It is btill standing looking
n ry much as it did seventy years a
o with
the exception that the wÍl.dows and dool'S
have been altered to mit busine.s I equire-
ments. Mr. William Helliwdl, fOI merly of
York, now of tIighland Creek, remembers
the building and its fn qlH'nters. He 81\YI5 :
At about ten o'c;ock in the mornine'
when the Legislature was in sessIOn, miuht
be seen issuing from the doors of Ha yes'
b06fdiug l.oulòe, John Wil!':on of Went-
worth, the Speak' r of the House of Com-
mons, I)r as it was then ca1led, House of
As
embly (clad in home spun sheep's gray
clothin
, for he made it a point of
duty iD those days to wear home
manufacture) followed by Uapta;n Ma-
thews of Lobo, Doctor Lafferty of Lincoln.

Hugh McCall, Abiolom Shad, Burwell
Allan, N. McNab, Phillip Vankoughnet,
Archy McLean Iond manv other members of
the then pM';iament, and at times would be
assembled at public .linne/s giyen by the
f:peaker, John Wilson, and provided by the
hO'3tes
, MI
. Hayes, all the gmndees and
Î ashionabh.. pt opl ot York, inc uding that
eccentric man, Colonel Talbot, of Talbot
street, clad in shet'pskin with the wooi side
out. I have often seen this gtntleman on
his visits to York, in tbe winter 'Ílne, driy-
illg L;\dy
arah Maitland out in his slei
hJ
dressed in
heepskÍlJ. Of this remarkable man
the late Charles Dent h&.s writton a. very
interesting biography. from which the fol-
lo.ving
ketch is largely takt;n :-
Thoma.s Til.lbot spraug from a family
long ee'.ebrateù in Engli
h and Continental
hisliory. Readus of Shakespeare are tamil-
iar with that seoul ge of France who was
dffied by Jean of AIC, a.nd who. with his
son John Talbot, fell bl anly fightiD( his
country's ba.t. ied on the fielu of Castillon.
R ade;s of .Maca.ullIY 3.re fami Í1w with
Richard Talbot, the notorioui sharper,
buHy, and pImp, known as "LYÍl.g Dick."
one of I he greatest scoundrels of the yea.rs
immediately succeeding the Restol atioIl,
who waa rai
ed bv Ja.mes the St cond to the
Earldom of .fyrc:'nnel. "LYll1g Dick" was
a. memb( r of the Irish branch of the Ta.lbot
family which "ett'ed in Ireland durlDg the
reign of Henry the Seconà, and became
pos
essed of the ancient baron:a.1 casU.. of
.Ma:ahide in the County of Dublin. The
Talbots of Ma.lahide tra.ce the:r descent
from the same stock a.'3 the Talbots who
have been E1\rlS of Shrewsbury .inee the
middle of the 151h centUlY. The father of
the Ioub.fect of thi.s sketch was Rchard '1'11.1-
bot of Malahid
_ Hi:! mother was Margaret,
Baroness Talbot, and he himself was born
at Malahide on the 17th July, 1'i71. He
spent soml years at the public free school
at Manch ster. He receiTed a. commission
in the army when only eleven years old. In
1786, when he was sixttcen, he was aide-de-
camp to his relative the M'lIquis of Buck-
in1;ham. His brother aidt- was Arthur
\Vdlesiey, the illustrious Duke of Welling-
ton, with whom he maintainer) a life-Ionsz
friendship. In 1790 young Talbot joined
the 24th Rf
imt nt, then statiened at Que-
bec, as I:euttnant. On the al rival of Litu.
tenant Govel nor Simcoe Lieutenant falbot
became hHI private secretal y and continned
as such until jnst before th'] Glivernor's re-
moval from this country. At tbis time
there was nothing of the misanthrope about
Lieutfnant I'..ILoL_ His con8titu;ion wa....
r oLust and his disposition che,.rfu'. He was
fas"idi, us about his personal :lDDeal'anCe and

250

LANDMARKS OF TO RONTO,

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251

was k.eenly alinto eyerything goip.Jit on about and mll.de and baked the brea.d-and of this
him. He was with Governor Simcoe on the last accomplishment he was Tery proud.
eXJ)edition which created York and on his In hi,; eightieth year Colonel Talbot left
other journeyin
s. On one of these the Canada and started for Europe, attendeð
p.uty encampE:d on the present site of Port by Gt oree McB
th, a va.bt whom he treated.
'Talbot and here for the first time he de- as a companion. Ou their return to C1\Oa-
clared his intention of settling in Ca.nada. da. McBeth married and Colonpl Talbot
In 1796 Ta.lbot became Lieutenant Colonel made his horn' with him in London, Ont..
of the Fifth Regiment of Foot, and waø on until his death February 6, 1853. By hir.
active service on the continent. On l.he will he left McBeth :t50,000. He was
conclusion of the Peace of Amiens, March huried in the church at TYl'connel on the
27, IS02, he sold his commission and pre- journey to which place from London his
pd.red to carry out his intention of settling body was left unprotected in the barD of &
in the wilds of Ca.na:la. Why no one wayside inn over night-a strange con-
knows. He once said, "Miss Johnston, trast to the death and burial of his friend,
the daughter of Sir I. Johnston, was the the Duke of Wellington, who had died
only girl I ever loved and she wouldn't three mrJDths before.
have me." Colonel Taìbot obbined a grant I
o
5,000 acres of land in the southenl p'lrt
of the Upper Canadian peninsula bordering I
on Lake Ede, including the
ite of what
afterwards became Port Talbot. He cross: I
ed the Atlantic, reached the spot he had
selected on his tour with Governor Simcoe A 8keteh or Toronto a. a CUlltom. Port
nine yea.rs before, and with an axe cut rrom u. Eøtablbhmenl In 18aI to the
down t ha first tree. The lw.nd was an un- Present Time.
broken forest. The nearest point to civil- In 1801 York was m:lde a custom
port,
iZltion to the eastward was Long Point, and on the 25:h of August of that year
sixty mi.1ts aWil.Y ; while to the wC5tward I Colonel \Villiam Allan, father of
the abori
ines were the lords of the sod. Senator Allan, was appointed the
He was accompanied by two or three stal- first collector of customs. In a 1ittJe one-
wArt settlers and wilih their assistance he storey frame building on the east side of
erecwd on a high cliff overhanging the lake Frederick street, a little south of King and
a range of low buildin
s of 10i
, shinged. b
tween the PO!!t office and his dwelling,
Thif> he ca1]ed Castle M1\lahide. For many Mr. Allan established the first
years CoI. Talbot ruled with imperial sway, custom house. At the foot of
He assembled the settlers at his house on Ft"ededck atreet was the Merchantb' wharf,
Sundays, read to them the Er.glish ser
ice. the property of Mr. Allan, the earliest
and after this ceremonial pass
d the whisky landing places for the larger craft of the
bottle around 'l.mong his congregation. lake. In the frame storehouse, erected
Though never a religioWl man he solemnized I later and owne.d by Mr. Allan here,
marriages and baptized the children. In he afterward established the custom
transferring lrm<i no deeds were given nor house. This stole house at a subsequent
bJoks kept. The only records were sheet I period wa.s converted into a distillery.
map!4, each lot marked off in II. square. The Mr. Allan, who also held sever&l
Colonel merely wrote the purchasers name other public offices, also remained collector
in the square selected. If he afterward until1828 In 1824 he made a trip abroad,
sold the lot the Colonel erased his name and on July 1st, just prior to hi" depa.rture
with a piece of rubber and inserted that of he appointed MI". James S. Howard, the
the new pmch'1.ser. Colonel Talbot com- father of Mr. Allan McLean Howard, as his
manded the militia of thE: district in the attorney, authorizing him to transact all the
war with the United States. One of the busines,; of his various offices during his
earliest settlers in the Ta.lbot ùidtrict was absence, and such wa
his confidence in Mr.
the afterwards
elebratel1 Dr. John Rolph. Howa.rd that Mr. Allan declined to take
St. Thûmas is called a.fter Colonel Talbot's any
ecurity for the fulfilment of the trust.
Chril>tian nalDP'. Colonel Talbot uSl'd to Mr. Howard at this time acted al collector,
make annual visits to York, and many postmaster, deputy inspector and treasurer
s"ories are told of his eceentricitie8. For for the Home D strict. Subsequently he
sixteen years he assumed the blanket coat was ap'Pointed p')stma.ster and in 1843
and axe, slept on the bare earth, cooked I treasurer. On 4u
ust 21st, 1828. Mr.
three meals a day for t".enty woodsmen, Howard received a commission from
cleaned hi. own boots, washed his own Li.euteuant-Governor Maitland aa lieuten-
linen, milked his cows, churneà the butwr ant of the First Ea.st York Regim
nt.

CHAPTER LXXVIl.

THE CUSTOM HOUSES.

2õ2

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO

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The practice of smuggling was common in
th
harbour of York in the early days. In
the issue of the Gazette of N ovembet" 3D,
1820, c;he fchooner Industry wa
advertised
for sale by th
Custom House authorities as
ha.ving bf'en taken in the act, and on the
17th of October, 1821, Mr. Allan reports to
the M,uristrates at Qua.rter Sessions that he
has seized ten ba.rre;s of salt, in which were
found concealed kegs of tobacco to the value
of 1Ì\'8 pounds and upward!, brought to
York from the United State:! in an Ameri-
ca.n schooner. nJ.med th
New Haven, A.
Johnson, master. The magistrates declared
the whole f Jrfeited to the kin
. At thi-;
time a system of illi
it reciprocitJ was i,t
yo.zue, and Canadian products ,vere smug-
g:e'd into the Un
ted States in various in-

nioU8 ways. On one occalilion Daniel
L'UIlbert, a gigantic wax fi
ure returned.
from Canada. to the United States filled
with articles which it was sOU
bt to in'ro-
duce into the country without duty, The
Albany Argus thus describes the circum-
stances: .. D.\niel LJ.mbert turned smuggl
r.
-This mammoth gentleman of wax who is
exhibited for the admira.tion of the
curious in 8,'ery pa.rt of the country, wo.s
lately met on his way from Cam\da by a
Custom house officer who remarking the
rotundity of Daniel's corporation had the
curiosity to subject it to a critical imp ction
when 10 \nstead of fldsh and blood or even
straw the Entire fabric of this un-
wieldy
elltleman was found to be composed
of fine E'l
lish cloths and Kerseymere. JJ
The second collector of the port ofY ork was
Gt'or
e S",va.
t!, who was appointed Sep-
tember 26, 1828. Mr. Savage ann'Junced
his appointment in the foHowing advertise-
ment: .. His Excellency, the Lieut
nant-
G,-"vernor, havine: been pleased to appoint
me to the Collectorship of Customs for this
port, I b 'g leave to acquaint the merchants,
ship owners and others havin
business to
transact with this branch of the revenue
a.fter the first day of O
tob
r next, that I
ha.ve temporarif'Y established an office in
pa.rt of the premis('s fronting on Duke
Etreet, occupied by Mr. Columbu
. G 'orge
Sava.e:e, CoJe
tor, York, 26-h S,:ptenlb
r,
1828." Mr. Sa.vage afterWdrd rem(I,'ed the
CUSLom house to a low one-d.nd-a-ha1f storey
brick cottage on Scott street near W ellin
-
ton street. Thomas C:J.rirae liv
d in one
end of this house and the custom
house wa.s in the other end of it.
D ". Scadctinv says of Mr. Savage:
" Bu'ky in form and 80mewhat consequential
in m&llner, Mr. Savage was a conspicaous
fibure in York down to the tim
of his
death in 1835 when he wr.s succeede
b
.. Mr.
Thom80.8 Ca.rira
. Mr. Sa.vage was, as his

253

office required him to be,
i
llant in re
p
ct
of the dues leviable at the port úf York.
But the contrll.bandists were occ3.sionalJv
too adroit for him. 'Ve h3.v
he ird of ã
number of k
8 or barrels supposed to con-
tain spirits confiJentially rep Jrted to him
as sunk in the depths o
th
bay near one of
the wharves, which kf'g8 or barrels when
carefully fished up and conveyed to Mr.
:\Iosley's rooms to bt> dispos
d of by auctiO!"
were found on b
in
tapped to contain harm-
leS8 water, but while Mr. Savage and
his men were busily enga
ed in maklD^
this profitless seizure, the real warcs,
tea;;, spirits, and so on, which were sough t
to b:! illicitly introduced were landed with-
out molestation in Humber Bay." Mr.
Savage was a watchmaker a.nd jeweller, anå
carried on business on KinJit street. He
wa;:; co:l 'ctor until September 9th, 1835.
On Sep
ember 22 of the same year Thom'
s
Carfrae was appointed as his successor. Mr.
CarÏrr.e sub"t-quent:y was au aldermJ.n of
the city. Mr. Ca.rfrae wa.s the
originator of the Potter's Field,
or, a.s it wu officially styled, "The York
G:meral or Strangers' Burying Ground,"
which was situated on the west siùe of
Y onge street, just above Bloor str('et. In
practice it was the ßunhill Fields of York,
the receptacle of the remain, of those
whose triend'i declined the U'ie of
St. James' churc!1yard and other early
burial plots. 'Va
ton's directo:'y for
1833
ives the following infor-
mation in regard to it: This instnution
owes its origin to Mr. Cadrr.e, jr. It com.
prises six acres of s;rround and hr.s r. neat
sexwn's house built close by the gate. The
name of the sexton is John W olstencroft,
who keep] a registry of every person buried
therein. Persons of a.ll creeds and p.'rsons
of no creed are allowed burial in this ceme.
tery; fees to the sexton 53. It was institu.
ted in th3 fall of 1825, and incorporated by
Act of Parliam 'nt, 30th Januuy, 1826 It
is managed by fi ve trustees who art' chosen
for lif
, a.nd in "ase of the àeath of any of
them, a publ'c meeting of tile
inhabitants is called when they
e!ect a successor or succeS80Fi
in their place. The present trustðes, 1833,
are Thomas Carfra.e, junior, the collector of
the port, Thomas D. Morrison, the physician,
Peter Paterson, the iron mercha.nt, John
Ewa:-t, the build('r, and ThomJ.s H .lIiwell,
the brewer. Although a remote locality in
182D, the Potter's Field in 18Ð4 was more
or 1&8 surrounded by buildings and inter-
ments in it were prohibit,d, Many þf the
remains were removed to the N ecropolia,
the Succð8Sor of the Potter's Field. Mr.
Carfrae is buried in the Necropolis. Mr.

254

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

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Carfrae was collector until June olives, pickles,"pitch, paintings, pozzolona,
1st, 1840. The deputy co
lector pumice stone, punk, Parmesan cheese, pearls,
uuder him was William Steward. precious stones, prints, raisins, bpon2:C',
In 1837, Mr. Steward furnished for the sausa'tes, turpentine, tar, vermicelli. whet-
city directory of that year the following stones, -wine, Admitted at the duty of 20
table of imports from the United State.s
- per cent. :-Candy, sugar, cotton ma.nufac-
Prohibited: Arms,ammunition, books, such tures,
]ass manufa.ctures, tobacco manu-
as are prohibited to be imported into the factures, refined sugar, soap, Admitted at
United Kinßdom ; base coins, fish, dry or the duty of 30 per cent. :-Books and p:\pers J
slIolted ; train oil, blubber or skins of crea- clocks and watches, leatber manufacturer.
tures living in the sea. tea. Free: Ashes, linen manufactures, silk manufactures,
bullIon. beei, bread, bacon, biscuit. corn, Musical instruments were admitted at the
cocoanut;;, cordwood, cabinet makers' wood, àuty of 15 per cent.; goods, wares or mer
_
diamonds, drugs, dye-woods, fruits, mea.t : chandise not being enumerated or otherwise
and fish, beine fresh; flouf, flax, grain, uno ' char
ed with duty. Duties charged by
ground; guns of aU kinds, hay, horses, weiihts and measure :-8a1t 6d per buahel

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Carfrae in tbe co'lector8h:p was Wiiliam I F
b. 3, Jordan Post to M. \Voociruffe

Moon K"I1y. Some troublè arose over his July 13, Hiram Kendrick to Hc:ster Vander-
a.dminhtration of at! Ii,s and it was made burg; D,)c, 28, .Jarvh Ashley to Doro.hy
t.he
ubject of a p
rliam
ntary inquiry, At l\1cDoug>\l; 1808, Jan. 13, D'Arcy Boultoll,
thib time coll'?ctors were paid lIy commis- jr., to Sal.y Ann Robinson; March 17,
sions and not by a stated f
e, and this sys. James Finch to M. R 'ynolcts; April 9,
tem paveù the way for m ,nv abuses. Smug- D""vid \Vilson to Sus,LllUah Stone; May 2,
srling was very common, and thert' are John L Insgtat! to Lucy Mi!es; May 30, .John
prominent and wealthy men now living in Murchison to FI'ancr's Hunt; August 8, John
t.he city who laid the foundation ot Poweil, E,q., to Miss IMbeIla Shaw; Sf'p
.
their fortunes by :omuggling. Kelly con- 12, Hu!!h Hewarù to E iza Muir; 1809,
tinued to act as collectCI' uutil 1843, when Apr I 14, Nicholas Hagarman to Polly
be resigned and was nppoiJlted \r arden of F e[cher; May 18, 'Vi liam Corn ell to
the Rerormatory at Pen, tan(!ni,hene, an of- R loda Te ry; June 19, John Ashbriðge to
lice which he held until a recent date. He Sarah M
rcer: June 21, Jonathan Ash-
now lives at Penetanguishene. In August, hridge to Hannah B:1rton; July 15, O:in
1843, Robert Stant
n was appointed col- Hale to Hallnah Barrett; August
lector. Mr. Stanton was t.he editor and 5, Henry Dèan to Jane Brouke;
publilolh -r of the Gazelte, and he in part D.c. 14, John Thompson to Ann Smith;
changed its name to "The U. E L"Iyalist." 1810, March 8, Andrew Thomson to Sa.rah
.Mr. Stantcn, who waR King's Printer for Smith j March 30, 1,,:1. 'c Pilkingto!
to S
rah

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Zf C\1S\of'\Hov
e.- )c, 0 1t St: '
2.9-3t)
Upper Canarla. lived in a sub3tantial brick I )1cBrid<J; June 2, Thomas Bright to Jane
houge on Peter street, commanding the view Hunter; Ju1y 3, John Scar:ett to Mary
eastward along the whole length of RicÞ I 1'homson; Sept. 10, Willi lm Smith to Elea-
mond street. Mr. St:mton's father was an nor Thomp->on; June 22, William B. Shel.
f tfi
er in the navy. who hetweell the years don to Jane JotlDson; July 30, Robert
1771 and 1786 saw much active service in Hamilton, g...nt., to Mis! Mal'Ì'\ Lavinia.
th'3 Ea.st and West Indies, in the Med.iter- I Jarvis; 1811, Sept. 20, GeorS{e Duggan to
ranean, at the sieu:e of Gibraltar under .Mary Jackson." The iamily of Mr. Stanton,
General EllifJtt, and on the American coast. senior, was large. It was au
mented by
during the Revolutionar)" war. From 1786 1 twins on five s
veral occasion;;. Not far
to 1828 he wa3 in the public service in from Mr. Stanton's house, a lesser e(lifice of
several military and civil capacities in brick of comparatively late date, on th"'
Lower and U pp('r Canada. In 1806 he waR north side of Richmon.1 street, immedia
ely
for one thing issuer of marriaJ!e licenses at opposite thJ p,"emises, assl"ciated
York, and his m:moran::1um gf the names of with the memory of President Smith. may
those who plighted their troth is very terse. be noted as havin,g been 10uilt and occupif'd
It reads Ihus :- by the c!istingui;;herl Admiral V.tllsitt lrt.
.. 1806-N ov. 26, Stephen Heward to and the fi ",< example in this region of a cot-
Mary Robinson j same date, Ely PJa.yter to tage fm'I' h d with light tasteful verandahs
Sophh Brama:t; D.c. lI, 3ame year, Gel:'. in the m 'u I'n style. Robert Stanton COD-
T. - Demson tc E. B. Lipp.hcott; 1807- ti med in office as collector of the P8rt of

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

267

York' until Novenbtor 10, 1849. Seme I of tha buildiDg of the brick custom house
trouble arising from his admiDi
tra.tion he shown in the picture of the proposed Espla-
resigned. He was aft rward appointed I Dade improvements the customs bu&il1ess
Clerk of the Court of Queen's Bench and had been t ansacted in buildin,gs rented for
Common Pleas. After an interval of a the purpose, the Joca.tion& of which have
month, durin
which W lliam Pring was been mentioned. \Vhen the T,ew brick
a.cting-collector, \Villiam F. Meudf"!1 on the I butlditlg erected by the Government, after
first of January, 1850, was appointed col- plans drawn by Mr. Kivas Tully, the archi-
lector. He remained in office until 1838, tect and civil engiueer, was completed the
when he was transferred to Belle- I Custom House waS transf
rred to it.
.,ille. April 1, 1858. Robert Spence This building stood on the site of the pre-
was appoiuted cnlli'ctor. He remll.ined in I sent Custom House at the BOuth
office until his death, February 25, 1868, west COrner ot Front and Y ouge streets

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when Thoma!! C Scott, surveyor, IIcted as I Originally it was 8S shown in the illustration,
collector until November 5, 1868. On but in after yedors an iron railin
was put up
Novemb
r 6, 1868, James E. Smith was I around it. This rai in
now t-nclo8f8 one
appointed, and contjnu
d to act until side of the grounds of th.e Reform Club.
November 29, 1879, when troubles arose I For a lon
time after the establishment of
which. led to his reBi
nation. John Douglas York ø.s a cu ,toms port there was no examin-
held the office of collector from December 1 in'! warehouse. Goods were opened and
1. 1879, to April 13, 1881. April 14 exa.mined in the stores of t.he puti. s wl.o
1881, tb3 late James P,ltton was appoint
d, I imported them. The first examinjn
1Vare-
and oontinuerl in offi
e up to his death, house was a small frame building belonging
Oot. llth, 1888. Sillce that time Mr. Douglas I to the Hewa!'d estate, which stood on tho
baa been acting collector. Up to that time site of the present examinina wa.rehouae.
17

258

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

just .outh of the Cu
tom House. This was
rented by the Government for years as an
exa.mining warehouse, In 1870 a fire broke
out in Stanton's block, on the south side of
Front street. just west of the Custom
House. At that time there was but little
space between the block and the Custom
Hous '. On thf! fa.ll of the roof and walls of
the adjoining block th
Custom Houle roof
was crushed in and the building set on fire.
The plans of Mr. Wiudyer, architect, were
then chosen, anrl the p 'esent fine building
wa& erected in accordance with them. the
Government in the meantime buying the lot.
which is now left vacant as a protective
measure. to the west of th(' Custom House,
In the .Anglo-American .Magazine for 1853
the Dlan drawn up by Mr. Kivas Tully for
the - arrangement ot the city frontage
shown in the illustration. is thus described:
,. \Vherever slips and streets are shown on
the origina.l plan of the city frontage I
propose to divide the 66 feet equally south
of Front street, one-half to be bridged 80 as
to carry the level of Front street over
beyond the railway line with an inc1ination
to the wharves; the o"her half to form an
inclined plane from Front street to the level
of the railway line, thereby maintaining the
communication north and south of the in-
sulatE:ò railwa.y line. The width of these
streets bein
66 feet. I propose to divide as
follows :-Bridge, 26 feet; parapet, one.
half one foot; sidewalk, six feet,
street 26 feet, rets.ining wall. one-half
foot, si lewalk six feet; total, 66
feet. The Esplanade, which is 100 feet
wide, I propose to divide equally, als3 ap-
propriating th
Elouthern tlalf for railway
interests and maintaining the public
thoroughfare on the north half as fol-
low. :-Esplanade. 43 feet; fence. one-half
one foot; sidewollk. six feet; three
line
of rails. twelve feet each. 36 feet;
pier for bridge. one ha.tf three feet; sid_-
walk for raiJway. four feet; fence, one
foot; sidewalk, six feet; tota.l. 100 feet.
The Esp!anad " which I would recommend
b
ing called Union street, would be nea.rly
eqmll to the width ot King street with six
feet sidewalk for foot 'Passen
el
. If the
space appropriated for railway pnrposps
would be sufficient, the directors or the
different lines would have to purchase a
right of way south of the Espla.nade from
the different p3.Tlies through who
e p:'op-
erty the railway passes. The rai;way line
is placed on the southern side of the E-pla-
nade for greater facility for trdins out to
the wharves, on'y cTo18sing a sidewalk, And
it would be adv;sa.ble to prevent the railway
from crossinO' the street on the northern
aide. Whe; the railway st,ltions are con-

templated bñdges on the Front street level
could be constructed to connect the bui!d-
inp,s north and south of the railway line so
that a level cros,iug would be avoided. The
number of bridge; that would be rt quired for
the whole front, a.s shown on the origi-
nal plan, would be fiftean from Simcoe
street on the west to B
rkpley street 01 tho
east. For the present traffic:five migh
be
considered sufficient, the remainder to be
eventually constructed as a mattl'r of jU3-
tice to aIt p:uties. With resp;:ct to con-
structing th,
breast-work on the southern
side of the Esplanade of stone. i cannot 8
e
the necessity of doing so unless the lioe is
removt:d south to command a. depth of nine
feet oj water at the lowest period. This
would bring it nearly to the windmill line.
The lcøeees of water lots have the power
also of filling up their lots to the windmill

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line, so that the expensive stone fencing
would be covered up In many instances. A
timber breast-work twelve fe
t wide is aU
that would be required for the present,
sufficiently close and stl'ong to prevent the
bank from being washed away by the
action of the water. At the sLps opposi-te
the etreet8, a stone facing s
oping to the
water would be judicious and would be a
great improvement. on the timber ooJl
ri-
vance!'! which bave a.lready cost l he City
p1'obab'y as much as wou'd ha.ve made per,

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

ma.nent and substantial slips. West of I Mr. TullY'9 design for the 'roron te
Simcoe street where there are no pro- Esplanade, shown in the accoD\p:mying
jecting wharves at present and beyond the I illustration, is a bird'"eye view from the
line contemplated by the origina.1 p'ans, I North AmerÏëaJ'l hotel. The building in the
would recommend the stone facing to be foreground, with the fbg flyinp;, is the
constructed with jetties, to be used as PUb- , Custom House, sta.nding on the site of the
lie wharves. In all the propositions that present Custom House buildbg, at the
have been laid before the publ:c, not one of: s.)uth-west Clrner of Y onge and Front
them makes any p:'ovisions for tha p;eneral I streets. At the time of the burdng
drainage alon!t the front of the city. Are of th
custom house there .tood
the dra.ins ft.liowed to deplsit their refuse in at about No. 26 West Front street

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..-- '" 1 &
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'he IJlip3 where they

pty themselves! no, / a l;"\r
e three-stony brick bui
ding,
8urely not; S'1me provlswn m'1st be made for near y square, with a bi
porch in front.
remedyhg the i '
':e;].sing .t-viI. otherwise This building which stood a little way ba.ck
the health o
th
Citizens wIll be endan!Zer- ' from thC' stre

, had beea bui:t by J l:d!e
ed. The evil IS very great even now; Jones as a rf'sldence. Later it h:ld been
witness the rank vegeta.tion round the turned into a hotel caned the Rochester
wha.fves \Vha+; will it he when this city I Hou
e, conducterl hy La.ndlord Hanlan, au
Dumber!! 100,000 inhabitants. Pro\"islou uncle of th,
famous oarsman. This build-
ahou:d therefllre be m \de for draina.:e con- I i Ig was rented by the GOTernm2ot from
joint1y with the construction ot the
spla.. E hrard C. Jones, th
. m of Juòg
Jone,,_
nad,"." and h
re the custom hou
e bn..inplL!l wa.a

PROCLdMdTION.

BY His Exccll('ucy SIR FRL.\NCIS BOND READ,
Baronet, Lieutenant Governor of Upper COllada, &c. &c.
TO.tbe Q,ueen's Fnitbful Subject$ in Upper Canada.
In :1 time of profounlJ pence, while- overy one was è}uict1y following his occupations,
f'eeling secnrc nnl),-r the proleclion of our Laws, 0 band of Rebels. inl'ltignted by a fe\v mnlignnnt mlrt dis10}'r.1 men, hila
Imd the ",ickedne,ss ond audacity to al'semLle with Arms, ond tn ouoek and Mnrder the Queen'l! SnLjects dn the Hi..h-
way-to Burn and Destroy their Property-to Rob the Publu: Mailo1l--aod to threaten to Plunder the Banlis-nl1dC> to
Fir!! thc Ciry ofToroato.
Bra\'c al\(1 Loyal People of UPPCI' CnnarJa. wc ha\'c been 10ng suff'('ring from the
acts and enJe:l\"oufS'of cQncealeJ Traitors. but this is the "first time that Rebelliun 11ns .Inred to "hew ilself openly ÌlI tb.
I4nd, in tile absence of 11l,.nsion by any Foreign Enemy.
Let every man do his duty now. and it will be thc last time that we 01' OUl' children
.hnll lee onr li\'ell or propertics endan
erert, or the Anthori.y of our Grncious Queen insuhpd Ly such trencherons and
angrateful men. MILITIA-MEN OF UPPER CAN .\DA, no Country has ever shewn n finere
l\mple of LO)'lIhy nnd
Spirit ,Iran YOU have glv
n upon this slidJen cIIII vf Dury. Yuung IInd old uf all ran

, Are flocliing to the
m"Jard
of their Conntry. "'hnt has tal,
n plAce will pnl1hle our Queen to Imow Her Friends from Her L:ncmies-a pnLliG
enenl)' is never so dangerolls 81 a conccaled TrtLiror-nnil nolV !1IY friends" let liS complele ,,"..II what is Lrgnn-Iet u.
lIot returu to our rest ullTrensolt and Trnilors ore revealed to the light of dny, nnJ rendered hllrmlcss thronghout the
land.
Be vigilant, patient and active-1eave punishment to the Laws-oUl' first object
is, to arrest onJ secure all tbose wbo have been guilty of RebeJlion. l\IurJer and RoLLerv.-.And to aid ns in this, .
Rewnrd is he!eLy oITered of
,
O,le TltOltSalld POllllds,

to ony one ..ho ...illappr,.hi\nd. and delivr-r: up to Justice, WIJ.LIAIII LYON !\IACI-i. E
ZE; and FI\-E IIUNDHI:D
POUNDS to .my one \\ho willapprehenil. nnd deliver lip t9Justice, DAVID GIBSON-or SAJ\lUEL LOl;NT-or
JESSE LLOYU-or SILAS FLETCHER-Rnil the 811m! rewnrd and 8 free pArdon ",ill lJe given to any of their
accomplices who will !'Cnder this public servic!!, excE'pl he or tLey shall bave comrnitted, in't.is o",n persoll, tlae crime or
Murder or Arson.
And an, but the Lcaders aLan-named, \Vila ha'.e been seduced to join in
tltis unnatorol Rebellion, :Ire hereby called to return to their duty to tlleir SJ\'ere
1D ob..y the Lnw&-oOlJ to li\'e
henceforward ItS good and faithful Subjects-and they win fond ,hp GovermM1rt ofÙ\eir Queen as indu1gcnt 05 it il jus
GOD SAVE THE QlJEEN.
Thursday, 8 o'clocl" P. M.
7th Dec. /8
) Y
or;- The Party of Rebels, unlJcr their Chief Leadcrs, is wholly dispersed. and
flying before the LOJal !Uilitia. The only thing that remains to bc done, is to find
them, and arrest them.

R_ STA:'iTON. Printer to tbe QUEE!'\'S (\fost ExullO/1t Mojesty-

(op, 261)

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

201

the Fa.lls. This island was a. Britisla
possession havin
been awarded to
England by tbe treaty of Ghent.
Reprèsentd.ti"ns had been made to
Mackenzie that a force <,f volunteer.
two hundred and fifty
tron[{ with two p:eoeø
of artil ery, four hundred and fifty stand of
.armi and provhions and ammunition in
abundance w(Juld joOn him in occupation of
the island. Calling at Whitehaven Grand
I "land on the way tLJ Navy Is I and from Buf-
falo. Mackenz:e found imtead of several
hundred men only 24 volunteers waitin
to
a.ccompany him. On noticing this little

roup he sJUk, inert and spirit
brokf'n, up m the fr" me of a.
cannon where he passively reclined
until a.ronsed. But notwithf>tandioR
this CI ushing disappointment the enterprise
was not abandoneli and the word was given
HI8 Escape from Toronto-Fac Similes or to P u;;:h off. Mr. Charles Lind&E' I, Mr.
the Proclamation for HI. A.rre.' and or
Moaey aad Commlasloll.8 bltaed by Hia Mackenzie's biographer, writes: .. A pro-
Governm,....f, visional government of which Mr. Mac-
Thursday, the seventh day of D_cemb::!r, ke
zip. was president, was or
aniz d on the
1837, was the tUI ning point in the careH of island. A proclam:\tion dated Navy Is-
WiLhm Lyon Macke11zie. At four o'clock 1md, December 13 h, 1837, W80'J issued by
on thp. ..herDoon of that day a 'Proclamation .Mr. Macktnzie. stating the objcts which
wa!'l issued by Sir Francis Bond Head, of- the attempted resolution was desi2:ned to
fering a reward of one thousand pounds for secure and promisinv three hundred acres
the apprehension of Mackel zi., and a re- (;f public !ands '0 every volunteE'r who
ward of five hundred poulJds for the deliv- joined the patl iot standard. A few days
ering of David Uibson, Samuel Lount, J('sse after another proclamation ,...808 i. ued
Lloyd or SiJag Fi
tcher. The accomp:my- adding $100 in silver, payable by
ing illustration is aJae simile of thiq procla- the 1st May, 1838, to
he ptoff_red bounty.
mation. Mr. Mackenzie alway!! kept a coPy The fulfilment of the promise1 held out in
of thÏb proclamation f).amed and hun!;{ up in these proclamation.:! must, however, be de-
a conspicuou.:! pa.rt of his house. The tailure pendent upon the success of the cause in
of the insurrection through the defeat of the which the volunteHs were to fight. By way
insurgents in the battle at Montp:omt'ry's of burleEquing the rewards offered by Sir
farm resulted ill the complete fin'\llcid.l ruin Francis Bond Head for Mackenz e and
of its moving spirit. A'though not rich, yet others, the first proclamation offered
..t the time of the outbreak Mr. MaLkenzie the
um of :e500 for the Lieutenant-
was ill
,od Clrcumgtan
e.!!. His Governor of Upper Canada. The offering
printing estab:ishmeni wag the largest and of thia reward Wd.8 the main caUse that in.
best in Upp?r Canada. Hi. account for duced Sir Fr!.\ncis on his return to En
land
pub1ic printing the previous year was $4,- to fore
o his intention of passing through
000, His bookstore contained 20,000 the States. At his request Sir John Har-
volumes, "nd he had an extensive buildin
. vey, Lieutet:ant Governor of Nova Scotia,
He haù town 10' B in Dundas, a town lot in s3cured him a pa.ssa[{e in a vessel sailing
Garafraxa, and a claim to a 'DOr
ion of the from Ha'ifax. The pa.trio1i Baga with it.
immens
R:1ndall estate. A -large amount twin stars, intended torepresflnt the two Can-
w&s owin
to him, and all he owed was adas, was hoisted. an I as a
ovelUment, even
a.bout :e750, All this property was lost. though it be provisional, is nothin
without
After the battle at Montgomuy's, a great seal, thig requisite was also obtained.
Mackenzie, a.lth'JUih closely pursued Besides tho,) twin stars, the
Teat seal showed
and rep atedly fired at, after many a new moon break in" thtough the surrounù-
narrow escapes from capture suc- ing darkness "ith the words, Liberty,
ceeded in rea.ching the American shore on Equality. The Provi.ional G{,vernmen1l
the Monday tollowing Thu:'sday's battle. issued promises to pay in sums of one and
On the thirteenth ot December Mackenzie ten dollars each. They are said to haye
and Renaelaer Van Renselaer, an Am{'rican, been freely taken on the American side, bnt
landed on Na\'y Ish.nd, a small island in the what a.mount was issued I cannot ascertain.
Niaiarø. River, a short distance above' The beat Froof of the truth of thig usertion

carri?d on until the completion and
occu
tion of the present buildin
in 1876.
The site of th3 Rochester House is now
taken up by a fine business block. Throu'{h
the kindness of Mr. ,McL?an, Chief Clerk ot
the Cnstoms, from whom much of the in-
formation giYen in this article wa!'l obtained
we are enab'ed to give the following sta.te-
ment of the cmtom
business for 1887, The
receipts were $4,273,038 78. The t-xports
were va.lued at over $3.000,000, and the im-
ports at over $21,000,000. The receipts for
1887 are not exceeded by those of 1888.
The \'olume of business during the paat yea.r
bas been large, bat the transfer to the free
list of coal, etc., hflos reduced the receipts.

CHAPTER LXXVIII.
MACKENZIE AS AN EXIL.E,

2

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i. to be found in an official report of one of
the p.ltriot gt'nerals to Mackellzie, dated
January 26, 1838, relatiue an offer of the
owner of the brig Virginia. to sell her for
'8,500, and take his pay in bond
.
Dr. &
ph 'Was appointed on the 28th of
D<!cember to receive all the moneys which
might be subscribed within th Unit d
States on behalf of the C .nadian patriots
stru
gling to obtain the indep, ndence of
their country, but he declined to act in th1.t
c 'pa.city." The force at Navy Is
and
radu-
ally swelled from the original little party of
twentY-Hix to aboat six hundred, but in
Januarv. 1838, Navy Island was ev8ocuated.
Meanwhile what was c3.lled the P8otriot
Army of th.. North-we"t had been org8onized
in Michi
an for the pur1)ose of making a
de
cent on Canada., iienry S. Handy, of Illi-
nois, had b
en appointed commal1d4i!r,in-
chief. His command extended over th

who!e of Western C8ona.da. fhe other offi-
cers were James M. \Vilson, m
jor-
eneral;
E, J. Roberts. brig;adier.p;eneral of the fir
t
brig8ode; Dr. Thella, brigadier-general to
command the first briga.de of French and
Irish troops to be raised in Canada.
A number of c.lone's were also appointed
and sworn in. 'I'he folIûw,n
cut is a fac
tnmile of a blank commi'sion sign
d by
Henry S. Handy, and countersigned by E.
J. R<,berts, General H80ndy waJsupers
ded.
by Gener80l Bierce. but afterwards re-app3ar-
ed upon the scene as the mover in a. new or-
g8oniza.fion. Þredatory - frontier mGvements
con tinned for some tiUle till 1Ihe agitation
.ubtsided, peace W&I lestored 80nd a. general
amnesty gr80nted to all who had participate.!
in the rebellion.

CHAP'!'ER LXXIX.
THE M'LEAN HOME5TEAD.

The Birthplace or
ol. Alf'xander Roberts
Dann. and I..ater the Residence 01" (;hlel"
.Ju8t1ce McI..ean.
At the he80d of Catharine street stands an
old f8oshioned mansion which dates back to
the early d80Ys of York; h is of frame. two
storeys. p80inted dark o.hre, with a. hip roof

nd bordered on two sides with a. veran
d8oh. It W80s built romewhere about 1820
by the Hon. John Henry Dunn, long Re-
ceiver.General of Upp2r Canada.
In 1822 Mr. Dunn was one of the sub-
scribers to the fund for the erection of two
bridp;es over the Don. At a much Jater
period, when :Mefsrs. Dunn and Buch80nan
were returned as members for the town,
there W&ll conspicuous a train of railway
carria.ge. in the pageant d awn by hone-
power witb the inscription on the siJn of
the carriages: " Do you not wi
h you m!LY
"et it f"-,he al:usion being to the Grand

Trunk, which was then only a thing of the
p08sibilities. Mr. Dunn was one of the reg.
ular attendants a' the old wooden church of
St. James. Mr. Dunn afterward presented
to the congregation of the U eecond temple"
of St. James a costiy and fine-tolled organ
which, with the whole church, was des-
troyed
y fire In 1839, after only two yean
of existence. Mr. Dunn had previous y
provided the first wooden church with a
communion plate, the gift of ,..hich W80S
acknowled
ed in tha Loyalist of March
I, 1828, as follows: .. 'l'Ì1e under:<igmd
acknowledp;es the recf'ip
of æ112 183 6d
from the Hon. John Henry DUlin. bfin

the price of a superb set d communion
plate presented by him to St. James' church
at thb place. J. B. Macau1å.y, church-war-
den. York,23:-d Feb., 1828." Here Mr.
Dunn lived with his family until the death
of hh wife, and here all h-is childn
n were
born. On the death of Mrs. Dunn, a new
three-storey house of brick, with win
s, was
built for Mr. Dunn in 1835 by Mr. John G.
Howard, the architect, at tile north-we.t
corner of Front and Bathun,t streets. On
le80ving this hou
e, :Mr. Dunn for a time lived
in a 6mall bl ick house on the nort h side
of Queen street, near Ma."kh8om
street, which has !Since been torn down. Th e
hou'3e at Front and Bal hurst stn et was
I ented by the government and occupied as
qu80rters for the officers 80t the
arrison.
It afterwards came into the possession of
John Dickey. La.ter it wa., occupied aI 80n
agricu:iural implement facTory 80nd
still l80ter by Johu Doty. Mrs, Dunn
was on8 of the graceful lady
chiefs in the high life of York in
the olden time. Mr. Dunn at a l80ter pel"iod
returned to Enp;'8ond, where he died. Hi.

ldest s('n is now living in Sussex, Of the
daug:lters of !\Ir. Dunn, one married an
offi'
er in the K'g ish 80rmy and the other
became the wife of a Frenchman. The
house at the head of Catharine street is a.
retired family house, almost hiadeu from
the
eneral view by a grove of tree
.
Origina.lly a quiet looking gate led
into a. straight dri ve up to thp.
house out of QUf'en street. At this
time the grounrls extecded to Adelaid"
st:-eet, we!'t to Brock street, along Brock
north to Queen and about 400 feet alonJl;
Queen .treet. There were tew markd
gardens in those ùays and a grea.t p1.r' of
the land was cultivated as a vegetable gar-
den. Where the Methodist chap.:l now
.tands was a potato p:l.tch. Ou the south
side of Queen ,street, west of Brock
street were woods and .wamp laDd.
'\
reat place for shooting snipe. Mrs.
Dunn was a 2reat lover of flower.. and her

.
LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

265-

rOI!l@1!I were amolJ g the fine.t
grown in York. During Mr. Dunn'. o
cu-
pa.ncy of the hruse it was known as Dunn-
stable, but that title is nu longer retained.
In this house was bo: n in 1833 the famou.
Alexandet, Rube:'Þ Dunn, who not only had
the honour of sharing in the charge of the
LiJ!'ht Bri
ade at Balaclava in 1856. but
who of the six hundred then won the
highest m
ed of glory. Dr. Scadding
says of him :-" Six feet three inch
s in
stature, a 1110st powerful and most skilful
swordst'n&ll and a stranger to fear, Lieu-
tenant Dunn in!<tead of com:ulting his own
safety in the midst of that frightful and
untoward melee de:iberatdy interposed for
the protection of hi
comrades in !!orms. Old
troopers of the E eventh Hussars long told
with kindling eyes how the young lieutenant
seeing Sergeant Bentleyof his own re
i,
ment attacked from behind by two
or three Russian lancers rushed upon
them sin
le handed and cut them
down; how he saved the life
cf Serl'eant Bond. how PrivateL: vett
owed his s,.fety to th9 same friendly arm
whEn aSfailed by Russian hussar
. King-
lake, the historia.n of the Crimea:1 war, re-
cords that the Victoria Cross plBc
ù at :the
dispoul of the Eieventh Hus
a.l's was un
animou
ly awarded by them to Veut. Dunn.
the only cavalry officer who obtained the
distinction. To the enthusiasm inspired by
his brilliant reputation was mainly due
the 8pe
dy formatinn in Canada 0(_ t_he
Hundredth RegiIr.ent, the Prince of \Vales
Royal Canadian Re
iment in 1858. Of
t.his r.:'{iment, partly raised throu
h his
instrumentality. Mr. Dunn was gazetted the
first Major, aud on the retirement of the
Raro& de Rottenbq.re, from its command,
he lIuceeeð.ed ail its lieutenant-co'onel. At
the time he had b3.rely completed his
twenty-seventh year. Impatient of in-
activity he camed himself to
be transferred 10 a command
in India, where he speedily attracted the
llotica of General Napier, afterwards Lord
Napiel' of Magdala, and he accomp:mied
that dRcer in the expedition a
:J.iust King
Theo(lore of Abyssinia, While haltinu- at
Sena.fe in thll.t country he was acc:dentally
killed by the sudden expksion of hig rifle
willIe out .hooting dl'p.r. The sequel can best
be
iven. &II well as an impressio:1 of the feel-
ings of his immedhte associatt:s on the
deÐlorable occa.sion by quoting the touching
words of a letter a.ddressf'd at the time to
a nf'ar relative of Colonel Dunn by a
brother officer, · In no regiment,' says this
friend, · was ever a commanding officer so
mÌ'3sed as the one we have just so unhappily
lost. tuch a courteou!'. thorou!!h 2entleman

in word and deed,.o thoughtful for othen.
.0 p
1 feet a
oldier, so confidence-in
pirinl[
a leader. Every s
ldif'r in the regiment
mi8s6s Colonel Dunn. He was a frÌf nd, and
telt to be such, to everyone ot them. The
regiment will never have so univer8alIy
f'steEmed a comm&nder aga.in. We all f 'el
that. For my.elf I feel tbat I have lost a
brother who ::
n never be replaced. I can
.carcely yet realize that the dear fenow is
really dead, and a.. I pass his tent every
morning I inv
luntarily turn my head ex-
p cting to hear his ueua.l kind salntation
and to see the dea.r h&.ndsome faC',e thfl.t h&ll
never ic.oked at me but with kivdne3s.
I breakfasted with him on the mornin
of
the 25th, and he looked so well as he started
off with our surgeon for a day's shootin
.
Little did I think that I looked -on his dear
o
d face for the last time in life. I cannot
deocribe to you what a shock the .ad news
was to everyone both in my regiment
and indeed to everyone in the camp, our
dear colonel was so well known and so uni-
vasally liked a.nd re"p2cted. Next day,
SUhday, the 26th of January, he was buried
a.bout 4, o'clock p. m. I went to look
at the dear old fellow before his ec,ffin was
closed and his poor face, though looking Sf)
cold, was yet so ha.'1dsome and th9 expres-
sion of it 30 p
aceful and h 'ppy. I cut off
SLme of his hair which lately he wore very
short, a lock of which 1 now send you, keep.
ing one ror myself as the most va uable
10UVf nil' I couid ha.ve of one I love very
dearly. And I knelt down to
ive his cold
for"head a long far
well kiss. He
was buried in uniform 808 he had often
expressed a wish to me to that effe<:t. Every
officer in the camp attended his funeral and
of course the "hole of his own rt'giment, in
which thel e was not a single dry eye as all
stood around the
rave of their los' com-
mander. He has been buried In a
piece of 2round nea!' where our
camp now stand. at the foot of a
small hill covered with .hrubbery, and
m"iny wild flowers. We have had railinJl:8
put round the grave, and a. stone is to l'e
placed there with the inscriptiou. .. In
mf'mory of A. R. Dunn, V. C. Cot 33rd
Regiment, who died at Senate on the 25th
January, 1868, aged 34 years snd seven
months. Thu
in remote Abyssinia rest
t he mortal rem'J.ins of one who in the happy
unconsciousness oÏ childhood !'ported
bere in
rounds and grovea on Queen street. JJ
Chief Justice McLean, ir. 1837 who had
come to York from Cornwa 1, bou
ht the
Dunn mansion and lived in it up to his
death in 1865, since which time th
house
bas been occupied by bis son, Mr. A. G.
1h L
an.

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267

The f..ther of JusLÏc
.McLean Wi\.S Col-
oDel Neil McLean, late of :O;t. Andrew'., in
the County of Stormont, Upper Canada.
He ....as born at Mingary, in the Island
of Mull, in the year 1759. At an early
&'t e he !eryed 8015 ensi,!:n and lieutenant in
the Royal Highland Emigrant. or 84th Regi-
ment. l'he re
iØ1ent was disbanded a.fter
the American Revolution. anj Mr. McLean
plac
d on half pay on the 24th ûf June,
1784. In 1796 he was made Ca.ptain in
the Royal C'lnadian Volunteers, and served
in .Moutreø.l, Quebec and York, until
that corps was disba.nded. He was then
appointed 31Jeriff of the E3.8tern D strict,
and in 1812 he was again in actiye
service a. Co
ollel of the Stormont Militia
and Commandant of the Di
trict, taking
part in the battle of Crysler's Fi
rm. After
the war he was appointed L
l!:islative Coun-
cillor of Upper Canada. He married the
younge!:t dau
hter oÍ John M(
Donell, of
Leek, who, with his two brothers .Mc-
Donell'!!!, of Coub,quhi and Aberholdt'r, emi-
grated from Scotlan<1 with a number of
their dependents and clansmen to the
British poss
ssion. in America. When
the r('bellion broke out the brothers re-
mained true to their count! y, and leavIng
their proper:y on the :Mohawk River mad
their way throl1!!h the wilderness to Can-
ada. John
fcDonell, of L
ek, died in
Montreal and was buried under' the pa.r.ish
church. Colonel McL!:'an had three sons
IInd five dal1ght'
rs; the 80llS were John,
Archibald and Alexander. John, the eldest,
was at one time Sheriff of Frolltenac and
subsequently Registrar of the Counties of
Glengll.rry, Stormont and Dundas.
He served throu
h the war of 1812,
Alexander, the th it d son, also served
through tbe war, bein", severely wound-
ed when leading the attack at Ogdens-
burgh. lip. was for some years member
for Stormont and Cl)mmamll1nt of the
E
stern District. He died at Cornwa.U in
1875, aged eighty-two years. Colonel Mc-
Lean's second son, Archibald, was born at
::;1. Andrew's on the 15th of April, 1791,
and was educated in Cornwall a.t the cele-
b, a.ted Dr. Strachan school When six-
teen years of age he came to York and
studied law with Mr. Firth, the then At-
tornt:y-General. In 1812 he
ot a. commis-
sion in the 3rd Y urk militia, and was
wounded at Queenstou Heights while assist.
iBg Lieutenant-Colonfll McDoneil, aide de
ca.mp to Gen')ral Hrock, who. when wounded,
called to him: II Archie, help me I" Owing
to ò.elay in extracting the ball Mr. McL
an'!!!
life wa. for a time despaired of, and for
several month. he could uot return to
hi. d.ty. Mr. McLean was in York when

it was taken by the Americans. He carriei
the coloun of the 3rd York militia to a
place of safety, burying them in the woedø
behind Mr. Juhn McGill's house which
.tood where tbe Metropolitan cburch now
stands. He then made good his escape
and reported himself at Kingston. After
thl. he raised a. company for the incurpo-
rated milita.rv from among tbe Hi(Chla.nders
of Glenga.rry. He commanded this company
at Lundy's Lane, where he WItS , aken
pri!!!oner and held part ot the time in close
continem
nt until the close of the war.
After peace was proclaimed, dec'ining a
commission offered him in the re
u:ar army,
he r, sumed the study of the law under Dr.
\Y. W. Baldwin, and was cal!ed to the
bar in 1815. He then establhhed himself
8.t Cornwall, where he contiuued to re-
siàe until his appointment to the bench
in 1837. He married Miss Joan McPhet'-
son, a daughter of John McPherson, of
Three Rivers. In 1817 Mr. McLoan was
retained by the North-west compa.ny t.o
taa:e evidence relatil'g to the (Jifficultie.
between the North-west Fur Company and
the Hudtlon's Bay Comp:my, which had
led to the killing of Governor Semple and
his men. In 1820 he was elected to the
P'l.rliampnt, of Upper Cana.da from the
County of Stormont, and continued a mem-
ber of the Home until 1837, when
he was appointf'd to the bench,
having bpen twice Spea\[er of the Housp.
In 1825 he went to En'tland to press the
claims for 'Pensions of trose who had serYfd
during the war of 1812, and succeeded in
having theBe c
aims allowed. On being
ca.lIed to the bench U1 1837 he came with his
family to Toronto, arriving here about a
month before the brt'aking out of the rEbel-
lion. A few days before th,tt event, in con-
versation with some of his brother judges,
he f.>xprt'ssed his fears that there won' d
be trouble. II Oh," sa.id one of them,
II McLean, you're afraid. " "Y e
." h.
said, "I am afraid we will be cau,!:ht nap-
pin
," and su"e enough there W&S not a
soldier in the tuwn when Mackt'nzi
9!!!-
sembled his forces at Mont
omerY'8 Hill
When the bells ran
out the alarm bp., with
his eldest son, John, took his horses
and 'toing to the old fort they got ar.
tillery ha.rness, and lumberir.g up a twelye.
pounder, drove to the City Ball, where
thp Joyal people were a.ssembling. As they
drove up the word wt'nt through the hall :
II Hue come the rebel
I" A hundred
(Cun!!! were levelled when Íortunately they
were recogniz'd by Chief Jmtice Robinson.
In the attack on Montgomerv'/! Hill
J ud
e McLean commanded the lef
wing.
Hp. Wa'i after'ft'ard. .ent to WashinKtoo

.

68

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

with despatches to tbe Britisb Minister,
aBd wht'n en rouU would have been taken
Ð8 a hostage by the sympatbiz
re of, Mac-
kenz"e, who was then on Navy Island,
h&d it not b2en ior the care of his warm
pen!onal friend, though political adversary,
Ma1"l!hall S. Bidwell, who, with some of
the leading people of Rochester, kept
watcb to prevent anyone from seizing h:m.
Hi8 career on the ben(;h is ('ne of the tradi-
tione oi the Law Society. His judiment
in the celebrated Anderson case excited
more popular feeling and gratitude than
any judgmellt ever delivered in Cenad8o.
On the retirement af Sir John Robin-
son Judge McLean was appointed Chief
Justice of Upper Canada, and in 1863
he was made President ûf the Court of Ap-
peal. He died OD th9 24th of October,
IS65. in his seventy-fifth yeal'. At the re-
quest of the Law Sxiety an.J the profes-
sion generaily his funeral wag a public one.
h commenting on his death th
Upper
Ca7tada Law Journal wrote I1S follc..ws:
II The manner of the late President of tbe
Court of Appeal upon thp beI'ch was dig-
nified and courteous. Unsuspicious and
utterly devoid of anything mean or
petty in his own cha.rac
er, his conduct
to other
was always what he expected
from them. The profession g >nerally,
the young student 80S well as the old practi-
tioner, will long remember with affection
his courtesy and forb2ara.nce in chamberR
and on the bench. Others will think (Jf
him as an entertaming and agreeable com-
panion and a. true friend, whIle others will
call to mind the stately form of the
old judge as he approached and en-
tered St. Andrew's church, where he was
a constant and devout attendf.lnt, rain or
sun8hine, until his laet i1lness, which termi-
nated in death. Archibald McLean was
a man of remarkable and commanding
presence, tall, straight and well formed in
p rson, with a. pleasant, handsome face
and a kind and courteous manner; he
looked alJd was every inch a mln and
a gendeman. He belonged to a race most
of whe m have now passed away--the
giant8 of C:lJ1ada.'s early hi!tory" He
was one of those hone>-t, brave, enduring,
steadfast men lent by Providence to lay
the founJation of a country's greatness.

rhe Iuner al cortege p! oceeded to the N e-
cropolis, where, timid.t the sOl'rowof all
who knew him, were deposited the mortal
remains of the Honourable Archiba.ld .Mc-
Lean, the brave soldier, the upright judge,
8.nd the Christian geut'eman I ..Mrs. Mc-
L
an, who survi..ed her husband, cam9
of Hi
hland descent, her grandfather
beinl?; the man who accomvanied Dr. Carn-

eron, brotber of Lochiel, hh first eousin,
to Scotland 80fter the forty-five. Dr.
CAmeron was taken, and was tbe last
man executed. Her vrandfatber was par-
doned and offered a commission which he
declined. He emigrated to Canada ana
aB<isted in the dtfence of Queb 'c, being
one of the deienders of the Sault aux
Matelot. where Montgf'mel y was killed.
One of his sontl Waf! killed during the
siege. He was offered p:!.ymøllt for hill
services and for hill bouse, which was
burned by a shell, but the old High-
lander rep1ied: 'I take nothing from
the House of Hanover.' .Mrs. McL?an
died in 1870, leaving seVen
hildren,
four sons and three daughtHs. Of the
sons John NdJ, the eldest, died at Pres-
cott in 1875; Archibald G. is 8. bflrrister
in Tcronto; Thomas A. was an e fficer in
the Queen's Own at Ridgeway, anà
ub-
sequelltly raised and comm:mded the To-
ronto Garrison Battery. The youngest,
Neil, lives in Brockville."
An a.dmirable fuU length paint-
ing of Chief Justice McLean exists at Os-
good, Hall. The (!rounds about the old
home::\tea<Ì have been reduced in extent un-
til now th ere are only about three a.cr
s. The
entrance is now from Catharine street,a short
and comparatively new street opened by
the Hon. George Crookshank. anrl pampd
by him in honour of bi
daughter, 1\h-
.
Stepht:n Heward. The s:te of tb
house
W&8 once selected M the location for a drill

hf'c!, bu
, th
pri
c 8.slt<<:d, $42,
, was
conlidered too high, and the purchase was
not made.

CHAPTER LXXX.
BANK OF UPfER CANADA.
The Earliest Bankln!r In8tUntion In (Jpper
Canada, Which. Arter a !!Inc.-eufnl Man,
alremenl or Nearly Half a CentRry, ('Iu.ed
. U. Duur..
At tile legislative se
Slon 0118Zl wa.s an-
nounced the royal assent to the Ac
pas
ed
in 1819 for the im.ttLlticn of a bank which
was to be situated at York, the seat of gov-
ernment ot the province, 80nd was tò be
known as the Bank of Upper Can-
ada. The stock wn.s not to f'xcercd
:E200,OOO. It wa.s to be ('pened when
the deposit amounted to L20,000.
The Government was allowed to subscribe
for 2,000 shan s, and it 'Wal5 òec1al'e..i tbat
the institution migbt expue by lImitation
in 1848. The bank began busineS3 some-
where ab:>ut 1822, taking the corner part of
the building which is still Iotanding at the
south-fast corner of Kin
and Frederick
streets, the entrance to t he bank being on
i'red
rick atreet_ The v&ult of the ba.nk-

LANDMARKS OF TORON'ro,

269

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270

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

net much like vaults now&day
-ma.y still
be seen a.t the wes ern end of the cella.r.
The waIl is of brick, about a foot thick at
the front, but much thicker at the aides Pond
rear. The interior dimen!<ions are about
three feet square. The door is of iron, half
an inc:l in th,cknesa. Two locks like ordin-
a.ry door locks, on1y stronger, were relied
on to defend the treasure. At the point
where the vault is located the outside
foundation wan of the building is over
three feet throuvh and of st?ne. The bank
occupied thesp. premises quite a number of
years. The incorp:>rators of the bank were
\ViLiam Allan, Robert C. Horne,
John Scar:ett, .f1'ranci
Ja.ckson,
\VilIiam Warren Rtlrlwin, Al x mder
Le
ge, Thoma.. Ridout, Samuel Ridout,
D'Arcy B::mltOl1, jr., \Villid.m B. Robin>>on,
Jam s .Macaulay, Duncan Cameron, Guy C.
\Vood, Rùbt:rt Anderson, John S. Baldwin.
Mr. William Allan b 'came The first presi-
dent of thf' bank. The bUf>iness of the
bank growing too grea.t for its cra.mped
quarte:'s at the corner of King and Frederick
streets, a fine structnre wag erected at the
north.east corner of Duke and George strests,
to which the bankin{! bnsiness was removed.
In the midst of the agitation which pre-
cede.i the M'tckenzie :'ebellion. a. commercial
crisisa.idecl thepubli' discontent. Sofal'asthe
Bank of Upper CanadL\ and Mr. Mackenzie
were concerned, the case is thus related by
Mr. Charles Lindsey. .C In May, 1837, the
New York banks
nspmded specie pay-
ments, and those of Montreal folowed. In
Toronto the Bank of Upper Canada was
looked upon as the prop of the
GovernmenCi, and it.; was p:'ob.:\b!y as
much for palitica.l as commercial rea.SOns
that Mr Mackenzie advised the farmers to
iCO to the counter' of the bJ.nk and demand
specie fOl' their note8. At
he same time he
ha.d small confidence in the security which
most of the banks then gave for the re-
demption of theit. issues and it must be ad-
mittùd that thE' pn..viom couduct of the
ma.nagers of the most irnpol'tant of these in-
stitutions in refusing to answer reasonable
questif)ns put to tnem bdore It committee
of the House was not calculated to inspire
confidence. As a poli ical weapon &!Zainst
the Government, an attempt to drain the
banks of their specie by c: eatin
a p !Dic
could have no sort of ju"t,fication . xèep in
times of revolution. While Mr. Mackenzia
produced a. run upon the Bank uf Upper
Canada. a. resort to armed il1surrection was a
contingency to which many were looking with
a.lternat
hope and fear, hop
that it
might be aYoid
d, fear tha.t it would I
come. " The Bank of Upper C:.mada

k _ ÎD.Ileniaua
aD of ðøht_

ing off the wolvell tha.t wished to
carry a.way its gold and silver, leaving its
own promises to PlY in their place. The
notes were pa.id in silver. and time waa
gained in the countin
. The b
nk kept a
number of its own friends at th
counter
asking specie and what was p \.id out to
. hem during the dny wa!! trundled back in
a whee:barrow at nizht. A strataO'em of
this kiud had "the double
dvant-
age of eco:1omizin
the specie
and by pro'ouging the specie payment tend-
ing to restore confiJence. If the Upper
Canada bal'k
had susp 'nded specie pay-
rnen
their charters would have been liablt:
to forfeiture. Chiefly to p:nvent this re-
sult Sir Francis Bond Heu.d called an ex-
traordinary se sion of the legis'ature on the
19th June. in i:he c
u s
of the sesi>ion
which lasted a.bout a month, a bIll of
pro pective indemnity for pu'suing such
a course was P_\PS
d. In the mean-
time the Commel'cial Bank at Kin

tou had
suspended and th
Farmers' Bank at To-
ronto stopped S30n aften\',\rds. The Go\'-
emment loaned ;1:100,000 bv the iasUè of
debentures to the B:tnk of Upper Can",da,
;1:30.000 to the Gore Ba!lk, anà ;1:40,000 to
the Commercial Ba.nk. But wh,m th.: re-
bdli"n came the suspensiol! of sp 'cie pay-
ment fo:Iowed. \V m. Proudfo
t aftf'rwa.rd
became the head of the RUlk of Upper
Cd.nada, an imtitution which in the in-
fancy of the country had a mission and ful-
filled it, but which
rievously betra.yed
those of the next generation, who, relyini[
on its tra.rlitionary sterling repute. con-
ti ued to trust it. In the days of the
bank's decline Mr. Cassels, engaged at an
annual salary ot t n thousand dollars, was
I xDEccted to retrieve the fortunes of the in-
stitution, but in vain, althou
h for a num-
ber of years after bdng pronounced
moribund it continued to yield a handsome
addition to the income of many persons.
For nearly half & century after its estab-
lishment; the bank did II. ,",ood business, but
at length it became embarrassed, bnrdëned
with unsalr'ab'e land", taken as security: &nd
failed in 1866, The prop.:rty was then pur-
coo. ed by ; lle Christian Brothers. a.n or-

anizJ.tion of the Roman Catholic Church,
and -was dedica.ted De La Salle Institute, a
school for boys conducted by the Brothers.
Since its first Durchase two additions ba.v,'
been made to the eastw!Iord. The property
known a,> D, La. Salle Institute and St.
Michael's t'chool now \:omprises the
Ot8
numbered from tweDlY to twenty-eight
Duke street inclusive.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

271

CHAPTER LXXXI.
DONALD M'DONALD'S HOUSE.

..&. Queen Street Dwell I air, De.troyed In 1887.
A.lJloelaud WU... Two GeaeraUen. of
U...dl.a Public Ilea.
For jUlit onr fifty year. from 1836 Itood
on the lIOuth ealt side of Queen .treet, 80 few
doors to the west of Spadin80 avenue, a
hou.e closely aasoci&ted with the locial
and political life of the province.
Thi. residence wall a rough. cast frame
buildin
with a short flight of .teps from
tbe front door descending to tbe street.
It W&l'l erected bY' W. B. Jarvis in 1836, its
fint occupant bf'in
the late R. G. TUrner.
. Mr. Jarvis afterward II occupied the dwel-
hDg ó10nd in 1850.01d it to the late Honorable
Donald McDonald,
ho reaided there until
his death in 1879.
Mr. McDonald WSII tbe eldest son of
Alexander McDonald, of Inverness-Ihire,
Scotland. and came to Canada about 1817.
He filled tor many years the office of auista.nt
commissioner to tbe Canada Company.
In 1858 Mr. McDonald was elected a mem-
ber of tbe Legislative Council of Upper
Canada.. This position he continued to hold

ntil l)ol!-federation,.
d Wt.R .ubsequently

enator lD th . Domullon Parliament.
. .Mr.

Don
ld II married very early
I
tbe forties. Frances, daugb ter
01 Judge Jameø Mitcbell. of tbe
London J?istrict court; tbey had a
a large famlly. Mrs. .\1cDonald now relides
in Los Angeles, California (1893).
Mr, and Mrs. McDonald were famous for
the lavisb bospitality tbey extended to tbeir
large circle of friends. all well al to transient
visitorl to the city.
T
e offi
ers of the nrious regiments
Itatl
.n
d .lD "Toronto dnring ..he U fifties"
and IIlXtleø were constant visitora to the
honle, besides otbers wbo were noted in
politics or other walks of life.
After Mr. McDonald's death his widow
resided in the house for lome little time.
When sbe.left To
onto it was put to various
u.ses, and In 1887 It was pulled down and its

It
, as well
tbat of the beautiful garden
lD Its rear. dllposed of for building purpoles.
CHAPTER LXXXII.
WRECK OF THE MONARCH.

A. Frelsbt Steamer 'Wrecked la Her "'Irst
Sea\on on tbe bland B.ck of PrIT.t.'
Hotel.
The I
amer Monarcb, Captain Sinclair
Itranded about: five o'clock on Saturday
morni
. November 29tb. 1856. on tbe
other side of the Island. At the time tbe
IInow was falling beavily, witb a strong lea

from
he ead and it wa
very dark. The
ca
talD who was on deck. jud
ing of hÙllo-
catIOn by the length of tim
whbh he took
to c
me from his last stopping place,
conceiTed that he was west of the
li
hthouse point and turned his boat to-
wards tbe city when discoverinll; his mistake
he endeavoured to turn out towards the
lake again. A heavy sea. drove her on to
the shelTing clay wh
n sbe stuck fast. Her
deck load was completely wa,hed off and h '>r
hold filled with water, and it was with diffi.
culty that the crew got ashore. A
dally pap
r of tbat time Bays:
Ie The boat liell in a. bad position.
but as the '" ather is moderatin
sbe waI
suffer no harm for a day or two. In the
mea.mime the "gent in this citv of 'he
North-'\Vestt'rn Inaurance Comp-;'ny has
tele
raphed t
Oswego ior a stea.m tug and
pump. by which means sbe will likely be
got off. Botb vessel and ca.r
o are insured
to a consHerable extent. The iusurance on
the boat expiring yesterday, Sunday. She
was huilt at King9ton at the commencement
of this season, and is owut'd principally by
Messrs. J. & D. Shaw. of Kingston, and
the cap
ain." The steamer went ashore im-
mediately in the rea.r of Pril7ats'
hotel. not more tl>an fifteen yards from
the beach. The bow of tbe boat
pointed towards tbe west. Tbe side of
the hull t(Jward the shore did not at the
time appear to haTC' luffered any Tery
material Jd:1mage, but on the lake
side, part of th
bnlw&rks had b>en washed
awa.y. The Ihore for a mile and a half to
the westward was strewn with the remains
of tbe goods that formed the deck load.
Empty sugar hogshead
, ba.rrels of fj-h,
bales of dry-
oods, cases .,f stationery,
packages of books and furniture, straw bedl
and m"ny other tbings, amo:lg them several
Cd.Ses addressed to tbe Legis1ative As-
sembly. The .ea W&S very hi
b when
the steamer went ashore, for the
oods 'Were
all thrown up far above smooth water
mark. The purser had a narrow
escape from bping wasbed oTerboard,--bnt he
lIucceeded. though Dot without much diffi-
culty,the Iie:hts haTin
been all extingnished.
in savinll his most imDOrta.nt books, The
cargo of thp Monarch - consisted chiefly of
sugar and fish belon
în" to the Mesar..
Mitchell. of Toronto, all of which W&l'l in
sured. A great many otterl had
OOOIl
a.board. A quantity of 1I;0ods belonged to
Messra. Birrs. McCuaig &; Co., of Hamilton.
The Tessel was valued at $40,000. and ahe
was insured for $30,000.
On the Tnesday and Wednesday foVowing
tbe Saturday of the wreck there WILlI a vio-
lent .torm which broke the hull 9f the Idon.

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ORONTO.

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]..ANOMARKS OF TORONTO.

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27

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

from England 3S fecr tary to Lieutenant.
GOTervor Sir Fra.ncis Bond H 'ad.. Mr.
Frank J08eph, a descendant of Mr.
Joseph iB now living in Toronto. Pre
vious to the 1Inion of the Provin
e8 in 1842.
Mr. Hagerman was Attorney-General. He
wa.s earnestly opposed to the union. After
its consumma.tion he was made Judge of the
Queen'.; Bench. Judge Hagerman afterwa.rd
g-t.Ve up hia residence at the corner of Wel-
lington and Simcoe BtreE-is to Mr. Nantin, a
rich West Indian, who died there about
1847. He himself m')ved into the next
house east on \V ellin
ton street, now a
boarding-house, where he dipd shortly after-
ward. Subsequently the Ha.
ermap mansion
passed into the possession of John Wil-
loughby Crawford, a lawyer and &he partner

oÌ Chief .Justice H,'garty. He made the
h')use his home until his ap-pointment &I the
third Li,;,utenant-Governor of Ontario in
1873, a post which h
held until 1875. 0:1
- I his remoTal to Government Houle h'e trans.
The lIa.llon or Jnd
e naa:Lrman. A..fter- ferred the P ro p ert y to the Provinci I G v-
wardlOccnpled by Llent.-GoTt'rDor Craw- . ., a TO
ford and Now ()'Beo for Governmena ernment. The mam bulldmg, known as î ork
omc... Honse, has been used for the Attorney-Gen-
At the north-east cornor of Wellington I eral's offices, and. the ,addition to the north-
and Simco
Btreets stand8 the three storey ward as the IwmlgratlOn Bureau.
bri
k building with towering chimneys and -
a verandah in front which is shown in the CHAPTER LXXXIV.
accomp.'\nying illustration. To the north A ONCE POPULAR HOTEL.
adjoinin6: it on Simcoe street is a two storey
addition. Shortly before the Mackenzie re
belIion of 1837, this house was built by
the Hon. Christopher Alex. Hagerman, who
had moved to Toronto from KingBton which
he had repreeented in p3.rliam
nt. Cum-
pared with the standa.rd of dwÆings in
those days the Simcoe street dwelling was a
tine mansion, the main building being used
aB the family residence and the addition as
Mr. Hagerman's law office. Contrary to the
custom of the period but a small yard was
connect!!d with the house, not more th'l.n
now usu:tUy adjoinB a city dwelling.
Ålthou
h Mr. Hagerman's looks were some-
what marred by an accident to his nose,
which gaTe his tace a peculiar appearance,
he had his portrait plumed and imbedded in
the wall of his house. Neither was his facial
deformity a bar to success in 10ve:makinJl
for he waa three times married, once to a
Canadian lady and twice to Eng'ieh ladies.
During his occnpancy of the house it was
celebrated for itB hospitalitv. H"! enter-
tained largely, and gaTe royal dinner parties.
On the occasion of the return of hi8 eldest
daughter from a visit to England, he gave a
Jl:rand ball in her honour, the memory ot
which still lin
ers in the minds of old
gentlemen, who were then
a.llant bf.aux.
This lady was shortly afterward mar.
ried '" Mr. Joseph, who came A&ere

arch in three places and caused all hope of
cetting her off to be abandoned. A part of
the machinery of the Monarch was aaTed.
Her carQ'o was a total loss, with the excep-
tion of five hundred barrels of fish whieh
Bhe bad on board. The Monarch waB a new
freight B'eam\:'r plying between Montreal
and Hamilton, stoppiDg at Toronto.
In 1862 Captain Richardson reported that
the breach in the late pc
nineular was about
half a mile wide and that the old line of
beach had mOTed so far that the boilers of
the wrecked Mona rch once hl
h and dry on
the beach with its top about ten f
et abt)ve
the sulface of the lake was then in deep
water about one hundred yards out in the
water.

CHAPTER LXXXIII.
YORK HOUSE,

Norah-welt Corn..r or <<:bnrch and Welllna:-
ton
treet Formerly tbe Ontario Honle,
a.d Later the WelllDa:aon Heael.
Where the Bank of Toronto now stands at
the north-west corner of \VellinJl:ton, or as it
was once called. Market street. a.nd Church
was built in th
days of Little York. a hotel
in a stylE' then common at Niagara Falls and
in the United States. A row or lofty pillars,
well Jl:rown pines in fact, stripped and
smoothl3 planed, reached from the ground
to the t-avps and supported two tiers of 'lal-
lerie" which running behind the columns
did not interrupt their vertical lines. At
first it bore the name of the Ontario H(\use,
and itB first landlord was '\Villiam Campbell.
Mr. Campbell at one time kept the North
American Hotel On Front street, wh"re Mac-
donald's warehoU'ie now is. In The Patriot
of May 23, 1837, is found this advertise-
ment :-" North American Hot el, Front
stre!!t, Toronto, '\Villiam Ca.mpb'
l1, grateful
to his friends and the public for past favours,
beVB leave to inform them that he has this
spring refitted the above establishment in It.
superior manner, and solicits II. continuation
of their liberal patrona,g-e." The succeSBor
of Mr. Campb81l in I he management of the
Ontario House was John Hutchinson. In
1837, the proprietor was David Botsford,
and in The Patriot of May 23, 1837, and
several successive dares. appear! the follow.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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276

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

mg a.dvertisemeut under thr> head in" of a
picture of a.u old-faghionerl stage coach
dra.wn by four horses: "Ontario House,
Toronto City, Upper C3.nada. This large
and commodious pt>tab'ishment is now newly
and beautifully fitted up for the reception of
;alies and gentkmen visiting Torontp; its
accommodations are S{ c.)\' d to none in Cal;ada
fa point of comfort. The fp1.cious gallery
and pr('menane render it pJ.rt\cularly de-

i
htful as they over!ook thp harbour, city
al:d its environs. The parlours are sp:lcious
and elega.ntly furnisbpd with bedrooms at-
ta
hed, airy and pleasant The beds are
lar'te and double. well suited for !\ummer or
winter. and it may not be amiss to state that
they are warranted free from vermin or in-
3
CtS of any kind, and will be kept s(). Toe
table will b
supplied with the chûÍcest of
the market, and every attenticn will be
a.fforded that is DOfsible für the comfort of
the guests. A splendid pian ')forte wi"h a
choicg selection of mus:c Ïor the US3 of la.die&
or ger;t
eme:). Strangers vi8itili
the NIa-
gara. Falls to spend a season, might while
&Way a. few days very p"easa.ntly in visiting
the C' pi' 801 of Upper Canada; the streets 801',-
m1.cadam;z'd, consequently the driving is
d liJ.{htful for several miles round the city.
We have a garrhon containing a regiment of
IIOldiers who on parade make a beautiíul dis
piay wirh Ih!ir full band. The :?plendid
.teamer Transit plies daily. !eaving Qu
ens'
ton a'ter the C1rriv;l1 of the passengers from
Buffalo and the Fall!', say I û'clock p. m.,
renderin
it an ea-y and plea.sant .-bV's ride,
The Unta.1'Ìo Houge is most convenient to the
II'itarf and the bu
ine
s pa.rt of the city. A
hggage cart will always be in attendance at
.e boa.ts to carry baggage free of expense,
!Iud the proprietor looks forward to the
.pening of navigation for that patrona.ge
which Ids exertions merit. N.B,-For the
1ICcommodation of the coun TY g
ntry wish-
æg to dine before leaving town th. dinner
flour throu
h the summH season will be at

p.m. Extra dinners furnished on the
abo"rtest notice. Char"es reasonable, a.nd
WIIs of fare furnIshed to every gu st. Con-
idelJi'y hoping that all e:xp
ctations may b

lfI:'al z
rl I sub
cr;be myself t.he pub'ic's mIJ4
ievoted and humbleservant,Da.vid Botsford."
The proprietors of :he; O,ltario H0use up
to th
time it became the Wdlington hotel
were :-William Campb,.lI, Mr. D
ering,
Thomas P<,a.:-son and Hi: i:m G. B -rnard,
!r"m 1839 to) 1841 inclusive, Mr. Hutchin-
Iron wh ) form.rly kept the City Ha.ll and
Da.vid Botsford. Mr. Campbell was pro-
pdetor of I he 01 ta.!'Ío Home befor
he took
ihe North American hOrf-!. Thorn:J.s Pe!l.r-
&on had the North American from 1843 to
1846 He was succ
,('ded bv Geor(!e C,

Horwood. At thin time Jam: B ßpll, known
among his acquaintances as "Biaz" Be
J. was
the landlord . f the Sir Fra.ucis B .nd Head
Hote', a famoui Torv resort during the
Macke1'zie troubles. situ'lot.ed on the we3t
side of Church street. a little above Colborn'.}
fltreet. A
the same time Russel Inglis wa.s.
th> assistant of 'WiIli;:m Campbell in the
management of the North Am'ric'an Hotel.
The Examiner of M'IY 14, ]845. anD<.unces
that the \Ve,lin
ton Hotel has been newly
furnished by Me. rnglÌ1
, who for seven
years superintended the :North Am'dcan
Hotel, while occupied by Mr. G,mpbdl.
B311 aud Ing'is are the nam's at the foot of
the aòvertisement. About a year after
taking possession of the Wellington, Mr.
B
'l1 died. Mr, Inglis m,trried his daughter
and continued to condu.:t the business. He
afterward managed Weller's liDe of sta
e8.
The Wetington Hotel was a. very popular
hostelry, pa.tronized largply by people from
Whitby, Cobourg and Hamilton. and by
member
d the le
islature when in session.
On the ground floor at the cornel' of the
main building as shown in the accompa.uy
ing illustration, was the dining-room, a :arge
hall with one great table running down it

length where all the gUP.8ts sat, each. as was
the custom of the days, with a bottle of
sherry or port before him. for c'aret was but
little drank, and. champagne had not reach ad
its subs quent popula.rity. Unlike the
custom of the present time all the
dishcs were p aced on the tablp
at oncp, anl everyone helped himself.
The meals were breakfast, lunch, dinner
and tea. The p:-ices for transient guest"
were a dollar a day Or for perma.nent on's
from four and aha. f trJ five dollars a week,
Next to the dmingroom were the uffice an,i
reading-room. Beyond that, in the addi-
tiol1, was the bar-room, and at the corner
of the two storey exkn,ion W'ioS a pdvate
sitting-room. This was the first room
which Willi;1m Lyon Mac:":enzie entered in
Toronto on his return f10m hi8 lonS{ exile.
Several JOember
of his family had assem-
bled to meet him, alld from there be went
to the house of Mr. McIntosh on Y onge
street, whl'n a !'mali riot took placp. From
the extension a large wing ran back.
Althou
h the rooms of the Wellington were
l,rge, they were not numerous. and under
the managem"nt of Mr. In..:lis the hotel
a.cquired 8uch a popularity that he was
compelled to rent ! he two upper floor8 of
the Coffin House Block, at the gore fOlmed
by \Vel.ington, Front a.nd Church streets,
for the accommod,
tion pf his guests. ilnd on
the vralls of this buildil1" m:1.V still be de.
ciphered the sign, WeUiDgton Hotel. The
water front at this time was not bu:It UD.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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278

L
NDMARKS OF TORONTO.

and a fine view of the bay W&8 to be had
from the piazza.s of tbe hotel. 1?he sta
e8
from the east, west and north stopppd here,
brin
in
in their daily influx of
visitors. From eighty to one hundred
persons daily p&1.took of the hospitalitY'
of this housc. lit connection with it were
(xt nsive sta.bles on Colborne street, near
Church, which were pulled down only a
short time ago. At the rear of the hotel,
from Wellington to King street, formerly
ran a thoroughfare called Henrietta street.
This has been closed up and the la.nd taken
up by the roadway divided between the
property-owners on botn sides Not far
from the Welling:on was anoth'-r hotel
called the St. La.wrencf', a.nd in The Patriot
of May, 1837, E. McElderry advertises :-
.. For bale or to let, that well-known house
the St. Lawrence Hotel, in Market street.
corner of Y onge street, facing the bay a.nd
near the steamboat wharf, being in one of
the heaithi
st parts of the city and centrally
located. The house is spAcious and roomy,
havin
upwa.rds of forty ap3.rtments, laid
out in the neatest ms-nner and in thorough
repair, with a. handsomely fitted up bar-
room; also stabling, with an excellent well
of w a. tel' in th e yard."
On giving up the Welling-ton Mr. Inglis
took and for a lon
lime managed the
Western Hotel, on the north side of Wei.
Hngton street, between Scott and Y onge
streets. The Wellington sank to th,- ievel
of a. tenement house, and was afterward
torn down, and on its site was erected the
p.resent Bank of Toronto. When it was de-
molished the wood of the pillara W80li found
to be perfectly solid.

CHAPTER LXXXV.
OLD ST. ANDREW'S.

Sketcb or the Old (;Iuareh ahat Stood OR the
S. ,V. (;orner or (;hul'ch and A.delalde.
j!'ifty years ago, when the population : f
Toronto was 5,000, there were three Pres-
Lyterian con
regations in the city: One,
MI'. Han'Ís', which worshipped in a small
church on the site now occupied by Knox
Church; one, St. Andrews, of whi.ch this
a.r
icle gives the history: and one. the
United Secession congLe
ation, afterwards
better known as the Bav stree t PI'''sbytHiall
Chut ch. which was orgi\lJized in 1837,
though it had no settled pastor be
ore t
e
inductiml of the late Dr. Jennmgs m
.1 uly, 1839. Old St. Andre-wa. Church
wa.ø orp:an'zed in 1831. Hon. William
:Morris, or' Per[h, was a member
of the Leeislative Assembly of 1830.
and connected with the Church of Scotland.
One Sunday mornin'{ wbile on his way to

the Episcopal church he passed the ruins of
the ÍQrmer Parliament House, and the light
suggt'sterl to him the possibility of securina
the ruined building and conv(orting it into
a place of wOl'"hip in connection with hi.
favouritc church. Perhaps the contempla-
tion of these ruins dCI ained him; at all
cvents, he wns late at church, and ju,
t &8 he

ntered. the Episcopalian clel k was readini
the 13211<'1 Psalm :-
.. I will not go into my house, nor to my bed
ascend;
No soft repose shall close my eyes, nor sleep mJ
eyelids bend,
Till for the Lord's desilrll'd a'bode I mark the
destin'd ground.
Till I a decent place of rest for Jacob's God
have fOIJnd."
The coincidence so impressed him that
the impression became an inspiration to
him; the next day he called a meeting oj
his associa.tes. who were of like faith, a.n
organization was formed, subscriptions re-
ceived, and the list bears the names of some
of the mo;;;t promintnt men of that time,
amonu; them the men of the 7lst and 79th
Hi
h;ã.nG rel/:iments th{'n statio.old at York.
Thus the accidental reading of those par-
ticu:ar lines on that particular
unday
morning just as a certain man who happen-
ed to be tatt' wa.s entt'ring an Episcopalian
church, origmated the Presbyterian church
iJ1 Toronto. The corner stone of the build-
in,!! was laid in June, 1830. On 19th
June, 1834, the üpening service was ..eld in
the church. It was an unpretending brick
building, plastered externally to represent
stone, with a tower-a steeple was added
a few years later from drawings by Mi'. J.
Q, Howard-erected at the south-west cor-
ner of Adelaide and Church [streets, The
church was dedicated one year later, with
R'_v. WIl1. Rintoul as the firtlt pastor. He
was aftt'rwardl:! Professor of Hebrew in
Knox College. Rev. W m. T Leach,
who .l.Íterwards became an An-
glIcan mInIster, was the second,
and the late Dr. Barday occupied the
pa.stOl'ate
8 years. When the com r
tone
was removed a few years ago fra
lI1ents of
the Freeman and Gaulte Wt re fouod wrap
ped around the Lottie, which contained,
among other things, the names of the first
trustees. They were:- James F. Smith.
Thomas Carfrae, .11'., Jacob Lathan'. AJex-
ande!' Murray. John Ewart. Hugh Ca.rfrae,
Walter Ro,e. The minute book cf 1830 is
kept in the archives of St. Andr('w's church
on King street. and Ì3 a.n interesting. neat]y-
written book, with the money matters aU
recorded in HaJifax currency.
W hen, in 1843, a la.r'{e portion of the
Presbyterian church in Scotla.nd aeceded
antI formed what is known as the Free
ChurcÌl in Scotland. Rev. Dr. BUfn8 came

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

279

-5T. A
jlTf.\--
Qi\lMH ,

)

Dyer io Cana.da as a representative of this I Ameng the prominent disruptionists were
latter church, and advocated a. disruption Hon. John McMurrich, Hon. Isaac Buch),nan.
of St. Andrew'!!, while Rev. Dr. Norman James Shaw, Wm. Ross !lnd Peter Brown.
Macleod came to represent the old church. Amon
those who rel1la
ed lQY_al to th.e old
The represt'ntation of Dr. Burns met with I church were Hon. Chief Justice McLean,
tlO much sympathy that. in 184f. a consider- Lieu' .Col E. W. Thomson. John Cam-
able portion l.f 81. Andre\t:s cùngregation eron, John Robertson. John Jacques and
withdrew and dec1ared its alle
ance to the I Hugh Scobie. all deceased. Perha.p3 George
Free Church. The outgoing party united Michie more than any other was ïnaCrg,-
with the Irish Presbyterian church and to, mental in holding the old congreR:ation
-
gether they formed wbat is known as Knox I gether. Jutlge Wilson. Isaac C. Gilmour
ehurch. Later the Irish element of Knox and Henry Fowler were also amone the
aburch withdrew and formedCooke's church. loyal adherent.. a.nd of lateI' d.
. Wm.

186

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Mitc1.eU. John Kay, Alexandt>r T. Fnlton,
Robert Hay, Geo. H. Wilson, .Tames Mac-
lennan and the lat
James Bethune. Hon.
Oliver Mowat was at one time a manager of
tit!' church; the
ate An2us Morrison, at
one time mayor, also stood by the old
church.
A cli pping from the British Colonist of
15th March, 1838, shows that at that period
tbe kirk was in want of a prec 'ntor. The
adver, isement reads as follows :-
PRECENTOR
W AXTED - FOR ST. ANDREW'S
Church-he must be perfectly capable
of teaching voca.l music and of leading
a choir, and he must be of good moral
character. A pplications to be made to
Mr. Wm. Ross. corner of King E..nd Yonge sts.,
by whom the dnties and emoluments of the
office will be made known. Toronto. March "
1838.
The Rev. D, J. Macdonnelll!-ucceeded D..
Barclay, and on the building of th9 new S '.
Andrew's, on the corner of King and Simco]
streets Mr, Macdonnell went with the
majority of the conp-regatian. Fifty-('ight
of the original con2re
ation decided to Ie-
main in the old chu ch and in 1876 the Rev.
G.M. Milli
&n, of Detroit, was called to the
pastorate. The old chnrch was snbsequent-
11 wId tor $12,000 and a new church built
on the corner of Jarvis and Carlton, where
th
('on
regation now wor3hips under the
cart! of Mr. Milliga.n.

CHAPTER LXXXVI.
THf. RIDOUT HOMESTEAD.

'l'lIe BesldeDee or Surveyor-Genera. Rldou&.
'1M S..lor :tlember ID (:aDada or 'be Ex-
'e..lve Family or thai Name.
So early &s IS00:--Mr,-WIlIIá,n Bond had
established in York a. nunselY garden and
introduc'd t h('re most of the u.e;ul fruits,
In 1801 Mr. Bond was àevisin
to sell his
York. property &8 appears from a quaint ad.
vertisement in the Gazelte of tha.t year. He
therein adverthes his lot as follows: "To
be given away, that beautifully s:tua.ted lot
No.1, fronting on O:Jtario and Duchess
.treets; the buildings thereon are a small
two and a half storey house with a
a.llery
in front whiçh commands a view
of the lake and bay, in the
cell.r a never fa.iling spring of
tiDe water and a stream of tine water ran-
ning throul.{ lone corner of the lot: there is
a good kitchen in the rear of the house and
a !;ta.bJe sufficient for two cows and two
hurses and tbe lot is in good fence. The
conditions are with the person or persons
who accept cf the above present that he, she
Dr they purcba.ae not less than two thousa.nd

apple trees at three shillings New York
currency each, after which will be added &s
a funher tlres( IE about one hundred apple,
thirty peach and fourteen cherry trees
bfsides wild plums, wild cherries, English
gooseberrie!<, white and red currants, etc.
There are forty of the a.bove apple trees
as also the pea.ch and cherry trt>es planted
regula.r as a.u orchar,l,much of which appeal'-
ed in blossom last spring, and must be con-
sidered very valuable, also as a kitchen gar-
den will sufficiently recommend itself to
those who may please to view it. The aboye
are well c"lculated for a professional or inde-
pendent gentlEman, being som.::what retired
I\.búut half way from the lake to the late
Attorney-General's, and opposite the town
farm of the Hon. D, \Y. Smith, aÏterward
Mr. Allan'g property. Payment will be
ma(!e easy. A good ùeed and poase8-
sion given at any time from the
first of November to the first
of May next. For further
particulars enquire of the subscriber on the
premises, William Bond, York, 82pt,',
1801." The price'expec
ed was $750. On
this occasion Mr. Bond's pr. perty did not
finã a purchaser, aDd in 1804 he adverti"ed
it again, but now to be s lId by auction with
his ri2ht and title to a lot on Y ons;ce street.
The Gautte of Aue:ust 4, 1804, has this ad-
vertisement :-" To be sold by auction at
Cooper's tavern in York, on Monday, the
twentieth day of Angnst Dl xt at eleven
o'clock in the forenoon, if not previously
disposed of by p:-ivate contra.ct, that
hi
hly cnltivated lot opposite B
nnett's
printing office containing one ø.cre t()gether'
with a.lIursry 1 hßreon of about ten th 1U':!and
apples, three hundred p:ach and twent1
p
ar tre( sand 801\ orchard containing forty-
one apple trees fit for hearing, twenty-seven
of which are full of fmit, thirty peach apd
nine cherry trees full of fruit, besides black
and red plums, red and white CUr."io1lt
,
Euglil!-h gooseb -rries, lilac8, rose bu.shes,
also a very rich kitchen gal'dfa,
The buildins;cs are a
wo and a hIll storey
hous(', a good cel1a.r, stable and smoke-honse.
On the lot is a never failing spring of ex-
cellent wate:: and a fine creek runniD

through one cornpr most pa.rt of the year.
The above premises might be made ver,.
commodious for a gentlema.n, at a sm1.11 ex-
pense, or for a tanner, brewer or distiller,
must be allowed the mos& convenient place
in YOlk. A view of the pri'mises by any
person or p::rsons desirous of purchasing the
same will be snfficient recommendation.
The nursery is in such & state of forward-
ness that if sold in from two to three years,
at which time the apple trees will be fit to
transplant. at the modera.te price of olle

(op. 280)

---=----.....

..

THE RIDO

---.:::

,

'I )MESTEAD.

(op. 280)

-
-
00

H
E.

l

I

L)

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

281

shillinu each, would rep 'y a sum his usual cos
ume of the antique style. MI'.
d(1uble"'that asked for the whole and leave;L Ridout was one of the pewho
ders in St.
further gain to the purchaser of the lot, James' church from its commencemEnt and
buildin
s anj ðourishing orcharde thereon. W&8 churchwarden in 1818. He wa.s one,of
A good title to the above and posse
s:on the subscrib(:rs in 1822 to the fund for build-
given I:.t any time after the 1st of October ing two bridges over the Don. As
next." This prop
rty was the northern Surveyor - Genera.l he laid out in
portion of what became a.f erward. the 1819 tht: six aCl. Equare field
homestead plot of Mr. Sun-eyor-General north of the St. James' church plot, which
Thomas Ridout, sr. The Ridout home. was originally known &8 College square,
stead, which was of frame, stood and was intended to become aud continue
on the north side of Duke street, for ever an ornamental piece of Jtround
50 or 60 feel; back from thE. roadway. around an educational institution. In ISH
a little east of the head of Princess strf'et. 1th. Ridout div;ded the great
pace origi-
The entranC'e was from Duke .treet. Two nally s
t apart as a reserve for Government
views of the house a.re given, fine from the buildings into a number of moderate
south, the other from the north. The pic- sized lots, each marked on the
tures a
ompanying this article were made map of that date with toe esti-
in September, 1858, by Mr. H. P. R mated yearly rent in dollars a.s reported
Crea.ae. now one of the Superior Judges in by the Deputy Surveyor S:.lmuel S. Wilmot.
British Columbia.. On the rignt hand of In 1801 Mr. Ridout was one of the sub.
the first one giving the front view of the scribers 10 the improvement of Y ong.
old Ridout house from Duke street is the street. In 1806 Mr. Ridout was Clerk of the
old Indian buria.l ground which was on the Peace of the Home District, a.s the followinQ;
bank of the stream which ran throu
h the IIdvertisement in the Gazette of August 6 h,
valley from Moss Park and thence pas
1806, shows :-" Notice is hereby given that
John Small's property to the bay. Further the commissioners of hi
hways of the Home
to the rear will be seen the paling which District will b
ready on Saturday, the 23rd
surronnded th? pr:vate
raveyard in which day of the present month of August
the m
mbers of th
Ridout family were at eleven o'clock in the forenoon
buried. The old houses in the foreQ:round at the Government buildings, in the town of
were occupied by a shoemaker who lived in York, to receive proposals and to treat with
one of tht:m up to a recent date. In the any p..'rson or persons who will contrive to
extreme left will be seen th
tower of St. open and make the ruad caned Dundas
James' church as it appea!ed before the street, leading through the Indian reserve
spire was complete, ana to the right is the on the River Credit, and also to erect a
tower or Splr
of old St. Andrew's church, brid
()ver the s.JÌd river at or near where
at that time on the corner of Adelaide and the said road pa.sael:!. Also to bridge and
Church Btreets_ The other picture presents causeway in aid to the statute labour such

he rear view of the home taken f"om the road passing through the Huron Di3trict,
oppol!lite side of the valley. The figure in when such worke are nece38ary an] for
the foreground is Mr, Thomas G. Ridout, the performance of which the said
cilshier of the Bank of Upper statute labour is not suffident. Thomls
Canada. The structurf', which is Ridout. Clerk of the Peace Home District. ,.
stiJl to be Been in its primi. From 1816 to 1819, among the scholars at
tive outlin
s, is a Q:ood specimen of the old the Home District Grammar School, were
type of early Canadian family residenc
s of Thomas Ridout, jr., Francis Ridout, John
a superior dass, combining the qualities of Ridout, Charle;! Ridout and Horace Ridout.
solidity and durabilIty with those of sl1ug- Mr. S Imuel Ridout was for a time Sheriff
ness and comfort in the rigours of winter of York County. It was John Ridout, the
Bnd the heats of summer. In the young son of Surveyor,General Ridout, who
rear of Mr. Ridout's house was was killed in a duel on the morning of July
for some time a family burial plot, but 12. 1817, and it wa'! from the o'd hom'-
like several similar private encIOEun:. in f>tea.d on Duke street that he started behre
the neighbourhood of the town it became da.ybreak, accompa.nied by.. friccd in his
disu
ed after the establishment of regular teens for the field where he met his death.
cemeteries. .Mr. Ridout wa.s the father of
a numerous prC'geny and trib,tl head 80

o speak of more than one fami:yof con-
nt'cti<.'ns settled here beariug the same namp.
He was a fine typical representative of the
oheerlnl, benevolent-minded En
lishman, of
pOl t,y form, his hair .now wbite, Datura.!ly.

282

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER LXXXVII.
THE YORK MILITIA.

.....e &eelmen.tal Ordera raaaed to tbe Flra'
We.t Yurk IIIUtaa Before and A.ner tbe
Outbreak or tbe Jlackrnzle Rebellion.
At the end of 1837 the agitation headed
by MACkenzie bad developed to such
an extent that an outbreak wal ex-
pected hourly. On the lali; day of Oc-
tober Sir Francis Bond-Head had refused
the offer of do volunteer company to guard
the Government House, preferring to wait,
as he expresscd it, till the lives or p:'operty
of her Majestv's subjects should require
defence. To the veJY last the Lieutenant-
Governor refused to resort to any measure
of precaution against the threatened insur,
rection. On the second of Dècember a
Freemason, who resided in Markham, in-
formed Captain Fitzgibbon that bags full
of pike heads and pike handles had
been collected, and that he had ob-
served a 1 the ii:Ïgos of a rapid:y ripening
revolt. C,.ptain Fitzgibbon sought out
Judge Jones, to whom he rep,)rted what
he had heard. They went before the Exe-
cutive Council to
ether, where the stR.te-
ment was ODce more rl peated. Mr.
Justice Jonrs lxclaimt:d: .. You do not
mean to say that the-e p op'e are going
to rebel!" Cap'aill Fitzgibbon repJied
that undoubted!y they were; when Mr.
Jones, turning to the Lieutenant-Gover-
nor, contemptuously exclaimed: "Pugh!
pugh!" The length to which the judge
carried his obdurate scepticif:m may best
b. illustrated by the reception he gave
Captain Fit:.ogibbon on the night of the out-
break. "The over-zeal of that m'l.n," he
complained. "is
i ving me a l1reat deal
of trouble." The insurl'ents were a1ready
at Montgomery'g, Nor it! his all. Sir
FJancis BOild-Head made it a matter of
boasting I hat in spite of the rt mo.astrances
which, from almost every district in the
province he nceived, he allow. d Mr. Mac-
kenzie to make deliberate preparation for
revolt, that he al.owed him to write what
he chose to say, what he ch0!;.e to do,
t hat he offered no oppositiÏon to
armed assemblages for the purposo of drili.
Nor òid he rest satisfied with doinJ!' Doth-
inQ: to check preþarations, the nat ure of
which he understood 80 well; he encouraged
the outbreak. For this purpf)se he scnt
all the troops from the province, and
boasted tha.t he had laid a trap to
entice Mackenzie and others into revolt.
The leaders of the local militia had not
bt:en whol1y idle, however. There had
beeD drïIls and prtparatioD8 looking to an
& tack on the city.

The Weekly Register of .April 2õ, 1822,

peaks of the 'Vest York Militia in OOD-
nection with the account of a presentation
of colQurs by Sir Peregrine Maitland to a
militia bat t:tlion on the occasion of the
anniversary of St. GeorJ{e. The report
reads thus: Co Tnesday, the 23rd inatant,
being the anniversary of St. Geor/it8 on
which it has been appointed to celebra.te
his Majesty's birlhday, Geor
e IV., the
east and west legiments with Cap ain But-
ton's troop of cavalry. which a.re attached
to the North York Rgim
nt on the
I'ÌQ:ht, we
e formed in line at eleven o'olock
in the forenoon on the roa.d in front of tàe
Government House, and a Q:uard of honour,
consisting of one hundred rank and tile
from each regiment, with officer8 and ser-
geanlS in proportion, unòer the command
of Lientenant-Colonel Fitzgibbon, were
formeà at a short distance in front of
the centre as the representatives of the
militia of the province, in order to re-
Ci.'ive the rich and beautiful colourø which
his Maje::;ty has been gracionsly pleased
to command shou!d be prepared for tfte
late incorporated batta1io.a &8 an honüur-
ab' e testimony of the high sense which
his Majesty has been pleased to enter-
tain of the zeal and gallantry of the militia
of Upp'::r Canada. At 12 o'clock a royal
salute was fired from the Garrison, and
the Lieutenant-Goveruor with hIs staff
having arrived on the ground prcc
eded to
review the widely extended line, after
which the band struck up the N ati6nal
Anthem of 'God Rave the Kicg.' His
Excell , ncy then òismounttd, and accom-
panied by his staff on foot, approached the
Guard of Honour so near as to be dis-
tinctly heard by the men, when, un-
COVt rin
himself and t3.king one of the
colours in his haud. in the most dig-
nified and gracpful manner, he presented
them to the proper (Iffic
r with the follow
ing address : ' Soldiers, I have great satis-
faction in pre",enting you, as the repre"enta-
tives of the late incorporated ba.ttalion,
with these coloùrs-a distinguished mark
of hi
Maje-ty's approbation. Tht:y will
be to you a proud memorial of the past,
and a rallying point around which you will
gather with a'acrity and confidenc"!
should your active services be nquired
hereafter by your Kin
and country.'
His Excf'llency having remounted, the
Guard of Honour marched with band play.
in
and colours flying flOm right to lett
in front of the who
e line, and then pro-
ceeded to lodg
their colours at tbe
Governrnent Houp-e." The pap
r &J.ds:
.. Thø day Wall raw and cold, and thE'
around heina very wet ø.nd unevelL the 111811.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

could neither form nor march with that
preci
ion they would otherwise haye exhi-
bited. \V
were very much plea.scd. how.
e....r. with the soldier-like appe80rance {If
the Guard of Honour. and we were par-
ticularly struck by the new uniform of the
offiCf'rs of the W fost York as bein
partic-
ularly well adapted for the kmd of War-
fa.re incident to a thickly. wooded country.
Even at a short distance it would be diffi-
cu: t to distingui&h the gray coat or jacket
from the bole of a tree. ï'bere 19'&8 a. vel y
fuU attendance on the fiflld, and it wa.s
particularly
ratifying to ob5ene as much
sa.tisÎactlOn on all sides. The coloul s,
..vhich are very ele'Zant, are inscribed with
the word 'Nia.grua.' to commemorate the
services rendered by the Incor"porated Bat-
taJion on that frontier, and we doubt not
that the proud distinction which attends
these ba.nners will always serve to excite
the most animatin
recollections whenever
it sh.n be necessary for them to Wb.Ye
over the heads of our Canadian heroes
actually formed in battle array against
the invad
rs of our country." Appended
are'tiven the regimental orden issued in
1837 and 1838 :--
Lt. .Col. James G. CheweU.
Major George T. Denison.
Captains :-Thos, Denison, B. Turquand,
Thos. Fil!her, J. C. Godwin. R. N. Hard-
ing, Walter R03e, Clarke Gamble. Wm.
Stennett.
Lieutenants :-John Powell. R. i.. Deni-
son, John Caldwdl, Miles B. Stennett, Ed-
mund Riùout, Colley Foste
. George S.e
-
man, Wm. Spragge, Geo. P. Ridout, G. D.
\Yelll!, \V m. Boulton. Theodure Hart.
Ensi(Cna.-AuSlustus B. Sullivan. GEO. T.
Denison, Alex. ShaW', Wm. Je.s, Coates.
George Shaw. Edwin ü. Fisher.
Qr. Mr. --1. .M urchiBon, A. Dixún.
Firat Regiment W. York Militia.
Toronto, 29
Iay. 1837.
Re'-!t'L Orders.
i. CJ.pta.ins commanding, a.nd Officers in
charge of Companies. will warn their Com-
panies to ö.ttend Genera.l Muster on Monday,
5th June, next. at ten o'clock a. m.. to as-
semble on the ground nt'ar the Toll G80te on
Lot street. in rear of the Garrison. The
limits of the several CompJ.nies remain the
aa.me as la.st year.
2. James Anderson is appointed Sergeant
Major. Robt. Stanton,
. CoL C'm'g.
First Re
t. West York Milit.ia.
Toronto. 13th Dec. 1837.
Re
t'l Order.
Lt. Col. Chewett w1l1 take the necessary
mea8ures for carryinR into eff
ct the accom.
pa.nyiIlit Militia General order :-

283

He wi1l cau;;e such officers as may ba 80t
disposal to takA such s('ct:ons of the city
(within the limits l f the Regt.) as he may
deem proper for duly warning all the meD
to attend muster who are off duty. specia.l
care bein't taken tbat such 1108 a.re known to
have hitherto evaded doing any duty be
ca.lled upon to a.ttend.
N ominallists are desired to be kept ot a.1I
per"ons warned to attend muster.
Capt. and Adjt. Turquand will communi-
cate with and assist Lt. Co!. Chewett on
this l'ccasion, and will be p:e .sed to report
to the Col. Com'a on Friday evening next,
at 6 o'clock.
(Sgd) Robt. Stanton.
Col. Com'".
Adjt, Genl's Offi
f>. Toronto.
13th Dec., 1837.

Mil. Gen'I Order.
His Excellency the I
ieut.-Goverftor will
inspect the ls
. Ea.st York or Toronto Regt.
and the 1st \Vest York or Toronto Rej;tt. on
Saturday next. .t 12 o'clock (noon), in front
of the Parliament Buildings.
Col. Stanton and Lt. CoL Duggan will
take immediate measures for calling out the
above Rej;t'ts with exception how
...el' of
such men as actua.lIy may be engaged upon
active military duty.
The formation will be in open column of
c0mpanies right in front of the first East
Y 01 k on the right of the line, and front 'of
the column.
By command.
W. O'Hara, A. A. Gen. Mil.
Field states to be handed in to the Asat.
Arljt. General :m the grounà.
W. O'Hara.
It is ne::essary tha.t the Sed
nbry Miliii.
of the town should furnish two officers aDd
fifty men daily to p!Lra.de &t the Parlia.ment
House, at three o'clock p.m.. for duty un.il
further orncrs. Each Regiment should
furniah one ûffic
r and twenty-five men.
and commanding officers should make their
arrangements according y.
J. B. Macaulay,
16th Dec., 1837 Col.
!at W est York Mibtia,

e
imenta.J. Orders. 17th Dec., 1837.
Ko. 1. Captain Gamble will be plea
ed to
w&ru 25 men and 9. aer
eant of his company
to mount guard to-morrow afternoon ;, t
3 ú'clock. at the Pa.riia.ment HoWl.. H.
wi11 take the first 25 men on his list. Mr.
Fitzv.era.ld is attached to the company pro
km, who wilt assist in carryin
these orders
into effect.
N o.
, Captain Gamble will at the same
time 8olao èe p
uaed to warn the next 25
men on his list and . non-comm'n officer
"> be on aua.rd at the same pl800e and hour

284

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

on Saturday next, the 23nl in
tanti they
will th('n have timely notice.
No.3. Captain Gamble will have the
goodn:>ss to furnish the Adjut. with a nom-
inal list of all persons liable to Militia duty
within the limit of his comp:1.ny, and if not
aÌl-t&dy dOl:P', will anpoint at lea8t three
aergeant3 to the company.
It is unåerstood, thar, in all C&8:S where
m
n are regularly warned and cannot at.
tend, they will be required to find a substi-
tute.
By order of the Lt.-Col. commanding.
(Bign
d) B. Turquand, Capt. Adjt.
To Capt. Gamble,
1st West York Militia..
An offic
r will be required to mount
guard with the men a
reeably to Mililia
General Order of the 15th inst.
B. T.
Similar orders have been this day iSilut'd

the followinl! officers, notifying their
rCIJJ;ectiYe appointments a8 hereunder, viz :
To Lt. E. Ridout for this day and Friday
the 22nd, MI'. Kent attached i to Capt.
Gamble for Monday, th
18th, and Satur-
day, the 23rd, MI". Fitzgerald attached i
to Capt. Rose for TU
8day. the 19
h, and
Sunday, the 24th; to Lt. Coates for \Yed-
nescl&y, the 20th. and Monday, the 25th;
to Lt. Da; ton for Thursday, the 21st, and
Tueeday, the 26th.
ßyorder.
(3igned) B. T.
ArJjutant General's Office,
Toronto, 20th Octob
r, 1838.
Militia General Order.
The officers commanding the 1s
Re
i-
ment (,f Ea.st York. and the bt Regt. of
W('s& York Militia will Immediately call
()ut from their rf'sp2ctiYe regiments for a
-
tiye .ervice until1urther orders a force con-
øiating of the following numbers :-
Capt_ Subs. Sergtf'. R:mk
and fi e
100
100

1st East York
1st WtstYork

1
1

4
4

4
4

Total. .. . 2 8 8 200
The officers in command of the above
R'!gimcnts will communicate wi"h the As-
sistant QU:J.rter Master General through
Colo:Jel I. S. Macauhy for th" purpose of
proyidin
the necessary quarters.
By command.
CSigned) Richard Bullock,
Adjt. G,meral Militia.
A"I many of the corps as can be advised
should be warned this evening, that. in the
{'yen d any alarm of fire or otherwue they
ahould parade immedia'ely opposite th<;!

Government Buildin
8 and wait for oi.'ders.
(Signed) I. S. Macaulay.
25th October, 1&38 Vol. Militia.
Col. JaB. G. Chew
t..,
Com'g W ('st York.
R
g'm mtal O.der. 26_h October. 1838
In oi:'e:lieDce to the Militia General Order
of the 24th inst_ Capt. Gamble is rfquil't:d
to warn 100 men of his comp.1ny to hoM
themselves in reël.diness for active service.
15
h Nov, mber, 1838.
Regimental Order.
1. In the event of Capt. Gamble not
b
ing able to furnish the requisite comp
e,
men" of men from his own company in ac-
cord"nc
with the Militia General Order of
the 24th ult., he will warn from Capt. Mc
Knight's comp,lOY wha.tevt'r number of m"o
may be found necessary to fn up the Ya-
ancy.
2. Lieut. Dalton and En,>ign Powell are
attached to the compauy on service, and
will immediately report themselves to Cap.
Gamble commanding.
9th November, 1838,
Re2imental Order.
Officers in comlJlsnd of companies will.
immedia.tely upon the receipt of this. in-
form the officers, non-commissioned officeril
and privates of their resp.'ctive compilOies,
that, in case of any alarm the Pa.rJiam
nt
Bu:ldinc-s is the place of meeting for the
1st W est York Militia, and that it Ì-I re-
quested I h:J.t f;very exertion will be used by
officers to secure a prompt attendan::e.
J. O. Chewett, Lt. Cot
1st West York.

R
gimenral Order.
1st West York ,1\:IiJitia.
With reference to the Resrimental Order
of the 9,h inst., pointil1g out the Parlia-
ment Bui!din
s a8 the place of meetil1i for
the ht \V est York Militia in C1se of suddeR
alarm, the enclosed plan, showing the posi-
tion each comp lOY will respectively take on
coming to th
ground is transmitted to your
c tre, and the CuI. dcslres you will be par-
ticular in seeing that it be properly 9-
plained and understood by the officers,
non-com'd cfficers and men bt:longing to the
compa.ny under your command in order to
p,'éyent the possibility of mistake or con-
tusion in such an event.
No.2. The complDY drill of the re
ment
will recomm nee ard will b3 con"inu
d in
the following days re3p 'ctjyely un:il further
orders, viz :
Comp ny
No.1 and 6. Noy. 24, 30, Dt'c. 7, 13, 19, 25
2 and 7, Nov. 26, D
c. 1, 8, 14, 20, 2t:
3 and 8, U 27, .. 3, 10, 15, 21. 2ï
4 and 9, 28. 4.11,17,22,28
" 5 and 10, " 29, " 5, 12, 18, 24, 29

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

285

a-
ueh $Íme and pÙ1C3 .. m.y be found
most oonvenÏt:nt for tbe company. Officers
in comm!.nd \\ ill be pleased to report 1 he
II&m3 to t be Colonel and furnbh . fie
d state
of each drill, together with the u,ual re-
turn of a.rms and 3coou-rement&. etc.. e
c,
Toronto, ro h Nov. 1838,
Ordered. J. G. Chewet
,
To Major TW'quand, Lt. Col.
1st West York.
Plan showinj;t the position of each com-
pany in case of sudd
n alarm :-
No. 7 No 8

ö
z

YARD

Z
9
c:c

No.5

I No 6
PARLIAMKNT
BUILDING. \
::g I
No. 1 No.2
J. G. Chewett, L.
Col..
1st West York.
Sce Mili:ia Geueral OrdE'r 19th Nov., 1838.
"lr1iliti. .. II 24rh ..
" Mi;itia II 24th
TOIonto, 27th Nov. 1838.
Regimental Order.
With reference to thg Militi. Gener.l
Order of the 24th O:;tober, to provide a
fOIC
for (
u y from the 1st West \::ork
Militia, c()nsistin
of 1 C,\pt., 4: ßubs., 4:
Sergts. and 100 rank and file, and orders
from the Commandant of Militia d this
day, I nave to direct that dncers com-
mandin
eompanies will furnish the J1um-
b:!r of men oppo ite their rt'øpec:ive names
on Saturday, the 1st December, at 9 a,m.,
opposite the Parliament Bui!dingil to re-
lieve Captain Gamble's c')mp\ny.
Capta.in ROBe, 1 sergt. 16 rank and file
.. Wm.rd, 2" 30
Trd, 1 16
B\in

, 11
Hawke, 15
Saxen, 8
Boulton, 4:

No.4
I Wei't
Win

4: serlt!!! 100 rank and file
In feture absentee
will be punished as
the law directs. Officers will notify their
men to that efLct.
Offic 'rg to ccmnnnd the above force .re :
Captain Willard. L". Coates. Lt. Wake-
field, Emdgn Tay'or and EllSi't,) Fitzgibbon.
J. G. Cbewert, L
. Col.,
1st Weat York.
Note :-Copiell h.ve b:!en forwarded to
tbe offieers CI mma.nding compa.ni
s. J.G,C.

CHAPTER LXXXVIII.
O'NAD
SDEFENDERS

MeD. w...
.. Berols. .AlIIsD.red the ExtlLte..ee
.f a 8eeond ..rea'
att.n. .u this ConUDIIDS
-Øo_e WeU-&uowa Nam.s.
Durin
the
ummer of 1812 there was &
muster of all available men in Richmond
Hill .nd the adja.cent townships about half
a mile south of the viHage in front of Cot
Fulton's, now the V anderbur
farm. 'Ihe
Richmond Hill LibPTal
ive8 an account of Ï't.
This was a personal inspection by Sir Isaac
'Brock.
Atter the customary drill under the eye of
the- commandeÎ':in-chief the J{overnor- re-
quested that all who were willing to 'to to
the front f01" active service to advance one
IItep forwal-d. Ev
ry man all ahng tbe line
took the sTep but one. and he, perhaps,
thinking of 8 home surrounded by loneli-
ness and a hmily that DJight be left
without .. bre&d. -w;nnrr. hellitated;
but only for . momenr.
for almost immediately. he, too, stepped to
the line. It wu not; lon2 before some of
thelle men had their patriotism put to the
test, for the lame fall many a veteran
had to shoulder the musket that had done
duty at Brandywine and G
rmantcwn, and
many a yonn't Canadian who had never
hea.' d the cannon roar marched away from
all that was dear to them t,) the tune of the
II Brithh Grenadilrs," many of them to reo
m lin to 611 the gh'l.lItly trench at
Niagara, where 1riendl a.nd foe so recently
II.fI'l\yed in deadly conft.ict We re laid un-
coffined side by awe to await the bu
le call
that shall summo 1 them to tt-e l&8t review.
\Ve are told of two brothers of the Canadian
militia who, at Queenston Hei(!hts, fought
side by sille in defencE' of th
ir Canadian
homes, when, in th
moment of vic.
tory, a shot pierced the lunQ:3 (If the
younger, a youth of seventeen years, and
he fainted and fell. The brother c1Mped
h:m in his arm!!, and, amid a tempest of

hot a.nd shE'll. bore the dyin
buy from the
ibId and h,id him on the grass. He revived
for a moment and, with a loving, Jingerinst
look into hb brother's fa.cp, while the He
blood ebbed from hi8 fatal wound, he fp.ebly
bl'eathf'd, "Kiss me, Jim- Tell-mother-
that- I - was"- not-afraid-to-die !.,
when the blood gushed from his
mouth and the brave spirit took
its flight. Many as fearless of death as he
were referred to by the
al:a.nt Brock, when
he. struck by thE' bulld of .n Amerioa.n
aharpshooter, while the death-:ig(>ny was
upon him, sh:mted: "N l ver mind me. Push
on the Y Ol'k volunteers." Those were tim
ø

296

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

of
rief and sorrow, for it is .aid that there
could not b
a gathe' ing of any kind, even
iB the f&r woods, but in the rU'ltlC congrf'-
gation a widow'. cap or a bit of crape would
m0w that 'isolated as they were
Shey had not been u.lecatheð by the
horronl of war-and all along the
front when the sun ro
e on th
tragic scenes
of the s'opes of the Queenston Hc-ights, of
Chippewa, Lundy's LoI.ne and Fort Erie it
shone upon the pa:e, colò f.wes of many a
young Canadian, the pride of some homt>.
E ,rly in the fall of 1812, while the reg-u aI's
and 'the volunteers were assi4ing Gen-
erals Brock and Shpafle at the front,
the York mili tia were ordered to York to
defend tht: town and cc hold thp. fort." Capt.
John Arnold's company, the 1st R giment
of York mi i
ia, consiated of fifty me \.
m1.ny of whom did duty that willtp.r at the
b,uracks. In looking over an old parch-
ment-bound must
r roll, issuerl by the Gov-
ernment durin
the e.-entful pf'riod between
1812 and 1815, we came upon the followill

well-knowr namell :-
John Arnold,caprain ; Jam
s Miles, lieu-
tenant; Menler, em
i,gn; ser
eants :-Sam
uel Forrister, Jacob Brown Christopher
tIilts, John La.nJffltaff. Among the privates
-David. Sp!'&gue, . Henry ProctOT, Thos.
j',iaby, Obelliah R')dgers, Jo
eph Woodarrl,
J no. Malnarà, Peter Stover, Henry Phillips,
Simon Teal, Abraham Van Horn, Joshua
Hemrnenway, Jacob and Charles Lunaw,
John Ni,gh, Jacob, John and Geor!l:e Hilts,
Mark Shdl, Joseph WaIls, Dan Horner,
Christian Hendricks, J,;hn Fierheller, Aquil-
III. Bennett, Fred Quanc", John Stiver,
Richa.rd Srooks, Johli Tipp, Allin Perkins,
Henrv Teal and William HI) lin1!'shead.
Ther
is al8') a list of all th
Tunkers and
Mennonites living on th" 3rd and 4th COD-
cession of Markham, within the limits of
Capt. Arnold's oompa.ny. Am")ng these are
Ba.kers, Doners, Eyers, Ni
hs, Shells,
Stake!eys, Htisie", Horners and Hoovers.
These name3 are intercstinlZ to us, &S they
ShðW who were some of the early aettlers in
this loca.1i
.

CHAPTER LXXXIX
MARYVILLE LODGE.

'!'he Dome of 8arveyor.General Day-Id W.
Smith. with Two Early }laplJ of Work,
8howlilK 11.'i Lo
a&loD.
Among the pilmeers who came to lork
in th
train of ('-rO"'8n1or Simcoe was David
W. Smith, Surveyor-General of the new
province.
Mr. Smith be2&mE' the posseasor of

about 20,000 acreg in the province, and
WII.! th,. original owner' of 1öhe park lo*,
wi1ich constituted. the Moss Park estate.
In fact he owned about one-half of the
present T"ronto. He was tM author of
.. A Shorli Topogr'aphical Description ot
HIs Majestv's Provinc? of Upper Canada
in North America, to which is annexed a
Provincial Gazeteer," a work of eonsid..r-
able antiquarian interest now, pr'e-erYing
&.i it does th 3 e&rly names. native, French
and E'Ig
ish, of many p'l\OðS now known
by different app"lIations. A second edition
was pubïshed. in Lmdon in 1813, and
was designated to accompany the new map
publish 3d in that year by W. Faden,
Geograph 'I' to ths Kin
and Prince R
gt'nt.
The original work was comp1ed at the
desire of Governor Sirncof', to illustrate an
earlier map of Upper Canad.a.. In 1804
th
re were Lieuten,
nt:5 of -;:ountiea in Upper
Canada, an ùffice th,tt does not appear to
h1.ve been kept up, and amon,g them we
find the Hon, David W. Smtth as Lieut nant.
Governor of this county. In thi,; con.
nection it shodd bs stated 1 h tt there
is to-dav in th
Crown Land!! office, On-
tario, a-book c tIled I h!'! "Doorn,'d;
y Book,"
b 'Îng a re
ord of ("rants of land, from I he
beginning of the organ'z1.tion of Upp'r
Canada to th.. present time. Mr. Smi;h's
house was at the east end of the town.
It stood on the north side of Kin
stree5,
a little ea<:t of Ontario itreet, in a great
Tacant lot. The house which was one storey
high is shown in the il1usrration. It was
called \1aryville, and its location is
iven in
both of the maps drawn bV M". Smit.h in
1794, both of wh'ch accompa.ny thi. article.
The house f&cerl Kine street. At one end
was Mr. Smith's office. About two hutldred
feet to the ea.st of th
hcu8e wp.re the lIb-bles
anti outhouses. The house was built in
1794. It was ot frame, and owing to the
the fact that it was painted yellow, it after.
ward acqu;red the appellation of "The
Y e low House."
In 1800 D. W. Smith, as Act1n,g-Surveyor
General, issued the fo lowi g ad vertisement:
.. Surveyor General's Office, 19:h D
cember.
1800. Mr. John Stegman: Sir,-All per-
sons clairnin,g to hnl!l land in the town of
York, havine: bf'en required to cut and burn
aU the brush and underwood on the 8&id
lots, and to fell all the keea which are
standin,g thereon, you will be pleMed to reo
port to me, without delay, the number of
the particular lots on which it haø not been
done. D. W. Smith, Acting.Surveyor
General." In the GautU of March 14th,
1801, Hon. D. W. Smith is down a<; a sub-
sCl',ber for $10 for the opening and improv-
inp of Y onge street. In the GazeUe oi 1794

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 287

...

,

'

, '

,
,
"

',-

,..... , 'S;,
,....,
':\.

,
,

!

'-

.:',
,,

,

<

":

"-

-

,

\

'

'"
:..',:::::"

",

'
,

'f

"

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... ">

, '-

288

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Þ
:s

.
;:J

tv

þ
:)
Ø')

..
....
()
::J

MAP OF YORK ITS BARÐOUR AND YORK COUNTY.

we read the followinj;t notice:- u Su:'veyor I veyor in York. He was directed in 1801,
General's Offi::e, Upper Canada, 15th July, by D, W. Smith, as Actin
-Surveyor Gene-
1794. :Notice is hereby given that all p
r- I ral, to fxamine ani report on the condition
SQns who bave obtained assiø;nm<:nts for land of Y onge street.
on Dundas street, leadin
from the head of Years after Mr. Smith h&d ceased to
Bur]in
ton Bay to the upp
r furki of the 1 0CCUpy MaryviUe, the cotta
"tV&! taken
River Tha.með, and on Y onge street leading by Mr. CastIe, 8. school master, 1\"ho kept a
from York to La.ke SimcQf'. that unless a II<:hool there in one of the lar
e rooms of the
dwelling h()use shall be built on every lot I huuse. At the side of the building was a
under certificate of looati01l, and the same small f'xteneion where Mr. Castle u
ed tl)
occnpi>d within one year from the date of I imprison refractory boys for pulli-hment.
their respective a.ssignment!, such lots will Afterwa.rd a woman kept school therèJ for
be forfeited on the said road-. D. W. some time. The old house was torn down
Smith, Actin
-Sorveyo1" General. II In 1801 about fort, years a.
o. The two) maps
John Stegma.I., a G:>rma.n, who had been an I are from the collection p&pers recently
Ððicer in Ule H
ssi"n army, was the 8u1"- !lecured by the Public Vbruv tbr'JU2h tàe

LA
DMA&KS OF TORONTO. 289
E.AST PAR

TO PAR....
DIST
NCE

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j
f

DUCliE55 Sr, (....,

ç) V) ..
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ty \.)-
I'

COU/')c,1 OI{'C'P
C(JUeTIJJ'YH?J.1! Hovs e C TOU nd 5

.
I"lJI.E .,.
,,
r"'DTY'",ç
""", ,rsf.tr: 'I'fr
YOR)( HARßOR

MAP OJ' PA'BT OF TOWN OJ' YORK, 1794.
effort of Mr. B .in. The papers were COI- I the thanks of a.ll branches of the Govern-
Mcted by Col. D. W. Smith, lI"n of the l&8t ment nnder which he sen'ed and a bonns
British (fficer who commanded t.he :Forf-, of amounting \0 :1:3296s. 3ld. He succeeded
Nia.
a.I'a, given to the AmeriC&Ds in 1796' 1 to 11. baronetcy in Nortnumberland and died
CoL Smith, the younger. acceptc:d the in 1837.
position of Su neyor. GeDt'ral DDder GOY, The first map .hows the en
ir8 site of

imcoe iD 1793, and beld that (Iffic. until, York from the f'ast limit at the Don to
be
\
. Wbf'ß hf' I. Ù)e country be reoeived I weat limit a
the Garrison. It a.1so ."ow-
19

290

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the site of Ca!'tle Frank with a Government
Park, Scadding's farm tUld bridge over the
DOD, the Garrison and 'Vestern Block
House, Rl1
sell fquarc> (U. C. College

rol1nds), Simcoe place (Government
House grounds), a.nd the north boundary
which to-day would be about a mile north
of the Da.venport road. This ml!.p also
shows the harbour and peninsula, for in these
da.ys the eastern entrancß had not bef\I1
formect. The town plot is m'uked .. City
of York." The larger map :-:hows the
Govel nment House and grounds, south of
King street, on the !:lite of the old jail and
the 10ca.tIon of Mal"yville on the north-east
COl'D
r of Killg and Ontario streets. Th.
grounds were beautifully laid out.
:he
map" and elevation of the house arp. beautI-
fully drawn, equal to what could be done in
th
be<;t
rchitect'
office in Toronto to-da.y.
In 1799, aocordin
to a memorandum
written by John Sm ,ll, clerk of the Execu-
tive Council, the place where Toronto now
stands did not amount to much even as &.
\'iìla
e. The Executive at that time appa.-
rentlv were d' in!! all they could to populate
York, as the following will show:-Lots in
York, reserved for particu ' ar trade
: Nos
19, 18, 17, 4, fronting on Lot street; Nd8.
12, 9, on Hospital street; Nos. 6,5, on Rus-
s.l! street; No. 10, on N ewgl\te street The
whole lot are to be divided into haif lots,
und to be reserved fur per;;ons who shall
actuaily build and carryon the following
trades thereon, viz, :-Tinman, Blacksmith,
Sadctler, Wheelwright, Coop.
r, Sho(m
ker,
Baker.
In one of the bound vo
umes is a d()cu-
ment which interests Toronto properiY
hol..ìers of te-day. It reads:
Council Office. Dec. 29. 1798.
YONGE STRRET.

olice is hereby given to all pf'rsons fettled,
or about to fettle on Yonge Street, and whofe
locations have ßQt vet been confirmed by oroer
of the PRESIDEÑ'l' in Council, that before
such locations can be confirmed it will be ex-
pected that the following conditions be com-
plied with:
Th!\t within twelve months from the time they
are permitted to occupy their resvective lots
they do canfe to be erected thereon a good &
fu.f:lf'.ient dwelling houfe, of at least
]6 feet by

..
clear. and do occupy the fame in
Per/oil Oi "'" a. fubftantial TENANT.
JOHN SMALL, C. E. C.
John Small was the c,erk of the Honour-
able the Executive Council of U pp '1' Can-
ada,
\nd grandfather of John Small, M.P.
for East Toronto The Hon. D. W. Smit!l
:eturned to England in 1804 and in th

-ame yea.r he was Knighted. He died in
1817. WhiJ,ß in Canada the Surv, yor-
General was
n good terms with the nobility
and great Englishwpn of his time as his
]P.tter
sbow. He left b
hind him are,

mark able collection of a.ut(lQ:raph let
er8
and record!", now in the possession of the
Public Library.

CHAPTER XC.
THE CITY HALL-

TIt. Rome of the Mnnl(:lpal Fathers for the
"allt Forty Wears.
The present City Hall dates trom 18!4-4b.
It was designed by Mr. Lane, an arch t"ct
of süme repute, and åesis:{ned after the
Italia.n style. It cost oriJ!inally $45,000,
and was built by Messrs. McDonald &
Young. In 1851 it wal! altered &uå im-
proved so au to increa.<;e the cost to
$i5 , 000. Since that time about $ï5,OOO
has been laid out on the bui!ding,
making the gross ",xpendi ture to date in
the nei
hbourhood of $150,000. When
first built It was intended to supply the
w"nts of the corporation and give roomy
offices to the Mavor and offic also There
was a range .of shop3 there 011
each side of the main buildmg, while the
c
ntre bui!ding was occupied in the bJ.se-
ment by the police station ami cells. In
th
rear wa'! a large 'l.nd commodious vege-
table and fmit mark t-the first mark
t
being to the south at the water's edge.
Th
building has a frontage of 140 feet
with two wings of liS feet extending to
the bay. The police court was in the
room occupied now by the executive Clm-
mittee room. At So later pel iod it was
removed to the Bouth end of the west wing.
'rhis was when George Gurnett was P.
)1. About 1863 a verandah ran along
the west side of r;he City Hall building.
It WM &.t the north end of thi8 that
Gt"eenwood,the murderer, was rxposed in his
coffin after his suicld
at the ja'l. The excite-
ment was iptense,and doubts were expressed
as to whether the real G.-e 'nwood had
committed suicide, so the authorities ex,
pospd his face in his cGffin before
burial. The City Hall has been
c"anJ(ed c mpletelJ> and every year
some alteration is made. The Council
Chamber is the same as it was 50 veal'S
ago, except tha.t it has been re-
painted aDd decorated ami made more
comfortable. The patts of the building
fOf'merly occupied as
hopi! are HOW the
offic:,s of the City Treasurer and the City
Enginf'er. The old \"egetab' e ma.l ket
was liberally p:lotroni:il:
d, an,l in the old
days every house in the city used to <;end
for thdr vegetables to this market-of
course since an estab
ishment of ",0 mauy
shop3 where vegetables arc vendeJ. a.

LA
DMARKS OF TORONTO. 291

292

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

market specially for vegetable. has not been I L. Allen. who kept the inn under the name
needed. although many think a large vege- of the" Head Io
." In l
ter years it wu
iable market woul
-.:opular in Toronto' i kept by John Irw lD. the
laerman.
, , CHAPTER XCII.
CHAPIER XCI. ST. PATRICK'S MARKET.
TUE BOND-HEAD INN. -
- 1 1 'he Se
ond Public Markel In llat! Ut7'-
.&.a Old BOlitelry '1'hl
h Sinod on the Wf'st Eredf'd In 1836 em La.d GlyeR lor die
Side or c.:b..rcb Slref\1 Be'wf'en IUnE and Purpose by D' Ar
y Bou1&oll.
c.:olborne Str
e:8. On the north side of QUfen street west
About the year 1825 William COl"per. not I between numbers 234 and 240, stand3

however the wharfinger of that name, built small white brick buildinK surmounted by
a two-stOl'ey inn on the west side of Church a little towp-r. Altho't1
h it is not much
street, betwef'n King and Colborne streets. larger than a good si:il:pd butcher's shop, this
It was of frame, painted white with green I is a public market. In 1836, D'Arcy Boul-
ahutters. It was a. good sized house for ton gavo to the City of Toronto the land on
those days. but rather amall for modern which it stands, running b
ck from Queen

'1h
BONJ. Ue
d. Inn. J R 4-0-
ideas. Mr. Cooper conducted this hostelry street one hundred and twenty-three feet to
for ma.ny yea.rs under the name of Cooper's a lane. on condition that the corporation
Hotel. In 1836 it was taken by James Bell, should erect a market there, and that it
a bi
framed. big hearted landlorà. who should be maintained as a market tor all
afterwards kept the Wellin
ton Hote!. Mr. time. Before this the ]anCl was unoccupied.
Ben, to distinguish him from others of that It Was part of a lot ()riginally granted to
name, was popularly known as "Big Bell." Mr. Boulton by the Crown. and consi8
d
Sir Francis Bond-Head was appointed gov- of three eity lots. Soon after the gift had
ernor the same year that Mr. Bell took the been accepted by the city under the oon-
property. and he being a staunch Tory, ditions imposed by the donor. a small
named tbe ho
telry after the new governor. frame buildin2 was put up on it. This W88
the" Sir Fra.ncis Bond-Head Inn." and put the 8econd public ma.rket place in Toronto.
up in frf.nt of the buildinJ{ a swinging Sign It wa.s named St. Patrick's Market, because
bearin!:{ & portrait of Sir Francis wì:o was it was in St. Patrick's ward, wh:ch then
repres 'nted as utterin
the words: .. Let ext-'udEd from Queen street north to York.
them come if they dare J" the allusion being ville, and from Y on
e street west to a little
to an expression of hÜJ prior to the Macken- beyond Dundas
treet. At the time wt'St-
sie rebellion. This inn was the headquarters enders were anxious to have the market,
of McGraw's troop at the outbreak of the thinkill' it would draw residents to tha.
u::bellion. It was a great resort on the part of at. city and thereby enhal
oe
twelfth of July, aud was the stopping place I the value o' land. Amoni the property
for IJlaOY of the county lodges comin
into owners in the neighbourhood who welcomed
the city to take part in the Orange demon- the new mark"t, all of whom a.re dead now,
.tn.tio>)'" Mr. Bell was succeeded by GiJorge were: James konon, John Harbron, Dr.

LAND
IARKf:) OF TORONTO.

293

294

T,JANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Tims, William Flaherty and Arthur Clifton' l .t
re.
'hi
building, a saloon! 'Wall tht> fin'
Karl, tenants of butcher's stal's 'Were John brick bulldmg devoted to bUlmeøs purpolle.
West, John Crealock and Jonathan Dunn, on Welt Queen street.
the l.tter .t one time a member of the I CHA PTER X CIIL
Common CounciL In 1856 William Dunn ' --
had stall>> Nos. one and three, Wiiliam COX- I MISS HUSSEY'S SOHOOL.
enham had stal.l No. two and John Crea- Aa Zarly Edu
aUo nal J
ti1ullon oa Queen
lock stall
o. SIX. The market wa. small Sireet. t olldu
.ed by a JUnd &II 11'el1 as
and at no time could It accommodate a lar(!'er ('apable T
acber.
number of marketmen. After a time the I On the west side of Jamel street, about
frame building fell into decay and was re- .ixty feet back from that thorouQ:hfare, and
placed by the present brick structure, which I a short diet/mce north of Queen street,
in tnrn is fal ing int 0 ruin. The mal ket stands a square two-storey roughc&8t bnild-
did not fulfil the
reat expectations cherished , in't with one ot those hipped or cottage
by the rl3sidtnts of the west end, but they roof. that the early builders delighted in.

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ne
erthe'ess adoFted &8 . motto the Ipgend : I It il! now uno<::cupied, and showl!
ia'ns of
.'Let West Toronto Flourish." Subsequently dilapidation, and at no dist1nt day will be
the city bought the land extendin
north- torn dowD, for it standI! on the block selected
ward from the market piot to St. Gporge's I for the site of the npw court-house builtling.
church. This plot; is now called St. Pat- In this building Miss F.liz:I. Hussey kept a
rick's lI(luare. The land on which St;. Echool as ea'ly as 1831, and In \-Valton's
George's church now stands. was given to I ùirectory of 1833 4, we find on Lot street,
th.t øociety by the widow of \Y. H, Bculton, west of EIg-in, HUlsey'. Day School. In
Ion of D' Arcy Boulton 111 1838, Mr. , front of the bui'ding originally wpre three
TJlomaø Mara erected on the 10' inlmerli- one-storey buildiD
., with dormer window!!, .
&teI,. west of ihp ma.rket a thr.-e storey brick I on Lot .tl"Pet, and the entrance to thesch()ol-
1:Iuilding, the lir
t tena.nt of which was house was by a three-foot gateway from Lot
.Åag1ll McIntosh, who kept there . arooery street. Miss aU-ley continued in iÀIII

--/

d
,-

,,:

(op. 2!},t)

LANDMÄRKS OF TORONTO_

295

school until about 1854, when she ga.ve it Toronto Academy will be best remembered

p, and bec<\me desirous to sell the ploperty by the native residents of to-day, who havE'
for which sbe wanted ;(1.200, a mal tl r of gl'Own up with
he city. The four bdck
$5,000. She made a proposal to Mr. T. H. building
that originally pr(:cede:l the
Ince, to give her an annuity of ;(108 per Queen's Hotel were ordinary dwelling
year for her life. and on these terms she houses, e' ected by C.\pt. Dick many years
g-ave the deed. The property passed out of ago, and hiwing served. their time as dwel-
)Ir. Ince's hands about 1868. ling-houses were all thrown into one. and
Miss Hu'
ey's school is one tbd will be Knox's College wa, located there &f: a per-
rememben-d by many of the b(1Ys and girls manent institution. At the rear of these
of Toronto, now
rown into manhood and four buildings was the frame erectiou given
womanh
od. Mhs Hussey had the rt:puta- in the engraving, a plain building, olap,
tion of being an excc lent teacher. and her boarded. with Îls pnrch and belfry to give
schGol WélS pa.tronized by all who sought to importance to its front. It was calculated
have their t::hi dren brought up with a tho- to hold. and dId for that matter. about two
rough knowled
e of not only the four rulps. hundred pupils. and although it was teally
Lut some acquaintance with social deport- known to th:! public as Knox Academv. it
ment. wa.s in reality styled .. 'foron to Academy. It
Among the citizens of Toronto who re.. The first princlp1\1 of the school wø.s the
ct'ived their early education from Mi",s R
v. A ex. Gale. who atterwards removed
Hussey, are :-Mr. Thompsen, Mdmmoth to Logie. Muunt Albion. six miles from
Hous ; Mr. Wa kerf of the Golden Lion; Hamilton, where he kept school for many
Alex. H:lmiIton.painttr; and FrenchSnarls. years.. \Vhile he wø.s princ pal he was as-
Miss Hu
sey was kind ad well as stric.. f'isted by Dr. Laing and the late Thr,s.
She always kept some kind of lunch on her I Hennini', wh'Jse death was chronicled a few
table for any pupils that might be hungry. d ys a
o. Finally the College removed to
Miss Hussey died in Mr. John \Vightman's E.msley Villa on Yonge street. north of
houee a.bout fourteen or fifteen years ago. 1 the A venue, and t he front building,; being
lemoved for the Queen's Hotel, this build-

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T'f\.ON ro
,A Cf\d e
.
CHAPTER XCIV. l ing was removed still further ba the rear.
THE TORONTO ACADEMY. and was ns!:!d as an outhouøe. storeroom.
_ I and kitchen for the hoteJ. AmonJl the
Tbe Prepara&ory BoJ's' and &ibis' Mebool oa' i bo . ys who were pnpils at the Toronto Ac..
Front
&reet lhal SI.od a' She Hear or the derny were the late Thomas Mos8 after-
Quee... Botel. I wa.rds Chief Jnstice. Mr. W. A. R.auray.
Of all old .chool houses in Toronto t;he the newsp'\yer writer. Mr. Robert Sulliva.n.

29ð

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

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lhe BOJCwick.

lIOn of Judll;e Sullivan, and in latter days one am'used a fortune, aud 80S his death left a
of Upper Canada Colle
ð'. brighte3t pupils. handsome competency and likewise an hon-
Mr. Wilham Frf\øla.nd, now re3idmg on ßay ourable name. His property in York com-
atr.et, Mr. Langley, the architect, Mr. prised a square acre on the south-east
James Smith, the architiect, and Mr. John corner of King and Yonge street, a.ud when
Murray Smith, m!lonager of the Bank of selected, was no doubt int
nded as a site
Toronto in Montreal. Many men who have for a hou
e and garden which being on the
ma:le their marks in Cana.da received their outskirts would be convenient for business.
early trainini at the Toronto Academy. The acre cost four hundred. dollar.. To-
'fhere was one female pupil at this school, I day it would probably bring a million and So
a girl remarkable for her aptness at mathe- I half dollars, taking the Kin
street front at
matics an t classics, Miss Jane Gale, daugh- $2,00,) psr foot, ,he Y onge street; front at
tar of Rey. Alex. G..le, the principal. $1,0)0 and the Colborne street front at a
This young lady afterwards married the few hundrell.
Rev. Mr. Ingliss, of Hamilton. )1iss Gale Mr. Bostwick's house anà shop sliood near
had extraordinary ability, and it was the present Golden Lion. It was a storey
nothing uncommon for her fat;her, when and a half frame cottagø paint.d white.
Bome of his friends were at the house, The sketch is fr .m an old picture made in
k>> hand his daughter a difficu t Greek 1820. Among the subscriptions for a com-
or Latin author. a.nd request her to mon school we nnd the name Lardner Bost-
translate at sight, which ahe did with wick down for f:2 lOs, Mr. Bostwick, in
the greatest ease. In mathematics she was later yearR, resided in Y orkville Just be-
phenomena.l, and an intricate question in fore rt1aching Y orkyille commons, on the
mental arithmetic, t;hat would require an left, was an ornamental suburban residence,
ordinary mind four or five minutes with the fa.mily homestead of the Bostwicks. It
pencil and paper, would be answered was the first building in that locality.
by her in a few seconds,
1iss Gale
had a brother, Mr. Ja.mes Gale, who at one
time was a teller of the Commercial Bank of
Ha.milton, and he likewise had considerable
ability.

CHAPTER XCVL
ELMSLEY VILLA.

CHAPTER XCV.
THE BOSTWICK HOUSE.

The 80mI' of Captain Jobn Elnnley and
tbe Resilience Durlug Hil Stay iu To-
routo of Lord EI
lu.
Almost as SOO:1 as Governor Simcoe had
selected York as the capital of Upper Canada,
before the commencement of the prðsent
century, Chief Justice John Elmsley and
the first Dr. Macaulay .elected two a.djoin-
ing park lots, both of them fronting of
cour.. on Queen .treet, Dr. Macaula} 's

Tbe Flrd Keddence or LI,rdner BOltwlek
-'I'bf! Talu.e or tbe Property In 1810 au.d
Its Valoe To-day.
One of the worthiest of York's early set-
'lers was'Mr. Lardner Bos
wick. who by
thrift and energy frbm small beginnings

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

297

being bounded on the east by Y on
. street.
TÞey then effected an exchange of la.nd with
each other. Dividini{ these two lot
trans-
Tersely into equal portions the Chief Justice
chose the upper or northern halves and Dr.
Macaulay the lower or southerD. D,'. Ma-
eaulay thus acquired a large frontage on
Queen street and the Chief J u!:'tice a like
advantage on Yonge street. The northern
portion of theEe halves descended to the son
and heir of the Chief Justice, Captain John
Elmsley, on the death of his father in 1805.
On this property north of where Grosvenor
street now runs westward of Y ollge street,
was a solitary green field with a screen of
lofty trees on threð of its sides. In its
midst was a Dutch barD or hay-barrack
with a movable roof, The sward on the north-
ern side of thia building had drauk huma.n
blood. It was the exact I:!pot where a fatal
duel was fought early in the morning of the
12tb of Ju'y, 1817, an account of which has
been
iven in a previous chapt
r. C'lptain
loon Elmsley in his youn
er days was a
lieutenant in the Royal Navy. In 1832
with his friend ,Mr. Ja.ffray Hales, afterward
of Quebec, he left the navahervice. In 1837
he was a.pp:)inted to the command of a Gov.
ernment vessel carrying two swivel guns on
the lower St. Lawrence. A short time sub-
sequently he settled for a period on his es-
tate at Toronto, where he expended consid-
erable sums of money in farming operations.
J...ater h':! undertook the commaud of a vessel,
the James Coleman, trading on his own ac-
count between Halifax and Quebec.
The love of the water never left
him and afterwards for a time he
eomma.]ded th . Sovereign, one of the m'iil
steamers on :;:"'ake Ontario. He owned a fast
sam Ig cutter of twenty-two and a.half tons
burden named the Dart and in 1832 he ad-
vertised hf'r for salp at Y ork. Som
what
later than 1837 Capt,tin Elmslpy was ap-
pointed to a seat in the Upper House.
Captain Elmsley was a skil ul and popuhr
lake captain. He was a man 01 fine hea.ring,
and it is said that he greatly rf'sembled his
father. the Chief Justice. In 1839 he visit-
ed ßrockville. Thel"e wet'e in the vicinity
of Brockvï:Ie at that time a. number of mili-
tia. men who had a.s a reward for theÍ!" ser-
yices in the war of 1812 been granted scrip
entitJing them to cla;m land from the Gov-
ernment. Capta.in Elmsley foresaw that the
owa.ersì1Íp of these claims might be turned
to good account and 80 he was bent on ac-
quiring them, a... claims could be hatl at a
largí' discount from their r
al value. He
procured a.sl!i
nments of many claims and
these w
re the foundation of his w.'alth as
a la.rge landed proprietor. Captain J onn
Rlmsley dill not îollow in the footstep' of

his father in the matter of faithandreli
on.
'l'be Chief Justice was a staunch Protestant
and a member of the church of England.
.tIe was one of the principal faunders of the
bUl ding of St. J alI1ef:l' church. In the year
1834 Captain Elmsley became a. convert to
the Roman Catholic church, although up to
that period he had like }:tis father and
mother been a staunch Prot('stant.
l.'he os-
tensible cause of his change of faith was th

reading of thf' Roman Cathoiic Rishop of
Strasburg's observations on the sixth chap.
tel' of St. John's gospel. Mr. Eimsley sat-
i,jìed his own mind and published a pam-
phlet which he circulated throu
h the pro-
vince giving th
reason for hh change of
faith. His former pastor, the Ven
erable Archdeacon Strachan came out
on the other side with a pa.mphlet and
sermon and sent a nicely bound copy of bis
production to his old triend the Roman
Catholic Bishop Alexander Macdùnnell.
His Vicar-Gf'nernl William ? Macdonald
flared up at once an.l in spite of the Bishop's
l"t'm'mstrances published .. Remarks on the
Eucharist" lD refutation of his old school
f..llow Dr. Strachan. On reading this Dr.
Strachan is said to have exclaim
d: "It's
alII ight, diamond cut diamond, Scotchman
a
ainst Scotchman." The controversy went
no further. Capta.in Elms
ey notwith-
Rtand ing his sec,",ssion from bis mother
church continued in act of charities and be-
nevolence. Many poor citizens, some now
living, had reason to a('knowledge assistanc':1
from his bounty and the Roman Catholic
church prl!fit
d lare-ely by his benefactions.,
He g'lve facilitif's for the establi:;.hment of
St. Basil's CollegE: and other R:>man lJatho-
lic institutions on his estate. (;aptain E!m-
sley marIied a daughter of Chief Justice
Sherwood ',nd somewhere about the time of
the Mackenzie rebellion built on his estate
E msley Vflla, a sketch of which is given_
Elmsley Vit:a was also for a time the resi-
dence of Cap
alD J. S. Macaulay, who mar-
ried Il dau.!hter of Chief Justice Elmeley.
The Hon. Henrv Sherwood, Solicitor General
had his relridf'lice at E:msley VWa in 1846.
A portion of the sandhill elevation to the
we;tward of Y onge street a little south of
Yorkville had its name Clover Hill from the
dt'signation borne by one of Captain Elm-
sltY's hûuses. The rustic lodge with dia-
mond lattice windows at the gate leading in
to the original Clover Hill wason the stcee1i
a little farther on. At the Hme of his de-
cease Captain ElmRley had taken up his
abode in a buil:iing apart from the principal
residellce of the Clover Hill estate, a build-
ing to which he had given the name of
Barnstable as bl-'illg in fact a portion of the
outbuildings of the homestead turned ÏJ1to a

2!)S

LANDMARK") OF TORONTO..

I ;
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I
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VI

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<
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t

299

LA
DMARKS OF TORONTO.

l11udest uwelling. Barnstable was subse-
quentiy occupied by :J\h.Maurice Scol1ard,o.
veteran att1iche of the ßa,uk ot Upppr
Canada. The burning by a. mob, of
of the Parliament buildings at Montreal on
t;he nh
ht of the 25th of April, 1849. in c
m'
sequence of the passivg of the Rf'belhon
LOiSses Bill. and the subsequent riotous
manifestations in that city had satisfied
Lord Elgin and his ministers I hat it would
be desirable to remove the seat of Gov-
ernment to scme place containing a less tur
bulent pr pulation. and where more respect
was paid to constitute,l p-uthority. The de-
termination íinally arrived at was that the
remaining se!;sions of the existing parlia-
ment should be held at Toronto aftel' which
the seat of Government should be transfer-
red alternately to Qaebec and Toronto for
periods of four yea,l s. A few weeks before
arri ving at tLis conclusion the Governor-
Gcn
ral paid a visit to Upper Canada. He
reached Toronto on the 9th of Ocrober and
was received by the p::op e with minglet.l
enthusiasm and apprehension. for it was
known that many persons were disp05ed to
hold him pe'sonally respon;>ible for the Re-
bellion Losse
Bill a.nd there was some fear
of a riot. His Excellency landed fr('llll the
stea.mer at Y onge street wharf where he wa

met by a large <;onconrse illcluliin!! nearly
all the promiuellt citizens, by whom he was
escorted to his hotel. Ce:'tain hostile de-
monstrations were mad? hya few persons as
the cortege moved up Y onge .treet. Se-
veral stones and rotten (ggs were flung at
the Vice-Regal party who preserved their
composure. Thirteen persons were arrested
and as the grc.nd jury were then in
session the culprits wer'J forthwith present-
ed and committed to prison. Lord Elgin
took up his quarters t mporarily at EUah's
hotel on King 8tl'el't west, hut soon after-
wards fl'mov
rlto E'ms!ey V 1Ia, a stlucture
built on the rising ground to the north of
the Y onge street bl'Bnch of the CollI ge
avenue. Elmsley Villa as its n;:me implies
was once the property of Captain John
Elmsley. It was subsequently convll'ted
into KnoxÇollege and stood on the site
now occupied by the Central PI'{'sbyterian
c;hurch un the corner of Grosvenor and Sr..
Vincent .treets_ The Governùr continued to
reside tht re durin
his stay in Toronto and
the place thus became permanently asso.
ciat!Jd with his name. Elmsley Villa after-
ward was occupit-d t.y Knox Colll'({e from
the time of its removal from the site now
occupied by the Queen's Hotel to the com.
pletion of the present edifice on Spadina
a venue.

CH APTER XCVII.
THE BANK OF B. N. A.

One of ahe Early Flnaneiallns&UuUoDA of
tb. (j!&,. of Tar.nao E.aabll.h
d Here iu
the Year 1837.
The Bank of Briti!ih North America was
organized to do business in Toronto
in 1837. Its establishment. in Toronto
is hera'ded in The- Fairi'ot of MaV 23rd.
1837. by this a.dvertisem
nt,: "Bank
f
British Nodh AmerICa. lJapltaJ, one mll-
lion sterling. Provisional committ
e for
conducting the affa.irs of the bank 10 To-
ronto.-The Hon. Gt"org
Crookshank,
Thomas Merc r Jone;:, E
q., George Monro,
Esq.) JameB Newbigging, E
q. Arrallge-
ments are in progress for the commence-
ment of business in 1'oronto as early as
possible and in th
tmea.ntime applications
on the affa.irs of the bank may be addressed
to the members of the provisional com-
mittee. Robert Carter, commissioner for
the court àirectors." A year later it was
wdl under way and in the same joul11al oE
Augn:>t, 1838, t he directors of the Bank
of British N c;rth America advertise from St-
Helen's Placl',London, a half yearly dividend
üf three per cent. on the paid up capital of
the bank payable on the ",hares reg'atered in
the colonies at the branch banks at Montreal.
Quebec, Torontn, Ha.lifax. St. Johu's. New
BlUn:owick and ;St. Johnb, Newfoundland.
The bank at its start in Toronto was
located in th
brick buildinty at the south-
ea:>t corner (,f Kin
and Frederick street>'.
Patrick Hunter was a(!ent of the bank whilt::
it was ill this buLGing. In 1843. .Mr. J,
G. Howard, the al chitect. buiìt for the
bank at the north-east corner of Y onge <Lnd
'Vellington streets a handoome solid ed 'fice
of cut stone which might ha.ve endured for
ceduries. III 1871 this wa.s deliberately
taken down block by block and madc to
give place to a structure which should b
on
a par in mal:!nificence and altirude with the
buildings put up in Toro,ntc:> by the ot.her
bank '. Mr. Howard's bUlld;ng at the tlme
of its erection was justly regarded as a
credit to the town. Its design was preferred
by the directors in London to those sent ill
by several architecta there. Over the
principal entrance were the royal arms ex-
ceedingly well carved in stone on a grand
scale and wholly disengaged from the wall
and conspicuous over the parapet above
was the grea.t scallop shell, em. blem of the
gold digger's occupation, introduced by Sir
John Sloane in Lhe architecture of tbe Bank
of England. The royal arms of the old
buï ding have been dct'med worthy of a pl&CA
over the entrance to the new and preaent
bank which is situa.ted on the same .ite.

300

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

T...ANDMA RKS OF TORO
TO.

301

CHAPTER XCVIIL
THE HARRIS SHINPLASTERS.

Ey.rythloK P..sed for Money BurlnK the
8u
pen8ion or Spede Paymeotll in the
Tear. SueeeedloK tbe Mack.enzie Rebel-
lion.
In the year that Queen Victoria. ascended
the throne of Eng:and and for a year or two
there'lfter, Upper Canada suffered
reat in-
con venience from the scarcity of fractional
currency caused by thfi suspem.ion of I!!pecie
payments in consEquence of the Mackenzie
rebelhon. The banks having obtained p2r-
mission to su
pend specie payments all per-
sons were ob iged to make change as best they
Qould. The result was that merchants and
shop-keepers of everJ grade gave due bills to
their customers. The corporation of the
city of Toronto at the same time issued one
dollar bills payable with interest anò guar-
anteed by the municipality. The due bills
of the
rCC('r9, butch!, rs and dry-goods mer-
chants at len
th increased to such an extent
that p_'ople b,came shy of accepting them.
As a way out of the difficulty Mr. T. D.
Harris pr('posed to the corpnration that it
is"ue fractional currency sufficient for the
ordinary wants of trade. Mr. Sherwood who
was mayor at the time suggested that Mr.
Harris might iSbue such a curr ncy on his
own responsibility and in accordance with
this suggestion he did so. At first he had
printed on common paper by a Toronto
printer bills in the denominations of 7!d.,
Is. 3d. and 2-. 6d. These bills wore OUt so
quickly and were tern so easily that he had
a plate made by R,wdon, Wright, Hatch &
Co. of Ne.w York, "-nd bills of the ss.me de-
nominations as those previously issued prin-
ted on good bank note paper. A fac-simile
of one of theae bills is shown in the accom-
panying print. The bills dec:ared on their
face that they were redeemable in sums of
one dol]aratthe 'Si
nof the AnvilandSledg ,.'
rhey were guaranteed bV the firm ot which
Mr. H"rris wa':! a member, the Anvil and
Sled
e beinj;{
he well-known sign ot that
firm ùf hard ware dealers, The business had
been started in 18
9 on Kiag street a little
east of George street, the name of the firm
&t that time being John Wa.tkios & Co.
Mr. Harris was the company. In 1832 and
f!'Om that date to 1839 or later the firm was
Watkins & Harrill. In 1832 the bUbiness
wa.s carried on in a building on the south
sIde of Kini street nearly opposite the
present Clyde hotel. Befort" 1838 however,
it was removed to a brick buildlll
standin

where t.he Clyde hotel now sta.nds No. 158,
King .treet east. 'While cccupyinlJ this

l building Mr. Watkins'interest in the busi-
ness W1IS bought out by Mr. Harris and the
name above the door W&S aimply T. D.
Harris. Mr. Watkins was at this time pre-
sident of the Commercial Bank of Kingston
and his home was there. Mr. HarTis sub-
sequently moved to the buiìdinj;{ No. 124.
Kiug street east. The firm then beoa.me 1'.
D. & W. R. Harris a.nd afterward Harris,
Evans &: Co., and under I h" latter name the
busin('ss was carried on at No. 124 King
;itreet e&st until 1860 when it was disc ,n-
tinued altogether. The brick building No. 158
had in the meantime been burned. When it
was re-built it beca.me the Clyde hotel. The
ong'nal building was put up and owned by
Mr. Murchison at on':! time the fasllionabìe
tailor of the town. It was erected about
1832. The Harris shin plasters, for such they
were called at the time of their il!!sue,quick-
ly drove a
l the one dollar bills out of circu-
lation. '{'hey were paid (Jut by the firm in
the years 1838 and 1839 and the total amount
put out was several thomand dollars. Altho'
the promise on their face wasthat theyshould
be I edeemed only in sums of one dollar.
Mr. Harris never refustd to redeem them
for any amount. lesB or
reater and with
the ex:.:eption of those lost, destroyed, or
never presented for redemption all were
pa.id in government currency. The Harris
bills wt-re iSl:!ued in Halifax currency, Eight
of the lowest. four of the inter mediate and
two of the highest denomination beinu
Equivalent to a dollar or sixty pence. .rhey
bore the signature of Watkins & Harril.i anà
also of John J. Evans at that time the cash-
ier of the firm and later the partner of Mr.
Ha.n is. These shinpla,sters went out of cir-
culation after the banks resumea sp9cÏe
payments in 1840. A t this time business
wa.s transacted in various currencies . York
and Halifax currency aiffert:d. In the for-
mer, seven alld a-half pence made a shilling
and in the latter twelve pence. ] ha Gov-
ernment paid all its accounts with Me.xiC!il.n
silver dollars. \V atkir.s & Harris was the
only firm in Toronto to issue shinplasters,
but two other business houses beside it cir-
culated copper and brass tokens to take the
place of penuies. These " ere imported
from England ami the firms to issue them
were \Vatkins & Harris, hardware dealers ;
Perrin & Co., dry-goods merchant:,;, a.nd
Terence J. O'Neil, auctioneer. Perrin'" Co.
occupied the." chequered store" which
stood where the Bank oÎ Quebec now sta.nds.
1 heir token was of copper with & man
threðhing gra.in on one side and the motto,
"No labor, nobreaò," on the other. :fh.
tokenll of \V atkins & Harrill were also of
copp.r. On one side was a ship and on the

her the legend
4 1'0 faciIi
te trade.

30

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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REV, EGERTON RVERso.s, D D., Wesleyan :Methodist
Divine, Huperintendent of Education in Canada from
IMI to 1876. Born 1803. Died 1882.

LA
DMA&KS OF TORONTO.

303

Q

's
':1ction__rOClms w
r_e _jL
' the first I Gu
lle. Major Hillier, Capt. Blois, Capt,
bUlldlng east of St. James' cathedral. His l'hlJpotts, broth
r of the Bishop
tokens were of bra.s. thin and com mOll lOOk- I could be secn. The Hillier house
ing. but in those days nlmost a blass blank was owned by the Honorable Peter
passed for money; they drculated freely, Russell anó after hIs death in 1808 all his
_ prop:>rty was ad vertis 'd for sa e. In of-
CHAPTER X'IX fE"rin!.{ this prO'l!erty it is s
oken of a.s "a
,
\J . J E'T
",llent dwelhne- houRE; 1Il the town or
MAJOR HILLIER.S OOT1 AGE. I York," and described as being in the pOises-
f .ion of Mr. John Denison. The huilding
Th.. Utile H.,,&le C.Unce Tbnt O
e"pled
referred to, situated as it is further mea-
:r:..:
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:
a

:
;'::::i,.tbe . tioned in the advertisement, 011 a "front
The block of ground between Bay, Y onge, town lot, with a very convenient water lot
W ellin
ton and Front is not exactly "quare. adjoining. n This" ornam::mtal cottage" was
The broken line all Front street, starts the th
one in the engraYine- and afterw.tl'(ls Ol'.
lot from th
:Ra.nk of Montreal to the Bald- cupied by Major Hillier. The town resi.
win House on the corner of Bay. ùt:n:::e of Dr. ß,
ld win was erected on the
RIght on the corner, whue the f'ite of this house about 1840, It was after-
Ba.ldwin House stands, a little to the north wards occupied by Mr". John Ellah as a
and ea.sr. stood for y
ars one or the earliest private hotel and in 1863-64 as a military
examples of a.n En
lish rustic cottage. with hospital and the la-t occup,mts were the
verandah and sloping lawn !twas occupied Toronto, Gl'ey, Bruce 3.nd Niphsing
by Major Hillier of the 74th Regt., aide- railroad offices. The building is now dis-
camn and milita.ry secretary to Sir Pere
rille mantled, p:epara 'ory to being torn down fot"
Maitland, The :wellt developed haw thorn wa.rehouses.
tree to thl.'! north of the site of this cottltge,

;r

on the Mercer property. was standin
up to I
1886, when it was cut down. John Carr
the late harbour master. told the writer tha
I
the tree wa
p'anted by Lieut, -Governor
Simcoe in 1794, This he had frClm the Hil- I
lier fø.
ily. Major .Hi}lieF was a prominent
subscriber to the bmldmg of the Don bridge
in 1822, and was a wen known member I
of St. Andrew's Masonic Lod
e.'

t .8t. James' Church in the pew
oj Lieut \ludge, Sir John Colborn e'" aifle, I
the famfnar fa.ceR o..f Major PLlwelJ. Capt.

CHAPTER C.
AN EARLY ME.THODIST CHURCH.

One of tbe Flnelt Ecdeslal&i
al Edifices la
1Jpper ('Bonda In 1833 nt tbe Corner or
A.delnlde nod Torooto Stre
tl.
In ISI8 was erected the First Methodist
church at York. It stood a few feet back
from what iø now the corner of Kin!.{ and
Jordan streeta, but at that time Jordan
st-reet had no existenee. This continued
to be the only place of worship for

304

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

___ _____._ -_ I __ __.____._
the devoted followers of John \V esley, other- / CHAPTER CI.
wise the Methodist denC'mina.tion, from the
time of its erection to 1833, when it was ELMSLEY HOUSE.
converted In"tò a theatre. Two years be- The SUe of the Pre"e
GOTernme t B
fore the latter date the membership had J.'ormerly Chief Judice ElmAle-;"8

:
increased to such an extent: that the otficia' dence. Later abat of the GOTernors.
boa.rd determined to erect a church better The first GOTernmen1; House at York a.
suited to the requirements of t
e body, and
e-storey frame buiìding, wa9 .hattered'to
obtained a site on what is now the corner of Plec.s by the explosion of the magazine at

deaide and Toronto streets, bein
a por- the ti?I e of. the invasion of York by the
tlOn of the present court hQuse block. American. In 1813. This ruin led on the
H.ere a new brick church was completed in restoration of pea.ce to the purchaae of Chief
1833 and wa.s cODsidered one of the bfst Justice -JoM Elms1ey's houae at the lSOufh-
a.nd mGst commodious ecclesiastical edifice!> west corDtr of K:n
and Simcoe streets and
in \Vestern Caltada. In 1836 the churches its conversion into a Government house.
of the city were: St. James, Anglican, two This frlime buildine known Jater as GOTern
Presby tel ian, one Baptist on March street, ment House was ori(Cinally the private resi-
one Conji!;regational on George street, on. dence of Chid Justice Elmsley. For many
Primitive Methodist on Bay street, one yea.ra after its purchase by the Goyernment

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Roman Catholic on Power street, one Catho-I it was styled ", Elmsley House." As at
lie AP03tolic, a little west of Bay street I Quebec the corre.pcmdence of the Governor-
presided over by the Reverend George Ry-, in-chief was dated from the "Chateau St.
erson, and more important than any of I Louis" or "Cas'le of St. Louis" so here tit,,:
these, architecturally speakinl!, the Ado- of the Lieutenantl.Goyernor of the Western
laide Street Methodist Church. This con- Ðrovince W31 loni( dated from Elmsley
tinued tìO be u:-:.e:l as It place of worship House. John Elmsley, the builder of the
down to comparatively recent timel! when I house, was the 80n aDd heir of Alex.nfler
other anù lanter accommodation haTin
Ehnsley, of the parish of Marylebone, Mid-
been provided for the congrep;ation its fur- dh sex, En
land, and the nephew of the
ther employment for eccle!!!iastical purposes celebrated London publi!lhers.
Elmaley"
became unnecessary. It wa.. demolished a ' Brother, and also ofthe oomica.l cridc and
few years a.go and another building has editor, Peter Elmaley of Oxford. He W&8
arileD on its eite. " born in 1762. Mr. David B. Read, Q, C.,
in hi!!! rece..!!tlY_ImblÌ8È.!.d .. Juc!.
es _
,"Qp
r
I Canada and Ontario, >, has given a biograph-
ical sketch of Chief Justice Elmsley. The
future Chief Justice oi Upper Canada. was

Y...ANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

305

called to the b&r of En(!'and at the Middle l one hundred acres directly west of the
Temple, May 7, 1790. He had been at the bar Macaulay lot, the eastern portion of which
only six yean and a half when he received latter lot was Yon
e street. The Chief
His Majesty's letters pa.tent appointing him I Justice pref
n'ilJg land that lay hurher {,f.
Chi,'{ Justice of Upper Canad.. to succeed fected an exchange with Dr. Macaulay,
thp. Ron. William O.sgoode, the first Chief giving the southern half of his lot for the
Justice of Upper Canada, who had be6n I northern half ùf his neighbour's, His incli-
promoted from that office to the chief judi- nation as well as interest prompted him to
ciary of Lower Canada. The King's patent be one of the principal promoters of the
..pp ,inting }fro Eimsley, w&s dated Novem- openinJZ of Y onge street aud in 1800 he
ber 218t, 1796. His uncle, the London I presidld at a pubLc meeting to comider the
publisher, was a fritnd of rhe Duke of Port- best means of opening up that thoroughfare
land, and it is said that Mr. Elmsley owed and was a subscriber to the fund raised for
his appointment to the bench to thp patron- I that purpose. The Chi f Justice
""e of the Duke. He 6...st took his seat as acquired a. tract of land at thc
Uhief Justice at the Court House at New- liouthwe
t eorner of Kin,! and Simcoe
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..rk, (Niagara) January 16 r h, 1797. In the streets and hel'e about the be
inning of the
performance of his duty as Chief Justice he century he built E;msley House, which
held crimina.l courts of Oyer a.nd Terminer after its purchase and conversion into
in the various judicbl di.tricts of the pro- Government House after the war of 1812,
vince at N ewal'k, York, Ringston, Corn- was f.)r the grea.ter part of its exi stt nee
wa.11 and John!!town once a year down to o
cupied by the Governors and Lieutenant-
the Court for the Home Di,trict. held at Governors who there dispensed the hOflpi-
York on February 14th, 1801. The Chief ta1ity suitable to their "Itation. The Gov-
Juatice while residin
lD York took much ernor's residfnce has been more than once
inter
8tin the material progress of the place. added to and improved and there seems to
By his order a.n eX:1m;nation of the town be a disposition on the part of those
plot of York as laid out wa.. made in 1800. who have the control of the Tic
-re
al
.at ptri>tit: meetings he was frfquently chair- mansion to preser'lftt j!l ite p.;t';'oo;.cvinIlS
roa.n. He was one of the founders and e::lrly s 'me of its antiquity. In Chit f Jua

pewholders of St. James' Church. In 1799 E'msley's time the practic9 of branding: aØ!l
dUrin
the temporary absenc9 of Governor pilIoryin
had not yet gone oui.
.t t'

Jruntt:r iD. the Lower Province, the adminis- Court held by him at York. NovelÐ1r-:- Rt1J.
tn.iioB of this province was entrust(>d to a 17t8, OIiê cOÍÃ-r..eted prisoner traS ð'f:'Qtenced
eommi/;t,.ee tJlf which Chief Justice E msler to be publ5et1 '
hi?pOO
another to be
wu one of the members. The Chief Jnstice I burned in tlte hand. The same year at
.ae tllle original po..essor of the pa.rk lot of New Johl1ll00'l'D a prÎaoDer convicted of

308

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

perjury was sentenced to be pilloried three
times and imprisoned six months. At the
Court held in YorN, November 26th, 1798,
the Atto:-ney -General moved in tbe case of
three prisoners brought up for sentence
that they be permitted to trßllsp Jrt them
selves-not to bJ transported, but to trans-
port thems
lves. Chid Justice Elms'ey
performed his duties in such a sa.Ísf'Lct(,ry
manner that on 1 he resÌtrnation (,f Chief
Justice 03goode he was appointed to E-UC-
oeed himin the Chief Justicesh'p of Lower
Canarla, October 13th, 1802. In his new
office Chit-! Justice Elmsley was con. picuous
for his fidelity and zea.l in tbe public
ervice.
In 1804 he was appointed to the Speakership
of tht: L
gisl<\tive Council of that province.
He had on'y fillell th(> office of Chief Jus-
tice of Lower f;anada for a period of three
years when death cut short his career at
Montreal in July, 1805. In October,
1855, the Government offices were removed
hither from Quebec, and Toronto once more
,became the capital of Ca.nada. The Gov-
ernor-General Sir E imunrl \Vaiker Hf'ad,
who had ;uceeeded Lo:d Elgin tow,;,rds the
close of the preceriin
year did not reach
here until November. The old structurt>
known as Government H'luse which stood
in its own grounds on the corner ot Simcoe
and Kine' streets had been refurnhhed and
fitted up for His Excellency's reception and.
here be abode dur;n
his four years' st.y in
Toronto. In the old d ys bef Ire the unioa
of the provinces in 1841, the buildinM had
been used as an offidal residence bv fi ve
successl." Lieutell<Ult-Governors of U pp
r
Ca.nada, namely, Franois Oore, S,r Pere-
grine Maitland, Sir John ClJlborne, Sir
Francis BonJ Head and Sir Geor'Cc Arthur.
Sir Edmund was tbe last Goverr.or,General
to occupy it a, Toronto has not been tbe
seat of the Government of Ca.nada since hid
time. For a time E,m
ley House was us
d
a
quarter6 for the officers of the 'Carrison.
Dur ng their occupJ.ncy a fire broke out ill
the building. Th. pre,;el1t Government
buildin
W&3 put up on the sam
bite about
twenty years ago. Previous to ita erection
for Borne years th' unoccupiad Govc.rnmellt
grounds. 'were a favûurite place for boldini
Sunday .chool gø.therinl!;s,
CHAP']'
R CII.
THE AMERICAN HOTEL.

.An Old lIol!trlry ''''hieh Was IJntii BrcrnUy
Onf' orllu' Bed Known HOUM"" Iu . ...ada
The American Hotel at thl! 1I0rth-ea
t
corner of Front and Yonge streets whi{'h ill
a. f w months will b
Jevel with the 210unil
to make room for the Boarrl of Trade build-
ing, 18 on
of th
be"t kn, wn hotels in Calla-

da. Between its site and Scott street was
in 1830, and f 'r years p:.
v ously. a frame
residence built bv Cui- f ,T ustice Scott, whe::n
he wa.s Attorney-G nera.l. This house wa

nfter thi\t the re"idence of the HOI'Lovius
Sherwood and was torn ùown about fifty
years ago. In the cellar of thia house on
the occa.sion of the Queen'" coronation. a
huge ox was roasted and was carried in a
large wdggon, down to the market p'ac
on
King street and the inhabitants I f the town
wel.e rega.led with a fea,>t fre
of all ex-
pf'nse. Tne lat James Browne. the whar-
finger, held the lines over the horses as tbe
hu!!e roast was drawn throu
h th
f;trpets.
Mr. Rennie b::m,ght the COrnet' about 1840,
and erected tbereon th br ck bui ding
known f -I' yeals as the American h,tel It
was built on the land f 'rm'
"lv owned by
Chit f Justice Sc:ott. Mr. I<.f'nnie W&8 the
proprietor of the hotel in 1849. Ab ut this
time theloc dity I.bout:her,
was a favûurite
place fo' shooting snip '. The hotel has had
ma y landlords. Amongstthemwere Mr Pier-
SOll,&n American Rnd
jr.David \Va'ker noW
of the \Yalker House, Mr. Mackie was
aDO her tt'nant. Mr. Eds \ll was the la.st
prior to the closing up. Thr> prope ty for
yea:'8 was in the p ss asion of the late Ro-
bert \Vilkes. This gentleman was a zealous
adv(1ca e of tempf'rance and when h: owned
I he hotel, off",red his tenant a. reduction of
$1,000 a year in the rent if he wou.cl c1o
e
the bar room, but this offer was declined.
Finally tbe Board of Trade bought the aite'

CHAPTER CIIL
AN OLD PIOTURE-

A. Ylew 01 York From <<;lbraUar Poln& -An
Old B&eawer.
.Mr_ Homel Dixon, the Consul-General of
the Neth, rbnds, and an emhu"ia.stic reader
af the old Landmarks. sends U8 a unique
"aquatin' "-to.day it would b 'called a "chIO-
m.,type.'-of "York from Gib altar Point,
dedicated to hilS patron Sir Peregrine Mait-
Ian , Lieut -Governor. and the gentlem. n of
Upper Ciin'ldo\," by Jam's Gray. L n Ion,
England, Dec, 1st, 1823. The 0 d pic. ure is
in "ize 21!xll inche:.-. The s1ea.möl' rt'pre-
sented as going out of the harhour is the
Quee st(ln, a small steamer which ran in
from Toron '0 to Niagara. The view
gives a fair reprl'fe tation of the ci y, Sl ow-
ing the xtl erne east, with the> bl'idJZes over
tÏ1e Dun, alld the Garrison on the Wl'st. The
bu.ldin
s on rhe city front are lI<ot nrv du-
tind, but many can be rt'adi y rec '
lIjzed.
These points noted 01.nnot be seen w tl \ an-
tal.e in the I'et>roduction, but III th origina.l
ca
be s eu with the lJa.ked eye, while deta.ils

LAND
lARK
OF TORùNTO.

307

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--
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308

LANDMARK::) OF TORONTO.

can be !nought out with the aid of a
8trong glass. Mr. Dixon in his travels
through France came a.cross another inter-
esting picture. Wi!en he vi'5ited Paris, be
walked i.to his room in a quiet hot
l, near
the Rue 8t, Honole, and to bis surpri-e saw
hanging' over the mantel one picture of a
scene tha.t "eerned ratl'er familiar. A closer
examination proven that it was a tinted
lithogra.ph of a" S:eÏ!rh scene, Toronto, C.
W., dedicated by p
rmission to the offictc'rs
of the 83rd R3girnent." .. Painted by G. T.
Downman, publi:.-:hed March 26th, 1853
(private plate)." The siza of this p:ate il!!
3ûx22. inches and it represents Toronto
Bay in winter with a large numb6r of
.Ieighs on the ice, Mr. Dixon secured the
picture, and has it at ., The Homewood."

CHAPTER CIV.
A DIRECTORY OF 1816.

offices - builr by the Hon. Robert Hamilton of
Queen"!ton.
6. .John Ross-sinc
removed.
7. Mr. Chewett.
8. Mr. Mercer-built by Alexander Ma.cNab,
Esq.
who was killed at the Ba.ttle of Waterloo.
9. North-east c<>rner, oppmlite Mr. Mercer's.
10. North,west corner-built by Thomas Job-
bit. a discharged soldier from the Queen'.
Hangers.
11. Mr. BerczY-SlDce removed.
12. Nicholas Cling-er--Th
blacksmith.
13. Mr. Baby
built by lJavid Burns, Esq.
14. Ang-us Cullachie Ma.cdonell, Esq,-burnt
by accident in the time of the war.
15. MacLachlin's slaughter house, opposite
the south-west corner of the Market square,
now a tavern.
KING STREET.
1. A small house, south of Colonel Fosters'.
2. High Carfrae, a. discharged sergeant from
the Queen's Rangers.
3. Joseph Dennis-built by Mon.ieur Quetton
St. George.
(.
o:,d an Po
t, j r ., an emigran t settler.
5. William Knott, a discharged soldier from
the Queen's Rangers.
6. Carpenter's sbop.east of '\\'il1iam Knott's-
Built by Mr. Dnggan.
7. John Dennis, shipwrifiht from the Dock
Yard at Kingston,
8. Lardner Bostwick, an Fmi
rant settler.
9. The Jail. since tAken down.
10. The Episcopal church-since repaired and
enlarged.
11.
chool house. Market square-burnt by
a.ccident Ìll +;he time of the war.
NEWG,j.TE STREET.
1. The Widow Caldwell-built by Mr. Hugh
Heward.
2. Mr. Jesse Ketchum- aD Emigrant settler,
by trade a t;;.nner.
3, John Dennis-built by Angus Cullachie
Macdonell, ESQ.
HOSPIT AL STREET.
1. Mr. Chief Justice Robinson - built by
D' Arc!' Boulton.
r" F
sq.
2. Mr. Chewett s servant, John Doggit.
3.
3. Long-, The Black Woman.
(. Mrs. Flannagan. from Yonge street.
5. A log house, owned by Mr. Mercer.
6, Mr. Colin Drummond.
LOT STREET.
Not a building lot of any kind throughout
this street, but one.
1. Formerly owned by Joshua Leech, la.tely
the Court house.
Recapitulation-
Front street"........ . ,8 houses.
Market street......... .15 ..
Kißg itreet........,...11
Newgate 8treet,.......3
Hosuita! etreet,.,..,., 6
Lot -street. . . . . . . . . , , . . .1

1'b
Old RonlleA nr Tork-.An luteredinK
M
. rrom &hf' Pape..s er (:bief JuaUce
ßoblu801l.
rvlit. Chrhtopher Robin30n, Q C., who,
:ike all old Torontonians, is intert'sted in
the landmarks of his birthplace, sends UII a
,'ery interesting and antique document, in
the snap" of a partia.l dir
ctory of TOf<,nto,
made after the war of 1812-15. It giyes the
names of the owners and a. c')rrect list of
the houses which were built before the war,
the list being limited to that part of the
town of York boundt:d on th
west by Peter
strep.t, on the east by New s
reet-or, as it
i. now cal:ed. Jarvis street. We give the
U.t as it, was written in 1815, and following
it Borne notes locating 1 he dwelling,:, so that
the residentø of to-day may,know flomething
about the old
1)l)ts :-
Statement showing the number of houses and
other buildings (not including barns, stabl!'.,
root houses and the like), which were built bir-
fore the lu.te war. in that part of the town of
York. bounded on the east by New street, and
on the west by Peter street.
FRONT STREET.
1. Mr. Crookshank.
2. Mr. Beikie.
3. Eskerlin, a discharged soldier from De
Wattevllles Regiment. Built by John Endioott,
of Y onge st.reet.
(. Mr. .Justice Powell. .
5. Mr. Hagerman-built by William Weeks.
Esq.
6. Count Joseph DePuuaye,-burnt. 27th April,
1813.
7. Mr. Markland-built by Mr. Preaident
Rusøell.
S. Mr. Justice Sherwood-built by Mr. .cott.
MARKET STREET.
1. Riley-built by HUl/;h MacLean.
2. Government Houee - formerly
House.
S. Mr. Cartwright - now Colonel Foster's I streets. It was a frame hous p , "and at a later
office. . date Mr. Crookshank built the rel'lidence on
L Barrack M3ster Hartney-built. by the "'oe n"rth.ea'.t corner of Front and Peter
Hon. James Baby. ,.. ,
5. Jtxe""itive Council and Surveyor,Gener&l's and which "as pulled down a few yea.rs ago.

TotaL,..,.. 'u...,.. ,4t Buildings.
The fodowing notes WI,I
ive tile rf'ader
an idea of the old spots. For mn h of tha
intormat'on we are indl bted to Mrs. Sey-
mour, mother of Mr. Grant Seymour, an old
ior.n,hmiau.
I :ntmi'6 STREET,
Ell! l.-t

C=-
d1a.nk h(,u
e lltood a.t the
ms el) north-wellt corner of Front and \Vindsor

(op. 308)

õõ
o
CI)
s:5.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

30S

2 Mr. Beikie was the Sh eriff of YOlk at 4. Barrack ma3ter H,trtlley lived in I
this early dat:>. and his house stood a little hr,u<;e directly west of the Executive Coun-
west of the north-east corner of \Vmdlßor cil offices. The late John Ginty occupied
and Front. the house II.ft
rward".
3. Eskerlin's hl)Use is the old half wav 5. The Executive Council and Surveyor-
h')use west of the Gt'Eenland FI!!hery. D-e General':; I ffi es were on the north-west cor-
Warteville Regiment waft one of the dis- ner of Welling! on (Markt't) and York. 11;
banded Hessian 0:" G rman Re
imf:nts was built by the HOD. Rob
['t Hamilton, of
which fou!!'ht for the British Crown in Can- Queen!>ton. It was in Ìatter years the
ada in 1812-15. family residence of Chief Justice Dra.per,
At the time of the war in 1812, Dr. Powell, and was known as "The L
wn."
grandfather of Mr. Grant S ymour of 6. John Ross, the undertaker, of York.
O
tawa, wal hvinj{ as a tenant in the His hou
e W,lS 011 Market skeet, east ot
house known as the" Greenland Fishery." York. R"SI took charge of General B: ock's
He wal! deil;rous of buying the property body after the battle of Queenston. It
which was then. in pO;;bessio'l of Mr. Hart- was this act that led him, it is said. to fol.
ney, the Barrack Master at tbe Old Fort in low up the business, oî which to-Ilay would
York, Mr JIartnr.y's scn is now an officer be caned II funeral director." He lived
of the House 0: Commons of Canada. There from 1825, oc Adelaide street, west
was some trouble about the title and the of tbe north corner of Peter.
sale of the house wa.s never completed. Mr. 7. Mr. Chewett's hûuse still sh,nr1s. It
Justice Puwell ne1'er lived ir.. the h! use as is on Wellington street, east of Dr. Thor-
the hst issued indicates. He pa.sstd all bis burn's, and W1.S the family mansion of the
life, and died, in the o:d h luse ne 'I' the cor- Chewetts. It is now o
cupied by Mr
.
ner of Front and York streets. Th
fram'
O::;borne, and the east part is a livery Itable.
houses to the we
t of the Greenlan t Fishery, 8. The Mercer Bouse, which stood on
and the houses to the west again .Mrs. Sey- Wyld, Darling'" corner, was bui:t by Alex-
mour has a distinct reco'lf'ction of in 1816. ander McNa.b, who was killed at the Battle
5 Judge Hagel man's house, ill 1815, was of \Y atedoo. Andre\'t Mercer boulo{bt the
iitua
ed a little ea.st of Mrs. .Mi
t'kland's property about 1820.
house, She lived between YOt'k anJ RtY lOt. 9. North-eas corner Bay and Wellington
Hagerm tn's house was past Y onge
tr8
t. frame house, resident unknown. :iIawke'.
east or Y onge street wharf. Mrs. Seymour lunch house was a mill in ]ater yea.rl!\.
remembers it as a low frame house. 10. Nortb-w .5t coma' Bay and ""elling-
6. Count Joseph De :Puisaye, was a ton. built by Thom'!s
l'obbit. Mr!1. Tobbit
French Royalbt retu
ee. He obtained hnds afterwards 1>old candied on Richmond st
in the O,lk Ridges. He owned the lot at and was liberally patronized by the school
the nOMih-w{-8t carner of Fr(1nt and Rty, boys.
and probtbly lived thf-rf:. H. J. Eou.ton 11. Mr. Berczy',
house was in rear of the
bouli1(ht the pr Cl per1iY afterwards, Imperial Bank. The bouse was built by
7 Mrs. Markland's house w
ich was built Peter McDougall, a well known merchant
b
P.-esident Ru sell, was east of Yonge. of York.
8. Mr. Jus'ic: Sherwood';:; house occupied 12 Nicholas Clinger, th
blacksmith,
the site of the American Hotel. It was near the British B.mk corner.
oriszinally a one-storey long frame, and 13. Mr. Baby's bouse. about corner of
afterwards had a second storey added. Ii Y onge and Col borne.
had a pretty garden in front. It wa.s built 14. Angus Cullachìe Macdonnell's' house.
by Chief Justice Scott, who afterwards Mr. MacdoneH was a. barrister. He was
built the long low cottage on Scott street one.)f thole lost in the Speedy. His bouse
where Hugh U:enn,the mate of the Transit' was near the corner of Yonge and Market.
lived in later ve
rs. ' 15. MacLachlin's slaughter-house wag at
MAI'KET STREET. the south-west corner of Front and Market
1. Ri]eyhouse-is as hard to find as "the square. It WM afterwards a tavern.
well-known MI'. Riley who kep' the hotel." KING STREET
2. The Government House, formerly 1. A small hou
e. This was a.bove the
E msley house. stood on th
site of the pre- N. E corner ()f Adelaide and P
ter Btreet.a.
sent Governm
nt House. It was part 2. HU2'h Carfra.a's hOUI:l6, King IItl'C8w.
frame, roueh cast and brick. It was burnt north of the Mail office. The brick house
down above thirty years ago. for yea.rs occupied b t ' Dr, Camp/leU was
3. MI' Cartwright was lidng b Kin
sto'l buït by Mr'. C Irfraf'.
during 1812-13 14. His house stood on thp. 3. Joseph Dennil' hOUle stood where TIM
plot of gl'OUU<i o::cupied by the Barnhart Telegram Office
hnd
, OD the corn
r of Ba.y
house on W ellin
ton street. ' and Kiu2' streets.

310

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

4 J, rdan Post'E',junior, house was on the
louth-past corner of King and Bay, after-
warl\s the she of Jacques & Hay's old war:;.
house.
6. William Knott's house-On site of the
Cawthra. mansion, now Molson's Bank.
6. Carpeuter shop-Earl of Knott's houle
Site of the Canada Life'l!! new bui ding.
7. John Dennis' house-Site of Ridout's
corner.
8. Lardner Bostwick's-SHe of the Golden
Lion, King street ea.st.
9. The Gaol-At
outh-eMt corner Kinl't
and Loader lane.
10. The Episcopal Church-Site of St.
James' Cathedral.
11. School-house Market Square. This
house steod to the west of \V LSt Market
street. The bni]dil1
stood in off Market
lane, now Coiborne street, a.nd wa.s in later
years the }fasonic Hall.
ADELAIDE (NEWGATE) STREET.
1. Mr>!, Calè.\\ell, willow of D:. Caldwell,
of Penehnguishene. Site of this house was
near Pt't
r street. The h. Ule stooel on the
north side of Adela.h1e street and wal built
by Mr. Hugh Heward.
2, Jesse Ketchum, north-west and south-
east corner Y onge and Adeiaide streets.
3. John Dennis' house-no trace of this
h()use.
HOSPITAL (RICHMOND) ST.
1. Chief Justice Robinson-North-east
comer Richmond and John; now residence
of Chris opher Robinson.
2. Doy'git House-No tra.ce.
3. MIs. Long, a coloured woman-The
first colourerl inhabitant of York.
4. Mrl". Flanaga.n's house-No tracp.
5. Mercp.r's log house-no trace.
6. Colin Drummond's-no trace.
QUEEN (LOT) ST1tEET.
1. Joshua. L{'&ch's house. It ltood on
Queen e"st of Yon
e, and i,,!l the centre of
the blo k between Y onl7e, Victoria, Queen
and Richmond streets. It fa.ced south. It
was about 150 leet Bouth of the south line of
Queen street. It was the first court house.

CHAP ER CV,
EARLY DAYS OF YORK.

.& It.-tnrn of Inbabitant" Jlade E
bty
Years A::o-TÞp Fird ÐIf eClory of th...
Tuwn 01 'l"orJ.-Biogl'aplll(';L. Skpt4"h.-s or
lb.- D.-ad" or Famlll.." ,n Turk a!4 Glypn
In tbe ('enllu" of Ibe Town Taken In 1803.
We have purchaled from M . Peter Pater-
Ion a C)PV of the list of the mhabita.nts of
Yo
kin 1805, Itisonethatmanyhundred..
in this city will be intere, ted in, as the first
return of the inhabitants of York, made in
I H05. Mauy of thole whose l1am
s a.re in
the list; haye their descel da.nts n Toronto,

and their Dames will be familiar not only
to the few of the g'eneration that is p1tssin

away, but to many of those who a.re now in
the prime of iife in this the city of their
birth. The return is, we believe, thl' first
ever made to the authoritie'l of what was
then a little ha.mlet of fiye hur.dr(d reop'e,
the pioneer>! of civiïzation on th
sitp of the
modem me ropolis. We copy from the
ori
ina.l M
S. The ÌÏat gives ; he ni'mes of
the
tea.ds of families, the number of women,
the male cnildren over sixteen nnd under
sixteen, the female chilùren over sixteen
and under sixteen, the numbt'r (f serV;lnt"
III each fa.mily, the total Dumber of perl"na
in each family, with the I'trand total of the
inhabitants. men, women, and children.
A RETURN OF THE INHABITANTS IN THE TOWN-
SHIPS OF SCARBORO' AND ETOBICOKE, T
EN
IN MARCH. 1805.
s:I Male F'm'le
SCA.6BORO'
ch'd'n ch'd'n

õ---
Heads

05
cõ cõ

of Families.
..... .... to .... to
, 0 ... It> ... It> cd '3
It> '" It> 'C ;..
Ó ...
c ;.. c ;.. s:I Qj 0
:.- Z 0 P 0 P rn Eo<
- . - -- ..- .- -- --
William Corn well. . . ] 1 .. i .' 5 .. U
John Closson........ ] .. " .. .. .. 7
James Elliott ....... J 1 ï .' 1 . . 9
l1aniel Herrick...... 1 1 3 1 1 .. ,
William Jones.. ... . 1 1 2 .. 1 1 .' 1
Andrew Johnson.... 1 '. ,. .. .. .. .. 9
Stej..hen Johnson.... 1 " " .. 1
'William Knowlls.,.. 1 1 1 1 2 .. 13
Asa Patrick. , . . . . .. . 1 .. .. ,. .. ., 1
Reuben Patrick,.... 1 " .. .. 4
James Palmer.,..... 1 I .' 5 ., 2 .. 4
Amos Prescott. . ., .. 1 1 - - .. .. 3 .. S
George Post..... .... 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. I
Thomas Simpson.. .. 1 .. .. .. I
Isaac Secor.. , . . . . . . . 1 Ï .. 1 ., 2 .. S
Isaac Sec"r. jr....... 1 1 .' .. .. 3 .. 5
Joshua Secor.... ... I ., ., .. ., .. .. I
Peter Secor. . . . . . . . . . 1 " .. .. .. .. .. 1
- Smith.,... ...... 1 .. .. 1
Archibald ThomRon. I I 1 4 2 1 ., 10
Andrew ,!'homsun. .. 1 1 1 4 .. 3 " 10
Da vid Thomson. . .. . 1 1 1 5 .. 2 .. 10
-- -- .- -- -- ...-- ---
Total .......... .. 22 12 7 30 5 26 ..102
ETOBICOKE
John Henry........, 1 1 1 1 1 " .. 5
Jacob Reemer...... I 1 .. .. .. .. 2
Lpvy Devills ........ 1 1 .. 1 .. 2 .. 5
John Endicott.....,. 1 1 .. 1 .. 2 1 6
Andrew Gray...... 1 1 .. .. '2 .. 2
William Hooton..., 1 1 .. 1 .. ..
Mich a!tnlfiI
:
: : :. . : 1 1 .. 2 1 2 I 8
1 1 .. ., " 1 .. 3
Jacob Phillips. . . . . . 1 1 1 .' 3 .. 7
Benjamin Renolds" 1 I 1 .. 2 .. S
Col. S...muel Smith.. 1 1 .'
.. 2 3 9
Alexl\nder Stua:-t.., 1 1 ,. 1 .. 2 .. 5
Alexander Thomson 1 1 .. 2 .. 2 .. 6
AnI hony Trin,mer.. 1 1 .. 1 .. I ,. 4
Richard Wilson .... 1 1 .. 1 .. 2 .. 5
Jacob "'inters,..., . I 1 .. J .. 1 ., ,
Jamea Wilson ...... 1 1 .. .. .. .' ,. 2
Martiness Badgerow I .. .. n ., .. .. 1
-- -- -- - - - -- -- --
Total.. ...... .. . . . . It! 17 2 II 2 24 5 81

LA
DMA.RK
OF TORONTO. 311
A RETURN OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF YORK, TAKEN IN MARCH, 1805.
Headso' F.mill...\

Male F'm'le ci Male F'm'le
S ch'd'n ch'd'n
Q) ch'd'n ch'd'll
0-' -' =--
Q) 0

c6l

!i Heads of Families. =s
r ê'
.... .... s.. ....

S

0 Q) <:) ce .... .... ãi
0 s.. s.. õ5 o 0
Ó Q) "d Q) "d

'gt
ò s:: s:: s.. Õ Ò Ö Õ
;..
Q)
Z "'- c ::> 0 p 00
Z Z

-

---- -- - - - - -- --
William Allan. Esq. 1 2 !I James McBride..... 1 1 .. 3.. 2..' 7
John Alsworth...... 1 '2 1 Christian Mires..... 1 1 1 1 4,
John Aise............ 1 1 1 5 John McDonell...... 1 1
David Burns, Esq... 1 1 2 J hnMcBeth........ 1 2
John Beikie, "sq.... 1 2 2 6 Thomas .MoRley.. ... . 1 1 1 :t
Alex. Burns, Esq.... 1 1 2 Donald McLean. .... 1 1 2 1 2 7
Wm. War'D Baldwin 1 1 3 Andrew Mercer,.... ] 1
John Bennett........ 1 3 John McIntosh...... 1 1 4, 4 10
John Basil........... 1 1 2 !I William !\ ott.. . .. .. . 1 1 1 3 6
Tonsaint Hellow..... 1 ] WIlliam Night....... 1 1 1 1 4,
Joseph Berton.. .... 1 1 Gideon Orton.... .... 1 1
William Hniley...... 1 1 3 3 8 Hussell Olmstead.. . . 1 1

:i

d
\

ÖW :::: 1 1 3 4 9 Samuel Olmlltead..,. 1 '2 '2 1
1 1 2 4, Samuel Osburn...... 1 1 1 '2 7
John Battie", Stitte . 1 '2 ï 1 Hon. W. D. Powell.. 1 2 1 1 2 2 11
Wm. Chewett,Esq . 1 1 2 1 8 Geor"e Purvis....... 1 1 2 1 5
William Cooper 1 1 2 2 1 7 Jordan Post.......... 1 1 2
Hugh Carfrae....... 1 1 2 Ezekial Post......... 1 1 ï 3
Arch. Cameron...... ] 1 John Pinkerton...... 1 1 2
John Ca.meron....... 1 3 Francis Pollard... . . . 1 1 1 3
D. Cameron, Esq.... 1 1 1 ,1 Hon. Peter Hussell.. 1 1 1 á 8
John Clark.......... 1 . 1 1 .. 3 ThomJ1.S Ridout, E:'q 1 1 4 4, 1 11
George Cutter... .... 1 1 Samuel Ridout...... 1 1
Phillip Clinger... . .. 1 1 2 4, Juhn Ross............ 1 4, 1 7
Jacob Clayton....... 1 1 Peter Robinson...... 1 1
Luke Caryl... . . . . . .. 1 1 William Hobinson,.. I 3
John Conn........... 1 1 James Robillf.!on..... 1 1 1 4
llI&ac Columbus 1 2 2 6 John Rablin.,....... 1 3 3 8
Joseph B. Cox....... 1 1 Au'y-Gen. T. Scott 1 1 2
James Crawford .... 1 1 :; Fev. u. O'K. Stuart. 1 ï 2 4,
COllin Vrummond .. 1 1 l\lrs, Small......... .. 3 ø
John Debtter........ 1 1 '\Vm. Smith..... .... 1 1 2 1 6
John DeSavern...... 1 3 Wm. Smith, jr...... 1 1
Wm. D.mont........ 1 1 Quetton St. George 1 '2 3
John E.àg
ll....,.... 1 2 1 5 Thomas StoyeU" ...... ] 1 1 3
Francis Freder . . .. . . 1 1 Mrs. Fly....., ...... 1 4, 1 6
Nancy Forbes.,..... 1 1 1 3 Vaniel Tiers......... 1 1 1 3
Thadyus Gilbert.... 1 1 1 3 7 JohnThorn....,. .... 1 1
John Gpfferries.. .... 1 2 .J ospph Thornton... . 1 1
Joseph Hunt........ 1 1 2 1 6 John Vanzal.tee.... 1 I
Wm, Hunter.. ...... 1 2 2 6 Garret Vanzantee .. 1 1 2 ï 6
John Hunter........ 1 'Wm. Wilcocks, E:-,q. 1 1 1 4-
Eliphatel Hale....., 1 1 1 3 8 Charles Wilcocks.. 1 1
Henry Hale.......... 1 1 3 Sheriff J. Wilcocks. 1 1 2
Robert Henderson.. 1 2 4, Wm. \Yeekes, Esq.. 1 1 2
Thoma.s Hamilton. . 1 4, 7 Alex. '\Vood. Esq.,.. 1 1 2
CI\I\Jb Humphreys.. 1 2 Edward Wright.... 1 1 4, 3 9
Mrs. Herchmer .... 1 2 3 Patrick 'Vard.... .. 1 1 1 1 i
Steuhen Heward.... 1 1 2 Williflffi Waters_ ., 1 1
Hugh Hewa.rd....... 1 1 Jam
s Wilson.. .... 1 1
Thoma
Hind.. .... .. 1 1 2 3 2 9 Mrs. Williams...... 1 1 2
Wm. Halloway...... 1 1 1 1 4, Elizabeth Lewis... , 1 1 2
John Howell ........ 1 1 '2 '2 2 Catharine Davis.... 1 1
WID. Jarvis......... 1 1 2 3 11 Francis Helcour.. .. 1 1 '2 4-
Samuel Jackson..... 1 1 1 3 Isaac Mitchell..... . 1 1 4
Joseph Kendrick.. .. 1 1 2 3 8 George Fox .. ...... 1 1 1 ï !I
Hiram Kpndrick.... 1 1 2 Thomas R. Johnson 1 1 'i 7
Peter Kuhn..... .... 1 1 2 -- -- -- - ---- -
l' .Klin
ellbrunner.. 1 1 . 6 Total .......... ng 82 8 108 21 81 55 17'
Daniel Lau
hlin. . . . 1 t
Alexander Legg ... 1 1
John Lyons....., ,.,. 1 1 2
, Hon. John McGill.. 1 1 1 3 6
Geo. Crookshank. ] 1 1 3
Allan Mc
a.b. ,....: 1 1 ï 1 3 J 7
.Alex. Mc"onnell.... 1 1 2 5
Dr. Jas. Macaulay.. 1 1 3 2 7
Hugh Mc,.ean ...... ] 1 2
Paul Merrian ....... 1 1 2 3. 8

312

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

A RKTURr. OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWNSHIP OF' YORK, TAKEN IN MARCH, 1805.

Male F'm'le g Male IF'm'le I
g
Ch'd': C'hl': g g

I ':h2

a>
Heads or Familie..
"
.-: $ -:;! Heads of Familie..

I I ..

]
I

Lt
____11jJi.
1I.

John AshbridKe,.... . 1 1 .. 1 3 Walter Moody... ..., 1 2
8
Jonathan Ashbndge 1 ....
Hugh McPhie..,..... 1 3 '3 1
Elias Anderson... . . . 1 1 2 3 3 10 Thomas l\Iercer. , . . .. 1 51
'J'homas Adams..." 1 1 Sal1lud :\lercer."... 1 1
Frederick Brown... 1 1 4 Jacob1\lct'oy..,..,.. 1 1
AsaBacor...... .... 1 J 2 Hugh MCCO
......... 1 1
Patrick Burns....... 1 1 3 2 7 Henry McGrrry.,..., 1 '2 1
John Burkholder.... 1 1 3 1 3 9 Wm.Mar
h. .,...... 1 1 ,1
F,'ancis Brock....... 1 II!
'Vm. Marsh, jun....
I 1 2' 2

g
r

:::: : :: :
i 4 3 1 2
:
j1:

I;

f
ÿ",::: 11
:
: I

Daniel ('ozens....... 1 1 John McBl'ide........ 11 1 2 7
r:
l

ijJ:
:::::: }
3 t!

5:N8

: r
., i 1
I I

G A eo d r_e C C 'a l stn k er.... 1 1 2
Forbes :Mitchell...... 1 1 1 1 I 3 6
n rewa' -...,... A!'herMonda v ....... ' .
. ,.

J o
'
b
C
1 nf k s
.r.ol

:
1 I i I I!
I I

g
l
f

i

:::
1 . 2 ' '! ? ,. ' 6 1
aco oc ..... 1 JohnPlaylt-'r,....... 1 1 _
hamuell). Cozens... 1 1 Ely Play tel' . . . . . .. , . 1 . .2 ' .1 1
Shivers Cozens...... 1 1 Oliver j-'rentiC8. .. 1 1 5
John Campble...... 1 '2 1 I Isaac Phillips..,.... 1 3 5
John Denison....... 11 6 1 JacubPel.trl1an....,. 1 1 4
Georg6 Ueni
on..... 1 2 1 3 4 i Mrs. Ruggles......., 1 . 3 1 1 '2 1

Abraham Devins. .. 1 1 I Co!. Ænpas Shal.Y... '* 3 1 3 - u
Isaac Devins...,.... 1 2 . 1 ' ;) Joseph ShepP:lrd,., 1 1..1 t
Benjamin Davis..... 1 3 Samuel Sinclair.... 1 2
Jacob Delong........] 2 2 6 Ppter
to cr........ 1 2 21 6
John Divt'r.......... 1 1 3 ti Wm. Sterl'itt........ 1 1 1 3 1 ? 8
Francis Dnnne,...,. 1 1
1 2 Parshal Terry....... 1 1 1 2 6 12

ohn EE erson ........
1 1 g Fred. V. Hoen. d ....
1 2 '2'

A

sE:eer

:..::::: 1 1 1 :: 4

:n
av
ls

ra
.d: 1 1 2

:F
;
U

:.:'

:::
] ï

1
\

::::::::

1 '
ï
I i

Thomas B. Gough... 1 1 Jonathan Wilcott.. 1 2
Alex. Gray.......... 1 1 4 Malcolm \Vright.... 1 ï j 1
Alex. Gray, Jr....... 1 1 Peter \Vilney....... 1 1 1
Alex. Ualloway..,... 1 11
' Wm.
alker.,...... 1 ,. 1
Zach
iaþ Galloway 1

1 2 8 Geo. Weagle,....... 1 1 1 .. 1

Mrs. iv1I1s.......... 3 1 Aaron Wil;;on....... 1 ..
Samuel Heron....... 1 1 3 2 0 Isaac Wilcocks..... 1 1 2 3 1
Thomas Hill......... 1 1 1 3 1 Stephen Elìis........ 1 1 1
William Hill........ 1 _ .!. _

Christian Hendricks 1 1 1 2 5 Total...........Jlll 8226 115 231131 2.{,lW
Christoph'r Harrison 1 1 1 1 2 7
JQseph Harrison..,.. 1 1
l ' 3 Supp!t'mentary to the return of the i!l-
'r. Humbertson...... 1 1 5 habit,lnts of the town of York taken In
Jonathan Hale...... 1 1 . 1 '
March 1805, wh:ch has p:-evious'y been
Joseph Hanes........ 1 1 1 U b' I
John Hanes,........ 1 1 1 3 given, a.re added the following bio(!'rap IC\
Richard Heron...... 1 1 1 3 ::;ketches of the heads of families at that
Henry Hutchens.... 1 2 1 time, It ma y be P :'csumed that the censu!
Lawrence JuhnsJD.. 1 1 II
Abraham Johnson.. 1 1 2 2 6 of 1805 is fairly COITect, although such we
Joseph Johnson..... 1 1 1 3 kn(,wn names as Æneas Shaw, CoI. Givins.
Thoma'.:! Johnson.... 1 1 1
Alex,mder Grant, Ihe Plavtet's. Angus Me-

ichol

oh
Bon...
3 1'2 8 Donne:l, Biron De HoeD, R.
ellder!Son, D.
Thl
:
s
o

t
:::::: 1 4 3 9 \V. Smith. and others a.re not mcluded.
Jesse Ketchum...... 1 1 Wiliiam Al!an was CD'J of the t'arly and
Jesse Ketchum. jUII 1 1 2 3
most promine:,t rt sidt-'nt8 of York. He was
Zebulon Ketchum.. 1 8 the fir"t postma.ster and custom hou>le col.
t
kne
I,I

1

i
'k::

'2
2
.. 10 lector and one of the first merchants. He
Richard] . wrence.. 1
1 I } . 1 ' 3 3.. 8 was one of the organizel'i'l anrl earl}' churcb
John McDougall.... 3 . 3 . 1
wardens of St. J ,,"IDes', During the war of
John .McGill. .Esq.... 1, 2

T...AND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

1812 he was an officer i ,] the YOlk militia.
His first p;ace oi residence and place of
buânes,; was on the east side of FI'eder:ck
street Bouth of King street.
A!exander Burns, in 1797. was the secre,
tuy of PI'esident Peter Russell. who was
then administering the government of the
Proyillce,
David Burns, who had been a navy
ur-
gpon, was the fi!'st Clerk of the Crown for
Upp<)r Canad:J, and one oÏ the Masters in
Chancery. He was the owne:' of the park
lot, sitnated betwepn that of Col. Bouchette,
or late: Col. Givins, and William Chewett.
He died in 1806.
John Beikie camp to York about the be-
ginning of this centUl'y, He was one of the
first members of St. James' church in 1803
III 1811 and 1812 he was liheriff of the
Home Di:strict and at a later period he was
clerk of the Ex
cutive Council. He was a
tall, upri
ht. staidly movine: form
enerally
enveloped in a long, I!Inuff.coloured over-
coat. Where \Vind-or street now appears
with its iron
atps opening into a little
village of vi.las. formerly stood Mr,
Reikie's abode He was Grand Secretary
of the Masonic body 'or a ti:ne
William Warren Rlldwin wa<; a medical
gradu'lte from the University of E
!inburgh
and began life as a physician in Ireland.
On comin2' to Canada at the beginning of
the century he commenced the study of law
in which he became very IiUcccssful. He
was a member of St. James' church from
1803. He acquired the bulk of Peter Rus-
sell's large property on the death of that
gentleman's sister. He had many residences
in town,the principal of which were Spadin t
House at the head of Spadina avenu?, and a
mansion at the north-eas:; comer of Front
and Bay streets.
John Bennett was the printer and pub-
lisher of the Gazette and. Oracle. the fir13t
paper published in York. He bpcame it3
proprietor in 1801, succeedillg Waters &
Simons, and was such in 1807. In 1804 he
pub ished at Y OI'k the Upper Canada .Al-
manac, In 1805 he was Government prin-
ter. His office was at the house of A. Cam-
eron, King street. The family lived on the
north side of Duches3 street, a few feet
flam Shprbourne street. Mrs. Bennett was
a midwi'e, and for years a si
n ovpr the
door read, "Isab
lla Bennett, midwife,
from Glasgow." She lived here up to 1837.
Wi'liam Chewett was in QUf'bec as earl}
as 1772. Shortly after Governor Simcop.'s
arrival at York, he moved to the n w capi-
tal and was Ragistrar of the Horn. Dil!!trict.
For a long time he was an attache of the
Survt'yor-General's D par-tment. He W<\B
the origi,nal possessor of the park lot next

313

west to that of David Burns He was one
of the fnundel's of St. James' church in 1803.
HI' bore the title of Co' onel.
\-VllIia.m Cooper wa.s the builder and
owner of one of the first wharfs and ware-
hou-es in York. It was at the foot of
Church
treet and Was alwavs known as
Goopar's \Vharf. He was one
f the found-
ers of St. Jam s' church in 1803, and pdor
to the erection of that bu lòing a'ld the a.p-
p Jintment of the R
v. Mr. Stuart as incum-
bpnt he was in the habit of reading the 8er-
vice to the AnglIcan cong, egation which
met in the old Parliament bui,ding
.
Hugh Carfr:loe wa'S a.n ear,y York settler,
aud i'l U!23 h!' was pathm
lster of the town.
Archibald Cameron was electeå collector
" at the town meeting held at the city of
York on the 4th day oi March 1799."
J',hn Cameron was a re
ident of York as
t'arly as the year 1801. III 1808 he was the
publisher of tile Gazette. In 1813 he pub-
lished it at Andrew Mercer's house on Bay
street. He still conducted this paper as the
official organ of the Government in 1815,
and was also t.he publisher at the same time
of the Upper Canada .Almanac.
Duncan Cameron was onp. of the early
settlers. He bore the appellation of Honour
able. He was one the foundtrs of 8t. Jamer,.'
church in 1803. He 'Was the owner of the
park lot formerly owned by Captain S
Smith, west of the Gorl:' Vale ravine. III
1818 he was trustee for the Mall, a public
wa.lk along the front of the city g:anted
to the people. His house was the B
ckford
House of to-day. Gore Vale was occupied
after his death by Miss Janet Cameron,
an excellent and benevc,lent lady.
,John Ciark was a miller at thp Humber.
His name appears in an adv,rtisement in
the Gazette of 1803.
George Cutter had settled in York in
the year 1800. In the spring of 1801 he
subscribei ten dollars toward the improve-
ment of Y on2e street.
John Conn was t.he captain of a sloop ply-
ing between York and Niagara. Fl'om
some pecu ia.dty in her contour she was
popula l
spoken of all Captain C'Jnn's Cof-
fio. He still commanded her in 1812.
Isaac Columb wal!! a Frenchman who
settled here about the beginning of the cen-
tury. He was a clf'ver 'Workman in metals.
During the war of 1812 he was armourer to
the a;tarrisoll, and lived nt'ar it. He a.fter
wal-d opened 3 shop in the house former iy
occupied by S
creta.ry Jarvis, at the south-
east Cornpr of Sherbourne Rnd Duke stree>l!.
John Edgell had taken up his reeiùeJ ce
in 'Y orK prior to March 1801, for on the
ninthof that month he subscribed five dollar.
towards the improvement of Y onge street.

314

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Collier Drummond built the house on the
rorth-west 8Ol'oer of V cto1'Ïa and Richmo..d
atreet>:. He aÍLerw&l'ds had a lumber yard
(,tf Y onge street, opposite Trinity squa.re.
Frallcis Frede,l was one of [he manv Ger-
mans who migra.ted to \. ork at an - eaÚy
perio
. His llame is found on an early jury
list.
Joseph Hunt WIo1.I!1 a resid nt of York in
1801. At the beginning of the following
yeal" he waQ a cOlltl-ibutor toward the im-
provement of Y onge street. He was also
one of the pewholders in St. James' church
from its commencement in 1803 to about
1818.
'Villiam Hunter lived in a stone house,
the fir"st elected in York, at the north-west
corner of Church and Lombard streets. He
had taken up his residence here prior to
1801, for his name is found in the spring of
that year amon
the subscribers to the fund
for improviug
Y on
e street. He was the
owner of the Kingstou House!"
William Hunter came ou
with Governor
Simcoe. He was a vel'Y short. man. He
lived for years wi h ThoÏna. Bright. at the
corner of Princes
and Duke a'reets.
Eliphalet Hale in 1800 made a proposal
for ('ptning up Y onge street which wa.s ac-
cepted and the following year he ent....red
upon the work. Hi. dtath is chronicled
thus in the Gazette of Sl pt. 19
h, 1807-
.. Died on the e\'elling of the 17tß instant,
aÎter a .hort iUne's!', Mr. Eliph-tlet Hate,
High Constable of the Home District, an
o:d and resprctable inhaLita.nt of thil!l town.
Frl m the regular cii'cha.r
e of his official
dut:ea he may be considered as a public
loss. "
Henry Hale was a. builder and contractor.
He hdd a bl ick vard 3.t the south-east CO! ne:!'
oi Duke and Geórge 8t1"eets. In 1808 he was
lIolò out by Sheriff Miles Macdonell at the
auit of ELj ,h Ketchum. The house after-
Wil.l ds put up on the >ite of the brickyard
was lJccupied as a rC6idence by Simon 'V a
h.
burn. Me. M cudell, collector of CUl!tom
,
lived in it for years. It is now owned by
Mr. J hn Mi chell.
Robert He ,del son lived in YOlk as early
as ]801. In 1802 he gave ten dollars towil.l.d
the improvement of Y on
e street.
Thom,ls Han,illon'sname is foond in papers
of the year 1807 and 18J5, lie had a place
of bu
iness at the south-west corner of the
Mal ket Square and Front street. He also
had a store ùn Y onge stl eet. He Wi,S a
curoner at one time. He was the fathel" of
Sidn y Hamilton, a.nd grandfd.tber ot Re. B.
Hamilton.
Cd.leb Humphrey Came to York about the
commenct:ment of the century. He was one
of the pewholder
in St. Jame,,' church from

ih estabhhment in 1803 to 1818. He W&J!
a ship carpenter, and had a shop at the
sonth-west corner of Toronto and Allelaide
streetl!l.
Mrs. Herchmer was the widow of Jacob
H rchmer, a merchant of York who carried
on business here in 1801. He was lost in
th
shipwreck of the schooner Speedy in
1805. Mr. Herchmer dea.lt largely in
ginseng, a plant, the root of which ia highly
valued as a medicine. When òry it is
yellowish white in "olour, tasting like
liquorice with a slight arùmatic bitterne8R.
In 1801 Mr. Herchllle I' ndvel,tised to give
two shillin
s a pound for it dded alid one
pound new.
Stephpn Heward was one of th., numerous
family of that name. He wa;; one of the
earlv members of the Church of St. Jamea'.
For -many years he was clerk of the peace
for the Home District. He was a captain
of the York Militia in the war of 1812: and
later bore the title of major.
Hugh Heward was a member of the pro-
mjn
nt Heward family. 011 Aùelaide street,
a. little west of John street, he erected a
rel!lidence at an ear:y period, which is
memorable as having been the abode for a
time d Commodore Jos ph Bouchette, who
first tùok !he soundin
!! and construc;ed a
map of 1 he harbour of York. The honse
WaS once occupied by t he Rev. Dr. Stnart,
Rnd later by Mrs C'Lldwell, the widow of
Dr. Caldwell. lvir. Heward was once clerk
10 the Lieutenant-Governor's office. The
directory of 1805 is in error regarding Mr.
Heward, for he died at Niagara in May,
1803, although his tamilr continued to re-
side here,
\Vil iam Jarvis was a man of Q;reat note in
his day. He was Secretary of the PI'ovince
under Governors Simcoe. Hunter and Gore.
He was fOl"eman or the ju. y wh cb acqui
t-
ed John Small for killing John Whi
e in
a duel in 1800. He was one of the pew-
holders 0 St. Jam"8' from its commence-
ment in 1803, In the dircctOl'Y of 1805 it
will be noticed that he has three servants,as
great a number as anyone in town at that
time. From the fact that hI'! owned two
slaves in 1811 it is fair to l!Iuppose that these
three servants were slavel!l.
\ViIliam Nott or Knott Wß.S a dool keeper
in the House of As
embly. He was wounded
in the fight of 1813 when York was taken
by the Amer"c illS He resided at the north
east eorner oÍ King and Bay.
Samuel Jacl{
on Was a hat manufacturer
carrying on business on Y on!!e I!Itreet. He
was distinguished (l1!I .. Hatter Jackson,"
while MI". .Mills Jackson, another Y onge
street prop: ietor, was called "Jacobil1
Jackson. " 011 the ill va
ion (If Canada. in

LANDMARKS. OF TORONTO.

181'2, Samuel Jack<oll openly avowed his
;sympathy with th invaders and was oblj
ed
to fl,.e from the country. After the war hi!
returned and endeavourell but in vain to
recover pr,ssession of the 1an(1 on Y onge
street, which he had temporarily occupied.
Josenh Kendrick was a vessel owner. A
schoon
r, the Governor Hunter, belonging
to him, was cau
ht and dpstrûyed by the
American.,; at the taking of York, but the
Americ;Jn commander paid a sum of money
to Mr. Kendrick by way of compensation.
Mr. Kendrick was Jost in 1805 in 80 yel;sd
lost on the N.w York side or La.ke Ontario.
Hiram Kel1drick was one of f('ur broth-
erl!l, Joseph, Duke W., Hiram and John,
who were; he organiz:.'d patentee::! of lots
six, seyen, eight and nine, on the west Hde
of Y onge atr. et, above Y orkviìle. Thl y
a.ll had nautic3.1 proclivitie!;'. They ha.d
settled in Y OI"k as early as 1799
Nichol s Klingenbrunner was among t h

nrst settlers of Teuton:c ori
in. His name
is foulld in early jury list<. The ortho-

r..phy was aftt'Twards cha,ng
d to Clinken-
bro')mer.
Thadyus Gilbert was the ancestor of E.
P. Gilbert. He occupied thp premises at
the corner of Bay and Adelaide
treets.
Lewis Bright wa!! the original Bright of
York. He II ved on Queen 8treet on the
present lite
f Shaftesbury hall. He was
the father of the late Mr. Bright, who :iYed
over the Don.
Diver Badche!"ow may be meant for
Badgelow, although it il!l understood that
the liadg
row family came to this countr"y
a.t 80 mup.1t later date.
Paul Merrian, 01' more propf'r:y Marian,
was a native Frenchman, and a baker. One
of his son,> w,
s at the Home Distri,:t Schllol
in 180i. He had a bakery, a soid circu:ar
structure of brick of considerable heigh t,
and diameter, dome shaped, at the rea.r' of
Jordan'" hotel. In 1804:. before the erec-
tion of Jordan's hotel, :he vak'.Jd bread here
at thf' rate 01 nine ]oavel!l for a dollar. Th!J
erectio'l of Jordan's hotel compelled him to
gi ve lip bUE-iness here, but. on its abanrlon-
ment th" OVLn was repaired and el\lar
ed by
Mr. Jacks and Mr. Reynolds, ani! in it \\0.8
baked the bread furnished to the troops and
militia in 1838-9,
Andrew Mercer W
I'I at one time publisher
of the> York Gazette. His name appJars in
1815 as one of the signers of a compliment-
ary address to Governor Gore. His house
was a.t the south-east corner of Bay and
W dlim!'ton s reeta.
John McIntosh was one of a family of
brothers who at an early date commo\nded
bods on the lake. John was the c;jptain of
the Three lkoihers. Hi:; house, contivucu'i

316

to those of his brotherl!l, Wa.Il on the east
side of Y onge st.-eet, a lit t'e above QueE'n.
It wa"1 opposite his residence that the small
riot took place whi<:h sign:tliz'd the return
home of William Lvon Mackenzie in 1849
William Dumme; Powell was of Weish
descent. He was one of the early Chief
.Ju
tio,s of Upper Canada. In 1816 he was
Speaker of the Legislative Council.
He was 80 pewholder in St. James' church
from 1803, His house was on the e:ls"t j,jide
of York street between \Vellington and
F
'ont streets.
Jordau Post was a. tail New E:lgland
ciockmaker who was located in York previ-
ous to 1802. He carried on his business on
I<'ing Stre"t and also on Duke street. He
acquired a large amount oi prop rry in this
town a.nd was the owner of t e Kin!! str'eet
fronta'te on the south side betweeu Bay and
Ynnge streets.
Ezekial Post Wa"l one of the sam:.! tamily
to which Jordan Post belonged,
John McDonelì was one of the large
families of that name early sp,ttled at York.
In 1804 he was Lieutenant of the county of
Gien'tary
John McBeth's name appears in ]802808 a
subscribpr to the amount of three doilal's for
the improvempnt of Yonge street.
Thorn tS Mosley was the pri nciptl auc-
tioneer and appraiser of York. He had lost
the use of hi,; lower limb3 by a frost b:t".
In his house he moved about with the he)n
of chairs. 'Vhen going to ch urçh or to ã.
distance he was lifted into a wagont'tte by
his sons, together with th
chairs. His
dw l1in
anrl mart were on the north dde
of King street, a little east of GeorgI" str
et,
where Thomas McMullen now i!!. His son
at a. later date had. store in the market
builtlings.
D,ma,d :McLean was an early cle k of the
House of th
Assemb:y, He was a pew-
holder in St. James' from 1803. On the in-
yasion of York in 1813, the Recei\"er,Gene-
ra.l's iron chest Wo\.S deFosited in his h. use.
Mr. McLean was killed while opposinJi!: the
landing of the Arne: ic.lUs. His house wa

plundered, tne che,>t was hrok
n oppn, and
about one thousand silver dollars were taken
from it.
John Bal;ties Stitte was one of the settlerl!.'
of Teutonic origin, aud he might have been
among those who were bduced to come to
York from Colonel \-Villhmwn's settlement
0:1 the Pultpney estate, nuw Ba.th, Steuben
county, N. Y., nam:,d after L'Ldy B:\'\'h.
· James Crawford Was perhaps a relative
of Mr, L. Crawford, whose arrival at Nia-
gara in the spring of 1793 is noted iu the
first numb '1' of the Gazette.
James McBdde was a mlmber of the

316

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

same family M E. \V. McBride and Juhn

lcBriùe. The }.tttel' wa
lost in a ve sel
\\' rtcked on the New York side of the lake
in December 1805, John Kendrick,another
York man, bt:'ing lost at the same time.
The name oÎ the former i
f..Jund among
the s;fluatuns appended to the cOlJgr'J.tu-
latory addrel!ls pl'
sented to G')vernor Gore
in 1815.
Hugh :McLean \Tas one of the numer,.us
and 'prominmt iilmily of that name to
which Chief Justice McLean beionged,
Curistian Mires is prob..l.b'y for 'Christian
)tlyerø. There were people of this name at
York at an eady date. in 1815 Captain
Myers commanded a ves
el p1ying berwetn
York and Niagara, and in 1819 two br,ys of
this Dame attended the Home District

chool.
Alexander Logg or Le!!ge, as the nam,: is
sometimes sp,.Ued, was one of the eal':y pew.
holders of ðt James' church in 1803. In
1815 his n:\me is amon&r those si
ned to a
comVllmentary addre
s to Governor Gore.
He ha't a store on King S Teet t:ast and at
one time lived in the honf'e now stanclmg on
the north east corner of Front and Puncess
"treet.
Jt.h!1 Lyons is only known from the fact
that he Wag an attendant at St. Jam s'
church at an early p'riod.
John
IcGlll was one of thos
who came
to the new Province of Upper Canada in the
tra.in of Governor 8imcoe. In 1793 he was
locaterl a.t Niagar:;. as Commisl!lioner of
Stores for
he P..ovince. In 1794 he had
m,)v..d to York and was supervising the
erect ion of the fi:'st p rlia.mell t buildings.
In 1805 he WitS In-pector of General Pro-
vincial Pd.rIiamel1tary Acts. H was one of
the orgalliz
rs of St. James' church, Hf'
was th
original owner ot the p:J.l'at lot on the
southern part of which the Metropolita!l
church now stands. His honse on the same
site was in exist3nce tip to EIo comparatively
recent date. He bore the title of C,1pt dn
ani Honourable.
George
rookshltnk, the brother-in-law
of Ca.ptain John McGill, was an el\.I'ly
Rec
iver.General of the province. HIs
house wa,> on Fl"Ont street, just WèSt of
wbere Windsor street now is. He was a.
pew holder in St. James' church fl'om its
organ z-\tioll, and in 1818 he gave one hun-
dred pounds towards the enlargement of the
church erlifice.
Allan McNab, or MacNab, was thepromi.
nent M,'cNal
of the p..riod. He was Usher
of the Black Rod to thp. House of Ass mbly
and father of Sir Allan MacNab. In 179')
he wa
imprisoned for debt at Nia
ara, but
broke j;
il, and the sheriff advertised a. re-
ward of two hundred dollars for his c:-lptur
.

His home at York was on King street, "
littl- west of the D;}D, opp')sire the street
C<l,r st.. b
es. The building is still standing.
A!exander McD,mnell or Macdonell was
thp. first :5p !akel' of th: H lu
e of A-jsam
'y
of Upper Canada. On the removal of th,.
Government from Niagar1\ to York he
settled h reo In 1804 he was a
ain eiected
member to rc'p
'esent the counties of Dur-
ham and 3imcoe a.nd the E
st Ri.ling of
York. He was one of the earliest pew-
holders in St. James' church He built a
fin
resideì:ce at the north-east Corner of
John and Adelaide streets, which is still
standing.
Dr. Jame .}lac'\uby W,lS an army 5ur
eon
attached succ
l:!sively to the 33l'rl R,.
iment
and to thf' Qn 'en'" Rangers. ,rh ca.me to
York in the lattm' part of the last c:ntury,
and obtained the
rant of the first park lot
W
!lt oi Yonge stree-. He was one of tbe
organiz
rs of St, James' church. His house,
Terau:ay Cottage, stood Wht're 1'rinity
square now is. On the opening of the
"quare it was removed from its original
poshio'l, and in 1848 it was destroyed by
fi:'e. He resid..,d for years on what is now
the Kin'..:ston House corner of Church and
Lombanl streets.
John Pinkerton, or Pilkington, liY"cd in a
house west of Trinity chLlrch, neal' what
was ca[:ed Goodman's Creek.
John R IS8 was an undertak.'r. His thst
place ot husi Jess was now the Globe office on
.King stl'eet. He then moveli to Ade' aide
strèet, west of Peter. Ross took char
e of
General Brock's body at Queenston, anJ :t
said that this gave him the first idea of going
into that particular line of trade.
Peter Robinsou wa
one of the represent-
atives in the Honse of the Assemb'y Ìor the
counties of York and Simcoe. In 1827 he
wa.s Commissiouel' of Crown Lands He
was a shareholder in the
imcoe, a boat
built in 1840 to ply between Holland
La.nding and the ports of Lake Simcoe.
1 he boat which preceded the Simcoe was
named after hiOl, the Peter Robinson. He
was instrumental in s!'ttlin
the'rellÍon in
which the Canadian Pèterboröueh is situated
awl from him tha.t town ha.s its name.
\oVm, B. Robinson in 1847 was Commis-
sioner of Public \Vorks an..1 later was one of
th
Chief C .mmissioners of the Canada
Comp \ny, He was the brothel' of Peter
R ,hinson, and from him received the Elisha
Br,lmiin estate at Newmarket, where he !'e-
sided for a tim'
, npre>,eoting for a number
of years the county of Simcoe in the provin-
cial parliamellt. Ht! was a very hospihble
man, and governors, commodores and c
m-
manders-in-chief were glad to rest at his
fire-side. Here S I' John Franklin was en

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

317

te,rtainerl for some daV8 ill 1835, and at
other periods Sir John Ross and Captain
Bach. when on their wa.y to the Arctic
regions.
James Robinson was nfJt related to Peter
and W m. B. Robinson.
Peter RUl!Isell W'J.S a. descendant of the
RuslJells of Bedford. England. He i!arly
settled 9,t Ni3
ara. He ,,,as Receiyer-
General and member of the Executive and
L
gislative CO
Ißcils. On the retirement of
Governor Simcue in 1796 he ,becam? Presi-
dent of the gO'Yernment of the provlDce and
the next year took up his pErmanent abode
at York, in the resid...nce which he built, at
the south,west corner of Fl'ont and Princess
streets, which became well known as Rus-
sell Abbey. He acquired a vast amount of
property ill and about York. He
was one of the organiz
rs of St. Jame3'
church. H
died Septlmher, 30th, 1808
Thomas Ridout was an Englishman and
senior mé'mber in Ca.nada of the large fami-
ly of that nam? He had settled in York
before the beginninR of the present c:mtury.
He was Surveyor General of the Provincp.
He was one of the earliest pewholders in St.
James' church and in 1818 was church
wal'den. His home WJ.S on Duke street
near the head of Ontario street.
Samuel Ridout was at one t:me Sheriff of
the County of York. He b:came the owner
of the p3.rk lot directly eallt of Sherbourne
I!Itreet which Wa.R origiually owned by John
\Vhite, Attorney-General of the Province.
Thomas Scott was Attorney-General a.nd
later Chif'f JusLÍce of Uppé'r Canada.. He
wa.s a. pewholde1' in St. J amei' church from
its organ i zat.ion. His house and grounds
were on Front street, between Church and
Y ooge streets.
Rev, G. Okill Stuart was the fLst in cum,
bent of St. Jamel!l' church. In 1807 he
started the Home District school at the
south-ea.st corner of Kin
and George
streets. He preached the funeral sermon 01
tbe Hon. .Peter Russell here in 1808, In
1813 he was still at Y o:k, but shortly after-
ward became rector of St. George'l!I, Kin
-
ston, and Archdeacon. He was a tall, fine
featurerl and benevolent ecclesia.stic.
"Tjlliam Smitn was a buildør who came
to York with Governor Simcoe.. He was
the first man to take up a building lot
after the laying out of the town plot. The
lot lIeh cted on which he built a honse
which is still !-ota.nding, was at the 110rth

east corner of King and Sherbourne street.
Wm. Smith. jr., Wil.l the son "f William
Sm'th. one of the pioß(:erl!l in Governor
Simcoe'l!I train. He built ... house on King
street, jUllt east of Sherbourne, adjoil1ln

hi3 fatht)r's, and afterwardl &lIoth r iust

ea-.!t oÏ the DJn on thb Kinj;(ston road, OD
the property recently sold to the city by hi.
son, John Smith.
Quetton St. George was a French royalist
officer, who fied to Cana.da durin
the
Fren'
h revo'udon. He camg to York and
engaged in mercantile pursuits, erecting for
a stol'e and residence the 6r;:;t brick build-
ing in the town, now standing at the north.
east corner ot King and Fr,'derick streets
and occupied by the Ca.nada Comp my. He
adopted; he surnamp. of St. George becanse
of the fact that he first set foot on English
soil on St. Gtorge's Day_ He was a pew
holder in St. James' church from it
com-
mencement.
Thomas StoyeH was an immigrant. non-
pract:sing mð.lical man from the United

ta.tes. In 1799 h
was elp.cted one of the
as
essors of the t IWl1. For a time he con-
ducted an inn known as Stoy U's Tavern,
formerly the inn of Abner Miles, at the
south-we8t corner of King and
herhourne
streets. He also ran a brewery at the south-
e'lst corner of
herbourl1e and Duchess stll.
He started a meat market at the north-east
corner of Ontario and King street::> in oppo-
si
ion to the St. Lawrence market. He \\11.8
supposed to nave Republll.:an procljviti
's.
and in a series of burlesque nominations
made in 1827, in deris:on of the Reformer8,
he is put down as one "of the Executive and
LeQ'islative c uncillors.
Daniel Tiel s had settled in York as early
as 1800. He first op
ned a " Beefsteak and
Beer House" in the town, and about 1808
he estabhshed the Red Von Ïnn on YI ne;e
street, one of the most famous hostelries in
the early history of the town.
John Va11z.oI.ntee, 11.5 it i'l spelled in the
directory, Van Zante, Van Zaut or Van
Za.ndt, as it if: otherwise various'y spelled,
was one of the early pioneers of Teutonic
origin who marlp. York their home, He was
pathma.ster in 1807. A number of p'tbhc-
spinted persons and labourers, bired through
a donation of $50 from Lieutenant Governor
Gore in that yea.r, made an effOl-t to im-
prove the condition of Y onge street at the
Blue Hill ravine, for which Pathmaster Van
Zante returns thanks in the Gazette both for
himself and the 1>ubiic
Garret Vanz-\nt was the brother of
John. H:s familv now live at M
rkham.
JI)hn Ba.sil or B ,zeil in 1813 was . orier
in the oid Court home at the north side of
Richmonõ street.
.Phillip Clin.ller or Pdul Clinger or Kli!lger
was a bh,ck3mith, who for yei.rl!l had a shop
on the presen[ site of the Bank of Brltilsh
N"rth America at the noth-east CQ1'D4tr of
Y onsze and Wellington streets.
J, hn Thorn's name il!l not found iD tÀe

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

318

tarly record"', hut am,mg the early settlers
along Y ung . str, et 'was a. MI'. Thorn, an
English gentltID \n from Dorsetshire, from
whom Thornhill derives its name.
Wil iam Wilcocks, or Willcocks, as it i->
also spëllfd, was IIllied by marriage to,: Dr.
\ViI iam Warren Baldwin. He was sf.ttied
in York prt"vious to 1801. In 1802 he was
judge of (he Home D strict Court. He was
on3 of the first p wholders of St. J!l.mes
church. He was the owner of the }Mrk
lot dirpctly west of Spadina avenue.
Lak.' Wil cock
, a body of water in
the Oak Rdges, has its name from hIm.
Jost-ph Willcocks was bheriff of York in
1805. Politica ly he W,I8 an ultra Reform 'I'.
In 1807 he was the publi8h
r of the Upper
Canadian Guardian, w h ch came to an em!
with the outbreak of the war of 1812,
Joseph at first loyaLlY bore arms on the
Canadian side, but at length deserted to
the enemy. taking with him some of the
Canaciian mi itia. He was Hf,prwards killed
at the siege of Fort Erie in 1814.
Charles Willcocks was a relative of
Joseph, but notwithilta.nding this he once
challene-td 'lÍm to a duel, Jl's"ph howevpr,
did not appear on the ground a.t the time
&opp linted. Charles \Yi locks wrote a history
of his own life and in 1818 he advertised to
publish it by subscriptIOn at a do
la.r a
copy. Before he came to Canada he had
been a lieutenant in the CIty of Cork militia
William \Veekes was a barrister, who
h'd settled in Yo k previous 10 1801. In
1804 he ran agi10imt Angus :McDonell as can-
d date to represent the County of Durham,
the Ea.stRld'ng of York, and the County of
SiID
oe. He was defeated but the next
year he was
lected to fil1 the vacancy
caused by the death of Mr McDonell who
was lost in the schooner Sp-:eJV, a fat

which Mr. Wetk oS narrowly etlCap
d only
to find deatil the following year on the field
of honr.ur for he wa
shot in a duel \\ it I!
Mr. V ckson 011 the 20th f f October, 1806
and d eel the same rlay. The du
l took pace
on the American si"e of the Niagara river.
Mr. Weekes waa a ulliversalfavòurÏte. H

was a b.lchelor amI very fond of : hooting.
Alexander Wood was one of the early
merchants of York. Previous to 1800 he
came here to sel tle up the affairs of a
brother who had been e'lgaged in bus:ness
here and had died. Mr. \V ood car ied on
the bu!oineS8 u til the ùutbrlak of the war
of 1812, at the north.west COrnel" of King
and Fl'ederick street, where he also jived,
He was 110 bachelor. He was one of the pew-
holders in S . Jame,l from its commence,
ment. H. was secreta,'y of the Loyal anJ
p..triotic Society of 1812. He retUlned to
Scotland after the war and died there.

F.,lwar<i Wright was an early settler of
York. F 'I' years he conducted the Green-
land Fi"hery, an inn at th? north-west cor-
ner of Front and John streets. In 1815 he
was one of the signers of an add,.ess to
Governor Gore on his return from England.
Tnomas R Johnson had a wage-on shop
at the north-west corner oi King and
'o-
ronto streets, on the site of the preaent
Asslst3.nt Receiver-General's officI'.
Francis Beìcour was a little Fre!lchman
who owneù the lot on the north-wpst corner
0" Front and George streets. on which W..I.S
built Roache's Hotel. The fathpr-in-Iaw of

1r. William H
lliwell bought the lot from
B
cour's son aite:- his father's death. The
widow claimed that he could not sell as he
was not of age, and a law suit
n
u' d. M!8.
Belcour went to visit rel..üives in D
:roit,
but on her way wa.s 10 t with the vessel on
which she had taken passage in Like Erie,
and the f!uit t'ndeå. Mr. Adam Wilson who
was counsel for the purchasers went up to
D Jtroi
in the interest of his clienri a3d
lea! ned the news.
Mrs. Rm'Ill was the mother of Mr. John
Small, Clerk of the Crown and the buJder
of thJ Small homestead at the south-west
corner of King and Berkeley streets.
Patrick \Vard's name iø not found in 01(1
document:;, but there was a Thomas Ward
settled here as early a,:\ 1802.
\Villiam Waters was one of the publishers
of the Upper Canada Gaulte or American
Oracle.
Jam s Wilson's n1'tme is 110t found in old
records but Daviri. Wilson or Wiilson the
founder of Sharon or Hope, 8S it was once
c Illcd, was a great notability. He joined the
Q'lakf'rs. but was cut off for some p
culiari-
tv of doctrine and f ,rmed a denomination
d his own with a temple at Sharon, His
arihel'ents at times US
ll the 011 court house
on R:chmond street for their services.
\Villi<\lß H LI oWQ,y wa.s the keep
r of the
hghthouse on Gibralter Point at a la
r
period than the date of this census.
- Catharine Davis may ha.ve bpen the
widow of Benj.\mlll Davis, on
of the pound-
keep
r,. ûf York in 1799, Thpre Wi\'I also a
Calvin D.wis, deputy sheriff and offie'er ill
the Division court, a b'acksmith l,y (rade
and succeliSor tc Philip Klingerysmitny, on
the east side of Y onge street, near WeUitllZ-
ton.
I"aac Mitchell was one of the f mily of
Mitchells who settled on Yonge street at an
ear Y T' riod.
N a.mes of some personl'! are given in the
censns vi 1805. of whom no trac' is to be
found. 1 hey are :--John AI,wol'th. John
Ai
e, Tousaine B -lIow, Joseph Beston,
William ß<LileV, Jacob Clayton, Luke

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

819

Caryl, Joseph B. Cox, John
D"bLwr, John De Savern, William
De Mont, Nancy Forbes, John Ueff"'ries,
Thomas Hind. John Howell, Peter Kuhn,
Da.mel Lau
hlin. William Night, Gideon
Orton, Ru
"ea Olmstead, Samuel Olmstead,
Samuel Osburn, George Turvis, Francis
Pollard, John Rablin, Mrs. Fly, Jost'ph
Thornton, Mrs. \Villiams, Elizi\beth Lewis,
Geor
e F,Jx.
It will b" noticed by comparing these names
with the census that many wt're unmarried
while many others had no children to per.
petuate their m mory. Another bct is that
with a single t:xception none of the unknown
persons k,'pt servants. This would scem to
indicate th,Lt most of them were labourers or
members of the lower ranks of society and
on thi., account there was nothing by which
their memories could be preserved fro m
forgetfulne"s.

CHAPTER CVI.
THE COURT HOUSES.

Tbe A.dmlnlltratlou of .Juøttee from tbe
Time o. the Settlement or 't'ork, with tbe
BaUdloKI I.n whleh tbe (:onrt. were Udd.
In the early days of York the Court ot
Kin
's Bench held its sessions in a portion
of the Governm
'nt Buildillgs at tho t:ast
end of the town which were destroyed in
the war of 1812. On June 25, 1812, John
Beikir', tb.e
heriff, adverti ed in the
Gazette tha.t a "Court of G.-neral Quarter
Ses
iol1e of the Peace for the Home District
",ill be holden at the Government Buildings,
in the town of York, Ob Tut:sday tÞe four-
teenth dlLY of Ju!y now next ensuing, at the
hour of ten o'c ock in the foreIloo'l. of
which all Justices of the Peace, C
ro-
nen, J'\olers, High Constable, Constables,
and .Bailiffs are de.ired to take notice and
that they be then and there present with
their roll>!, records and other memorandd,
to do and perform those thin!Zs which by
reason of their re
p
ctive offices, shall be to
he done." It was with the court room in
the Governmen:; buildings that the jud
e,
sheriff and crown counsel Wtre famili Lr who
Wère engulied in Lake Outario in 1805. The
story of I he total loss of the Go\'el nm..nt
schooner Spe l dy, Captain Th<.,mas Pdxton,
has of en b
en told. In that ill. fated ves-
sel suddellly went down in a
;
le in the
dead of "ight along with its cf,mmand
r and
crew, JuJ
e Cochrane, So
ici or General
Gray, Mr Allgu;> McDonell,
heriff of York,
Mr. FI."her, the high bail If, an Indian pri-
soner r..bout to be tried at PI'esqu'
Isle for murder, two interpreter,;,

Cowan and Rug
les, several witne,ses and
Mr. Herchmer, a m
rchant, of York, in all
thirty-nine persons, of whom no tl'ace was
ever afterwards discovered l.'he weather
W'lS threatenini<:, the
ea on or the y
ar
stormy, the 7th of October, a.nd the
lichooner was suspected not to be sea-
worthy. But the orders of the Governor-
General, p, ter Hunter,
ere peremptory.
Mr. Weekes escaped the fate that l)('fel so
many connf'cted with his profession bv de-
cidin
to make the journey to Pre,qu' Isle
0.1 horseback. Mr. Wet'kes was the suc-
c
ssful candidate for the se It in the House
rendl.red vacant by the su Iden removal of
Mr. McDonell. The name ot th9 Indian
who was on h;s way to be tried
was Ogetonicut. His brother, \Vhistling
Duck, had been killed by a white man, and
he took his rpvenge on John Sh'\rp, another
white man. Th.' deed was done 'l.t Bull
Point, on Lake
.:ugog, where John Sh'up
was in charge of a tradillv pOðt for furs
belonging to the Messls, Fa-rewe!]. The
Governor had promised, so it was alleged,
that the slayer of Whistling Duck should
be punished, but a twelvemonth had eiu.p,ed
and nothingha.d heen done. The whole tribe,
the Muskrat br;wch of the Chippewd.s, with
their Chief Wabbekisheco at thdr head,
cam' UP in canoes to YOlk on this occasion,
starting from the mouth of Annis cref'k, near
Port Oshawa, and encamping at G:b
altar
Point. on the penineula in front of York.
A
uard of soldiers went over to assist
in the arrest of Ogetonicut, who, it appears,
had arrived with the rest. (;hi, f Wabbe.
ki;;heco took the culp\"Ït bv the shou <ler and
delivered him up. He was lodged in th

jail at York. Durin" the summH it was
PToTed by mea.ns ()f a survey tha.t the .pot
where Silarp had been killed was w ithb thfl
district ()f N ewcQstle. It was held nwes.
sary, then,fore, that the trial should take
place in that di"trict. Sellick's, at the
carrying p'a.ce, was to have b 'en tho> scene
of the investi
ation, and thither the Spepdy
was bound when she foundered. Mr

Justice Cochrane was &. most estimable
char1lcter personally, and a man of dl>,tin-
guibhed abi,ity. He was only in h s twenty-
ej
hth year, and hal been Chief Justice
01 l\Wllce EJ ward Island before. his
rriTal
in 'Q'pper Ca adf\. He wa!O a : atlve of
H .lifax in Nova Scotia, but hRd s udied
law in Lillcoln's Inn, a.nd was calle.1 to the
bar in Enaland. Af cr tht: de,nruction ot
the Gove;nment huildings by the Am
rican.
in the war of 1812, the COUI t house was re-
moved to the
outh side of Queen !<tree', to
a two-bturey pldin frame buildil1g t'rected
and occnpiefl previou:sly as a resi<lenc by
Alexander Mont,,"omery, f ,ther of the Mont-

320

ILAND:\fARK
OF TORONTO.

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LA
DMAR.KS OF TORONTO.

321

S!'omerys, once of the neighbourhood of terminus of Y onge street was at the corner
Egìmton, on Y onge street, This building, of Montgomery's lot. At this point
which is shown in the illustration, was a the farmers' wlloe-g,ms from the north turned
notable object in its day. In fill old p
an of over to the eastward, proceedine- as far as
the town it is con
picuously designated. Toronto street, down which they wended
In a list of the houses of York after the their way to Richmond street, and. so on to
war, there appearòl a reference to this house, Church street and KIDg street, finally
it being e-iven as tbe house owned by Joshua reaching the market pi ace , In "To-
Leach, and used for a Court House, the ronto of Old," Dr. ::Scadding, from
other public buildings of the place being the whom much of the information in this
CQmmis!;ariat Stores, the Government article is taken, says: It was startling to re-
House, thl' Council Cha.mber, at the p
esent member of a. sudden that our early Upper
north-west corner of York and 'Vellington Can'idian judges, our early Upper Canadian
streets, the District school, St James' barristeriJ came fresh from th} \Vestminster
churCh and the Parliament House by the Hall Courts. \Vhat a contrast must have
Little Don. This building stood lD a. Sp1C
been pres;>nted to these men in the rude
defined by the p:'esellt line of Y onge street wilds to which they found themselves tra.n-
on the west by nearly the present line of I sported. Ri !ing the circuit in the home.
Victoria. stre. t on the east, by Queen on the midland, eastern and western districts at
north and by Richmond street on the south. , the beginning of the pre3ent century was
Though situated nearer Queen street than no trivial underhking. Accommodation

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Richmond street, it faced the lat
er and was for man and horse was for the most
approached tram the latter. It was Mr. part scant and comfortlpss. Locomotion
Montgomery who obtained by legal process by land and water was perilous and s'ow
the oppning of Queen street in the rear of and racking to the frame. The apartments
his property. In cons quence of the ravine procurable for the court we're of the hum-
the allowance for this street as laid down in blpst kind. Our pione,>r jurisconsults in
the first p.lans of York had been closed up thdr several degrees, however, like our
by authorIty from Y onge street to Caroline, pionef rs generally, unoffidal as well a.ø
now Sherboul'De street. It was seriously pro- , official, did their duty. They quiDtly
posed in 1800 to closp up Queen stret:t to the initiated in thp c
nntry customs of gravity
westward abo from Yonge street as far as and ord r whi(;h have now become tradi-
the common, that is, tl1e whole Garrisl}n t:onal, and we see therèsult in the decent
reserve, on the ground tha
such street was I dignity which surrounds at the present d'lY
wholly unnecessa.rV. there bein
in that the administration of justice in Canada in
direction already one highway into the t,he courts of every grade.
town, Richmond stff'et, situated only ten 1 In the old Richmond s reet Court House
rods to tbe soOth, In 1800 the southern were a;:signed to c,-,nvicted culprits, with
21

22

LAND
lA RKS OF TORONTO.

----
. ----- --------
-

1
i
I
i
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
t
,
I

LANDMARKSOF TORONTO.

unflinching severity, and in nO inconsider-
able instances, all the penalties enj lined in
the crimir..al code of the day, t
Ie lash, the
pillory, the I!Itocks, the g<LI OW.3. Old inha-
bitan s of Toron 0 have not only here heard
the penalty of branding ordered by the
judge, but have actually seen it in open
court inflICted, the iron bein
heated in the
gr,
at wC'od-stove that warmed the ror m.
and the cu
prit made to stretch out his hand
and h_lve burnt thereon the initial I tter of
the offence committed_ The old court house
when abandoned by tht> law authorities fo,"
the new buildings on King street, was after-
wards occasionally employed for rehp;ioiUl
purposes. By advertist-'ment in the Ad-
vocate, in March, 1834, we learn that alÌ.
herents of David \Viluson, of \VhirchurcÌ1,
!lometim
s ma Le use of it, It is there an-
nounced that" The Children of Peace will
hold worship in the old Court House of
YOlk, on Sunday, the 16th instant, at
eltTen and three." SUo sequentJy it be
I)ame for a. time the Hou,e of Industry or
Poor House of the town
'l:he fOllowing notice of the "Children of
p...ace" occurs in Patrick Bwift's Almanac
for 1831, penned, probably, with an eye to
votes in the neighbourhood of Sharon, or
Hope, I\S the place is hpre called. h This
society," this almanac reports, I< numbers
about 280 membera in Hope, east of New-
market. 'rhey have al,o stated places of
pn aching, at the old Court House, York,
on Y onge street, and at Markham. Their
pdncip'LI
p:>aker is D,wid \Vill
on, assisted
by ,Murdoch .McLeod, Samuel Hughes, a.nd
others. Their music, vocal and instru-
mental, is excellent, and their preachers
seek no PJ.Y from the Governor out of the
taxes. ..
B sides the legal c:tses tried and the
judgments pronounced wIthin the homely
walls of the ùld Court House, interest wou
d
attach to the curious scenes-cou
d the v
b
recovered and described-which ther'"e
occurred, arising sometimes trom the primi-
tive rus
icity of the juries, &nd some-
times from the imperfect mastery of
the En
lish language, many of them be-
ing, as the German settlers of Markh3.m and
Vaughan were indiscriminately called
Dutchm tn. P
ter Krnest, appearing in
court with the judgment of a jUt'Y of which
he Wd.S foremd-n, began to preface the same
with a number of peculiar G rmaIl-English
exprcsbions which moved Chief Justice
Powell to cut him short by the n mark that
he would have to commit him if he swore
When Ernest observed tha.t the perp
exitit's
through which he and the jury h&<1 been
endeavouring to find their way, were enongh
to make better mE"n than they were

323

express themselves in an unusual way. The
ver,lict, pure anà simple. was df'manded.
Ernest then announced that the verdict
which he had to de:iver was, tha.t
h.lf of the jury were for "guilty"
and halt for "not guilty". "That
is," the judge observed, " you
wou!d have the prisouer half-ha..,ged, or the
half of him hanged. " To which Peter re-
nlied that would be as his L'Jrdship pleased.
I.t was a case of ho.n cide. Being sent back
they agreed to acquit.
Old passage:>, to'1, between pertinaciou.3
counsel and ne
tled jndgí'B sometimes oc-
cUlTed, as when MI'. H. J. Boulton, freøb
from the Inner 'l'emp
e, sat down at the
per,'mptol y order of the Chief J .stice, but
added. ., I will I'!it do\\ n, my Lord,:but I
sha.ll iusta.ntly stand up again."
Chief Justice Powell, when on the bench,
had a humrJUr()us way occasionally of indi-
cating by a kinå of qUIet by p!ay, by a.
gentle I'hake of the head, a series of little
nods or movements of the eye or eye-brow.
his estimate of an outre hypothesis or an
ad captandum argument, This was now
and then disconcerting to advocJ.te
anxious
to figure, for the moment, In the eyes of a
5imple-minded jury as oracles of extra
authol ity.
NLhts, likewise, there would be to be
descdbed, passed by juries in the diminu-
tive jury-room, eithpr tilrou
h perplexity
fairly arising out of the evidence, or through
the dogged obstinacy of an individual.
Ollce, as we have heard from a sufferer on
tite occ<\sion, C'olon< I Duggan was the mea.nc
of këeping a jury 10ckE'd up for a night here,
he being the sole dissentient on a particular
point. That night, however, was converted
into one of memorable festivity, our inform-
ant said, a tolerable supp'yof provisions
and comforts having b
en conveyed in
through the window, sent for from the
horn's of those of the jury who were resi-
dents of York. The recusant CoJonelwaa
refused a moment's rest throu
hout the
live long night. During twelve long hours
pranks and sounàs were indulged in thac
woulà have puzzled II. foreigner taking notes
of Canadian court house usages.
\Nhen ten o'clock a.m. of the next ddo"
arri ved, and the court reassembled, Colonel
Duggm suddenly and ob'iginglv effected the
release of him
elf and his tormentors by
consenting to make the 11eCe8S&ry modifi-
ca.tionR in his opinion.
Of one characteristic scene we have a re-
cord in the books of the court itself. On the
121h January, 1813, 8.8 a duly impan'.lled
jury were retiring to their room to consider
of their verdict, a remark was addreø
ed to
one of their IMlmber, namely, Samuel Ja.ck.

24

LAND
IARKS OF TOROSTO.

son, by a. certa.
n Sim:m Morton, wh 0 had
been a witness for the defence; the
remark, as the record not s, was in these
words, to wit: ,. Mind your eye," to which
the said J dck50n replied " Never fear." The
crier of the court, John Bas d, duly makes
affidavit of thb illicit transaction, AccJrd-
ingly, on the appearance in court of the
jury, f,lr th
purpo
e of rendering their ver-
dict, Mr. Baldwlll, attomey for the prosecu-
tion, m')ved that the said J,lCkson be taken
into cus
ody. and the judge g ,v.-; order
"' that Samuel Jàckson åo immediately
enter into recogniza.nces. himself in f:50 and
two sureties in f:25 each, for his app!arance
0:1 the Sa
Ul'day following at th3 office of
the Cierk of the Peace, which," as the re-
cord somewhat inelegaI1t;y adds, "he done."
He duly appeared on the Saturday indi-
cated and, pleading ignorance, WAS dis-
charged.
in the Court House in 1822 was
tried a cunou!! case in re.sp2ct
of a horse claimed by two parties,
M
jor Heward, of York, and Gen/>ral
\Yadsworth, comm Indant of the United
States ga.rrison at Fort Niagara. Major
Heward had reared b. sorrel colt on his farm
east of the Don, and when it wa, three
years old it was 'stolen. Nothin2" cc\me of
the offer of _rew:ard for its recovery until a
twelve month after the theft, when a young
horse was brought by a stranger to Major
Heward at York, and instantly recognized
by him as his fost property. :5ome or me
Major's neighbou:"slikewise had no doubt of
the animal's identity, which, moreover,
when taken to the farm entered of his own
accord th(: stable anå the stall the missing
colt used to occupy, and, when let out into
the adjoining pasture greetEd in a friendly
way a former mate, and ra.n to drink at the
customary watering p'acE'. S:lortlyafter,
two citizens of the U. S., Kelsey and Bond,
ma.ke their appearance at York and claim
the hor.;:e which they find on Major Hew-
ard's farm, a'3 the property of GQneral
\Va.dsworth, commandant at Fort N iag9.ra.
K u l'3ey swore that he h ul reared the auimal,
that he had docked him with his own hands
whln ûnly a few hours o'd, and that hp. h'l,d
so
d him about a year a!;o to G
neral Wads-
wor;h. Bond also swore positively that this
was the horse which Kelsey ha'l reared, and
that he himself had broken him in, prior to
the sale to General \V'1dsworth. It was ai-
leged by thèse persons that a man na med
D"cksteader had stolen the horse from Gen-
eral W ad;;worth at Fort Niagara and had
conveyer! him across to th
Cana.dian s;d:>.
In con"equencþ. of the po -itivè evidence ('f
these two men the jury ga.ye their verdict
in Íàvour of Gener'!'l \Vadsworth's clJim,

with damages to the amount of f:50. It was
neverthelcss genera.lly held th3.t Kelsey and
Bond's minute narrative of the colt's early
history was a fiction, and the D.Jcksteader,
the man .vho conveyed the animal from the
United States side of the river to Canadian
soil, had also had som.-;thing to do with the
transfer of the s:tm
anim"lol from Cana.da 1:>
the United :Shtes a twelvemonth previously.
The suhject oÎ this story survived to the
year 1851, and was reco
11lz
d and known
among all old inhabitants as .. .Maj:Jr Hew-
ard's famous horde, Toby."
Within the Court H )use on Richmond
street, took place in 1818. th. celebrated
trial of a number of prisoners brought down
from the R9d River Settlem ;nt on charges
of "high treason, murder, robbery a.d
conspiracy," as pr<.ferred against them by
Lord Selkirk, the found'r of the Settle-
ment. This trhl has been rela.ted at length
in a form 'r article.
At a subsequent Court of Oyer and Ter-
miner, held at York, a true bill aga.inst K\rl
Selkirk and nineteen others was found by
the uralld jury, for "conspiracy to ruin the
trade of the North-West Company." Mr.
W m. Smith, under-sheriff of the Western
District, obtaiaed a verdict of f:500 damages
for having be
n seized and confined by the
sa.id Earl when endea.vouring to serve a
warrant on him in Fort \Villiam; and
Daniel McKenzifil, a retired partner of the
North-We
t Company, obtaiñed a verdict
of f:l,500 damages for alleged false imprison-
m9nt by the Earl in the same fort. Two
years later, n ,mely, in 1820, Lard S.lkirk
died at .Pau, in the south of France.
On the north side of King street between
Church and Toronto streets, was an open
piece of
rúund, afterwards known a
the
.. Court House Squ:\re." One of the many
rivulets or water-courses that traversed the
site of York passed throu
h it, flowing in a
deep serpentine ravine, a spot to be remem-
bHed by the youth of th
day as afford"ng
in the wmter facilities for skating and
sliding, and audacious exploits on "leather
ice." In this open space a jail and a couri
house of a pretentious character, but of
poor architectural style, were erected in
1824 The two buildings are two stOreys
in height and werè exactly alike in archi-
tecture. The jÚl stoodfadng Toronto
street, about forty feet from the east line of
the street and nearly a hundred from Kin!
s reet. This site is directly north of Rice
Lewis' store. '1.'he old Roya.l Canadian
Ba.nk and present York Chambers form
part of the 0 d building, and in the cellars
of the bank cou!d be seen a few veal'S ago
the inscriptions written on the - wal! by
prisoners. The Court Hou::se fronted Church

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

325

street and was built forty feet in from the
west Hne of the street and about one hun-
dred from Kin
street. The present On-
tario .flaIl and offices are part of the build-
ing. At a later date the Court House was
let as "The City Thea.tre" under Mr.
.Petrie and }1r. McIndoe, and James Thom-
son had his dancing academy het e fer some
wintt'rs. In the lithographs publi.hed by
J. Youn
. the architect of the Jail and
Court House, these buildings ar
made to
front on King street. The g-abies fronted on
Killg. but the main entr 'ncE'S are from 'fo-
l"(UltO and Church streets respectively.
Their
ables were to the souTh. in
which direct;on were also the chief en-
trances. The malierial was erd brick.
.Pilasters of cut stone ran up the principal
fronts and up the exposed or outer sides of
each edifice. At these sides, as also on the
inner and unornamented s:de!, were lesser
gab:es, but marked by the portion of the
wall thl
t rose in front of tht:m, not to s.
poin', but finishing squarely in two dimin-
ishillg sta(!cs and sustaining chimneys.
It was originally intended that lanterns
should have surm' unted and given addi-
tional elevation to both builrlings, but the89
wel e discarded, together with tin as the
material of the roofin
, with a view to cut-
ting down the cost, and thereby enabling
the builder to make the pilasters of cut
stone instead of Roman cement. John
Hayden was the contract0r.
l:he cost, as re-
duced, was to be f:3 800 for the lWO edifices.
\Ve extract from the Oanadian Review for
Juiy, 1824, published by H. H, CnnninO'-
ham, Montn's.I, an account oi the commen
-
m nt (,f the new bwldillgs: "On Salurday,
the 24th in
t.. (April, 1824,) his Excellcucy
the Lieut. -Governor, attended by his staff,
was met by the honourable the members of
the Executive Uouncil, the judges of the
Court of King's Bench, and the ge'ntlemen
of the Ba.r, with the magistrates and prin-
cipal inhabitants of York, in pr. 1 cession for
l.he purpose of laying the founùation stone
of the new jail and court house about to be
erect9d in this town. A sovereign and half-
sovereign of gold, and several coins of silver
a.
d copper, of the present rei
nt togeth3r
with some newspap8rs and other memorials
of the present do.y. ,"ere deposited in a cav-
i1iy of the stone, over which a ,'ate of cop-
per. bearing an appropr iate inscription. was
placed; and after his Excellency had ",iven
the first blow, with a hammer handed to
him for the purpose, th' cer
mony conclud-
ed with sf'veral hearty cheers from all who
were presence If the quel3tion were of any
real importance," the writer adds. "we
might hå\re the curiosity to inquire why the
deposit was made in the south-cast, rather

than in the north-east corner of tha build-
ing!" a query that indica,tes, as we suppo
e,
a deviation from orthodox maEOnic usage,
In onf' of the lithographic views publIsh-
ed in 1836 by Mr. J. Young, the jail and
court house, now spoken of, are sh(,wD.
Among the objects insel ted to give life to
the scenf', the p,rtist has placed in the fore-
ground a country waggon with oxen yoked
to it, in primitive fashion. Near the entrance
to the ja1]. stood, to the terror d evil-
doers, down to modern times, a ponderous
f'pec:men of the "parish stocks" of the
old couutlY, in gou.] condition.
After 182.j, the opc>n arena in front of the
.ail and court house became the "public
place" of the town. Crowds filled -it at
elections and other occasions of excitement.
\Ve have here witnessed several scenes cha.r-
acteristic of the times ill winch they oc-
curred. Here once a public orator was
run away with, in the mid!>t of his haranO'ue.
thIs wãs Mr. Jessc Ketchum, who ;as
making use of a farmer's waggon as his
rostrum or platform, when the vp.hicle was
sudden:y laid ho]d of and whee'ed rapidly
down King stl'cet, the sp
aker in the mean-
while with difficul:y mainta.ining his equili-
brium. Mr. Ketchum wa.. one of the most
benevolent and beneficent of men. His
p:ctUiC hflngs in the J sse Ketchum School
in Y orkville.
The present Court House IS situated on
Adelaide street, on a plot (f ground origi

nally granted to trustees by the Provlr,cial
Government, called the jail and Court
House block. It fronts 197 feet on Ade-
laide street, and the extreme depth of the
centre pa.rt of the building is about 94 feet.
The different courts have rooms on the
second storey, while the County Council
cha.mber with committee rooms, and room!!
for the different County dficers, occupy the
ground floor. The building is substantial,
with cut stone dressings. It was erected in
1852-3, and C(Jst about f:8,500. Fred Cum-
berland, Esq., was the architect, and .Mr.
John Ritchey, the contractor. The \Varden
of the County was JON. Hartm:1n, E-q" M.
P. P. The Treasurer waS J. S. Howard,
Esq. t and the Clerk was John Elliott, Esq,

326

LAND
IARK:3 OF TO RONTO.

CHAP1 ER CVII.
RAILROAD STATIONS.

The Flr.t Grand Trunk Dl'pot and tbe Firs'
IInioll StnUon - fJity and Suburban Sla.
&10... 01' tbe Itoads.
In October of the year 1856 the Eastern
Division of the Grand Trunk Railway enter-
ed Toronto, running into the sta.tion at the
Don. At that time Superintendent l\'J.ar-
tin had his office in it. During the
la.t.tf'r part ûf 1856 and the ,at'ìy pare
of 1857, the line \\-as extended westward
and tracks laid from the Riv r Don
around the corner of the old j il at the
foot of Berkeley street, up to Front strept,
and "\long the south side of that tho!'ough-
fare ;nto what was the No:-
hern r,'INa,l
dl pot at the south-east c"rner of Bay an,l
Front strect
. This was 8imp:y a wood. n
shed, !.-heltering passengers but affording
them
carcely any accommcdation. The
platforms extended from Bay street west-
ward to a point nearly opposite Sword's
hotel, the present Queen's hotel, extended
and enlarged. The Northern rot1.d then ran
alon(.t the top of the bank' now cut away.
Wood only was bUlnp.d in the engines at
this time, and for many years a.fterward,
a.nd on the starting of a train it was the
duty of the brakemen to pitch four or five
cords up into the tender. The passenger
cars were h 'ated by me1ns of hox stoves, in
which also wood was burned. In the
same year that the eastern line oi the Grand
Trunk was ('pened to the Don, the western
line was opened from the Que n's wharf to
Guelpn. At the Queen's wharf, or rather
opposite it, WaS a plain wooden shed, scarce-
ly more than an apolo..:y for a shtion, which
is still standing. Between this and the
Don station all passengers and ba
ga.gp wI're
bussf'ò by an American named Jones. E rly
in 1857 the western linp. was carripd ell.' t-
ward from t he Queen's whal f along the ton
of the bay shore bank as hI' as Ba.thurs"t
street. south of what is called the Prinoe of
Wa.les' walk, fr",m the trees set out there
on the occasi.Jn of his visit to Toronto, and
tb nee along Front street, joining th,
eastern line Í11 the
tation at Bay '3treet. All
the trains ran into this depot untill\1 y d
the following year, 185S, when the
original Union station was opened. This
st"tiOn, which is shown in the accompany-
ing illustration, was of frame, situated about
fif.y feet west of York street. Its roof,
prl>jectin
over the platform, was upheld by
fancy scroll work supports of wood. The
Bt.a.tion wns a neat little frame buildmg, "Iolld
was considered a very fice depot hy the
people at tha.t time. In it were a ladies'

waiting-room, a genel'al wait:nQ:-room, lava-
tories, a refre
hment room, a barher shop,
ticket office, haggage room and telegraph
officI'. In 1858 the depot at the corner of
Rty and Front streets was torn down.
aU tracks moved from the bay shore
bank and the new buil,1im! at the
foot of York street made the Union
station for the Grand Trunk, Great
\Vestarn and Northern rai:ways. Con.
dUL'tor Robert Johnston is the only one kit
of the conductors running on the we
t('l'n
branch of the G:and Truuk in 1856. The
1'0:1. I \Vas then open to B"'rJin. N ext to
him comt>s J. S. Draper. He has
b en a. conductor since 1858, when
the road ran to Lond n. The
e 11.1 e the
two oldest conductOls in this section of the
country. Before the erection of the fil st
Unic>n std.tion, a frame freight house be-
longing to the Northern road stood on the
bay shore bl\uk, just west of Peter street.
Trams ran thrûugh this buildin
. All ocal
freÏQ:ht was handled there, but through
freight was h
ndled on the Nor them
docks, wh,'re the Northern elpvator
now is. The Peter street frei
ht house was
torn down when the tracks were n moved
from the bank to the E'planade. At thi"
tim' Grand Trunk freight was h,\Ill11ed in
the buil.ling at the Quet>Ii's wharf, n')w oc-
cupied by tt
e Canadian Pacific, ancl. in the
western end (,f the !'ame Lui din,g waS the
Snperintendpnt's (,ffice. Near by were the
car and
ocomotive shop'. In a large fr!lme
bnil,ling, now d('stroyed, at the west side
of the nresent Bathurst stref-t, were the
passena-er d(,p It, baggage-room and freigh'
house. to Further up the yarà stood lhe
r(.und house, whieh was burnpd down sev-
eral years ago and never re-built. In 1871
the origmal Union station was torn down
and a tcmpol'Rry shed wa., put
up at the western side of Simcoe
sfreet, for thp accommo'tation of p Issengen'
until the completion of the present structure
which was openeJ on Dominion Day, 1873.
The roa,ls
ich ran into either 01' both 0,
the Union sta.tions are these:-The Turl'nto,
Grey & Br'nce ra:lway, now a part of the
Canadian Pacific system, was or'ginally a
na.rrow 'Jauae road and for its e
pLcial us .
8. third ;ail
as laid at the northern ",irie of
the station so that its trains might run into
the depot. Credit Valley trains ra.n out
from the Union station, tickets bd"g sold
and baggage checked by the Grand Trun.t.
Later the Ontario & Quebec, now the main
line, of the Canadian Pacific, used the
ta-
ticiTí. 'l'he Great Western rai'way after
using the old Union statIon many year:! for
its d. pot at It ngth a.bandoned it a.nd put up
the lUllding at the e,lstern apgle of the

LAKD\l ARKS OF TORONTO.

327

IB "

-=- -

-
-

328

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Esplanade and Y onge stree
. Trains ran in
throulZh the archway. The waiting-rom wa.s
at the north side oÌ the tracks. This build-
ing is now a freight house. The Northern
railway statiou at the City Hall was built
about the same time as the Y onge street
station of the Great Western. The N orthem
is now a part of the Grand Trunk system.
Since the beginning of the present year a.ll
trains have run into the U mon station also.
Local trains. with the exception of the
morning North Bay train, leave th
City
Ran sta.tion, stopping at the Union station.
At the present time the Grand Trunk and
the Ca.narlian .Pacific arð the only roads
using the Union station; in fac
, they may
be called the only roads of much importance
in Canada. \Vhen the present Uniou Station
was built it was amply large for its purpose.
Trains were small, consistmg of from three
to five cars, but now that trains
are much larger and more frequent the
building is found to be too small. If the
two great companies occupying it come to
an agreement the station will bs torn down
and a new and larger one erected on its
sit
. Now the station is large enough for
one road but not for both. There are
-
commodation stations at the foot of Brock
and .Bathurst streets, but they are nothing
more than temporary structures. Soon,
however, a permanent depot wi!l be erected
in this part of the city, probably at Bathurst
streE't. At the Parkdale subway the stations
of the Grand Trunk and. Canadian
Pacific R.t'e independent. Formerly the
Grand Trunk had a temporary station
there, but this has been abmdoned
and trains now stop at the Northern deftot
which was built about twelve years ago.
The Canadian Pacific station at Parkdale
was put up about five years ago. At High
Park there is a suburban station where 1)0ll1e
tr&
DS stop, but no tickets are s<<21d
, There
is also a. suburban station at -Windermere,
where as large a freight business is done as
W&8 once done at Toronto by any single line.

CHAPTER CVIIL
THE DENNIS COTTAGE.

The> n..ilellll2: at the Nortb.ea'!t (;orner 01
Kiu2: allel Wßf.
e lIare>els. ....Uf'rwards 'he
\'farf'houøe ort..e JUdona!>.
At the north-east angle made by the in-
tersection of the two greatest thoroughfares
of Toronto, King and Y onge streets, thel'e
was for a long time in the early part of the
century but one solitary home. This build-
ing, which is shown in the sketch. was a
rather long, respectable - lookmg wooden
cotta.cre of one storey, painted white, with a
paling in front and
baded by large willow
trees. It was the home of Mr. John Dennis,

formerly superinten:Ient of the dock-yard at
Kingston. Mr. Dennis was one of the
United Empire Loyalist refugees, and
rect:ived a grant ot land on the Humber.
near the site of the modern villa.
Ð
of Weston. To the eastward of Mr. Dennis'
housp. stood at an early period a little frame
building of the moat ordinary kind, worthy
of note simp:y as having beln temporarily
the District Grammar Schf)ol before the
erEctIOn of the lar
e school-house on the
Grammar School loti. Mr. Dcnnw was one
of the signers of an address pre.-:ented to
Lieutenant-Governor Francis Gore on his
return to York in 1815. Joseph, the son of
Mr. John D,JUnis, owned an,l commf\nded a
vessel ('\n Lake Ontario in 1812, When rhe
war with the United States broke oat he
and his ship were attached to tile provincial
mJrine. Hh Tcssel was captured by the
Amerwans, and he himself was maàe a
prisoner of war, in which state he remained
for fifteen months, or halt the entire length
of time from the beginning to the conclusion
of hostilities. He afterward commanded the
Princess Ch3.rlotte, an early steamboa.t on
Lake Ontario. As early as 1799 Jos(ph
Dennis was en
a'{ed in ship buildl!n
. The
Gazette of September 14th of that year made
the following announcement :-"The Toron-
to yacht, Capt. Bakt:r, wIll, in the course of
a few days be ready to make her first trip.
She is one of the handsomest ve
sels of her
Biz> that ever swam upon the Ontario, and
if we are permitted to jt:.dge from hp.r ap-
pearance, and to do her Justice we must
say she bids fair to be one of the swiftest
sailing vessels. She is admirably calculated
for the reception of pa8sengp.rs, and can with
propriety boast ot the most experienc-
ed officers and men. Her master
buiider was Mr. Dennis, an American,
on whom she reflects IZreat honaur." The
boat was built a little way up the Hum-
ber from its mouth. In 1826 Mr.
Dennis was still en
aged In the boat build-
in
Du,;iness. The Loyalist of June 3rd,
1826, speaks of a new steamer buiit by Mr.
Dennis. It says: .. The new steamer Uan-
a,da Was towed i'lto port this week by th
.
Toronto from the mouth of the Rouge where
she was built during the last winter. She
will be shortly fitted up for her intended
routtj which we understand will be from
York and Niag'lfcl. around the head of the
Jake and will add another to the increasing
fll,cilities of conwyance in Upp.'r Canalia.
Six stea.mboats now navigate the St Law-
rence and L1ke Ontario in this province be-
sides the Canad:-t and a boat nearly ready
for launching at Brock viii e. .. The same
paper of August 12th, 1826, thus announces
the fir", t trip of the Canada acrOss from York

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

329

to Niagara. " The new stf amboat Canada,
Capr.. Richardson, madt- her first trip to
Niagara. on Mondav last and went out of
the harbour in fine style. Her app:arance
rdiects much credit on hf r builder, Mr.

c-=--,.,.

3
5 Thos. Champion. Ass. Sec. Church Society.
7
9 Thos. Hillman, .. Cigar Divan."
11 Wm. Higgins, high bailiff.

1h e Dey)'ì'5
u
e.
../ / V
N-E,C op , rO'1
e AnDJ.(I'l
)ts

Dennis, at tne corner of Kinp
a.nd Y onge streets, was torn down anà
on its site was erected the four storey hip-
ped roof red brick building, standing there
to-day. Since its en ction this building has
been øeen with little a.lteration of external
aspect. For over forty years from the time
of its building it was the Birmingham, Shef-
field and Wolverhampton warehouse of the
brothers Joseph and Percival Riàout, and
from their retirement by
he firm of Aiken-
bead &; Crombie.

CHAPTER CIX.
TH E CITY IN 1846.

A. Street Kev or IUnc Strf'et Fort....three
Years A
o- Old Names and Old Si:;n!l.
Mr. E. W. Gardner, a veteran in local I
II.rchæology, ha.s pr epared a street kev oi I
King street from the directory of 1846,
which will be of interest to the pionefrs of
Toronto. The directory of 1833.34 was

13
15
17 D. Davis. (col d) tailor.
19 David ''''ilson, shoemaker.
21
23 Wm. Wilson (col'd), blacksmith.
25 Julia Houston. dyer.
-Henry Stephens, printer.
27 Wm. Haigh, tin and japanned ware.
29 Charles March, painter.
31 Leon Cais."Ie, Headquarters Restaurateur.
33 Ja.s. Mink, Jivery sta.ble.
35 Henry Wise, stationer.
-J. F. Westland seedsman.
37 '
39 Haigh and Drummond. cabinet.ma.k:ers.
n Wilson, Mrs., widow. cor. Bay.
:
Wilson, Wm., cash. Bank Mont" cor Bay.
47 Geo. Harcourt, tailor.
49 Rich. Hocken, shoemaker.
51 John A. Sanders. drawing maeter.
53 -J. E. Pe]].. ,glider.
55 C. W. CooDer. Solicitor in Chancery.
57 Francis Thomas, locksmith.
59 H. H. Clark, innkeeper.
61 Boswe]] Batisen, b:lth-keepcr.
-Angus Blue, racquet co

63 J. C. Lewis (cord). baker.

330

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

65 .John Howard. fancy silk worker.
67 \Vm. Harri.:, gr
ceries. chinaware, etc.
69 By. Sproatt, pr..!"'vi-ion store.
71 Jame<l Creed. pork butcher.
73 .John Esmonde, tinsmith.
75
77
79 Robert Rex. tailor.
-John l'ealf'. bookbinder.
81 Job Baker. .. King Alfred Inn."
83 Wm. Bain, cabinet-maker.
-Hy. Duffin, shoemaker.
85 James Champion, butcher.
87 Dayid Cleg
ett, shoemaker.
-.James Hamilton. printer.
89 J. 8. Diamond, baker.
-James Thomas. tailor.
91 Joseph Robf1rts, .. Carpenters' Arm!!."
-Jamros Taylor, labourer.
93 Joseph Kent, provision store.
-John Kitson. Boulton Arms.
95 Hy. Parry, t.ailor.
97 Aaron Blackee (col'd), dyer.
99 \Vm. Loane, shoemaker.
101 Ja>.. Merifield. .. Shakespeare Inn," corner
York.
103
!O5 Chas. Rankin, I'.urveyor, west of York.
-Miss Phipps, dressmaker.
107
.09 John Doody. cab.
-Thos lVIcKey. cabman.
111 J. C. P. Esten, solicitor-in-Chancery.
LI3
LI5
115
LI7
119
121 Jos. Wright. shoemr.ker.
[23 (From this No. to 141 no names are given.)

43 Thos. Wallis. grocer, cor. Simcoe.
[45 Edward Byfield, blacksmith, corner Kin\:{
and SImcoe.

[(7
[49
151
The key now ta.kes from the Dominion
Bank corner WI sr.
KING ST. WEST-SOUTH SIDE.

Lynes & Brown. grccers.
f
6 Ogilvie & Co.. grocerl'!.
8 Ellis, John & Co., engravers.
-Riddell & McLean, merchant tailors,
10 George Craig, copper and tinsmirh.
12 Joseph Beckett & Co., chemist and drug'st.
14
16 John Crawford. barrister, etc. Corner
- Wm, Osborne, land agent.. Jordan.
18
20
22
24 Alex. Smith, hair dresser.
- Wharham & Co., carvera and gilders.
26 John Baker, .. Black Swan Inn."
28 Hen..'7 JackSOn, jeweller.
.30
32 JaB. Myers, provision store.
31 Chas. Baker, merchant tailor.
36 Hy. 1.. Steel, vet, !!urgeon.
-Francis Lewis, land agent and auct'r.
38 .John Bauldrey, Kl'een grocer.
40 Ha.nson. Wm., plumber.
42 Jacque,
& Hay, cabin et. makers, cor, Bay.
<< Robert Davis & Co., grocers.
4ß Cha.s. Kahn, dentist.
f8 Joshua Williams, upholsterer.
óO Wm. J. Coates, printer (editor Star).
Ð2 Richard French, chairmaker.
á6

56 Miss Vandermissen, toys and fancy goods
and Berlin wools,
58 Chas. Carnat.t, baker and confectioner.
60 Ed ward Ðack, shoemaker.
62 John Hart, painter.
-II. \-V. Smirh, dyer.
64 Benj. TOrrance, wholesale grocers.
66 John Griffiths! patent saddle manufa.ct'rs.
68 Geol'ge Savage, watchmaker.
70 Chas. Kahn, dentist.
72 John MclJollald, McDonald's Hotel.
.4 Robt. Hawke. merchant taHor.
i6 John Craig, painter and gla.:;s stainer.
78 Geo. Shuttleworth, grocer.
80 Mrs. R. Tuton. druggist.
82 J. G. Howard, architect,
8,1
86
88
90 Richard Br wster, lab.
-John Ca\alry, shoemaker,
92 Ja.s. Meredith, dentist

91 Alex.Murray, of Moffat, Murray & CO., Res.
96
98
amuel Wood, dentist.
100 Burns. Mowat & Vankoughnet, barristers.
102 .Jones, print,'r.
-.Jones. milliner.
101 Adam \Yil!!on, barl'ister. res.
-Mrs. Dalton, Patriot office.
106
lOB
110 Hy. f:earle. wan papers and music store.
(From 112 .0126 /10 names are gIven, but thh
was the sit of Chewett's buildings, now thE
Rossin House).

)owen Miller & Mills, coach-makers.
13

13,1 Mrs. Ince, widow.
-Goo. '1'. Denison, .II'.. barrister.
136 .John Miller, of Owen, MiHer & .Mills.
138 Thos. Milis, of 0.. M. & M.
140 John Thomas, pianoforte makers.
142
144
146 Daniel Lamb, bla-::ksmith.
148
150
152

KING ST. E.AST- NORTH 8IDB.
1 Ridout Bros., hardware.
3 Lepper Arthur. dry-goods.
-Hethune & Blackstone, barristers.
5 Hall, Wm., tailor.
7 Sharwood. Samuel, grocer.
9 Burgess, 7'. &. N., merchant tailors.
11 Lawson, Th.,mas, merchallt tailor.
13 Glassco, Thomas. Jnnr., hatter.
15 Kordheimer. ,'. & S. music store.
17 Mathesen, !Jonald. clothier.
19 Caspar. Samuel, gel.eral store.
21 Paterson & Son. gt'neral hardware.
23 CaldweU, Hy.. tailor.
25 John Christie & Son, hardware.
Zl LessJie Bros., bookscllers.
29 Lesslie Jas., pub. examiner.
31 Harrington, John. hflrdware.
33 Eastwood, John, clothier.
35 Sawdon, Geo" dothier.
37 Lysaght, John, shoemaker.
39 Rigney, Tho"!.. hardware, cor. Toronto st.
H Scott. H. S. & Co.. hardware, corner ) 1
Toronto. r=
43 Bilton, G. & T., merchant tailors. ,g,,; t
45 Walker, Geo.. tailor and draper.'

3
-George F. Payne. bookseller. ,!3:a
47 CampbcJJ. Sted B., barrister.
:::: ,
49 Dolmage, W. B., gilder. &:::1 5
- Hamilt.on. Hall & Little.grocers. I:Q
51 Crown. Ed ward, shoemaker. 6

LA:NDMA.R.KS OF TORONTO.

331

- John Sterling, shoemaker.

'\
53 Dixon, Alex., saddler. tíJl: I 7
55 Percy. Matt.. dry-goods. F=-5 J 8
57 Rev. Anson Green, G1la1'dian office.;:; 9
59 Musson, \-'-"m.. t.insmith t:.c
In
ewell, Chas..jeweller.
-Hagalty, John, barrister, corner
Church.
63 Geo, NicOl, dry-goods.
-Thos. Galt, barrister. Cor. Church.
65 Harrison & Foster, barristf'rs.
67 T. J. O'
eil Bros.. auct.. 65 and 67.
-Thos. Gothard, tailor.
69 Eastwood, John, clothÏt'r.
71 Hastings, Rich., dry-goods.
73 Thos, V. Harris. general hardware.
-Geo. H. Cheney. stoves.
75 Melcalf & Cheney. stove manufacturers.
77 Ross, \V. 0., grocer.
79 Romain Bros., dry,gcods.
81 J. 11.. Smith. dry -
oodl:l.
83 Wm. Reynold
. baker, cor. Francis.
85 Richard Northcote. grocer.
87 O'Higgim. John, clothier.
-R. C. Gwatkin, grocer.
89 Geo. Gwan & Co.. vrocers.
91 O'Donoghoe, John, auctioneers.
93 do. do. do.
95 'rhos. Clark'!on & Co.. AUl
tioneers.
97 Toy & A llstin, gl'oCerl:l, cor. Nelson.
-Gpo. Brooke, b >rrister.
99 C'ary & Brown, grocers.
UI1 Wasridge & Son. hardware.
103 l
al glois & Bates. gr, cers.
105 Rtt'ph.-n Stroud, .. Royal Geo. Inn:'
107 John Bond, cabinet maker.
109 Teevin, Jaa.. B. R. Smith and Jas. Teevln,
shoemakl'r.
-Hichard Foster. cuttIer, kniHs, etc.
111 Rand\Jlphe Hy.. coloured barber.
113 Matt, Jonas. shoemaJ!::er.
115 John Sproule, wholeilllle and retail grocer,
cor. Georgf'.
117 John Doherty, tinsmitn, }
-Andrew Tracey, :-hoemaker, cor.
-Arthur John<;on, prov'n store, George
119 Thos. Gr:ffith, Rhoem:tker.
-Sheppard, \Vm" shoemaker.
121 Thos. Mc:Vlurr
IY watchmaker.
123 Wm. Heighton. .. Thames Tunnel Inn:'
125
127
129
131 Francis Mulligan.
-Mrs. Mulligan, dressma.ker.
133
13í
1.
139
141

tl Pat Mulleney, butcher.
147
149
151
153 J. Stevenson, .. RisiUK Sun," cor. Caroline.
155 Samuel Thomas, saddler.
1,,7 John Wasen. shoemaker.
159
161 Richard \Vatson, carpenter.
163 John Ward shoemaker.
165
167
169 Alex. Legge, general store.
171 J&!!!. Nunan, bhoemaker. cor. Princess.
-John Raymond. shoemaker.
173 Geo. Finn, iabourer, cor. Princess.
175 John Graham, tailor.
177 Samuel:: mith, tailor.
179
181
183

185 Michael Thompi", .. York Tavern:'
187 Tho
. Brunskill's re!'idence.
189 Edward Goldsmith, 1st clerk B.U.C.
191

C. S. Murray, bookkeeper, B.U.C.
197 Thos. Helliwell. brewer.
199
201 James Crapper, overseer Gas Works.
203
205
207
209
211 Hon. James E. Small's residenca.
213
KING ST. EAST SOUTH SIDE.
2 Betley & Brown, dry-gouds.
4 :E. H. Mc
herry. hatter.
6 \Vheeler, Tho!". watchmaker.
8 Richardson, Francis. chemi..t,
10 vValker & Hutchinson. clothiers.
12 Thos. Thompson, shoe store.
-Corni
h. John, shoemaker.
14 McCord. Miss, dressmaker.
HI Wa1kcr, Chas. &, W., merchant tailors.
18 Scobie. Hugh, sta.tioner, editor British
Colonist.
20 Rowsell & Thomson, printers.
22 Peter Patterson. dry-goods.
2l Creighton & Hall, dry-goods.
26
28 Webb, Thos., shoemaker.
30
32 Rossin Bros., jewellers.
3i Brett, R. H., gen. whole merchants.
36 \V orkman Brl s.. hard \\ are.
38 Coons, ..... J.. dry,goods.
40 Wakefield, Wm.. auctioneers.
42 Robert \Vightman & Co., importers d. g.
<it Xorris. H. & T" china and g1ass.
46 Kissock, n. & W., whol. and ret. grocers.
48 Brewer. Rich'd, stfltioner and bookseller.
50 McConkey, Thos.. co fectioner.
52 Richard Yates, grocer.
54 Smith & Macdonald, whol. grocers.
56 'Vm. Musson, tinware, 1 1
58 Joseph. J. n., optician. 2
60 Dunlop, Elizabeth. confectioner. .
rii 3
62 Eagle6um & Co.. dry'goods. 0 2 4:
64 Bryce, McMurricb & Co., dry-goods. õ 8 J S
66 Badenach, Alex.. grocer.
;:::: 6
68 McKeam\, Patterson & Co., dry,g'ds. 7
70 Braham. All.. clothier. 8
72 Shaw, Turnbull & Co., retail drY'l/:ooda.
74 Geo. Cant, dry-goods, cor. Church.
76 Campbell & Hunter, saddlers.
78 Jas, Roe;ers. hatter.
80 Martin J. O'Burne. clothier.
82 W. Matherson, saddler, 12 City Bt'ildings.
8i Whewall & Petch, dry-goodli.
8ö John W. Holland, chinaware.
88 Stennet, WID., watchmaker.
90 A ndrew Hamilton. grocer. chinaware, etc.
92 J. & J. McGraham, whole!!al. dry-goods.
94 J. R. Mountjoy, dry-gol de.
96 Lyman, Kneeshaw & Co., druggists.
98 Francis O'Vea, clothier.
-John F
ster, shoemaker.
10
Francis Lo
an, dry-goods,
102 Angus Morrison, barri!"ter.
104 McFarlane, Walter. D,G.. cor. Market sq
106 Malcolm Gillespie, dry-goods.
108
110
112 Chas. Robertson, grocer, N. E. cor. Market
square.
-H. M. O'Brien. attorney.
II( Wm. Henderson, gl"Ocer, cor. Market.
116 Hugh Miller. chl'mi-t, etc.
118 E. W. I"ee & Co.. dry-goods.
120 Beatty & Marsh, wholesale and retail
grocers.

332

LANDMARKS OF TOn.ONTO.

U2 D. CIeal, baker.
1

126 W. C. Kelly & Co., wholesal
and retail
grocers.
128 John Thomson. wholesale and retail grocer.
130 ThoB. Brunskill. auctioneer and commis-
sion merchant.
132 :::J. G. Lynn & Co.. grocer and provo
134 Geo. Munro, wholesale merchant, corner
george.

136
138
- Wm. Foster.
liO Thos. Armstrong. shoemaker.
142 Ja'nes Beatty. leather merchant.
144 John Blythe, tailor.
146
148 John Pollock, tlm:mith.
150 Bloxom, Daniel, Tontine coffee house.
Þ2 Mrs, Harris, stay m,lker.
15.1 Francois St. Hilliaire harnes9 maker.
156 'William Smith, tallow chandler, corner
Frtderick.
158 E. G. O'lirien, Sec. T. & L. H. Railroad Co.,
cor. Frederick.

160
162 Jacob Cleal, baker.
164
tOO Thos. Bathey, vet. surgeon.
168
liO
172
173 Margaret Lumsden. provisions.
176 John Wright, innkeeper. cor. Caroline.
178
180 Francis Knowles, labourer.
18'2
184 Henry Conlin, flour and grain dealer.
186
188 Andrew
lcCormack. blacksmith.
190 Henry Goldsmith, East York Road Office.
192 Peter Lenfesty, grorer,
191 Max
ilvanB, harness maker.
196 Adam Beatt.y, innkeeper.
198 Francis Sullivan, wheelwright.
200 John 'V. Beaven, coopc
cor. Princess.
202 Wm. CubIt, baker. cor. .t'rinceas.
20'-1
206
208 Phillip l.ong. groceries.
210 Bernard Love, labourer.
212 John Phmket. tinsmith.
214
216

CHAPTER ex.
A WE:.ST MARKET STREET BLOCK.

The Row of BDlI.lln
s wlllf'h Stoo.1 Between
h.11I= 3n(1 (:olborne S. ret;ts. Indlltlln

Frallk'!illiotel and tile 'Vclllll
ton Inn.
In 1820 a bloek of frame buildings dood
btltween Colborne street and King on
the weat .ide of West Ma.rket street. At
the oorner of King stre
t stood the Wel-
lington inn-not, . the \V ellin
ton hotel of a
later date, which was a. block farthu west
-kl pt by James Elliot in 1820, This was
a. modest two stor
y building. In front of
it &t the corner stood two posts supporting
a. IR.rge sign on each side of which was a
picture of th-' Duke of Wellington on horse-
back. Mr. Eliot died here a.nd his suc-
cessor was Landlord Norris, who condu"'ted
the business until about the yea.r 1834, when
tbe buildin
was converted into stores.

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Afterwa.rd it was turned into 8. dweiling
and was occupied for Borne time by a son-in-
law of Jesse Ketchum. About 1840 it was
bought by Mr. Hdliwell, who tore down
the old, frbme building and put up the pre.
sent bl'Íck one. Now occupied by C.
Martin & Co. Th
proFerty is now in the
posseSSIOn of the Helliwells. The next

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

and adjoining building to the south of the
'VeHington inn, was a diminutive one storey
shop, occupied in 1820 by Terry & Cater-
mole, wat('hmak
rs, then by a small shop
keeper named Levy, and later
v Nico)l, a
tailor, and :\IcUleIlan, 801';;0 a taIlor. :N
xt
to this was the office and warehouse of the
Helliwells. millers anci brewers, on líhe
D m. Their building was two stories.
Adjoininl:{ this, was Peter P.\terson's hard'
ware store, a similar buildin
. South of
Paterson's and separa.ted from it hy a lane,
was John Bishop's butchrr shop, a. buildinp;
like Patterson's and Helliwell's. Bishop's
slauO'hter house was at the rear of his shop,
and" tbe lane between it and ,Paterson's
stf)re ran back to it. On the corner of
C3lborne street stood one of the early and
one of the most famous hotels of York.
This was Frank's hotel, a two storey white
frame building with its gable on Colborne
street and its entrance on 'Vest Market
street. To the right on entering was the
bar-room and to th3 left the sitting. room.
At the end of the hall werð tbe
stairs leading up to the ball - room,
an extension runnin2 back to Bishop's
butcher shop, This ball-roo"ll is ce e-
brated. At times it was fitted up for
dramatic purposes, and. in it were given the
first theatl'Ícal performances witnessed in
York. On these occasions the room was
approached by a f-tairway from the outside.
It was in this assembly room diRmantled of
its theatrical furniture that a fancy dress
ball was given on the last day of the year
1827, ,conjoint'y by Mr. John Galt, com.
missioner of the Can ad 1. Company,
and
La.dy Marv Wi1iis, wife ot Justice John
'Val pole WiIiis. Mr. Galt was only three
years in C
nada, but this time enabled him
to lay the foundation of the Canada Com-
pany well as is shown by its duration and
prosperity. Mr, Galt was inclined to treat
the people of York and the local govern-
mental authorities rather haughtily. They
accused him of playin2 "Captain Granà JJ
and looking down on the inhabitants of
Upper Canada. H
does not deny this,
and in his autobio
raphy !'ays: "I never
thought about them-the p 'ople of Y ork-
unless to notice some ludicrous peculiarity
of individuals." In the S:lme book he teU::!
how he came to give the ball at Frank's.
Having received an intimation thl,t the
co10ne'cy of a r,'giment might be offered to
him, he writes: "This information was
u'lequivocally acceptable, and accordin{z!v I
resolved to chanp;e my recluseness into
somet.hing more cordial towards th9 general
inhabitants of York. I therefore directed
one of the clerks-Mr. Thomson of the
Canada Company-to whom I thought tbe

333

task might'be agreeable, to make arran
e-
ments for giving a general fancy dress ba.ll
to" all
my acqu dntances and the princip1.1
inhabihnts. I could n8t be trouhleù with
the details mysE'If, but exhorted him to
m'tke the invitations as numerous as P)S-
sible." Mr. Galt lived Sot Frank'E! Hotel,
but his quarters there were very nncom-
fo:table and dhtasteful to him. Writing of
his residence here he thus expresse.3 him-
seli: "The reader is probably acqu:1inted
with the manner of living in the American
hotels. but without experi('nc
he can have
no right notion of what in those days-
1827-was the condition of the best tavt>rn
in York. It was a me
n two storey hou
e.
The landlord however-Mr. Frank-did all
in his power to mitigate the afflictions with
which such a domicile was quak.ing to one
accuostomed to ql1ièt."
In another place when picturin,l! Dover in
Kent, he compares it with York in the
fonowin
language: "Everybody who has
been at D.Jver kllows that it is one of the
vIlest haunts on th> face of the earth except
Vttle York in Upper Canada.." The ap-
pointment of Ju-tice Willis to the bench of
Upp8r Canada created much d'scontent, he
being an outsider. tie held the position
but à. short time wh':!n he was removed and
appo:nted Chief Justice of D
merara. In
his place on the Court of Kin
's Benc}.,
wa.s appointed in 1828, Christopher Alex-
ander Ha.german. Lady Mary 'ViIlis, who
was assoc:ated with Mr. Galt in giving the
fancy ball at Frank's, was a daughter of the
Earl of Stl'athmore. A trial 01 a painful
nature known a.9 \VilIis v Bernard, arising
out of circumstanc 's c')nnected with Judge
"
i1! is' brief residenc . in Canada took place
in 1832 before the Chief Just.ice of Enl:{land
and a special jury at Westminster, when a
thousand pounds were awarde.i as damages
to the n1aintiff. Mr. GaIt was examine,l as
a witnêss at this trial. On the occasion of
the fancy dress bß.H at Fl'ank's Hotel, the
general interes
s of the Cana.da Compl,ny
were to some extent studied in the orna-
mentation of the assembly room, its floo'
being decorated with bn immens3 repre-
sentation in ch1lks or water colour of the
a.rms of the a.ssociation. The supporters
of the !'hield were of colossal dimensions.
two 1i'ms rampant bearing flags turning
opposite ways: below on the riband in
characters prop ,rtionably hrge was the
motto of the compulY: .. Non mutat genus
solum." The sides and ceiling of the room
with the p<.l8sages leading from the Iron t
door to it WerE' covered throughout with
branches of the hpmlock spruce; nestling
in the greenery of thi
p'rfect bower werð
innumerable little coloured lamps eAch con.

334

LANDMARKS OF l'ORONTO.

tainin
a floating light. Lady M
ary Willis I CHAPTER CXL
a.pp
a
ed as
hry, Q lean of Seolis; the AN OLD TAR
judge hiro-;clf during a. part of the evening .
was in the cOl:!tu
e of a gay old la(ly, Recollections or Michael MftKterson. the
the Countess of Desmond, agp.d lJue hundred I Old Ruzor Grinder alld S:,norman.
years; Mies \Villis the clever amateur In the directory of 1846 we find "Mas-
equestrienne, was Folly with cup anà bells; terson, Michael, razor grinder, Bay Shore,
Dl. 'Villi lm Warrf'n Baldwin was a Ro. near York street." His house was at the
man senator; his two sons \Villiam and St. I foot of Bay street, about a hundred
George were the D:os Curi; hb nephew feet from the south line of Front street.
Augustu, Sullivan was Puss in the Boote; Dr. forin those days, in fact till the Ìime the Es:
Grant Powell wae D . Pangloss ; :\lr, Kerr, planade was built, the shore ran up to the
a real Otchipway Chief and at the time a edge of the bank, the line of which would be
m
mber of the Legbhture, made a mag- a Ii tIe south 0= the front doors of the ware-
nifìcent Kentucky backwoodsm n, enthled hous 's in the Iron b!ock. Th9 writer has
Capt"in Jed.cdiah Skmner. Mr. Gregg of the bathed within a Lw feet of the back of the
Commissaria.twas Othello. The Kplltuckian old Custom House on :Front and Yonge and
profe""illg to be struck with the many fine which W,lS burned (Iown in 1870. :Master-
points of the Moor a<; regardt'd trom his :,:on was a city character. In the early day'S
point of view persisted throughuut the even- from about 1825, he wa" a sailor. Through
ing in exhibiting an illclination to purcha.se, a mishap hi< left arm wa'> shot off when
an Idea naturally much resented by O<;hel o. , quite a young man. A wooden arm with an
Col Givins, his son, Adolphus Raymond i lrOil hook did good service in lieu of the
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)l(>T)O( C.O
e.. ,o>'t"1he.. J3 eþ,c H . foot of Bay Sot'.
Baby, and others, were Indian chiefs cf dif- I genuine article. His wife was a roost esti-
íerent tribes, who more than once indu1ged mable and motherly woma.n, and in later
in the WAr dance. Mr. Buchanan, son of years when Masterson kep' boats for hire at
the British Consul at New York, was Darn- I the foot of Ba.y street, Mrs. M.lsterson &1-
ley: Mr. Thomson, of the Canada com- I WilYS had a kindly eye for the welfare of
pa.ny's (ffiee, was .R-:zzio; M1:'. G, A. Barber, the Echool and U. C. College boys who w(r

wbe had suffered in reality a mutilation of her patrons. Long b,>Íore thh era, M'cha.el
the right hand by an explosion of gunpowder I or 80S he wae popularly named, "Fbty,"
during the prêv'ou
Noypmb(>r, was a had a sroallschoonerwhich heran across tbe
wounded sailor from NaV'irino. Mr. Frank, lake and it is sa.id that he did quite a lot of
the l&1ldlord of Frank's Hotel, was also the I smugg'mg. His Vfssel was two masted and
proprietor of an early pnblic nursery garden about forty feet long. He called his craft
to the eastward of Y onie street near the" Christina" after his wife, who by the
Yorkville. way was a. Scotchwoman and .. Zð&lous

LAXD
lARKS OF TORONTO.

Presbyterian. \Vhen Cal fra.e was Collec-
tor of Cm:toms he attempted to seize the
vessel on account of a ot of tea that had
been smuggled for a King street grocer,
now a wealthy man in Toronto. Fis,y did
not believe as he !!laid in hQ.ving " the broad
arrow" on his deck, so he, one-armed andall
a.s he was, 2rasped Carfrae about the neck,
and jumping overboard attempted to drown
him, but fortunately both were rescued and
Masterson was heavi y fiaed. On another
occ<

ion. a coupl ' of hogsheads of wine 1Vère
captured by the Customs. It was removed
npt
,wn to Mos ley's auction rooms on Kmg
street near the ma.rket. The sale was fixt'd
for a certain date. The crowd assemb ed
aud the auctioneer diree ed that t he wine be
tested, wh n to the amaZ'3ment of the au-
ùlence, it was found that the wine had
turned to water by some mysterious process.
In those days there was a grea.t deal of
smuggling carried on. The farmers on the
lak
shor.: used to connive at many a cargo
of stuff bÚng run in from the States, and
large amounts of money were made. An
o:ù carter na.med Handy used to secrete tea
in his stablps and keep it there for weeks
till a prominent Kin? street estab
ishment
W&S ready to receive ire Masterson, how-
ever. gave up his bad tricks a.nd with a
grinding
achini' went about town earning
a good stIpend, H . also kept boats for hire
Írorn about 1847, at the foot 0< B
y street.
At a Tater period, Mr. Darby Finch and Mr.
Wlll
rd, two p 1'ular boatmen, kept boats
.)r hIre at Rees '! wharf. foot vf Simc03

treet. Mra. Master<-on ran the boat de-
p.l.l'tment a;Dd hel' h(;use was kept as bright
as a. new pIll_ Her char
e fo, boats was
seven pence half p 'nny an hour 3.nd the
pa.trona.ge was very lib.'ral. The Mastersol1s
had one son, a clever tell ow, who was edu-
cat.ed at Upper. Canada College. His name
Wêl.S Cha
lc:s Michael and he was a ph '3nOffi-
e
alml1s1 'Ian.. . He could play the violin
wIth much abIlIty. Mrs. Masterson was in
after years an emp10yee oíth
' Boys'or Girls'
Home. Her son wcnt out west, Michael.
tbe father, wa.s a man of about 5 feet 9
inches in height, !'tout and burly, sharp and
keen. In the summer months he was a
rnnner for the steamer which ran from To-
ronto and Hamilton and Rochtster. It was
amusing to h"ar him shout out the advan-
tages of this particular steamer and route
he was workin
for. as he stood at the cor-
ner of Yonge and Front street3 while hi",
riTa-Is in the busines
would be doing as
well on an.ther corner.

335

CHAPTER CXII.
THE WATERLOO BUILDINGS.

.A. 'Veil-known ßlo
k on King Street Wel\&-
-Stone's. Jlaedonahl's and EII;Ih's Bo&el8.
Away back in the early days of the forties
the fashionable hotel of Toronto was on
King street west. It was kept by a Mr.
StPile, who at a later da.
e removed eaai.
It w&& kno',",'n in 1843 as the Waterloo
bûilding
, a.nd the m'lin entrance to th"
hotf'l was where the principal entrance if
now to the Upp3/" floors of the present
buildings. The hotel formed the central
portion of the block, and on each side of it
were three or four shopi M indicated in the
engraving. Mr. Stone first occupie.1 thi!!
house in January 1843, and the fol' owin1'
modest 'JnnOUnc ment appeared in the Bri-
tish Colonist of that date:
STONE'S HOTEL.
WATERLOO BUILDIN(;S. KIXG STREET. TORONTO
J. Stonø, in removing- to the above com-
modious premise:!. begs to returl1 his ac-
knowledgmpnts to those fri"nds who HO liberally
patronized him while in the City Arms, and to
assure them, and the public generally, that no
expenE'e shall be wanting to render his present
establishment equa.lly descrving a continuance
of their support,
::5uperior accommodation for bonders,elegant
apartments t
r large and small parties, and
excellent stablmg and coachhome:!.
January 31st. 18t3.
Stolle's was ce:taiuly the fashionable re-
sort, for on St. Andrew's day of 1843 there
was a ball at Stone's Hotsl, held under the
auspices of St. Andrew's Society a.nd the
p Üronage 0 - Mrs. Justice McLean, the wife
of the late Justice, Mrs. John Cameron, the
wife of
1r-. John Cameron, at one time
ca
hier of the Commercial Bank, and Mrs.
T. G. Ridout, the wife of the cashier of the
old Bank of Upper Canada. About three
hundred were present at this er:tertainment,
and at SUpp21'
lr. Justice McLean presided.
Mr. Stolle vacated the hotel about 1845, and
in the same yea.r it was occupied and
known 8.S McDonald's Hotel. Tbe follow-
ing ad vertisem 'lit of it appears in The Ex-
aminer l,f December 18, 1844 :-"
lacdon-
alq'a Hotel, late Stone's. 'Vaterloo Build-
ing... King st:eet, Toronto. The subscriber
announc< 8 that he has leased the above
establishment, and from his experience in
th
line, and by unremittinJ;! aUentioIJ to
the convenience and comfort of his patrons
he confidently hopes to sustain and enhance
the nputation this hotel has acquired. His
table WIll always be furnished with the
luxuries of the season and his cellars stocKed
with the choicest wines and liquors. For
boarders and large or small fam lies he has
such accommodation as cannot fail of en.
suing s&tisfa.ction, and he resp ctfully soli-

336

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

ri
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cits a continuanc9 of the pa.tron1ge so liber-
ally extended to his prenecessor. John
Macdonald." Oppo3ite to this hotel were
cold and hot ba.ths for ladies and gentlemen,
to be had from 6 a. m, to 10 p. m.
After this, in 1852, it \\ as occupied
by.Mr. John Ellah, who at one time was
the lessee of the British Coffee House, and
who afterwards kept the EUah private hotel
in the Baldwin builrling on the northeast
eorner of Front and .Bay streets. The shop,
keepers on each side are,many of them, well
known names. The store at present occu-
pied by Mr. Score, was the wholesale estab.
lishment of MI'. .Benjamin Torrance, a name
indelibly connected with the mercantile in.
terest., .of the D, minion. This shop was
occupi?d for years by Mr. J. E. Pen, gilder,
and abou
twenty years ago by Mr. Score.
The shop we8t of the theatre entrance wa.s
th1.t of Mr. J. Gtiffi.th, a well,known sad-
dier. Then came Mr, Geo. Savdge, th.
watchmaker. Mr. Savage at a I!l.ter date
had a shop on King street east. He at one
time was Collector of Customs for the port of
Toronto. The next shop was Mr. Geor
e
Moore's. Over this shop was the office of
Mr. Chas. Rahn, the dentist. Then came
the hotel. The next door west of the hotel
was the house that stands there to-day, and
Was occupied by Mr. Robert Hawke, a mer.
cha.nt tailor, with whom Mr. Score worked
for m:Lny years. Next door west wa.s the
shop of MI'. John Craig, a painter and glass-
stainer. Mr. Craig not on1y painted Ih'
houses and fences, but was somewhat of a
banner p1.inter, and some of the NationaÌ,
the Orange and Freemason societies of tho3e
days had theil' ba.nners painted by him.
Yeara afterward'll\1r. Vrai'{ moved to Queen
street and lived in a large house on the
south side of that street, immediately oppo,
site James street. Next door was the eitab-
Hshment of Mr. Geo. Shuttleworth, a grocer,
and the first door west of the Theatre la,lf',
W:I,!'; the chemist and druggist shop of Mrs.
R. Tuton, the widow of a very respectable
druggist. who at one time occupicd a shop
on King street, further west. One àoor
west of Mrs. Tuton'
s'ands to-day. as it
stood forty years a,go, th
office of the'Ranger
of High Park, Mr.- J. G. Howard, the archi.
tecto In those days he was the City En
i.
neer and the drawing master of Upper
Canada Colle?e.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

33T

CHAPTER CXIIL
LAND GRANTS IN YORK AND TORONTO FROM 1798 TO 1861.

... Tab)e hllowluK tbe 81z'. and Loeatlo. .. Lot" "rRoud 'be Orlr;tn:tl Paleute,'.. wit"
a Brie' Df'sr.rtpUye Outline' uf 'he Fira& 'low. rlul. Pal.k Luis and
ubl!Leq.eul
Exlen.lon"..
As originally laid out and defined in 1794, the town plot ot lork was a compac.
little paru.llelo
ram, bounded on the sout.h by Palac
street, on th
east by Parliament
street, on the D"Irth,by the present Dnk9 street, or, as it then was, Duchess street, and
on the west by JJrv:s street. Comprhed within tht'se boundaries were twelve fqnare.,
each of about two and a. half acres. The land lyin
between Palace street an t the bay
fr nt was set Ø8ide as a GJvernm::!l.t;
es I've.
No maps or records are in existence showing the first pOS':Jessol's and the amOl;nt pos
sealed by each of the land within 1h se narrow bo.1n laries. Not until tWJ ;)ears later do
definhe record3 exist of the divifions of pI' perty, and th 'se not of the original town pI )fS,
bu. of th} lots included in the first exten-;ion o' York rdotified by the Coullcil, Jun..: 10,
1797, an 1 (,f the part lots wh'ch were simply farmi of 100 acres each, stretch:ng westward
fro:n the Don, with Queen street as their sou' hern boundary line. In the map of this
first ext!Dsion th} wwn lo.s a"e eRch of one acre or app!oximateìy. The town a,; thus
enltr;!ed was boundt'd on the Dortt. by Queen streJt, on the west by York, on the east by
Parïa.me"1t, a.Dd on the south by Pahce, now K1DJ, a.t the {a.'.;t rn e'ld, anJ by Fr mt. fO-
called th(D, as now a.t the we3tern end. Dunng
he admin:stra..tion of Governor Peter
Russell, l:etween the years 1798 and 1802, a stil further ex
ension W8.3 made, but on'y to
the westward 80S br 80'3 Peter stre3t, the same divis:o JS of lan1 ob
aiDing, From th:l.t period
to the present time th
re ha.ve be n mJ.IJY exttnsio!1s in eVt'ry d:recti n save to the south-
ward, ..here nature has fixed the boundary.
PATENTS.
TOWNSHIP OF YORK. NOW IN THE CITY OF TORONTO,
Broke'1i Fronts.
Part of
Name of Grantee. Lot. Acre"-
J. B. Bouchette .................... All 60
Patrick Barn......................, A II 58
WiUiam Cooper.........,......,.... All 30
Slimuel Cozens.........,........... All 34
Paul Wiloott .. ...... . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. All 38
John.AshbridgA...... ....,....... An 38
Jonathan Ashbridge.. ........." E! 17
P"rkerMilIs....,.............. ,... Wt Ii
John Matthews..,.......,.,....... .\11 (2
Benjamin MOi!ley . , . . . . .' ,. , . . ' . . . . All 52
(;hrlstopher Robinson..."........, All 48
Frederick Brown...., ... ..... .. .. .. All 511
John Cox.......................,... All 70
John SC8dding .,..,.............., All 30
Gore between T. of YOl"k and Government Park.
D. W. Smith........................ All 7
D. W. Smith............,........... All 1-10
Park Lots.

2} F.G.Simcoe,...,...,.."......... { N I
Hon. W. D. Powell, et al , ....' .. s . Pt
See ,.\,D. 18.'il (see folio 57)........ y. .
3 John Small h.......................: All lOG June 30. 1801
4. John White......................... All 100 Fcb, 10, 1791
5 David W. Smit.h........,...,.,..... .All 100 1tlarch 6,li98
'. David \\.Smith,..,................ B. F. 26-10 Vec, 31, li98
u '\ViUiam Jarvis.. . . ..... . . . . .. ..... , All lOG :K av. I, 18H
7 Hon. John McGill.................. All 100 July 21, 1809
.s Hon. John McGill............,..,.. B.F. 3 Dec. 31, 1798
Geo
e Playter .....,.......,.. .,.. All 100 Aug. 2t, 1796
II Jame" l\lcCantry ..........,.....,. .All 100 f'cpt, 1, 1 ï9j
10 Ðavid 'Villiarn
mith,...,....,.,.. All 100 Sl'l.t.l. 1.97
11 Rev. Thos. Raddisb".,.,..,.,...,. All July 18, lï97
l' Mr. JusticePoweU......,..,..,.... AU 'May 1. li98
13 RO.:1ert J. V. Gray....,............. At 100 May 1, 1798

t
ter \

lssclL . .. .." . '. .. .' .. " .. .. An 100 Mar. 2:'s, 1798
m. lllcocks, .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . .. ,AU.. Dec. 22. 1798
llE'tter H Joh.! McDonelL.. ..,.... ..,.,..... ., _... 10 Oct. 4. 1811
A parcel in front of Park lots 1,).16, 17 and 18, and in rear of Military Heservc known by
Letter I W iHiam Halton................,.. _ 22 Oct. 1. 1811
. 16 Hon, W. D. Pol well, et al,.......... .iii. April 26, 1819
lC Hc,',. Jas. Baby .................... AU Uec. 31. 1798
11 Hon. A lex. Grant..... __ .... .. . .... . All lJec. 3L 1798
:22

Name of
fltl'eet..

lot.
a
4.
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
11
]2
13
14
15

Date of
Patent.
Feb. lOr 179;-
Aug. 21, 1796
1.Iec. 31, 1798
Aug'. 24, 1796
.Aug. 2-1, 1796
AUg'. 24, 1796
_\ ug. 24, 1796
Aug. 24,1796
S,::pt. 1, 1797
Aug. 24. 1796
Sept. 1, 1797
Oct. 15, 1804
J Ilne 22, 1796
May 6, 1796
July 23. 1798
Dec, 3J, 1798

A UIZ'. 8, 1795
April 29, 1819

338

Name 01
.treeL

Hu1 B. 1
Ðlock
J

Ð10ck
a

Ðlock
.

Ðlock
6

Ð10ck
.

AHfm Mcnonald...,. ..... ,. ........
}< phraim Holland Payson..........
'" illiam Hunter.......,. ..........
'Thomas Ward.... ,... ,... ,....... ,.
Palace Street.
A ( 1 2 JohnS'1"alI...............,. .,...... All 4.5
Angus McDowell........... ......, All 2.5
B ( 3 4 Hon. Peter Russell ................ All 4-5
Eliz&beth Russell.................. All (.S
C ( 6
Lawrence Herchmer ...............A1l 2-5
William Allan............ .......... All 2.5
D ( 8 7 WilU..m Wilcocks....,.,...,....... All 2,5
Duncan Cameron .................. All 2.5
( 9 George Playrer ......,............. All 2.5
10 William Crooks...... .... ...... .. .. AJI 2.5
F William Campbell........,......... All 4.5
G Christopher Widmer .......,...... An 35
King Street ((ormerlv Dltke Street) Old Town-North Sick.
! 1 Ì)a\'id W. Smith.......,............ H. pt. 1,[) Mf\rch6.1798
.. John 8maJI. .... ... .. ,..... ....., ., ., Ft. pt. 2-10 June 21, 1
16
2 David W, Smith.............,...... R. pt. 1-5 March6,1798
.. David W. Smith.................... (';:t

1-10 July 23. 1798
. ( E.iof
.. John Small.......................... Ft: nt. 1-10 June 21. 1816
3 David W. Smith..................., R. pt. 1.5 Mar'6. 1798
.. David W..sm
th
..:................ Ft. r t. 2.10 July 23. 1798
4 Hon. David W, :--nllth.............. Al 2-5 Dee, 15. 1798
5 Hon. David W. Smith,...,.,......,.All 2 sq. chains D
c. 31. 1798
{ 6 John Kendrick ...................., All 3.5 April25, ]808
7 William AlJan.......... .. .. .. . . ... . All 1-5 Mar. H, 1798
8 Samnel Herol.o...........,.......... All 1 Dec. 31, 1798
{ 9 Dal 1 iel Cozpns, jr.....,.,.......,... All 1-5 Aug. R, 1799
10 William Demont .... ......,...... All 1-5 Aug. 24, 1796
11 John Jones ......................... 1;. t 1-10 Mar. 23,1812
.. S.LnlUel Peter .Jarvis......,.,...... W. t 1-10 Mar. 30, 1814
12 Willia'lI Smith ................,.... All 1-.5 May 21. 1796
{ 13 Ar
hibald Cameron........,....... All 1
June 30, U\U1
14 8ergeantJohnMrBride...,........ All 1-5 Mar. 19, 1798
15 John John MeBride................ All 1-5 May 20, 1801
.. Hon, J. McGill et at................ All 1-5 April 6, 1808
16 William WiHcf)cks................. All 1-5 MeloY 17, 1802
{ 17 Hiram Kp.ndrick ................... All 1-.5 Dec. 1. 1803
18 ])orC<ts Kendrick................... All 1-.5 June 12, 1798
19 John Roche..:...................... All 1-5 :IIec.31, 1798
20 JOi'eph KendrIck .............,..... All U Dec. 31. 1798
{ 21 ]i
ward \-Vright.................... AU U Sept. 4. 1800

) JosephHunt........................ .AI.I 2-5 Aug. 8, 1799
24 Sa.muel Marther.. .. . . .. .. ,.. . .. '... All 1-5 Sept. 14, 1800
{i Kiag Street (furmerl'J/ Duke Street, Old Town)-South Side

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

I

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
2å
26
27
28
29
80

Part of
Nam'J of Grantee. Lot. Acres, ete.
Park Lots contmued.
Edward Baker LittlehaJes ......,. All
Lieut.-Col. nadd Shank ,......... All
John MacdoneJI .............. ...... AJI
Major DaviCl, Shank................ All
Samuel Rmith .. ., '. .. " . . .' . . , . . . . . All
Hon. Æneas Shaw ................ .All
.John BaDtiste Bouchette ....,..... .All
David Burns..................... .All
Alexander lVlcr\abb..............., N. I
William Chewitt ......,........... S. i
Willian. }\lbm........,............. r-o.

ThomRs Ridout.. " . . . .. . .. . ., ..... , S. t
An
us McfJonel! ................., AJI
Mf\Jor 1180 vid Shank.... . .. .. . .. . . . . All 2ÕÔ
Samuel Smit h.. .. ....... .. ... . . . .. .. All 200
Hon. Æneas::'haw.............. .... :\II 200
J. B. Bouchette..................... All 200
William Halton,................... AIl 200
PENIN
ULAR FRONTING THE CITY 01' TORONTO-None,
Cl'J:Y OF TORONTO.
(East Side.)
Anne Smith..........,............,. .All
Anne Smith, . . . .. .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .All

Lot.

j
52
o

1
2
G
3
4
85
ð

1
1
i
8 chains

1
1

All
All
All
All

Jill
o
o
i:Q

Date of
Pa.te.lt.

A up;. 10, 1801
Dec. 31, 17!18
Nov. 26, 1810
April 21. 1797
A prU 11, 1806
Aug. 3, 1799
May 17. 1802
May ?.2. 1798
Dec. 1'1, 1798
1Jec. 31. 1798
Dt!c. 31, 1798
Dec, 31, 1798
May 20, 1801
Aprü 21, 1797
A up;. 11, 1806
Aug. 3, 1799
Feb. 10, 1797
Dee. U, 1810

Mar. 6, 1798
Mar. 5, 1798

JUlý"23,"1798
July 23. 1798
May 20, 1801
May 1. 1798
July 10. 1801
July II). 180!
Mar. 19, 1798
Mar. 14, 1798
Mar. 22, 1806
Dec. 14, 1798
Mar. 19, 1798
M:IY 14, 1803
May 20, 1
1
Ocr. 8. 1803
April 13, 1812
June 5, 1817

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

339

Name of
atNet.

Part ot
Lot. Name of Grantee. Lot. Acres. ete.
King Street (Formerl'y Duke Street. Old Town) South Side, Oontitl1led.
{
) Included in No.1, north side of Palace street,
A' 7 Paul Marion. . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. All 1-5 :May 17, lid
8 William Demont ....................All 1-6 Aug.
. 17.
{ 1
) Included in No.3 north side of Palace street.
B 11) Included in So. , north side ot Palace street.
{ It James Mills ........................ All t-ð :May 17, 1807
C:: John McGill d al...,............
.. AI]1 1-5 :Mar. U. um
16 John Mcl.ougRIl................,... All' 1-5 Mar. 19. 1798
{ 17 William Graham..... . . . . . , .. . . .' .. .A II 1-5 '. A ug, 8, 1799
18 Richard Lawrence,.....,....,. ,.,. .A I May 17. 1802
D 19 " Richard Beasley et al . . .. . . , . ,. .. .. .A
l 1-5 Feb. 13, lBOi
Samuel Osburn............, ........AIl 1-5 }'layI7. 18O'l
20 Richard Beasley.................... All 1-5 Feb. 13, 1805
{ 21 John McIJougall. . ..: ... .......... A I 1-5 A pril6, 1808
It 2 23
Ira Bissell..............,., ......... Ah 1-5 July 24, l'iOO'
Shivers Cozens......,.,.,.......... .A 11 1-5 July 20. 179!t
2' John McBride...,.....,............ All 1-5 June 16, 1801

f {::
) BleCk John Small. . .... .... , .. . . . . .. ... - .. All 1 May T, 1812
Bet ween Park Re- }
servp and J. William Halton,................... All 2 Oct. &. 1811
Small's lands.
Parallelogram Letter R, east of Town of York, pa.rt reserved for park and Government buildings
John Small ....... .... ...... . .. . .. .. All 2 Dec. 6, 1825
North Side.
1 Noel Holmf's........................ All 9 sq. chains .A 1Jg. 19. 1799
2 Thomas Ridout.. . . . ' . .... ... . ...... All 9 sq. chains Mar. U. 1798
3 Peter PennÏl go......,......,........ All 9 sq, chains June 10. 1801
, JohnHt'nryKahman.............. All 910 March 7,1803
5 Maria. WiUcocks........,........... All 9 sq. chains Sept. 4, 1800
6 Hon. James
<<by
n tru!>t for RO- ) All 91! q . chains M
9
1808
man CRthul1c chapel. . -.
South Side.
John Mathews.. .. " .... . .. .... . ...
Parker Mills...................,....
John A shbridge .. .. .. .. .. .... ......
John Henry Rahman ........,.....
William Jarvis. _ .. .., ..., ... ......
'" illiam Jarvi
...,............... .,
Titu.; Geer Simons ....,............
Thomas \" ard ..' . . . _. .. . . . . . . . . '.. .
William Willcock.....,............
Malcolm Wright,............ ......
,Edward Havward..................
Tholllf'oS Mercer".,.,....,..........
Thomas Matt;:ews ....,............
Joseph Kendrick,. .. ....... .. '.....

Duke á.

George ..

III
III
CI
'5
ß

6
7
8
1
)
11
12
13
14
15 )
16
17
18
19
20
21

)
24

Nicholas Klingen brumer . . . . . . . . . ..
North Side.
1 William Cooper...... .. .. ..........
2 William Glendower White........
3 RobArt Hflndl'rRon .................
4, Robert Henders In .................
Gore Colin Brummond et al. trustees )
of Presbyterian congregation
6 -^Iexandpr McDonell...............
6 Thomas Kirgem................ ....
South Side.
William Bond............ . . . ... .. ..
Mary Hidout........................
.Archib'\ld Thompson...............
.A ndrcw Thonlpson.................
David Thompson..... ..............
Joh.n Conn...........,.........,....
West Side.
t Joseph Ketchum......... .... ......
S
amuel1'
h.......................
S Samuel Peters Jarv's...... ........
A Sa.muel Peters Jarvis..............

1
2
3
,
6
6

Da.te of
Patent..

.All
.All
All
All
All
AU
All
All

1-6
1-5
1-5
2-5
1-:1
1.5
1,5
1.5

Mav 17, IBM
May 19. 1798
May 17, 180i
May 1;, 1801
Nov. 1. 1811
I' ov. 1, 1811
:M ay 14_ 1801
:May 1, 1798
June 30, 1801
May 17. lSOi
M 8.y iO. 1801
May J3. 1805
Mar. H,1798
Dee. 31, 1798

All :May 17, l81J
All 9 Rq. chaIns Bept. " 1800
.All 93,025 Bî chaina Dec. 31, 1798
All 9 sq. c ains June 30, 1801
All . May 20, 1801
All i April 15, 1825
All 1 Mar. 9, 1807
All 9 sq. chø.inø Sept. '. lBOU
Äii 9 sq. chains Aug,10, 1801
9 I"q. chains Mar. 14, 1798
All 9 sq. cha.ins I'ov. 25. 1802
All 9,10 Am'il22, 1807
.All 9 sq. chains May 19, Ui06
All 9 sq. chains Sept. 20. 1803
.All 1 A'l1g. 10, um
All 1 May 20, 1801
All 6-10 M!\r. 18, 1822
All 1 Mar. 18. 11:121

KO

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

16

}
19
A Block
1
2
3

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
{(}
/} 5 9 6 : 7 1) ) ) Thoma
Raddish ...................
A A: n l
1
Mary Elm,>ley ,.....................
Hon. John Elmsley..,................
Catherine Hannah Allcock... .. . ...
1 1 :' 3 J ) I
Hon. Henry Al cock................ AU
{ t
) Arthur Holdsworth Br,ooking...... All
}
) John Entecott,..................... All 1
A tract on south side of King street and east side at Simcoe street.
Hon. Archibald Ml'Lean et al for ) A l l 18 918 f t
Church of Scotland , sq. ee
Nortrt Side.
Robert Gray. . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .. .. All

lIa-ne of
street.

TOroDto st.

..c:
u
... .
::s

,ctO
;)

Market )
Bloc

Wewst.

Lotilt.

.I
.

o

.I
.
...
"

E&..'It
aide.

<D
't:S
ëÐ

oß

o
Z

rl

Lot.
1
2
3
4

Part of
Lot. .Acres, etc.

Name of Grantee.
East Side.
James G: een........,..,...,........
1\laria GrePD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Villiam Stanton....................
David Burns,........ .........".....
East Side.
Hon. Henry Allcock et al.. ........

AU 1
All 1
All 1
AU 1
AU 61
All
AU 1
All 4
All 6
All
AU
76,230 sq, links
76.250 sq. links
76,2.JO SQ. links

A

D' Arc:!," Boulton et al for ChurCh )
yard and buryini' g-round
JVest Side.
JohnMcDoneU,..., ,......., .....
Grant Powell et al for J,tÏl and )
Court House
Hon. W. D. Powetl et al in trust.,.
'West Side.
Lucy Stuarr.. .... ... .....,........
Rev. Geo. Okill Stuart.,.., ..' ,....
Old Town.
Marianne \Yhite.. ........... .....
Charles
amuel White.............
John \\Thite............., ..... ....
New Town..

A
B
C
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
S
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
)2
13
14
15

Same as north side of Hospital It.
(qu. v.)

Pound...... .............,..........
Saml'! as north side of Hospital st.
(qu. v.) ....
John Vanzant ...................... N. pt.
Same as north side of Hospita.lst.
(ql1. v.)
Rev, Alex. McDonell et al tor )
}-{omJl.n Catholic church. et.c.
Thom IS Scott.. ... ....'........,'.
.James McCaulay. . .. ... . . .. .. . . ....
Charlotte Berezy...................
John Del'nison..... ..... ,...... ....
Henry John. Houlton...... ........
rl'homas Schofield. ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. "
Anne Powell. . . . . . ... .........,....
Hon. Wili'am Dumme:' Powell '"
Hannah Jarvis .,.'.,...............
WilHam Jarvi
..,..,...............
\Yilliam Penelope Beikie... . . .... "
James Givins. , . , . . , . . . . , . . . . , , . "
Simcoe Place.
Robert Isaac De Grll,y ,. -....... .... All

2

1-5

All
All
All
All
.All
All
All
AU
All
AU
All
All
All

61
1
.
9-11
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
i
1
1

1

Date of
Patent.
Ju)y 10. 1801
July 10. 1801
Jan. 9. 1812
Mar. 14, 1803
(2t
Oct. 7, 1&3

Sept. 4, 18i,

Oct. (, 1811
April 29. 1819
April 26, 1819
May 19. 1806
Feb. In, 1800
Dec. 31. 1798
June 12, 1798
June Ii, 1798

Aug. 10. 1881

J'une 15. 183:!
Aug. 10, 1801
Dec. 2, 180:!
SeDt. 10. 1804
Jan.
, 1798
May 28. 1839
July 29, lï99
May 1. 1798
Jan. 9. 1798
.A UJ{. II'. 1801
.. ug. 10. 1801
May 17, ISO:!
:May 2.'. 1801

Aug. 10, 1801

Dec. 31, 1798
Dec.3l, 1798
April 8, 179t1
Sept. 7, 1804
Sept. 8, 1804
May 20. 1801
June 30, 1801

A pril I, 1846

Au
. 10. lSOI

T.ù\ND.M.ARKS OF TORONTO.

Name of
t;treet.

341

1ii
.."

1!
..

Lot.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
b,
A
B

l

Traot

:it
s=

-
1).;0
..w

"'G1
t5

o
ø

.s
c
tit
a

11
GI
d
III

G1
Z

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
III
1111
1
2
3
4
5
ø
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
B
1
2
3
,
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
D

Part of
Na.me of Grantee. Lot. Acres, eta.
North Side Continmd.
Richard Ferguson....,.,........,., All
Thomas HamiHon..",... .......,.. An
Archibald Thomp:son"......,...." All
Benjamin Cozens,..,. .....,........ W.I-5
Benjamin Cozens................. .. K. 4-5 1
Alexander \Vood................... An 1
WilHam Chf'lwf>t".............,..... All 1
Wiiliam Chewett.,.,........,...... All 1
Hon. Ro1v
rt Hamilton......,...... All 1
Hon. James Ba'oy... '........... .... All 1
Magdalen Cartwright,.........,... All 1
Rev. ..dmnndBurke............... All 1
George Crook"hank................ An 1
John McGill....., ................... All 1
Alexander McDonell.. ............ All 1
Hon. Rideaux Selby. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. All 1
South Side.
Hon. Thomas
cott,....".... .....' All
Hon. L. P. Sherwood............... All l
Thomas Scott....................... All ..
Elizabeth Tu<'k McCaulay. __ ...... All 1
Henry John Boulton.._............. An 1
Alexander Mc'abb,............... All 1
Robert ltichardson _.. ..........,.. All 1
William Weeks.......,............. All 1
John Powell..........,............. An 1
William LJummer Powell, jr",.... All 1
Bartholomew Crannell Bea.l'dley.. All 1
George Love.... '..... .............. An 1
Jr.hn McLaney...... .,... ..... ,..... All 1
Elizabeth Andrews..... .. . .. .. .. . . . All 1
New TO'Irn-Norlh Side
Charles Field .......,.,............ All 1
Wiiliam Bouket..............,..... All 1
Robert McIJonell....... '......... All 1
Capt. Daniel C(lzens. . . . . . . Alii
James Richardson.................. All 1
Phoebe Baldwin..,................. All 1
Charles Willcocks.. . ... ..,........ AliI
William Cooper..................... All 1
Hugh Earle.........,............... AU 1
William Huntpr........ ......... __. All 1
Hon. Willia.mi

t
r Powell etal All 1
New TOlen-South Side.
Robert IRaac IJC Gray.. __ . . ,.. . .... .A n 1
Theophilus
ampson... ........... A 11 1
Charles Selleck. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . All 1
Joseph Ketchum.. .. ............,.. AliI
Wilham
mith.. ... ................ All 1
Cornp.lius Bel son................... All 1
William Chewett,. . , , . . . . , . . ., , . . . . All 1
Isabeila Chewett ......,.. .......... All 1
Richard Duncan........... __....... All 1
James HOBS. .. . . . . .. .. ,... . .. . . .. .. . . All 1

.Alexander McDonell....... ........
Dav d Ramsay.. " .....,..... .......
Hugh Mel ean.. ,.,... ." ...........
Hon, D. W. Powell et al in trust, ..
North Side.
Frederick Baun de Hoen...........
II liphalct Hale..,. , . . . ' . .. " . . . . . , . .
GeOI'Ke Purvis......................
George Cutter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alexander Burns, . , . . . . .... . . . . . .. . .
Ed w'lrd Graha.m . . . . . .. , , . . . . . . , .. . .
Thomas Stewa.rt. . ' . .. .. .........' ..
Thomas Cornwell.."...............
William WillCOCk.... .... .. ". ....
William Graham.. .' . .. .. " .. . . . . .'
John McBeath...,...... ............
John Ma('heisly ....................
.John Beikie................,........
Hugh lieward..,. __........ ........
James Chesney............. __......
Hon. D. W. Powell et al in trust,..
See A.D. 1851 (see folio 57)

.All
All

'\ II
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All

. pt.
S. pt.
All
All
All
All
All
All

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1-5
(-5
1
1
1
1
1
6

Date 01
Patent..
June 18. 1816
May 13, 186.":l
May 24. l'i9S
M
y 3, 1816
May 3, 1816
July U, 180:\
A ug, 17,1ROi
Oct. 25. 179ß
St'pt. 26, l80i
May <J:l, 1791
Feb. 7, 180t
Junp 25, IS);"
Aug. 10, lær
June 10. 1801
}. ug. 10, 1
1
July 29, l800
May 10, 180::
Dec. 16. 182!
Aug. 10, læ)
Dec. 2, 1800
()ct. 28, 182AJ
1\ Oy, 25, 1802
May 20, 1801
Dec. 31. li9i
May I, 1798
May 1, 1798
May 30. 1801
May 20, 1801
May 20, 1801
May 20, lWI
May 20, 1801
S pt. 4, 18041
May 19. 1811
Mar. 23, 1798
May 8. 179V
Jan. 10. 1816
June 17, 181'
July 22, 180&
Sept. 4, 1800
May 20. 180l
April 26, 18)9

May 13, 1803
June 30, 1801
}'lay 17, 18O'J
Mny 14. l8O:i
:May 20. 1808
Sept. 29, 1818
June 26. lSOI
Mav 20. 1801
Aug. 9, 1810
Aug. 7, 181J
June 21, 1809
Sept. 24, IHI3
May 17, 1802
April 26, 181S
Oct. 9, 1815

ov. 9, 1801
May 13. 1803
_., pril 6. 1804
?Jov.17, 1817
June 25, 1804

ept. (, 1800
July J<1. J809
June 30. 1801
Aug. 8, 1799
Oct. 26, 1801
May 20, 1801
Mtty 17. 1802
]';ov. 25, 18()j
May 19. 1808
Apri126,18U

342

Name of
atretJt.

EMt Side.

f
.,
::f
0'
iii

:::
I)
.
e
::f
It.

Weat Side.

South Side.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

.
4)
":t

4)
Z

Lot.
1
2
3
:i
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 )
12

Part of
Name of Grantee. Lot. Acres, etc.
New Town continued-South Side.
Jonathan ' cott . . , . . . .. , .. . . . . , . .. . . .A II
Job Soder.,...................,..,. _ Ail
Alexa',dpr MDowell....,...,...... All
Thomas Kni
ht............, .... .... All
John Bennett .........,............. AU
'J homas Paxton.. .. .. ..... _ . . . .. . . .. All
Charles Wil cocks.................. All
VAl"cyBoulton.,.......... ........ All
Hon. '1 horna.s Cochran......"...... All
Robert Isaac lie Gra.f'" _ _ . .. . . .... Ail
Hon. Wm. D. PoV'ell et al in trust. .All
N01th Side.
Joshua Leech.......................
James McCaulRy...................
James Elliort..........,.,.,........
John Vanzant......,........... ....
Andrew Johnston.............. ....
PetE"r K ahnn ., ., , . , , . ... . . , _ . . , _ _ _ _ ,
Loui!'<e Fournier.. .... .............
Samuel Hidout...........,..........
John Jones....... '..................
N ichola.s Klingcnbrumer ..........
Samu!'!l If eron .... ...... .. .. ...... ..
Joseph Hunt................. .... ....

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

.
3
"S.
IQ
o
=

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
It
15
16
17
18
19

3-5
3-5
3-5
1-5
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-5

,5
4.-5
1
3-5

.AU
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
Jill
All

n

H on John Beverley Robinson.... .
J 1'8. HiBsell. . . , ' . . . .. . ' . . . .. . . . . . . , . . .
Joseph K..ndrich.,..................
WiHiall1 'Warren Baldwin..........
Joseph Willcocks...................
John Henry J &cob Battger.. . ., .. ..
South Side.
1 William Cooper.................,... All 1
2 .A I

.a"der Be.ll,.................... All 2-3
3 Wlllliim JarVIS....... .............., All 1
oi Daniel Tierd......... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. All 1)
5 Daniel Tiers... ..........,.......... All 1
6 Bernard Cary.... ............... '. '. All 1
7 Andrew Hdnlein............,....., All 1
8 PeterO.Chu.,................,.......All 1
9 Seneca. Ketchum.............. ....., S. pt. 1-5
.. Paul Marion............ ........... N. pt.
-5
JO John f\ight.on or :>-iten....,.,...... All 1
11 Edward Jessllp.jr.................. All 1
12 Elisha Beman....... .. .. ........ .... All 1
13 Richard BI ß'1ley.. .. .. .. .. . ..... ... . .A II 1
11 GI orge Conn.. .. .. .. . . . .. .. . , . .. .. . , .A 11 I
15 William Claus...................... All 1
16 Colin Mc
ab........,................All 1
17 Richard Gamble.................... All 1
18 Hon. Lieut.-CoL Samuel Smith.... All 1
19 John Scarlett........... ,.,...,.....All 1
In the r
ar of
h
publ
c squares at the north end of Church street.
Catherule 1\1 cG111......... ...... .... All 1
Hon. John McGill.................. All 1
{
) John Gamble.. ......... ........ .... All 1

) Allan McI.ean...................... All 1
!
) Hugh Cameron..................... .All

) John McDonell..,.. '. .. . .... .. . ..... All
9 Gcori;e Cown ,....." '.......... ,,'. All
III )
11 Thomas Fraeer .. .. .. .. .. . . , .. , .. .. . All
g) Richard 'Wilkinson. . - - - . . . . , . .' .. . . All
{

} Hon. William Dummer POwell ) All
16 et al in trust
17
{ }
) Catherine Hannah Allcock... .. .. .. All
20' G 1
21) Hon. Alexander rant. ... .. .. ..... . A I

...
.
'3

o
=

E. side
W. side

c)

(lJ
.Q
1:
o
Z

1
I
1

Date of
Patent.
May 17, 18O'J
Aug. 8, 17119
Jan. 20, 1807
Feb.
l802

ov. 25. 180i
May 17. IBM
April U, 1810
.Aug. 8, 1809
Nov. 19. 1803
April 6, 18(>>
April 26, 1819

All
. 12. 1806
Ma1 1
, 1803
May 17, lBOi
Aug. 10, 1801
May 17, 1802
Mar. 3, 1803
June 30, 1801
A \lR'. 10, 180:!
Mar.
, 1813
May 17. 1802
Dec. 31, 1798
Aug. S. 1799
Jan. 3, 1835
July 2
, 1799
Dec. 31. 1,98
May
O, 1801
Mav 20, 1801
May W. 1801

Ma.v U. 1803
J'1.ñ. 5, 1809
May S, 1801
MilY 17, 1802
April 3, 1816
A Dril 25. 1816
May 17. 1802
May 17, 1802
May 17, 1802
JUly 21, l826'
May 17, 180:1
July 17. 1799
AUK. 29, 1801
July 10, 1801
Mß.Y 20, 1801
May 24. 1799
May Zl, 1799
May 16, 1799
May 20. 1801
Aug. 10, 1818
.A.pril
, 1817
June 10, 1801
Aug. 10, 1801
May 20, 1801
Sept. 4. 1800
May.... 1811
May 20. 1801
May 2(, 1798
May". 1799
M!l.Y 21. 1799

April 26, 181

Sept. S, 1804
May 31, 1801

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

343

Name of P<lrt of
street. Lot. Name of Grantee. Lot. Acres, e'c.
New T01lJ1l.-South Side continued.
(22 Hon. John
lmsley................. All
South Bide
ro Benjamin Hallowell., .. .. .. " . . . . . , All
l

) Hon. John Elms1ey................. All
H John Beverley RObinson.\Villiam ) All 30
.Allan et al in trust:
Richmond Strflet-::;ou[h Sid", (0 iginally Known as Hospital Squa.re.)
,..------..--^------'"
1 2 3 , 5 6 7 1 2 3
567 123 , 567
Ma.rch st.-North Side. Eouth Side,
N'ewKate st.- Hospital Square.
".--------^--.--..............
1 2 3 , 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 101 15 16 17.
Old Toum-- Wattr Lota.
Alexander Legge,..... ............ E.
Duke Wm. Kendrick. etal......., Wi

JohnSmall.......................... All 1
( 'n Bay Shore, east side of Peter street.
Hon, Joseph Massont.............. ....
A. Furni..s.......................... All
Water Lots granted to the Corporation of the OilV of Toronto.
Betwecil Berkeley street and Princess street. produced,. ....
.. Princess street and Caroline street.. . . . . . . . . .... .. ..
.. Cl\roJine street and Frc'derick street... .. . . ... "
J'rf'derick street nnd George street.... ... '" ... .
GeC1l'!1:e street and New street. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..

tiJ

.
o
ø.
ø.
o

1
2
3
,
A In front of }
Town Lot A.
Continuation t
of A. I
E i of Lot 10. }
W t of Lot 10.
it xtenslon of
E. i of do.
E! Lot 9.
W t of Lot 9.

. part of do.
W i of Lot 7.
E t of Lot 7.
In front of }
Freder'fck st.
West side of }
GraTes st.
D
E
F
G
H
I
Iu front of }
Market square.
In front of }
S. E. corner of
Market House.
1I}
N
o
P

In frout of }
Town Lot C

1
2

3
oi
5
6
A
B
8

See A. n. 18,,}1. folio 57.
Jacob Herchmer ...................
William .'\lll\n,. ...... ............ ..
Quetton St. Ge Jrge..... .... .. . . .. , .
John I )unham , , .. .... .. .. .. .. . . .. . ,
Duncan Came!"on ..................
New Town.
Honourable Thomas Scott... . ., . . . .
See A.V. 1!!52, folio 58.
Eliza Russell. .... .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . ,.
William Cooper.... ..: ...........
William Bergin .. .............. ....
Daniel Brooke........ . . . . , . . , , . .. . .
Daniel Brooke...... .. , . . . . . . . . . .. . ,
GuyC. Wood ........,.,......,.".
Thomas Milburn ............. . . .. .,
Andrew Mercer.. .... .. .. ...... . . ..
\Villiam Bergin........,............
WilliRm Bcrgin.,. .............,....
Alexander \\ ood... .. .... .. .. .. .. .'
Susannah M. Willcox.....,...,.,..
William AUan, d al........... .....
Joseph Beckett ............,.......
John Ewart........................
.John Ji'wart ,...................,...
V' Arcy Boulton, Junr..,. ........ ..
John Bishop,
enr.... .. .... . .. .. .. .
Henry Hamilton. ...... ... .... ....
ThC1mas Helliwell. .....,..........
Ulick Howard......................
The City of Toronto.... ...........

Joseph Shepherd. d al.. ... .. .. .. ..

J&Jnea Brown...,...................
See A.D. 1860. folio 71.

1
1

All
.All
All
All
All
All

11
1
1
1
1

All
All

1
1
26,3.'U sq. ft.
1
1
1
33.333 sq. links.
1
1
1
1
1
5-10
01
1
3-10
1 3-10
1 3-10
1
1
1
11

S. pt.

.All

s'.'pt.
Äii
I
All
All
S. pt.
All
All
.All
All
All
.All

All

1 3-10

All

2

5

I
01
1
3
18,fU:S sq. links.

Date of
l"aten&.

Aprü 8. 1m

Dec. 31, 1798
J ulJ' 1'- 1818

MRY 20. 1818
NoY'. i. 1808

Dec. 16, 1803
Nov. 4, 1803
Jan. 5, 1808
Aug. 6. 18U
bep
. 30, 1817
June 21, 1816

Dec. 17, 1812
June 7, 1816
Feb. 19, 1834
May m, ]817
Apr.l '. 1837
May 20, 1817
July 15, 183'T
:May
. 1817
A u
. 13. 1821
April ,. 1837
Ma.y 21. 1817
Dec. 16, 1818
Dec. 2, 1817
Jan. 23,

Sept, 11. 1828
June 1. 1m
June I, 1832
Feb. 18. 1831
Sept. 8, 1828
Sept. 8. 1828
Sept. 9. 1828
J nIJ' Z, 18 II
Dee. 13. Iæ8

July 21, 1843

July 10, 1m

NOT.21,18Ø
I'eb. 21. IMO

344

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Da.te of
Patent.

Part of
Lot.. A cres, etc.
Water Lot. granted to the Corporation of the City of Toronto-contin'lUd.
Commencing at wcstern limit of the .,treet on west Side } 2
of the Market, . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . , ..
.. at eastern limi; of Church street ,............... .. .. 20,000 sq. links. " ........ .. ..
at we"terll limlt of Vh urch strel't.. . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. 21-
Between Church street and Scott ,-treet. produced ........ ..., 3
.. Scott Etreet. anll Y onge st.reet.... ........,....... .,., .t
Eastern limit of Bay street R.nd western limit Of }
water lot in front of Town Lot No.2, N. .,.. 6
side of Front
treel; ,......,...,..............
Bay ö-treet and York street, produced .......... " "
York street and Gnl.\'es st,'eet , . . ' , . . . . .. .. ., .. . . . . , .
Als) see A.D. 1853. (Sce folio 69.)
Strips of land between the top of the bank and water's edge of the bay granted to the Oorpo..
ration of the City of Toronto, Feb. 21, 1840 :_
Extending from Berkeley strpet to Princess street. . . " . . 1
.. .. Princess street to C'lroline street.., . " .. 4-10
.. Caroline street to Frede['ick street...... 4-10
Frederick street to George street..., .... 4.10
George street to
ew strcet..,...,...., 3-10
In front of Market Buildings.... . ....... .. .. .. .. .. ........ { 20,000 SQ.. Unks. .. .. ... . .. ....
Extending from Church street to Fcott strpct, . .. . . '. " . . I-
.. .. Scott st reet to Y onge street... .......... t
Y onge street to Bay street . ..........., t
Bay street to York s; reet.. .....' .. . . .. .. 1 . .. .. .. . . ..
York street to Graves street............, ., .. . ,1 .... .. .... ....
Strips of land between southern limit of Front street and water edge. See A.D. 1853. (See
folio 59.)
See
-\.D. 1848, west side of Mill street, in front of lot 6. south of Front street. (
ee folio 54.)
See A.IJ. 1851, in front of lots. and 5, south of
'ront street and east at ParlilJ.ment street. (.:::ee
folio 57.)

ee also letter from Crown LandiS Department, dated 9th August, 1858, of surrender of I!or.
f.ion lying to the westward of the eastern limit of Parliament street. See A.D. 186i. (See
folio 67.)
N am e of
street.

i f i
=0
of
tIIJ""
s:l25

o F}
c....
0""
..':11

c
0 's}
c r
0 10
t:.
SJ . 11
:58 1

Ðd 13

-a. 14}
.... 15
0 16
uj 17
N.of (18
Jo-iagara - 19
street. l20
Ontario { i
terrace.
South of {i
Niagara st.
..... 7
4P 8
b 9
. 10
II 11
... 12
III
IIG 13 }
III 14
Z 15
c 16
0 17

14
6

Lot.

ame of Grantee.

Dal e of
Patent.

Part of
Lot.

Acres,
etc.

Section A.
John G Sprag-goe.. .. .. . ... .... . .. . .. All
Elizabeth May Hurd,........".... All
Hon. Levins Peter Sherwood. . . . . .All

Sept. 2, 18403
Oct. I, 1845
June 2, 1835

Joseph D. Ridout..................
Gecrge P. nidout .,..,. ............ {
Hon. Hobert 8. Jameson ,......... {
Robert Sympson Jameson.., ......
Robert S. Jameson .'... ,..._
George P. Ridout .. . .. . .. .. , .., .. ..
Joseph D. Ridout.......... .. .. . ...
Joseph D. Ridout.,.... '...
Joseph B. Spragge . _ . . . . .
James Henderson........ .........
'I'homas Bond .... __ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Francis Nesbit '.,.. . . . , . . . .. . . , . . .
:i

:
:1

i

d:: : ::: ::: : ::::
Section B.
Hon. Peter Robinson. (Also <;lee
See A.D. 1853, folio 59. folio 72.)

Wt
E! }
W t .. Aug. 29, 18401
'fIt }i & T7,076sq, links
ept. 28, I8H
All i Jan. 5. 1837
All
vec. 2, 18t2
All 1- cct. 7. 1814
.All i Nov. 6, 18H
_\11
Feb. 3, 18405
.\11 1 JuJy J!, 1843
All I- :Sept. 13, 1813
Ail t }. ov. 12, 18j6
.J\11 57,240 sq. links. lJec.22, 1835
All ('ct. 1. 184!j
All June !t,
1836

All

June 21, 1!'36

James Henderson ....,............. All
James HendE'rson .. .. .... . '" , , . .. . All
Thoms.s G. Hurd....,.............. .All
EdwardC. W. Hurd ........______ ....1I
Hon. Archibald McLean '.... All
Hon. Archibald Mcl.ean ....... .'.. All
William Proudfoot .. ...., '....... All
Henry John Boulton ...... .. '" .. An
Henry John Boulton .. ..........., All
James H
nderson ................, All

n
..

Sept. 13. 1843

OV. 2, 18!3
Nov. 18. 1843
!\ ov. 18, 18-13
Jan. 22, 1840t
Nov. 2, J8!3
May 31, 18-13
Sept. 13, 1843
.Ma.y 30, 18t;$
.May 31, 1St>

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Må

Name of
øtreet,

Date of
Patent.

Part of
};: ame of Grantee Lot. Acres, etc.
J ! } Jam
Hend,,,"n .. .'.. ..

.
All
5 See A. D. IS47, folio 53 ...... . . . , .. . .
6 James},'arti'1,..................... All
l 7 Edward Wil.iam Thompson....,.. All

John Solomon Cartwright,.. ,..... All
10
11 See A.D. 1857, folio 63.
12*
13 Hon, Robt. P. Jameson............ All
Ii*
* L.ts12 and Ii included in the patent with lot 13. See letter from Andrew RU8:iel1. E.e:q..
Assistant Commissioner of Crown LH.nds, dated 9th June, 1858, to tha.t effect. (Foìio 60)
(Signed), I. R. RJI:OI1'.

....
CI
CI

..

o

Õ
.cI

o
m

Section D.

( 1,\
N.
.
de t. laide

Jatr,es Fitzgibbon........,.... ....
_tat l
)

(

So of Adelaide
3 }
-,I
i
I 8
N.ot King J 9
&treet 1Vt'st. ì 10
III
\.12

SQuth of
King street.

East of
Por&,l&nd st.

s::
....0
0.... .

I-t-<-<
0-< ø.
Z

....
IIC
CI

iô
G3
'Ø

.....
o

ø
o
C11
....ti
o .

t;!;,Q
os:!
Z

(t
{Ii}
{
n
15 }
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Section E.
William Rees ......................
Clarke Gamble, et al... . . , . .. . . . .. . .
John Iiarper.. . . ., .. . - .. .. .... " " .'
Clarke Gamble, et al.. . . . . . . . . ' . . , . .
William Rees ........"............
Clarke Gamble, et al....,........"
Hon. R. Bald win Sullivan.... ." . ..
Gt'orge Duggan, Jr............... ..
George lJ uggan, Jr. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ..
William Hawkins..................
Clarke Gamble et al....,...........
Sectio'n F.
William Hawkins ..................
James Duffy.. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. ., .. .. :
Rev. Charles Dalle ................
Edward Hobson .... ........,.... '"
Jame:; Scallin ,.....................
Joseph B. Spragge .........,...,...
Robert :3ta.nton,......."...........

Clarke Gamble..,................,..

Tanna H. H. Thompson,. .... ......
Tanna H. Thompson"..,. . ., . .. . '.
Ed ward Hobson............,.,..,..
Phillip lJunford .. . ..... .... --,

1
n
4,
5
6
7
8
9
Ie
11
12
(13
114,
-< 15
!

\18

James Alexander Harvy.",.......
Clarke Gamble, et al... ...... '. ..,.
Sectic'n G.
Charles Clarke Gamble, et al,...
City d TC'ronto ....................
Jame. Fitzgibbon......,....,...",
John Hillyard Cameron.....,......
William Hawkins.....,.....,.....,
Ma
hew Evans ..............'.....
John Costello, et al ..,....... .....
John Lyfoight.,...........,...... ..
Francu. 1\ isbett. .... ...... ., .. .. .. ..
JamesJ. Hayes .,..... ..',.., ....
Clarke Gamble.et al..... ..
James Duffy........... __ _. ........
James Duffy... __ .. .... ..' ........
Fra ncis r-: isbett .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .
ThomasA. Stayner.,.....,... ....
James J. Hayes................,...
Michael Hayes .,.......,.......".

Feb. U, 1843

Feb. 21, 1843
Oct. 15, 18H
Dec. 19, 1836

13-5

July 6. 1846

All

1 9-10

Sept. 1'1, ,1835

All
AU
All
All
_-\ll
All
All
All
All
All
All

Julv 11.
Nov. 1,
June 25.
Nov. 1,
July 17,
r\ov. I,
May 16.
June 30,
April á.
Oct. I,
Nov. I,

1835
1845
1846
1845
1835
l
i5
1844
18ft)
18t,)
18t4,
184:)

1
1
I
t
I
l

t
t
i
i
t
1
I
"
1
1

Mar, 17. 1843
),far. 17, 1843
Jan. 24, 1843
Dec. 6, 1843
A mr. 9. 1841
Nov. 9, 18012
(Jet. U. 184i

AU
All
All
All
All
All
All

All

Nov. 1. 184

All
All
All
AI'l

Nov. 6, 1844
May 31, 1843
Dec. 6. l843
Aug. f, 1840

1
I
t'

All
All

32,500 sq. links.
ov. 2, 1839

ov. 1. 1845

All
All
All
All
All
AU
An
All
All
All
All
An
All
All
.All
.All
All

Nov. 1. 1'845
May 14, 1840
Sept. 28, 1841
D c. 14, 18H
Oct. 1. 1844
Dec. 4, 1841
June 6, 1843
June 17, 1843
Oct. 28, 18
3
July 17. 1813
Nov. 1, 18015
Mar.17. 18!3
Mar. 19 , 1844:
July 21, 1841
Sept. 26, 1845
Oct. 27. UH3
Jan. 20. 1842

ï
I
I
t
.
4-
4-
l
l
t

I
4-
i

346

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

John FlRnagan '..... ,....,........
John Cunningha.m.........,.,...."
James Graham.. ......... ..,......
James
callan.. ......... ......,...,
Roberr Belll\1iller ....... '.........
Clarke Gamble, et al...... '......."
West Market.
(Bounded on N. by Simcoe st., East by Brant f't., S. by Adelaide st.., W. by Markl't st.)
Corporation of City of Toronto.... It May 22, 1837
(

} Thomas Thompson ,............... All t Sept. 23. 1843
South side of
18 Wm. HawkIns} See lot 4 in sec. L, All I Ma y 13, 18
3
Simcoe st. l20 19 r signed 1 Yor. Reg.
William Hawkins. ......,.......... All I May 11. 1843
Section I,
Rt. Rev. Alex. McDonell, et al....
Henry James Castle. .... .. . . .... ..
William BlI.iley ....................
ThomasBeli. ........... .... ........

ame of
street.

:
00
Z

West of
N ewmarket
street.
East of
Port land
8tret. t.

C)
,C"d
t:-;
0-
Z;

Block Y
( 1
On
OO. { f)

Ð
:S-orth of - I 9 }
.A delaide at.
10
19
(13)
Å=

t. {
!)
17 )
18
(
)
Kb

oæ W
t
U

23 )
, 4
South of H
SbDooe "reeL l!
(9
n

North of
12
Adelaide st. I 13
1 14
15
{ Iii }
Sout.h of
Ad.ùaidð st.

{ tift.
20
21
22
23 ,
24J
H1
l
r
7.
8)
(9
J 10
11
12
l
}

Name ot Grantee.
Wa.lter O'Hara ..,. ........ '.......
WiJIiam Hawkins ...........,.. ..
George Du
gan. Jr...............,.
Cla.rKe Gamble, et al........ ......
Section H.

Clarke Gamble, et al.. . . . .. .. ......

James P. Hayes ..................,.
Thomas G. Hurd..... ......._....,.

Thomas Bell........................
Thoma!! Bell........,...............
Robert Cathcart, .. .. .. .. .. ...' ....
Robert Cathcart ..,.............,..
Thomas G. Hurd ..................
JnmesJ. Hayes ....................
George Morri <on ....,.............
George Morrison ..................
Robert Cathcart...................
Sectúm K.

Society for Propagation Gospel )
Foreign Parts.

Part of
Lot. A.cres, ete.

Date of
Patent..
Ma.y 31, 1843
Ocr
1. 1844
April 5. 1845
Nov. 1, 18i5

All
All
AU
All

1
!
t
1

All

Nov. I,

All
All
All
All
All
All

l
!
i
l
ï
l

Dec. 21,
Jl1ly 14,
July 14,
May 2,
July 5,
NOT. 1,

1841
1843
1843
18,13
1843
1846

All
All
All
All

11-5 MflY 21, 1838
%.550 sq, links. Junf'l7, 1832
35,550 sq. links. July It, 1840
t Dee. 10, 1845
1 July 17, 1&3
2 Apr. 28,

Ii July 12, 18!3
35,000 sq. links. Apr. æ, 1843
71,000 sq. links. July 21, 1841
t Dee. 19, 1812
2 Apr. 28, 184.á
1
35.500 sq. links. Oct. It', 1843
i Nov. 4, 1844
n,l00 sq. links. Ju172t, 184l

All
All

All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All

All

Noy. i, I8C5

Thomas Bell. . .. .. .. . . . . . , . . . . . . .. .. All l Nov. i. 1845
Soc. for Prop. Gospel For. Parts .. All Sept. 13, 184.1
James J. Hayes ,................... AIl it Oct. Sf. 184J
Hugh McXeil ............ ........., All I Jan. S, 184.&
Thomas Bell..... ........,......... AIl .. May (. 184..
Thomas BelL. .. .. .. . , .. .. .. .. .. . . . . All i Sept. 13. U'3

LA
lll\lAR.K8 OF TORONTO,

347

Name of
ame of Grantee.
{ 2i Ann Louisa. NewbigginK ..........
William Ji:ccleR. .... .. .' ........,..
::: of Lo
Thomas G. Hun!, ............ ......
King st. West. 28} Edmund Mnrney......... ........"
29 30 } James J. Hayes....... .......,.....
r Section L.
( 1 Bernard Short...................... All i Aug. 6, 18U
j 2 Bt:rnard
hort..............._...... All i .Apl'il27,1843
3 GeorKe P. Ridout. et al,........... All
Nov. 3, 1843
*4. See also letter from Com'r. Crown Lands of 8th June, 1854, annexed to Re-
tnrn of Patents for 1853. (
ee folio 68).
ID James S. Hayes.................... All 1 Oct. 21. 1843
7 John W. Gwynne.................. All
St'pt.13,1843
8 I-dmund Murray...................All i M..r. <no 1844
1 9 Mary McMahon.................... All t July 28. 184.1
10 James Givins. Jr................... All Mar. 21. 1844
11 James !S. Hayes.................... All t Oct. 27. 184.3
\ (6 1 2 4 ) Johny.DeLaHaye............... All 84
oooSq.links. July 17. 1843
JosephB.Spragge..............,... An I Sept. 1. 1843
15 John W. G \\ ynne .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. All
Sept. 13. 1843
16 Henry Smith, . . . . .. .. .... .. ,. .. .... All i July 18. 1843
17 Michael Swith ... .. . .. .. .. . ........ All t July 18, 1843

) JameS S. Hayes.................... All 1 Oct. 27. 1843
20 Thomas O'Connor.................. All l Jan. 26, 1842
21 William Kenneny..,................All It Aug. 23. 1838
(22 Ed ward Cressa.ll ,......,........... Ani July 21. 18U
1 23 Henry E.
icnoll:!........... .. '..' All i Nov. 3. 184.

North of 24 25
oh b n I t ,lI. H wler .........,.,...........
ll ll t
S e e P p t t ' . 21. 19. ' 1 1 8
3 3
,,0 er arrison ........... .... ....." I

N
rastreet. 2 i Francis }II isbett .................... All 56,800 sq. links. May 27. 1837
27 Joseph Dyson...................... All i Feb. 6, 1&43
28 Georgina Huron.................... All t
"By the patent produced to me it appears that this lot was included with lots 17. 18 and 19 in
aec. Ii. granted to Wililiam Hawkins. (Slgned),
. R. RKGT.
( I } Section l.L

:t

.s
l l
Charles Daly...................... All Ii Nov. I. 1&3
Stewart st.
) Thomas Bell...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. All 1 Aug. 25, 184.0
6 Geor
e Houghton,. . . . . .. ., . . .. .. .' All 4.7.000 sq. links. July 21, 184.1
Section N.
( 2 1 Ron. Robert S. JalJ1eson........... All 1
Robert S. Jameson.......; ........ All 67.000 sq. linkS, )
incl uding 2

outh of ( 3 Hon. Robert S. Jameson.... ...... All 1
Wellington st. 4. ltobert S. Jameson ,................ All 67,000 sq. links. )
inclu..iing 2
1

West of {

Brant street.
)
(I }
I 2
}o\ orth of J 3
Front
eet. ì 4 )
I 5
\.6
{ g)

Ontario
tørra.ce.

Part of
Lot.
All
All
.All
.All
All

Acres.
etc.
9.500 sq. links.
1
"
1.

nate of
Patent.
May 16. 1M!
Mar. 12, 1834
Sept. 13, 1843
Mar. <J:1. 18<<

Oct. 'Z1, 18ß

Sept.!S. 1841
June 24.. 1839
Sept. 28, 1841
June 24. 1839

Dec. 6. 1849

Nov. I, 184.5

May 10. 183'1

JulY 15. 18(3
Oct. 17, 1843
June 111. 1837
June 10, 1837

William Moore Kelly..............
George Crookshank. . , . . . . . .. . . .. ..
Hon. George Crookshank..........
Hon. George Crookshank..........
Section, P.
{ I J ohn
. Cartwright.. .. ... .. . . .. . .. All i .A ug. 28, 1841
801ltbof 2 George Crookshank....,........... All i May 31. 1843
King street. 3 George Cro( ,kshank'. . .. .. ., .. . . , .. ..All. Feb. 23. 1843
i Christoph"r Widmer .....,........ A II 1 May 31. 1843
See A.D. 1854, Lot No.1. Block D. (See folio 60.) See A.D. 1848, east part of Victoria sqllare.
(See folia 54..) See A.D. 1852. middle part of Victoria square. (See folio 58.) See A.I>. 1861, south.
weRt part of Victoria square. (
ee fulio 72). See A.D. 1861, north pCi.rt of Victoria square. (See
folio 72.) (Copy.)
I hereby cf'rtify that this volume, ending with pnge 528, contains a list of the names of all
persons in whose favour Letters Patent for land within the County of York were completed and
recorded previously to the 1st dny of January, one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven. &8
required by the 9th Vie.. cap, 34, see. 31. embracing the lands thereby granted.
(Signed), i". BOUTHILLIKIL
CroWD Landa Department, Montreal. December 28th, 1847.

.....
.
"
-

O

,I:Ie
.....011
;:I'"
O

ClJe

s:I

-i
0...
ofi

;:to
0'"
oo:J
o
.:I

Ed ward Hobson.. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. ..

All

Clarke Gamble, et al...............
Section O.
Christopher Widmer .. '. ..........

All

All

181.168 sq. links.

All
All
All
All

1
I
11
2

348

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

LIST 011' PATENTS IN CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED IN THE YEAR 1846, NOT INCLUDED IN THB
FORMER RETURN-.:\one.

LIST mr PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED FRO
I THB 1ST OF JANUARY TO THB
31sT I' ECEMBER. 1840;.
Part of
Name of Grantee. Lol, Acres, etc.
Sedion C. j
filitary Reserve.
S .Egremontst. 5 James Cockshutt.,. .,.......,...... .,.,
Grown Lands Department, (Si
ned).
Montreal. 2nd October. 1848.
UST oW' PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED FROM THE lilT 011' JANUARY TO THB
Water lot on } 31sT DECEMBER, 1848.
west side of
Mill strept. in
front of Nn. 6, William Gooderham........, ......
on the sot1th
side of Front
"treet..
East. part ofì Church Society ct the Diocese of ) 2 July 15, 1M8
Victoria f.q're.} Toronto.
Crown Lands Department, (Signed) J. H. PRICE,
Montreal. 23rd July, 1849. Commissioner.
LIST OF PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED FROM THB 1ST OF JANUARY TO THE
31ST DECEMBER. 1849-None.
LIST OW' PATENTS IN THE CITY OW' TORONTO COMPLETED FROM THE 1ST OF JANUARY TO THB
31sT DECEMBER, 1850.
The Corporation ot Toronto. . . .. . .

Kame of
stree
.

Lot.

Date of
Patent.

June 11. 1847
J. H. PRICE. C.O.II.

50,000 sq. teet.

Jan. Ii, J.848

Z 3 }
in 8ection G
Military ReR.
}f'ormcr patent, dah'd 14th May, 1840, surrend
red to the Crown.
Crown Lands Department. (Signed),
Quebec, 28th Oct., 1851.
LIST OF PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED FROM TilE 1ST OF JANUARY TO
31sT DECEMBER, 1851.
MiJton Ragland ,...................

Oct. I, 1858

JOHN RolPH.

THB

'N. of Qneen st. ) 16
'Dart reserved. 19

i.

;ci1 }
'. pt. }
resen-e. 10 Milton Ragland. . .. .. .. ... ,..,....
These lands decla.red t.o be vested in the Crown on the 9th December, 1850.
bT Inquisition ot the Court of Queen's Bench.
Hon. Robert Bald win. . .. .. . . ' . . . . . 90,000 sq. links.

3,
sq. feet.

N. of }

er }
Palace in front
.treet. of 4.
Water lot In frOnt }
of NOB. 4. and 5,
.
of Front st. and E. William Gooderham.......,.......
of Pa.rliament st.
See letter from Commissioner ot CroWIl Lands, dated 9th August" 1&58. for surrender ot. por-
tion lying to westwa.rd. of the eastern limit of Parliament street. (See folio 67.)
Crown Lands Department,
Quebec, 17th May, I&5Z. (Signed). JOHN RoLPH.
THB CITY OW' TORONTO COMPLETED FROM THE 1ST OF JAJo.UARY TO 31ST
DECEMBER. 1852.
John Ewart, the yOllnger.... . . . . ..

Aug. 23, 1851

2.

Jan. 21, 1851

LIST OP PATENTS IN
Water lot on t.he }
Bay In front ot the
W. vart ot. 2, N. ot.
:Front Ftreet.
Middle part o t ) Orphans' Home and FemaJe Aid )
Vict.oria square. Society ot Toronto.
Water lot on the }
Bay in front ot the
Cuet.om House and John Ewart, the younger. . . . .. ....
the E. part of 2 N.
of Front street.
Crown Lands Department,
Quebt'c. 28th February, 1853.
LIST OF P .A.TBNTS COMPLETED IN THE CITY OF TORONTO
DECEMBER. 1853.

It

July 14. 1852

Aug. U. 18.')2

It

Oct. 2, 1852

JOHN ROLPH.
FROM THE 1ST OF J ANU ARY TO 31sT

(Signed).

W _
ter lot in the l
Hay bðtween the
western limit of
tbe water lot oc-
cupied by Dr. Rees
and the eastern
limit of the water j
Jot granted to Jos.
Masson and Albert
Furniss.

License ot. ocoupation 10 the Mayor, )
etc., ot the CitT of Toronto.

25

Mar.
. 1853

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

3d

Name of
street. Lot.
The water lot.s on )
the Bay bt'tween
the eastern limit
of Pet.er st. pro-
duced. and the
eastern limit of
the water lot on
which the Queen's
wharl is co
-
structed. .
The strip (f land )
betwe'n the south-
ern limit of Front
::;treet and the
water's edge of the
Bay ø,nd extend-
ing from Brock st.
to Bø.thurst st.
The stl'ip of land )
betwe'n the south.
ern hmir of f4'ront
st. and the waters
ed ge of the Bø,y
and ext tJ n din g
from Pet.er 8t. to
Brock st.
The wat.er lot on )
the Bay situa.te
to the west and
adjoining the License of occupation to Dr. )
water lot granted \Ym. Hees.
to Joseph He,'kett
on the westerly
8ide of Simcoe tit.
2, 3, 4. 5. 6, }
Seo. B. Military
Reserve.

Name of Grantee.

Part of
l.ot
Acree. eto.

Date 01.
Patent.

Do.

Mar. ?n. 1S63

Do.

55

Do.

Do,

9

:Mar. 29. 1863

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Mar. 29. 1853

2

Do.

3

Apr. 11, 1853

John Henry Dunn.................. .... 4 Nov. 11. 1853
(Signed), A. N. MORIN,
Comm'r Or. LandR Department, Quebec, 2nd March. 18M.
LIST OF P.A.TENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPI.ETED FROM THE 1ST OF J.A.NUARY TO 31sT
DECEMBER, 1851.

Part of Military }
Reserve W. of
Garrisun Creek. 8.
of Queen street John Farr ..........................
othe[wi
e No.li

Block Q.
5 on Ontario ter- }
race.
lock A of William George Draper. . . . .... .. . ,
Military Reserve.
Crown Lands Department, (Signed), JOSEPH CAUCHON.
QuebeCJ, 25th. 1855. Cümmi
sioner.
LIST OF PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED FROM THE 1ST OF JANUARY TO 31sT
l)ECEMBER, 1855-1\ one.
Crown Lands Department. (8igned), JOSEPH CAUCHON.
Toronto, 21st April, 1856. Commisi"iüner of Crcown Lands.
LIST OF PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED FROM THE 1ST OF JANUARY TO 31ST
DECEMBEH. 1800.

ï

:o
ls

th o
Mary Martyr... . . . . .. . . . , . . . . . . . . .. " . . ;:!11 sq. rods. l\Iay 26. 1856
Declared vested in the Crown upon inquisition issued prior to the completion
of the present J{rant.
Crown Lands Department. (Signed). JOSEPH CAUCHO:-l,
Toronto, 11th February, 1857. Commissiuner of Cl'own La'ld
.
LIST OF PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO COMPLETED FROM THE 1ST DAY OF JANUARY TO
31ST DECKMBER. 1.857.
Lot 11 S. of Queen } h ' H .
st.. I':te Mili,ary (Jrp ans On;t'} .and Female Aid )
Reservp. SOClety.
Crown l..a.nds Depa.rtment
(Signed). ANDREW RUSSELL,
9th JUlY. 1858. Assist. Commissioner of Cro\\n Lands.
(CoPY.) CROWN LANDS I1EPARTMENT. Toronto, 9th June 1858.

IR.-'l'his Department has the honour to info:'m you th,Lt broken lots -'os. I:?, 13 and H. on
the north side of
imcoe street, in the Military Heserve in the City of Toronto. w re de"cribcd
for patent 0'1 the 24th June. 1840, in the name of I{obert 8. Jameson. of the City of Torunto.
Esquire. and the patent was completed to the Honourable Robert S. Jamesan on the 6t,h July
folh.wing. I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient 8ervant, (
iglled).
JOHN RIDOUT, ESQ.. ANDREW RUSSELL.
Registrar of the County of York. Toronto. Assist. COIJuui",sioner.

2

Apr.. 19. I8ã3

J u1) 20. 1:854-

Fe b. 5th. 1851

350

LAND
1ARKS OF TORONTO.

(Copy.þ CROWN LANDS DEPARTMENT, Toronto, 9th August. 1858.
81R.,-'1 his Department has the honour to inform you that William Goodprham, Esquire. haa
surrendered to the Crown all that portion ot the watf'..r lot in the Bay in front of
os. 4 and 5, on
the IS u h side of Front street Park Heservf'. in the Ciry of Toronto, granted to him in lbe year
1851, lying to the we
tward of t.he eastern limit ot Parliament street produced. and that his sur-
render was a
('ept,ed in the Council on the 3O,h June last. The picce of land covered with water
thu'i surrendered contains a.bout one-sixth of an acre. I have the honour to be, sir, your most
obedient servant. (Signed)
To the Hegistrar of the County of York. ANDREW RUSSELL, Assist. Commissioner.
(CoP1/.) CROWN LANDS OFFICE, Quebec, 8th June.
.
SIR,--Un referring lo the copy 0' the return of l!1nas pattmted ill this office, made in 18{; pur-
suant to the statute of 9 Vic.. cap. 34. I have thc hùnour to state that. the Town Lot 1'0.4, in sec-
tion I, of th ' Military Reserve, in the City of Toronto, patented 13th of May, 1854, to WiJlidm
Ha.wkins. Esq,. appear3 to have b
en omitted, clnd I have therefore to request that you will
cause th,. grant to be includl1d in the Regil:lter for the COUllty. I have the honour to be, bir, your
most humble servant. (Sbmed),
SAMUEL RIDOUT. ESQ., 'j'HOS. HECTOR,
Regil:llrar for the County ot York. Toro"lto. Commissioner-t:>f Crown Lands.
(CoPY.) CROWN LANDS OFFICE, Quebec, 29th MHrch, 18ã5.
SIR -1 have the honour to acqua.int you that a re-conVeyance to the Crown by the UrphanW'
Home and Female A id Society of an acre of ground in Victoria square, Toronto has been ac('epted,
and I have to requcst you wJ11 cause the grant to be expun
ed from the Register accordingly.
I have the honour to be, sir, yonr most obedient scrvant,
SAMUEL RIDOUT. 18Q.. THOMAS HECTOR,
Hegistrar of the Connty of York Rnd Toronto. For Commissioner of Crown L"nds.
REGISTRAR'S UFFICE, COUNTY OF YORK. Toronto. 29.h April, 1859.
This volume, fl'om page 1 to 69 inf:'Usive, contains a Ii:!t of the names of all pcrsons in whofle
favour letters patent for lands within the City of ToroI).to were completed, as returned to this
oflic" by the Commis
ioner of Crown Lands. (Signed), JOHN RIDOUT, Rt>g'r Count:)" of YOi'k.
LIST OF PATENTS IN THE CITY OF TORO:'iTO COMPLETED FROM THE 1ST OF JANUARY TO THE
31ST DEOEMBCR, 1860.
Name of
a.me of Grantee. Part ot Acres, Date of Date of
street. Lot Lot. etc. Description. PAtent.
N. waterlot. } Duncan CamPbell..............,.}

: 8

. (
:
IT
:
}oct. U, 1860
- A trnct Of } Corporation ot the City ot 'To- } { . }
land known a
ronto in trust tor a public 21 Garru!On Mar. 111. 1860
. Clarencr> square,' ,Reserve.
Garrison Re.:;erve. square...., --......,.,...,....
RETURN OF THE LANDS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO FOR WHICH LETTERS PATENT HAVE IBSUED
FROM 1ST OF JANUARY 10 THE 3iST OF DECEMBER. 18ft.
PROVINCIAL ltEGISTRAR'S UFFICE, Quebec. 15th Mar., 1861.
Certified. (Signed). ,V. KENT. Dep't 1"'0. R
istrar.
} The ReverelidJamps Elliottsand } south-
. Richard Wnodsworth and
VictorIa sQuare. John I< astwood, in tl ust as a west
site for a We
leyan chapel.. part.
ì Will am Henry
llllcr, Thomas } 1
I Gibbs Ridout. And'w Steven. See B
Military Reserve. >- and Thomas C. St!'eet. as All Militar'y Jan. 22, 1161
J trustees uuder the will of 1 he 1 Rescrve. J
late Honourable John He.lry
Dunn .........",,'.. '.......
} Gore of land N. of King }
strp.et and eRst oi BrocK
Do. Do. street,lateMilita1'Y Re- Mar. 22, 1861
Ferve.
V i ct . o ria ....ua1'e. } Church Soci
t,y of the' DiOCeSe } J-;orth 2 In th
l:c>te } .\prilI8 1861

.. ot ] oronto. part. Ord,IIC e Hes. ' ,
PHOVINCIAL REGISTRAR'S OFFICE. Quebec,
tb March. 1862.
(Sign
d), 'VILLIAM KENT, Department Pro. ReKlstrar.

Late
Military
Reserve.

}M",' 30,

1861

Certified.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

S51

CHAPTER CXIV.
HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.

Tbe 't'arloulII BulldinEI I. whl
b tbe. I.el':-
IIIlallve Roslnelll or tbe Province BMI
Dee Carried oa-'1'lae .Fate .r Two 01
'1'bf'm,
By the Quebec Act o-f 1791 it was enacted
that the Legislative Council for Upper
Cana ia .hou d cons'at of not fewer th,Ltl
seven m .mbers, and the Asscmh:y of not
less than sixteen members, who were to be
called togrther at least unce in every year,
Th
firdt session of t:le new Legislative
Council wa!l held in 1792, at N ewal k, now
Nill
ara. The second s Bsion of the Houses
of Pa.liament was held at Niagara. opening
-c:-""
}-"\.-,

\.---

-
- ----
- ';::;';;%;Y
_
=---:::
-.......-__ r-
\ -
,-r / ./
-- ---

-:
r-.. -"

amon
the gues:/:l at this ball and Ruppel',
General Lincoln, Colonel Pickering a.nd Mr.
.Randolph, Unitt d States Commissionel"S,
on th il" way via Niagara to a
reat cnuncIl
of the western Indi Ins, ab. ut to be held a.t
the Miami river. In his journal printed in
the Massachusetts Historical Collections,
General Lincoln made the following note of
the Governor's eutertainment at Ni \gara.
"Th . ba.ll was attended by about 20 well
drf-BBcd and Ì1andsome ladies, &.ad a.bout
three times that numher of gentlemen. rhey
danced from 7 o'clock until 11 o'clock when
supp::r was announced and aerved
in very pretty taste. The music
and dancin
were ({ood a.nd
everything was conducted with p,'opriety."

OO(l aftet' the proroga.lion, July the 9th,
steps preparatory to a removal to York

----

---

F ' f\ST p" ....hA VV'\
VI ï 1-10\.1 5
17 s 7-/8/j

on the 28th of May of the followin
yea.r, bpgan to be taken, Ou Saturda.v, August
and closing on the 9th r f July, 011
oth 31st, of the same year, the first meeting of
of wh ch occasions Governor Simcoe the Executive Council ever held in York
mMP th
opening an
ì closing speeches. On took place in the canvas honse of Governor
the Killv"s birthday of the 11\tt r year dur- Si mcoe in the f arrison. Mr. W. H. L
e,
ing the parli \mentary session the Governor writing from Ottawa, says: "Tne firøt
gave & levee, ball and supp '1' at Niagara. council held at the garrison, York, late '1'0-
The GauUe of tÌ1at tim' says :-" On ronto, at which Lieutenant-Governor Sim-
Thursday last, the fourth of June, being coe was p,'p!<ent, was I1n Saturday, 31st
the anllivcn:ary of his Majestv's birthday, Au.'ust, 1793. It transacted busines3
his Excellency, the Lieutenant,Governor, then until th
followine: fiïth ot September,
h...ld <
levee at Navy H Lil, the G ,v,..rnment when the G ,yernml'nt re
l1rned to Navy
House of tlv perio,l. At 1 o'clock the troops Ha.IL" Still the Governor and his family
in ga.rrison and at Queen8ton tired three I passed the ensuills;( winter at York.
vollevs. The fi
ld pi c
s above Navy Hall, Prior to the occupatIOn of th
new GOY'
under the d rection of the R .yu.l Artillery, emment huildingi in York, which wert' be.
a.nd the guns at the garrison fi ed a royal gun in ] 7U4 and taken possess;on of in 1797,
sa ute, In the evening his Excellency
ave Ipl!islo.rivn was carried on at Newark. In
a ball and elegant supp
r in the 1 1796 Gonrnor Simcoe was ordered to the
Council Chamber, which wa..s most nu. Wl8t Indie:!. He met his pdorliament at;
merously attended," It chanced that Newark on the 16 h of May and. prorogued
three distinguished Americaus Wfre I it on th.:' 3rd of June. after assentini to

352

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

,even acts. Of these primitive legislators
it i
written in "Toronto of Oid":
.. \Ve picture to ourselves the
:'oup of
BeVen CroVln appointed counciaors and fi ve
reprt.8entativeB of the Commons assembled
th re with the brst Speaker, Mr. McDoneJI,
of G:en
arry, a
l p:aiil, unas3uming, vro;aic
men, listen ng at th ir 1i..
t ses!;ion to the
op
ning speech oi their fra.nk and honoured
Governor, \Ve see them adjourning 10 the
op n air from their s'raitened t.:hamber at
N.
vy Hall, an.1 conductin
the business ùf
the youn
province un ler the shade of a
sp:-eadin
tree, iut:-oducin
the E'lglish
c,)de and trial by jury, decreeing
roads and prohibiti'J
the 8pread of
s'avery whi:e a bou
der of the drift
lifting itself up through the natu! 0.1
turf hervei as a desk for the recording c:erk.
Be:ow them in the ma.gnificent estuary of
the River Niagar;
the waters of all the up-
per lakes are
wirling by, not yet reco\.ered
from the ngonies of the long
orge above
and the leap at Table Rock. Even here at
the OP' ning and close of this pdnieva

leeislature some of the decen
cerem,mial
WM obs rved with which the sadly iuferior
site at the embouchU!'e of tht- 0011 after-
ward:i becam
familiar. The French Duke
de Li,lDcourt gives a glimpse of the scene at
Newark on the occasion of a par;iament
there in 1795. He sa.ys :-' The whole re-
tinue of the Governor consilJted in a gnard
of fifty men of the garri30n of the fJrt.
Dup, d in E-i:k he eutered the hall
with his h \t on his head, attended
by hi. adju:&nt and two secretarif's.
1:/le two memben of the Legislative
Council g
ve by their Speaker notice of it to
th
Assembly. Five mo-mbers of the latter
havin
app()ared at the b'
r, the Governor
delivereà a spec.:h. modelled after tha.t of
the king on the p )Jiric<òl afJ"irs of Europ
,
on th
tr<"l\ty, J ,y's treaty of 1794 conc;uded
with the Un:ted States, which he mentioned
in C'xp."e8sions very hvourable to the Union
and on the p
culiar cðnc
rns of Canad t.'
1.'0 account for the smallness of the
att
.ndaDce ou this occ lsion, the DukE!
expI,tinerl that the Governor had dpf,'rred
the session, on accou.lt ot the expec'ed
arrival of a chif'f jUitice, who wa,-; to come
from E ,glanJ, and from a hope that he
should b" able to acquain the memb
rs with
the particulars of the treaty with the
U,)ited States. Two member3 of the L
gis-
lative C,JUl1cil were pre8ent insteb.d of seven;
no Cniei Justice appeared who Was to act as
Speaker i in"tead of six tee 1 mem 1)l rs of
the Assembly five only atte.lded and thh
Was the whole nnmber that could be co:.
lee {'d at this time. Th
la.w requin,d a
"reater number of m
m1:>ers for each house

to discuss and determine upon a.ny bl1
iues

lIut within two day
a year wou'd have t:X-
pired since th
last s.;ssion. Th - Governor
therefo:'t' thought it riR:ht to open the se,;-
sion, reserving, however, the ri
ht 0 pro-
roguing tho sittin
from on
day to another
in expectation that the ships from D
troit
and Kmgston woul.:l eith
r bring the mem-
bers who were yet wanting or certain intelli-
g<,nce of their not being abb to attend."
In 1794 the first public or parliamentary
buildings W'I"e begun at York, and in th

Gazette of July 10, 1794:, occurs this a.dver-
tisemeQt relating to them :-" W anted-
Carp'mteroS for Ù1e pllb:ic buildiugi to Le
e:-ected at York. A pplica.tion to b2 made
to John McGill, E'-11., at York, or to Mr.
Allan Mc.cn..b at N a.vy Hall." Thpse l uild.
ings, which were c:>mpleted in 1796, stood
nearly on the site of the jail, recently torn
down at th
foot of B
rkeley street, over-
looking the ba.y. They were humb'e but
cúmnlodious structures, of wO.Jd They
consht d, as a contemporary document Sèts
forth, of two eleg,mt halls, with convenient
üffices for the acc{.mmodation of th3 Lpgh-
hture and the courtlil of justice
An old guide book s.ys tbat the
first Parliamen!'; Hou
e,; were erected
in the year 1796, 0.1 a. site rlear the
present gaol. at the east end of the city,
They were d wood, two in number. 40 x 25
feet, and standh g a hundred fpet apart, a
sp:J.ce which was afterwards fi 1ed up by ad,
ditiona.l blliklings. They hadsomepr tensions
to elegance of design and construction, but
were destroy d by th. Amer'iclDs
on the taking of the town ill 1813,
when the library and all the p:tpers and re-
cords belo:lgin!t to these institu
ioD8 were
consumed, and at the sam3 time, B.'> an old
docum -nt says. the church was robbed &nd
the town library totally pillaged, 'l'he in-
jurie
thus aßLc"ed were avenged a few
m .nth3 aft r
a.r.ls by the deitruction of the
public building3 at W.\shington by i\ Briti3h
force. A
I address of the Lngi,lative Cou:lcil
of Lower Callad,
to Sir Geor!1;e P. eV08t on
thh occ Ision says :-" \Ve comi,ler the
destruction of the pub:ic building at
Washington as a jU3t r..:tribution fer the
out, ages committed by an American force
at th'" Seat of Government of Upper
Canada." It was on th J site of ,he
blliUings destroyed by the inc
Ddi,
ry
hand of the invader that the \Vestmi ster
of the new caþital was expected to b', Dr.
Scadding S!\ys: "It h not imp:obable that
the position at the head rather than the
enrr,ltlce of tb
haroour wa-< pNfen"('d as
being at once c('mma.ndin
a,:d secure. The
appearance of the
pot in its p'imevd.l con.
dition was d ubtles3 more prepo
ses
i!1g

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than we ca.n now conceive It ever to have " yer's office, its printing office. its p
ac('s ej
been. Fine groyes of foreat trees may have worship. Eastward of .Berkeley street King
given it a. sheltered look, and at the sa.me I street became the King:>ton road tendin

time have I>creened off from view the ad- sligh!ly to the north and then proceE'ding
joining swamps. The language of the early in a str30ight line to a bridge oVt'r the Don.
Provincial Gazettur, publbhed by authority I This divf'rgency in the highway
is as foUllws : 'The Don empties itselt into caused a numb.
r of the lots on its northern
the harbour a little above the town, running side to be awkwardly bounded on taeir
through a m;.rsh, which when drain. :southern ends by lines that formed with
ed, will afford most beautiful and I their sides alterT.ately obluse and
fruitful meadows.' In the early acute angles producth-e of cor-
maIJuscrivt plans the same san"uine opin- r
sponding incoI.lveniences in the
ion is recordeà in re
'1.rd to the morasses in shapes of the huildings erected thereon
Gh
s locality. On one of 1810 is the in- I and in the position of som
of them. At
.cription, 'natura] meaùow which may be one parth:ula.r point the houses looked as if
lI1own,' on anothel' 'large marsh I they had been separated from t:ach other
and will in time make "ood a.nd partially twisted around by the jolt. of
meadows; and on a third 'large malsh an earthquake. At the bridve the lower
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!,nd good grnss.' At a.ll events here about I Kingston road, if produced westward in a.
It was that York Cilpi1al of Upper Canada. rillht line, would have been Queen or Lot
b.egan to rise. To th . west and north of the I mtreet, ha.d it been deemed expedient to clear
site of the Houses of Pa.rl-iamer.t the (.fficials a. p
ssage in that direction throuQ;h the ';'
of the Gov,'rnment with mp.rchant::l and fore
t. But some way westward from the
trRdesm n in thc> usual va- iety, began to bridge in this line a rayine was pn, ountEred
B
I,:ct lots and put up convenient dwelliogs, I lengthwis.e,
hich. was
eld to pre.ent

hllst close by a
Belkeley street, on Par-
reat ell
meerJllg dlfficultlel!l. A road cut
113ment street, ae the southern portion diaÇ!onally from the bridge to the opening
of thc mod rn _ &rke'ey street was of King :;:t;,
et a.t once a.voided thi'l n'tÌural
th(n Jlam
d, the chIef _ thoro
Rhfare, of
he I impediment and also h:d to a point wh,'re
town had 118 commencmg p -mt. GrowlllP" an easy connection wa.s m'Jde with
slowly westward from here King stre,.t de the track for whee1s which ran
Ye
ope(l in it
CnUl'Øe in the custo
ary Am. along the shore of the harhonr to the garri-
encan way, Its hotel, its tavern, 1Ì13 board- I son, But for this ravine QUt'en street
in" ho
t<e, its wilgþon fnctory, its tinsmith woulil at an early period Ilav
b.
UI1 to dis-
.hop, Its bakery, Ita
encral store, ira Jaw- pute with King street its claim to be the
23

354

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

.

chief thoroughfa.t'e of Y ork. Extendin

from the grounda which surrouild
<l the
Parliament Buiidir'gs in the east aU the
way to the fort at the entrance of
he har-
bour in the west there was a succession of
tine forest treell, especially oak, underneath
a.nd by the side of which the upper surface
of the prt'cipitous.. but nowhere very devat-
ed, o'iff was carpeted with thick green
sward, such as is still to be seen between
the old and new garrisons. In the interval
between the points where now Princess
a.nd Sherbourne streets descend to the
water's edge was a favourito landing
place for the small craft of the bay-a wide
And clean
ravellv bp.ach with a convenient
ascent to the cliff above. Here on fine
mor
ings at the proper season skiff3 aød
ca.n
s, log and birch bark, were to be seen
putting in. weighted heavily down with fish,
speand or otherwis', taken during the pre-
ceding n
ht in the lakt>, bay or neighbour-
ing river. Occasionally a huge sturgeon
would be landed, one strug
le of which
might suffice to upset a small boat. Here
were to be pUl::.chased in quantities salmon,
pickerel, maØkuelonge, whitefish and her-
rin,,>;, with smaller fry of perch, bass
and sunfish. Here, too, wouid
be displayed unsie-h t ly catfish. suck-
en, lampreys II.ftd other eels, and some-
times lizards, young alligators for siz
.
Sp
dmens also of the cu -ious steel-clad, in-
flexible. vicious lookin
pipe fish were not
uncommon. Ab,.ut the submerged timbers
of
e wharves this creature was otten to be
seen, at one molJ'lent stationary and still
like the dragon fly or hummmg bird poised
on the win
. then like those nervous deni.
zens of the air,
'f'Ïng a sudden dart off to
the ri
ht or left withont curving its body.
Across the baV frc>m this landing place, a lit-
tle to the eastward, was the narrowest part
of the peninsu!a, a neck of sand destitu;e of
trees known &8 the portage or carrying
pla.ce, where, from time immemorial
ca.noes and small boats were wont
to be transferred to and from the
lake. . Along the bank above the land-
ing place Indian encampments were oc-
e&!>ionally set up. Here in comfortless wig-
wams mieht have been seen Dr. Lee, a
medical man, attached to the Indian D
-
partment, &dministering from an ordina.ry
tin cup nauseous but salutary draughts to
liIick and t:Onvalescent squaws. It was the
duty of Dr. Lee to vi
it Indian settlement.;;
&ftd prescribe tor the sick.. In the dischar
e
of his duty be performed long journeys on
horseback to Penetanguishene and other dis-
tant po3tS carrying with him his drugs and
otber appa.ratus in ea.ddle b&gs. When ad-
Yanced in years and somewhat disabletl

in re
ard to activ;ty of movement Dr
Lee was attached to the parliamentary staff
as usher of the Black Rod. Dr.
Lee was a p"w-holder in S. .James' church
from its commencement. H
at one timt
liv
d in a frame house at the soutb-east
corner of Duke and Goorge streets. This
building, which pos!oessed some archi-
tectural pretensions, was erected by Henry
Ha.le, builder and contra
tor, who had pre-
viously carried on a bdckyard at the north.
west corner of the same skeets. The house
was occupied at first by :Mr. Hale, then hy
Mr. Moore, of the commissariat, then by
Dr. Lee, and afterwards by Mr, J. Murchi-
son, the one-time fashionaule tailor of
YOl'k. Dr. Lee afterwarås lived on the
north side of Queen street, immediately
opposite Portland street. In 1804 E.
\Valsh, surgeon of the 49th Regiment,
designed a plan for a new Honse of Assem.
bly at York, which he figured could be built
ot wood and brick for le8s than f:l,OOO a
storey. The front elevations and floor plans
are shown in the accc>mpanying illustrations,
the sca.le being ten feet to the inch. The
references are: A-vround floor. hexagon
hall; A-first floor, gaLery and dome j B-
ground floor, banquetting rooms j B-firl!t
first floor, legislhtion and representa.tion
ehambers; O-Q:round floor, ante-chambers ;
C-first fl(\or, libraries; D-ground floor,
housekeeper's rooms; D-first floor, ante-
chambers; E-ground and first floors,
closets; F-kitchens and officers'sheds on
the ground floor j no rooms above. This
plan, which is dated May 10th, 1804.
was never carried out. On the site of
th' Parliamentary Huildings burned by the
Americans sncceeded
he mor
conspicuous
and more cIIP!lcious, but still plain and
simpiy cubieal brick hlock erected for legis-
la.tive pnrposE's in 1818, and accidentally
burned in 18'24 Previous to the occupancy
or the new Lmilding the Government business
had been transacted in d. building on \Vel-
lingtoll street, afterward occupied by Chief
Justice Drap
r, whicl1 disappeared many
years 8.J;!;0. The tire in the Parliament
Houses occurred on the night of December
30th, 1824, and was c&u"ed by a defect in the
flues,a Iruitfulcause of accidents to Pal'liament
Houses in Canada. S:::veral of th':! journal.
ann other p,
perø belonging to the
Rouses were deatroyed. The con-
flo\gratiop on this occasion entailed a
108s which the Oanadian Review
of the period, published at MOl treal, ob-
served in tile Dresent Stat9 of the finances
and debt of tbë province cannot be consider-
ed a t ifling affair. That loss, we are in-
formed by the Selme authority, amounted So
the sum or two thousand pounds. Objection-

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A PLAN FOR A- HOlJSE OF-ASSEMBLY AT YORK
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GROUND FLOOR_u______,..,.__ FIRST FLOOR SCALE OF FEET

A. HEXAGON HALL________,GALLERY 8 DOME
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C.C. ANTICHAMBERS._. _,_, LIBRARIES LÇHAMBERS

D.O. HOUSE KEEPERS ROOMS____þ,NTICHAMBERS
....L- E.E.WA TER CLOSETS,______________WA TER CLOSETS .

F.F.KETCHENS 8 OFfiCERS SHED ON THE

ROUND FLOOR___NO ROOMS OVER.
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LAN D
IARKS OF TORON roo

355

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

able as the first site of the legislòi.ve build-
ings at York may appEal' to us, and
alienated as it is now to lower uses, we can.
not but gaze upon it with a cel tain degree
of emotion when we remember that here it
was the first
kirmishes took place in the
great war of principlf's which aft
rwar,ls
with
uch det{rmination and dfect wa

fought out in Canada.. Here it was
tha.t first loomed up before the minds of our
early law maklrs the ecclesiasti-
ca.l queðtion. the educational question,
the constitutional question. Here it was
that first was heard the (Jpen discussion,
childlike indeed, and vague, but prf'gnan t
with very weighty consequences of topics,
socia] and national, whICh at the time,
even in the par..:Dt state itself were mas-
tered but by few, Here it was during a
period of twenty-<even years, from 1797 to
1824 at each opening and c 1 0!';in[C of the an-
nual sfssion amidst the firing of cannons
a.nd the commotion of a crowd the caval-
cade drew up that is wont from the banks of
the Thames to the remotest colony of Eng-
land to mal k the solt-mn progrf'88 of the
soverei'{n or the sovereign's representativeø
to and from the other eetate.: in
p'\rJiament assembled. Here amidst
mch fittint;t surroundings of state as the
circumstances of the timeø and the place
admitted, came and went personages of
eminence, whose names are now familiar in
Canadian story; never, indeed, the f"undrr
and orianizer of Upper Canada, Governor
Simcoe himself, in this formal and cere-
monious m9.nner, ahhough often mU'3t he
ha.ve visited the spot otherwise in hÚl per-
80nal examinations of every portion of his
own c<\pital and its environs. But here,
immediate:y after him, however, came and
went repeatedJy in one succession. Pre"idellt
Russell, Governor Hunter, Governor Gore,
General Brock, General Sheafff'. Sir Gordon
Drummond, and Sir Peregrine }1a.itJaud."
An old guide book 8ays :-Palliament
m
t in the brick h05p:tal on King street,
until the erection of the prlsent houses,
which were commenCfd soon after the firf',
but r.ot
o
lpleted till 1830
The . des:gns w-ere pre pared by J. G.
Chewttt, EEq.; t}- ewe, twins;:: WElØ
buï:t by Mes
rs. Ewart & Park'8, the centl'e
was commenced bv Mr. Priest man. and fin-
ish(d, with the east wing, by :Mr. JosEph
Turtoli. The buildings occuPY the whole
bloCk, bounded by \V ellington, Simcoe-,
John ard Front stre-ets, the front lcokin
to
the bay, and presenting a cO"8picuol1s object
fn m the water. They are of red brick,
...it h plain exte-rior, but the chambers of the
Legisla.tive Council and the Assembly are
capacionø and handEome rooms, fitted up

with elegance. The offices attached are øo ex-
tensive that a part of them a
devoted to the
accommodation of the depa.rtments. It was
propos
d Rome time ago to erect a range of
buildings Imitable for the accommodation of
Parliament and the Government, on the
fine property of the Toronto University, at
the head of th College avenue, bit' thia de-
sign has been abandoned, and the old house
with additions and improvements is again
in cccilpation. The additions made to the
main buildina: consist of two extenøive
wine!", each contaimng a large and fpacious
room, one used as a library for the Legisla-
tive Council. a.nother as a reading room for
the members of the House of Assembly,
while in each is a good wardrobe chamb,'r.
A number of committee rooms occuPy the
eround floors of these wings. The present
library is a room, forty-five f
et in length
by twenty-five in width. A new library
room is also erected at the rear of the Par-
liammt House, and is abol1t 127 by 93 feet,
with a height of some fifteen feet. The
books, which now number about 30.000
volumes, rf'quire a building of la.rge dimen-
sions.
The erection of the present Parliament
Buildings was begun in 1825 and completed
in 1833. In 1830 the main buildin'l was pro-
nounced reac: y for use and was oo'.:upied by
the legislature for deliberR.tion purposes, but
the wings and other buildings were not
finishe-d until three years afterwards. The
period was now app! oa.ching when the capi.
tal of UppFr Canada was to be known as
Little York 1101ongf'r, but was to become
an incO! parated city, under the fine old
Indian name cf Torunto, The three or fonr
years immeà: ately preceding its incorporation
were marked by a succession of stt> my
scenes in the Provincial Legislaturf', ø,nd as
these scenes form Jink!J in Toronto's history
it is desirable that some accoun' of them
sÌ10uld be giver} here, Sir John Colbome
succeeded Sir Peregrine Maitland aid Lieu-
tenant-Governor of the Province. The new
Governor cnnvened his first parliament on
the 9th of January, 1829. in the old brick
hospital on Kin
strel t WE st, where the
]f'
islature had met since the destructio"1 by
fire of the parliamentary huilding3 in 1824.
The Family Compact fOU,ld itself in a de-
ciderl minority, and the language of the
debate on the addre!!s showed that reform
principles were makin
rapid progre3s in
the pubJic mind. It was at this time that
R be-rt Ba.'dwin first entCled the palitical
arena. In July, 1829, the Attorney-General.
Sir John Beverley' R'ìbinson, who had
theretofore sat in th,' House for York. was
elevated to a sebot on the belJch as chief ju--
tice of Upp
l' Canada. A vacancy bein
thus

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created in the representation of York,
Robert Baldwin, then a youn't man, only 25
yeø.n of age, ca.me forward &8 a. candidate
anå Wa.l elected to fill the va.cancy. His
cause was wa.rmly espou!!ed by Mr. W. L.
Mackenzie in the Colonial Advocate. Mr.
Small, the opponent of Mr. Baldwin, wa.s
from t.ime to time fiercely Msailed in its
columns, and these a.itacks were
ade the
m, dium of vehement diatribes again
t the
Family Compact, of which Mr. Small was
an adherent. The resu:t was a.n action for
libel on the p'irt of Mr. Small, and intensi-
fied hostility on the pal t of the Compact
generally. Mr. Mackenzie wa.s himself a
member of the legislature, having been
elected for the cGunty of York in 1828.
The oli'tal chy by a mighty dfort contrived
to regain the ascendabcy at
the foHowing elections, and de-
termined that Mr. .Mackenzie should
be got rid of. An obsolete rule which for-
bade ihe unauthorized publication of the
parlbmentary proceedings was revived to
meet his ca.s
. H,,: had for some time been
in the babit of publishin't a summary of
those proceedings as general items of neWR,
and it was claimed that in doing so he had
been guilt)' oÏ a breach of parliamentary
prÏ'rilEge. Mr. Macken
e was expelled
from the Honse, the vote to that efflct
standin
24 to 15. During the debate At-
torney-General Boulton described Mr. Mac-
kensië as a. reptile. Solicitor-General Ha'ter-
man described him &8 a 9panid dog and as a
man whose censnre was equiyalent to praise.
Durin't the week of the d
bate, or trial, as ii
was called, the result had been foreseen
by the preliminary divisions a.nd numerous
petitions were prEsented to the Lieutenant-
Governor, praying him to dismiss a Home
tainted with the worst vices of judicial
partia.ìity.
On the day of the expulsion a deputation
waited upon the private secretary of the
Gcvernor and informed him that nexi day
at two o'ciock a number of the petitionera
would go to the Government House III a
body to receive his Exceilency's reply. At
the appointed hour over nine hundred per-
sons presented themselveR at the Govern-
ment House. They were received in the
audience chamber and the petition having
been presented they were. dismissed with
the studiously curt reply : "Gentlemen, I
have received the petition of the inhabi-
tants." It i!! quite evident from tÞe facts
current among the old residents of Toronto,
tbat the Government of the day feared seri-
ous trouble in connection with this pro-
ceeding. The Governmeni House, eays Mr.
Mackenzie, was proteeted with C&nnon
loa.df'd,ser..-ed and ready to tie fired on the

people and th
regiment in ga.rri80n ,..&1
supplied with a double allowance of ball
cartri,ll{e. After the returtl of thE petition-
ers they proceeded to the residence of MT.
Mackenzie on Richmond stree
largely rein-
forced. The expelled member was carried
throngh the streets of the 1;own &mid.t tlie
applause of tàe popu1ace who took this
emphatic way of testifying their emphaüc
approbation of his couduct, and of theiT
determination to uphold the righ
of a free
pre!ls. AmoJ'1g other places the proces'lion
stopped in front of the Parliament Hon!Oe,
when thevcheered lnstily. The electors of Mr.
Mackenzie.sconstituency showed their opinion
of his expulsion by re-electing him, and he
made his triumphal re-entry into the HOUM
wearing a j;told medal su-pt:nded from his
neck by a mal*ive gold chain, the gifi of the
electors of York, as a mark of approval of
nis conr86. Another expulsion followed a.nd
another re-e1ection, and this was rf-ooated
no fewer tha.n five times, It was fouñd tha.t
no candidate could oppose .\ir. Mackenzie
with any show of success, and h.is constitu-
ency WaS punished by being left for three
ye'lrs with only one representative. Mr.
Mackenz;e meanwbile crossed over to Oreal
Britain wir h theb.mous ''G rievance Report."
Shortly after hi. return the town of York
ceased to exist, and ihe City of Torontio W&8
ushered into beiu't. Mr. Mackenzie wu
then elected not only the first mayor of
Toronto, bnt the first mayor in Up-
per Canada. After the burning of tàe
Par iament bui dings a.t Montreal by
a mob on the night of April 20th, 1849, Lord
Elgin and his ministers decided that the two
remaining session'! of the existing Parlia-
ment should be held at Toronto after which
the seat of Government should be transfer-
red alternately to Quebec and Toronto for
periods of foul' yeal"f:!. The removal of the
Governmental department took place in No.
vember, 1849, and the old range of red brick
buildinga which ha.d been in u
e for years
before th9 Union,were once more called into
requisition for official and Parliamentary
purposes, These were the buildings on
Front street, now appropriated to th
use
of the Ontario Legislature and. the various
departments of the Provincial Governmen,t.
Considerable expense wa.s incurred in reno-
vating and
corating the two chambers re-
spectively as
igned to the Assemblies and
the council and by the time they were re-
quired for purposes of legislatioß, they pre.
sented a most attractive appearance.
The Rew boveroOr' Sir R,lmund W. Head
opened the second
ession of the Fifth Pa.r-
liament on &be 15th of lI'ebroary, }8:f8
Since the Leghlature hsJ last 1B
1i ill Tø-
ronto an Act had come into operation

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

359

whereby the membership of the Assembly I Buildings on Front street there a.re pillars
had been considerab'y increased so that it and a pediment at the entranee of the main
had been neceasary to pmvide a
ood deal of I buildiug. These were the dea.igns of the
additional accommodation. The space architect, but they were never constructed.
which ha.d formerly been vouchsafed to the The old red brick buildings so familiar to
public was greatly shorn of it!òl proportions. I e'Yery
.nt _9Í Torolltp. will_.
iorn
A few seats contiguous to the west entrance down in & few years on the completion of
wereall that could be spa.red for the 1Ise
f the fine structure in tbe Queen's Park,
membo'rs for the Upper House and other I -
visitors who migM be entitled to special pri- CHAPTER CXV.
vile2'es. The cham!>er assig-ned to the YORK'S FIRST STONE HOUSE.
Upp
r House had
alD been decora.ted, re- _
furnished and larszely remode
led. It pre- I The KlnzstoD Bouse at 'be (;orner of(;hure_
sented an n.spect ofa!most imperial splendour and Jlarch Streets.
insomuch that the Governor privately rC- j The firsi brick bouse in Toronio was
ma.rked that Responsible Governm"nt had on the corner of King and Frederick
not obliterated the respect of Canadians for streets The first stone buildin
of any

-ranofM.E,Ýt; C'n

THE KINGSTON HOUSL
the trappings of ltO'Yerelgniy. ThE' session I size in the County of York was
was only iJ. few days old when a memorable the dwelling - house which standa
altercation oceurred between the Hon. John to,day on the north-west corner of Church
A. Macdonald and Mr. Georl{e Brown dur- and Lombard streets. Years ago Lombard
ing the debate on the Addreu in reply to I was both March street aDd I::)tanlev street.
the f!pgech from tbeThrone. The Govern- The house, wh:ch is øevoðnty-foor yean
ment offices were fina.lly removed from To- 01d, WItt8 first occupied ø.nd built by
ronto to Quebec durin" the summer of 1859 1 Hunter, a tailor who kept a shop theN for
and the CaDadian Legislature has never SO.11e years. It was then occupied as a
since met here. Quebec thencetorw!l.! d oon- dweliiDg-house by Dr. Macauley, the l1f'ad-
tinued to be the capital of Canada. until 1865 1 ma.ster of the Home District school a.nd at
when the office. were removed to Ottawa a later date by the Rev. .Mr. Phiilip', who
where they havE! einee remained. died some years ago at Weston. It was alao
In the old sketches of the Parliament occupied at one time by Dr. Daly. The h01l1e

360

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

is built whoHy of stone ani has been alter-
ed slightly in front since it was fi:'8t built.
It WIlB kept as a hotf'l by Hunter at one
time and was then kn')wn as the Kingston
Hou3e. A Mr. Heward. an Englishman.
kept it ul'til a ft.w years
o whf'n it was
turned into an auctioneer's shop and is occu-
pied for that purpose to-day.

CHAPTER CXVI.
KING STREET EAST IN 1848-

Ylew. o. ..e .r the MaiD ThoroÐsrhfarflll .r
Old Tor..,. F.r')" Wear. A:..
'fhe views given here 1101 e ot .h. ng s Teet
t>as- from an engraving in the Iliustrated
London News of 1847. The drawings were
s
mt to London by the late F. C. Cap 'eol.
King street, in the days of 1840-50, was the
street of the city. Y onge street, above
Queen, did not amoun
to much as a busi,
ness locality, and between Shuter and
Y orkville there were J{aps of land, many
of which retained the forest tre s of a
century. Qu
(n s reet was not even a
street. of small shops. Kin
street was the
huntinl{ groun,l for all that was f1shionable
in dry 2oods. temp
in't in groc9ries or
exquisite in j
wellery. If you wanted
any I hing in the clothing line. ample vari-
ety could be found in the shop" of th;s
street, and in fact any hin,:{ f!"Om a needle
to an anchor could be found in some one
of the numerous stons that graced the
lTain street of the miniature m
trop:>lis.
In view :No. 1 we commence with the
BLor
of ßos
in Bros.. now Harcourt's.
The ROBS ins were lea.ding jeweliers and
the oris;tinal owners and projectus of th':!
RrS31B Hotel. The family now reside in
Eu 'ope and the UnitedS,ates. R. H. Brett
was in the fancy goods line. Mr. Brett was
in later years engaged in financial business
on Toron to s :reet.
Workman BroB. WHe hardware men,
and succ
ded 'Vragg & Co. in this place.
N J. Coons was a òry goods man. Mr.
\V akefi91d wa
the p')pular &uc'ioneer of
the city. His son lives out a.t Dav< nport.
M!". Wigh
man was in dry goods. The
old gen
leman is alive to day. but we
regret to sa.y in a very precarious state of
health. The Norris Bros, were in the
crockery line, a.nd the Kissocks werd gro-
c-'r;;.
Across what is to-day t.he Leader Lane
was Brewer, the stationer. afterwards
Brewer & McPhail. Then Thos. McConkey.
the well-known restaurant keeper, father
af George McConkey on Y onge street.
Nf!xt cu.me the &.at India House of Richard

Yates with th9 Chinese mandarin in
h.
winnow b
wing his head to p Issers-by.
Smith & Ma.c fonell. the grooers-J F.
Smith and Duncan Macdonell. It was the
fashionable store of the ci'y in 1846,
Mr. Rmith's son, Mr. J. F. Smith. sr}licitors
resides in TOl'Onto. Mr. Macdonel, lefr here
years ago
md died in Montreal. J. G.
Joseph & Co. were jewerel8. Mr. George
J"seph, the son, hHs res'ded in London.
England, since the firm gave up businea3
in Toron o. Mrs. Dunlop's sh(,p was the
leailing and most popu1ar shop in the con-
fee ionery line in the city. It was pa.
tronized by the merchants and bankers
of the young city for luncheon. It was
noted 8S being scrupulously neat and tidy
and unrivalled in the qu Iii y pf its vianls.
The service was unexc!-ptionable-a great,
c ntrasr; with hat of to-day in some
Toronto lunch rooms. It was atterwards
altered and mad<' IIn artiST ic place by Tho..
:McConkey and known as the Terrap'n,
Bryce McMurrich. the wholcs'1.1e dry goods
hou..e. are still in business on Bay street-
the only one of the old firms which are
to-day in exis ence. Alexander Ba.denach
was a grocer. .He dealt also in snuff. and
old Scotch resid nts alwa'Vs oÞ
ainen Their
supplit s from him. Oid Dr. McCaul
used to think that Ba.denach's was the
best -place in the \\ or
d for Imuff. Br..bam.
the dotMer, lives in City Road, London,
EnJ!:land. He retired wealthy and still
owns real estate in Toronto. The corner
of King and Church wa
occupied by
the old fil'm of Shaw, Turnbuil & Co
They a.fterwards removed to Wellington
street, and finally went out of bu -iness.
Mr. John Shaw. for years prior to his
death, was a.n offIcial assignee. In the
block east of Church street, at the corner
was the dry J!:oods shop of George C tnt,
which was afterwards occupif;d by William
Hall and also by WiJliam Clarke. Mr.
C:a.rk9 was up to the last f ,w years, one of
the managing men of Al'man & Co., an
immense dry goods store on Sixth avenue.
New York. C.\mpbell & Hunter were sad-
dlers. Joseph Rogf'rs. the furrier, wa.s
perhavs one of the be:;t known men in
Toronto and Upper C mada. His son J. H.
Rf)ge"s is now at George Cant's corner. .Mr.
O'Beirne, was a clothier. He W88 a Roman
C:-ttholic and secretary of thp. commIttee
which had in charge the ß:ithedral of St.
Michael. the Archangel, on the corner of
Shuter and Bond streets. Mr. Mulholland
was fo.. years in the crockf3ry business anò
was afterwards on thf' north side of King
between Church and Toronto streets. Sten-
nett. the wa:chmake!', was a careful work.
man. His son, the Rev. W. Stennett,

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361

was principal ot Upper Canada Collesze. J.
R. Mountjoy, the d,"y ({oods man, had 110
" Golden :Fleece .. hanging over his door.
It was 110 well-known si
n. Lyman, Knee-
!'haw, the druggists, later on Lyman, Farr
&; Co.. at the corner of the Market Square
buildings, Tile firm was continued in
Lyman. Eliott & Co till 110 di
solution of
partnership, when both firms went into
business 011 their own account on Front
street. O'Dea, the clothier, was father of
Dr. O'Dea, of N ew York. His daughter
married the late 1\11'. Thos. Wilson of Frank
Smith & Co. Mr. Foster, the hardwarE'
ma.n. WaS father of the late W. A.
Foster, Q. C. Francis Logan had
two .tores on the south side of King
street in 1846. He did 110 large business
and had branch stores all over the
country. Hon. Frank Smith had the m:ln-
agement of Logan's store in Toronto,
when it was on the north side of King
IiItreet on PetIey's stand. The comer store
was that ot -'Valter McFarlane, 110 dry
goods and carpet house. McFarlan
was 110
leading Scotch resident. He died Iwme
years a
o in western Canada.
On the north liIide ot Kin
street, at the
corner of Toronto street, in 1846, was the
firm of H. S. Scott & Co., which 110 year or
two latpr merged into the firm of Rice
Lewis &. Son. One door east were the Bil-
tons, taIlors; 110 son of Mr. Bilton is in the
same line in Toronto at, the present time.
George Walker was also a tailor. Payne
dealt in books, and Hamilton, H
ll and
Cbettle were prominpnt grocers. John
Sterlill({, the bootmaker, was for years a
representatiYe of St. James' ward in the
city council Alex. Dixon. thE' saddler, had
the central shop of this row which was and
is known as the WeìIini:{ton BllIldiugs. The
store of Mr. Percy, tho b')()køeller, is to-day
the bookstore of Rowsell & Hutchison and
the Christian Guardian who have be
n at
this old stand for about sixty years. Geo.
Musson, Sewell. the jeweller, Nicol, the dry

oodö ml\n, had the IiItores east, that 011 the
comer being Phillips, 110
rocer, while across
the road Wa'8 the Cathedral of 81. James,
burnt down in 1849,
Mr. Alexander Jacques, an old Toronton-
ian who writes Ottawa ìetters for western
p.lpers during the session under the signa-
ture of " The Old Man," was a resident of
Toronto for over gixty yean. 'Vriting
about the landmarks of his native place and
especially abont King street east in 1834,
he says :-" About that date my iather, a
baker, resided at the corner of King and
Francis streets, opposite the St. Lawrence
market. The building, 110 two storey frame
one, was owned by Mr. Cawthra, sen. On

the west or Petley corner wa.s Schofield'!!
hotel, with 110 sign of the old English coach.
and-four. 'West of this the hotel 2ateway,
for then it wa.s a large market hotel, and
the principal house of call for visitors from
the north and west. In the next house wal!
Mrs. Platt, a kind.hearted old lady. the
mother of the la.te Samuel Platt, as also
John Pla.tt ; then lõome two frame struc-
tures, one later occupied by Paddy Burke,
the auctioneer, with an old man, a real
piece of Irhh eccentricity who used to ring
the auction bell. 'Vest was St. James'
graveyard, and the Cathedral with its
wooden spire. The half acre took posses-
sion of the whole block back to Adelaide and
east to the property occupied by the Rev.
D
an Grasett îor m Iny years. North up
Francis street to the lane running we
t from
Nelson was known 1109 the j)
vil's Elbow,
very filthy and no residences except at the
south west end, just up to the
raveYd.rd
fence. Mrs. McLean kep:; a tavern, the
8ign 01 the Crown and Anchor, and in those
days it wo.s 110 reõiort for the men who wore
her M..jesty's uniform, and who made it
theit" favourite house of call, and here in-
dulged, without f, ar of hindrance, in that
classic game of .. Forty-fives." Opposite
the cathedral, on the southeast corner of
Church anå Kin
streets, was a frame
building known as the Checkered Store,
painted like a checker-boJrd. East ot tha.t
came Joseph Rogers' fur and hat store. The
old sign, the lndian with his 2un and the
fur pelts in his belt, is to-day in front of his
son's store on the corner. It is a grand old
relic and was the artistic work of either
Paul Kane or Charles March. Mr. Rogers
was 110 tall, dark complexioned man, black
hair, and heavy eye-brows, with correct,
firm features. From 1822 down to that
date when our aborig;nes began to r
tire
back into the depths of our forests, shrink-
ing from the adnnce of our civilization.
Uncle Joe was deservedly famous amongst
th
tribes that visited Y crk, the great fur
trading depot, and when the dusky sons of
the forest Þad been bathed in the curse,
Uncle Joe's generosity wa:'! often tested to
fe
d and furnish
helter to the suffering
ones. He WIIJ! known as the great \Yau-
ba
konjuba, the straight pine.
From this east to Market Square there
were but few buildinys, none brick. Dr.
Laug, as he was c3.lled, h'ld an apothecary
shop, and extra,
ted teeth, old i:>tyle, with
the key, Down the west side of the Mal ket
Squ:
re, about where at 110 later period an-
other of the famed landmal ks rt'sided. or
rRther carried on business, Mr. William
H .1Iiwell. Thomas McIlmurray h!!.d r.. clock
and watch repairing shop. His sign was a

.362

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

golden lion, heM to the one storey buildin

by iron rods, and in the paw or forefoot 110
watch. Down at the southeast corner of
F. ont street stood an old two storey frame
building. on thp upper front a verandfl.h._
For many years this W&8 known as Billy
Plain's, It was here Nolan, who had lerved
his II.pprenticeship with William Lyon 1.11100-
kenzie, was shot by French.

CHAPTER CXVII.
THE BRITISH COFFEE HOUSE.

The 01,1 Pile of Rt'd Brick Tb;'1 Stood on
ttle !!jite of the Pres..nt Ros..in Houlle-
Property heltl by one Family Cora (;t'Rlury
The British Coffee House is a household
name with old residents, It was known as
CÌ1ewett's buildings and wr.s occupied as a
hotel and for stores aud private residences.
The land was granted t<. William Chewett
of the Surveyor-General's office, by the
Crown in 1817. Mr. Chewe:t Was the

randfa.ther of Dr. J. G. Chewett. The
Coffee House was commenced in 1833 with
J. G. Howard as architect and was com-
pleted in 1835. Preyious to the erection of
Chewett's buildings, there had been a
few wooden bui dings in th. plot, one to the
south surrounding the family residence of
the Chewett's on Wellington street next
door east of Dr_ Thorburns. In the c òntre
between York and B:.lY street in 1834 there
were many fine specimens of forest tree.3.
The Coffee Hou
e was rented on July 7.
1834, by Mr. Keating, who was the mf-'ssen-
gel' of the L gislative CounciL He was a
man small in stature and very gentle-
manly. In November of 1835 it was rent-
ed to John Cotter. The Coffee House occu-
pied the corner of the building, the maiD
entrance being on York street. The read.
ing room was on the corner of York and
King street, The rest of the building on
the King strpet front was occu-
pied betw en 1834,40 as private dwel-
lings and offices and at 110 later date by
&tores. Cotter left the building in 1836-7.
The house was c'osed ear1y in '37, owin2: to
troublous times then brewing, dond which
culminate;! in the rebeHion at the close of
that year. N (-'xt year the Government took
p3!òses!òÏon of the Coffee House, as ba.rracks,
for the troops then stationed at Toronto..
The regiment, the 93rd, a Highland one,
WdS aiterwards removeù to Os;;oode H,.tll,
which was fitted UP as barracks, and the
Coffee House was us d 80S :officers' quarters,
until the spring of '42. A lauuhable inci-
dent is told of Lieut. -Campbell, an officer
of the re
lar army who was quartered in
the house. He was engaged in shaving cne
lllornin2 at the window, when Major Mark-

ham rode up on horseback to &pell.k to some
person at the door. He was in his shirt-
sleeve
with the lather on his face. A
great fellow for sport he jumped on behind
Major Markham, gave the horse a s1ap, and
started full gallop down the street, much to
the surprise of Major Markham. On ano-
ther occasion walking with a brother officer
on Kit.g street, L;eut.-Campbell saw a car-
ter driving, with an immense puncheon OB
his slei
h. Campbell laid a wa2:p.r with his
brother offi
er that he could hit the carter
threetime3 with a :mow bll.ll wit,hout him
knowing where they came from. Very
nimble ot foot he jumped on the back of the
sleigh, got into the puncheon, with some
snow, and made three sma.ll balls, threw
one and struck the carter on the back of
the ner:k, then another, and finally the
third. The poor carter turned around e Ich
time to discover where th 'y came from, but
could not, as Campbell ha.d dodged into the
barrel again. The ca.rter was sitting low
down in front. In the fall of that year,
20th September, Mr. John EUah became
the tenant, and carried on a. boardinjZ house,
&. privlI.te hotel and club house, which later
in time developed into the Toronto C ub of
to-day. Mr. Enah was 110 retail dry goods
merchant on King street, near Y onge.
In June of 184-5. Major BeaU,ofWcodstock,
committed suicide at the British Coffee
House by taking prussic acid and the Ex-
aminer of 18th of June, '45, in the repart
of the ilJqm'st says that at the post,mortem
" three large tenpenny nails were fount}
in his stomach." After Ellah's lease
expired in '47, the Toronto C'ub
lea.sed the property and Mrs. Ellah
acted as housekeeper for them. The
Club was ma.intained in the building until
ApI il '52. Mri'l. Ellah finally retired from
the house and leased the Ba.ldwin prop
rty
on Front and Bay str
et for 110 private hotel.
In the winter of 1852-3, Mr. Mclnaoe, a
well-known tel\cher, used the first floor
over the corm'r in the building as a dancin

academy. Public balis swere given at the
Coffe' House. There was one in 1836, at
which all the leading people of Toronto
were present. 'l'he stores on Kin
street,
some ei
ht or ten, were all fitted up with
dwellings above, The first to the east was
occupied by Mr. Howard, as an office and
dwelling for many years, anothf'r by Rich-
ard Tuton.a ÌelIow-passenger of Mr. Howard
when he fir'3t came to this country, and who
carried on successfully 110 chemist and dl ug-
gist establishment. Mr. Geo. Walton, aD-
other Englishman, Clerk of the Peace,
lived here until 18M. Mr. Thorn,s D Llton,
editor and pub!isher of the U Patriot", in
its dava.u infln ntial paper, liyed here from

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

363

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

1836 to 1848. The printing office, a brick
buildiB
, was in the rear. Dr. \V ood, a
dentist, well-remembered by many old 1'0-
rontonians, carried on his business in the
block for ten years. Mr. henry Searle,
p ,p
r-hanger. was a tenant until 1852, over
ten years, and Richard Score, taihr, for
five years. Geo. Th8mas Reynolds and
Duffitt, both piano manufa.ctur rs, had es,
ta.blishmmts in the block, and Sams, a well.
known and popular cricketer, opened 110 but-
cher's shop for a few months, till his a-cci-
dental death, by tbe breaking of the fendrr
of a lake steamer coming into Gorrie's
wharf, put an end to hie lease, and in the
words of his landlord, squared his accounts
.. by death in full," that being the manner,
in which bis debit bala.nce was written off
in M t". Chewett's led,!er in 1850. Bicker-
staff & Son, paperhango'rs and p<\Ïnters,
Charies Ma:ch, also a painter, Lisburne
Lewis, frUltdealer, William Loane, shoe-
mak r, Jame3 Richard Brav, J. Kent,
David Stanley, 110 tailor, Robert Da.rling,
aud many others were tenants at various
tim('s. Amone- professional men, Dr. R',H s
lind for a tim
in this block, and Joseph
Spra'tge, brother of the late chll.ncellor.
Burns & :Mowat, afterwards Burns, Mowat,
A; Vankoughnet, and John F. Maddock,
all lawyers, had their offices here. During
the building of the east! rn pcn.tion of th

Grand Trunk Railway, Messrs. Peto, B:'ds-
sey A Bett<, the Grand Trunk contractors,
occupied the buil.:lini:{ while the railroad
was in process of construction. Mr. Tait
was a resident engiueer at th.,. time. The
property was sold in 1855 to the Rossin
Brothers for the pu
pose of erecting a hotei,
and the old Chewett's buildings gave place
to the Rossin House, which was unfortu-
na tely destroyed by fire, 14th November, 1862.
A few words in regard to the subsequent
history of the p:-operty may not be out of
place. Within a month after the fire,James
G. Chew<,tt dIed, and his son Dr. Chewett
a.ssisted the Rossins in getting up the com-
pany for the re-building of the hotel. The
R08sins, however, haà lost heart and left
the country; the elder returned home to
Germany, and the younger went to New
York. The company then fell und.:!r the
management of Dr. Chewett, who was 'Y'f'.ry
ìargely interesh'd in the proper"ty. As time
went on most of th
small shareholders sold
their holdin,!s to D;-. Chewett, who alone
..med to have faith in the property, begot-

largely by his family recoliections, etc.,
etc., the land coming from th
Crown to
hi. grandmother, in 1804; in 1871 the re-
maining shareholders transferred their hold-
WI(I5 to Dr. Chewett a!1rl his family, of whom
tbe company now consi.
s.

The property has been in the Chewett
family since the patent was granted in 1804,
and will remain in it a ways.

CHAPTER CXVIlL
GEORGE MONRO'S HOUSE.

Tilt" Bolldl.!!: Once &bt" Re<ideD
e of a
I..endin=' I!ler
bßnt 01 Tork and A.flerftard
the Black Ilor.
HOlel.
Just II.ftf'.r the close of the war of 1812,
two brothers,
cotchmen by birth, came to
York from Niagara, and engaged in business
h reo Their names were John and George
Monro. Their firl:lt place of business was in
a small frame s[;ore on the south side of King
street, between Y onge and Frederick street!:>.
In an extension at the rear of the store the
two brothers kept ba.chelor's hall. George
Monro, the younger of the brothcr3, was but
a bo of about fourteen at thp time of
commencing hi3 mercan t ile career. Very plea.
sant and cumfortab
e wen: thelie bachelor'l'1
quarters, At therearand westside wasa taste-
ful flower,ga.rden, and on the we
t side of the
house a tre,lis d verandah, with cages of
canaries hanging ther<.'. Both brothers were
regulat. attendants at St. James' church.
Early in the twenties John Monro died, and
was buried in St. James' churchyard. where
thð slab that marks his grave may still be
seen. In the spring of 1822 the brothers
were contributors to th
fund for building
two bridges over the Don. About this
pzriod, or earlier-for Geor
e Monro was a
very young man at the time-he was ma.r-
ried, anll changed his residence to 110 new
house, wh:ch he built about 1820, at the
north-east corn
r of Front and George
strE'ets. Thp. bui'ding, which is still stand-
in,!. and now known as the Black Horse
hotel,has b
en somewhat altered from Ìì;;; ori-
ginal anpearanc3, and its surroundings have

reatly- chant{ d, The main part of the build-
ini:{ does not differ much with the origin a!
structure which was 11 commodious two
storey fl'i\m
hOU'39 painted white. stand'n

about fifteen fe
t back from Front street
which it faced. It has since been stuccoed.
The verandah which now runs alo:J
the'
front of the house is a later imp:'ovement.
At first ther
was simply a pillared porch
at the entrance. A row of great w,illow
put ou' ,.vu lÌëveral tbOUS&Dël <1011&1'8.-.:\1.
thouah the promi
e on their face was tha'
they
ould be redeemed only in sums of $1.
runs back on George street, but at the time
the house was built this h:1d not been put
up although there was an extension at the
re:r but at the eastern instead of the
western corner. The bar-room at the eMtern
front is also an addition of c<lmoara.tively
modern times. The brick sta.bles behind
the house on Geori:e street wer"e

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

365

built by Mr.
lonro. After the death I by Mr. .Monro r and by him encl(\øed with ..
of his broth r Mr. :Monro's business fence and planted with shrubbery and near
increased to such an extent that he moved by a grea.t elm tree about which Indian:!
from his cramped little store er.st of George: used to camp, On this plot of 2' ound
street into the larver brick building erected I Mr. Monro bui1 t an ice house for his pri-
by him a.t the scuth-west corner of King and I vate u;:-e. Mr. Monro extended hIs hobby
George street
. Her,e he c
rri
don }' whole- f
r garden!ng beyond the surroundings d
sal
and rebloll busmess unill 18<>7 when hlB dwel1ml,t. He bought a plot of about
he retired. This building is still standing, I half an acre on Front street, betweell Port-
Fur many years
lr. Monro carried ou the land and Bathurst streets, and here in a
larg(-st busines'!l in town and was regarded little cott8g
he installed 110 Scotch g.rdener
1103 the A. T. Stewart of Toronto. About I named McGrath, whom he had brought
th? Front street rl s!dence wa.s a large lot I from Scotland. Here Mr. Monro would
extending h"lf way b1.ck to King 8treet aud p
!<s his evenim,g occasional;y, while Mc-
about an equal di
ta.nce
oward Frederick Grath paced np and down playin
the ba.g-
atreet. It was handsomely laid out, plant- I pipes. He afterwards sold this property and
ed in part with choice fruit; trees and bloom- lought 110 part of lot No.1 il' East York, on

, .

GEORGE 1't{ONIio's HOUSE.
ing in other parts with flowel s, for Mr. , the King- ton road, at what is called Painted
Monro w&s 110 great lover of plants and flow. Post, a dista.nc
post standÏl.g then to mark
ers, and all his life made gardening that it. was five miles irom the market-place
a hobby. Many men noW liTin2 remembf>r I of Toronto. Here Mr. :Monro's Scotch
what times they hal as playmates of the gatdener lived for a few years, when he
Dreaent Mr. G.-orge Monro, d the Custom I went west and becI.me a school teacher.
House, running races in this garden 0:1 In polItic:'!, he was an active p3rtisan, and
Saturday afternoons, a.nd conducting cir- his +-endencies were strongly Cf D-
euges ill the vacallt lot on the west side of 1 sel'va.tiVf>. In 1841'he was elected mayor
the street with the valuable ;!s!:'i:òta.nce of a. of Toronto, and whi]e hr>I.Jing that dJbe he
pony. Here, too, the boys we..e drilled for I mll.de a tr'p to England bearing from the
the fights with thB factions of Ymk and people of Tomnto a congratu:a.toryaddre!!s
Stanh y streets. Opposite the hl USe on the I on the birth of 1 he Prince of \V a!es. In the
bay shore ba.nk WdoS a piece of "n ond owned session oÏ 1844 5. he rt:preseuted in pa.lli;:r

366

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

ment the South Riding of York. Mr. Monro I to $200,000 and later to $500,000. Power
lived in the Front street house until about was originally granted to the company to
thirty years ago. when he mOTed to \V ell in2 , en
a
e in the businesa of life assurance, but
ton street, taking the fir-t housewt:st of the I this permission was uever acted upon. In
Government House. He then moved to I October, 1842, the company waa Ruthodzed
Wellil1gton Place, and finally to the corner to tl'll.Dsact Marine insurance. The offices
of Front and Windsor streets, wh! re ne died of the cl)mpany about 1849 were located at
some years ago, ageà ei2hty - two, I south-we!';t corner of George and Duke
having survived his wife, with whom he streets. Three fraille buildin!!B erected by Mr.
had Ii
d for 56 years. On giving up the J, S. Howard occupied the cor.
remisf>s to this.
Front street residence the building was I They were moved to A ice stl'eet, where they
taken by Mr'. Rolph, who convert..d it into now stand; numbered 32, 34, 36, The brick
a farmers' inn, under the name of the Black hGuses shown in the accompanyin!'{ illustra.
Horse, by which it is still known. A retired I tion were then put up on their site and be-

Þ.i'p ,çap_ta!!.l _
hen took it, and
ftt'r.!l"a,rd came tne offices of the insurance company. In
Landlord Holderness. Ln.ndÍord Oxford is 1
71 Mr. 'Birchall wa
obliged by ill-health to
the present proprietor. I gIve up the management, and he was Buccet'ded
____ by the then
overnor, Mr. Geo. Percival Ri-
CHAPTER CXIX. dout, who retained the position (Iown to the
I time of his death. 1n June, 1873, Mr. Peter
THF. B. A. ASSURANCE COMPANY. Pa terson was appointed governor. He re-
BoUdlne: of OJ,e or the Olde'" Inø..r8D
e tained the office until 18S2, when he was
Uompnnieø In the 1Þ0minioD. I succeeded by Mr. John Morrison. Mr.
The Briti
h America Assurance Com- Clarke GambJe. the solicitor to the com-
pany is one of the oldest of Canadian com- l'any, has held that office since its estabiish.

1

ii

./

_ '0 'I:'!Ø
-

- -
- =--
paoies. It was incorporated In the month I ment, more than h,df a century ago. The pre-
of FebruJ.l.ry, 1833. Among the incorpolll.- sent offices of the company are located in II.
tors were some of the most prominent men fine building of Ohio gray Ireestone, situated
ihen in the town. The first
overnor at the north-west corner of Front and Scott
e1
led was the Hon. \Villiam, father of the I streets, facing the former, with a frontage
Hon. G orsze William Allan. Thos. W. I of eighty-four feet, anù extending back on
Birchall, one of the early dry gQods mer- I the latter one hundred and fonr feet. The
cban
, was Ihefirst m:maging dirl-'ctor. The architec;urc is modern, the exterior beiD,Ç!
company began business with a paid up capi- I adorned with ornate columns, pilasters,
\&1 of $100,(0), soon aft rwards increaseà cornices. aDd enriched wìndows.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

367

CHAPTER Cxx.

ASSESS
iENT ROLL OF THE TO\VN OF YORK IN 1833

FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE CITY.

Tile Taxable Proper'y of' the InhabUant. in the First 'Wear of Toronto'. Exiø't'aee as a

1t7. aRd a BepoJ'& .r &110
oRdUloR or the Excllequer at this Time.
In the year 1834 Toronto was emerg-ng from the condition of a frontier Eettlement
and was beuinning to take on the appearance and the reality oi the capital of a proviooe.
Many and ;erious were the difficulties with whbh the first Council were forced to con-
tend. Numerous public works were about to be undertaken, and the city's exc' equer
was practically empty. A sum of over nine thousand pounds wa.s due to the Bank of
Upper Canada for money loane
some ye
rs . before for the purpose of erecting the mar-
ket buildings. Among the varIOus pnblIc Impruvements that could not well be delayed
was the constrnctio-Il of sidewalks. Thl-'re was not a single plank sidewalk in the city,
and nothing wa'S to be found in the shape of a properly comtn:cted pavement of any kind.
Many streets had nothing to distinguish them from back country roads. They had not
even ditches at the side to carry aw IY the water. At a sitting held on the 9th of May,
1834, the Finance and Assessment {!;ommirtee presented a repoi't to the City Council,
from which
ome information as to the cÌIY'S financial condition may be had. This reo
port reads as follows :-
.. The Committee on Finance and Assessment beg to submit the following report:-
.. 1. That the lease of the market ground afford a rent annually of ;ß423 10s. The rent of the
marJ;,et buildings afford ;ß187. The rents of the butchers' stalls afford till the [)th day of January
next ;ß373 163-maldn
the total amount .ß98! 6s. 'Whether any of the a.bove sum or all is pa.id
your Committee are not informed.
"2. Your Committee have made .the best endeavours to as('enain what might be the pro-
bable revenue of the city, and till now they have been unable to procure such documents as will
i'ive that correct information on the st).bject desired. but having procured an assessment roll ot
the late town of York, taken this year, they find that the rateable property on the same <.tmouut.
to ;ß131,519. making a tax at one 1Jcnny in the pound of ;ß'i47 19s lId. Your Committee hd,ve
allowed one,fourth of this as the proba.ble additional amount of rateable property in consequence
of the enlargemf'l1t of the city by the Act of Incorporation, whieh will be to ;ß32,8ï9, making a tax
at Id in the pound ;ß136 19s lId, a total of.ßô8! 19" lOd. Your Committee suppose that the fees.
licenses and forfeitures will amount to ;ß200, a total of 004: 19s ]Od, the whole amount of available
receipts for the purposes Gf the city.
.. Your Committee find that an d.mount will arise on etatute labour to be commuted for money
according to the Incorporation Act and the laws of the province at 2s 6d per day, which accord-
ing to the Incorporation Act is to be wholly expended on the sTreets, ;ß596 12s 6d. Your Commit-
tee derive these data for this sum from the assessment roll above alluded to-one-fourth of that
amount for the enlargement of the ci
y, ;ß100 - ;ß696 12;; 6d being the amount of revenue at the dis.
posal of the Corporation for the streets, etc.
.. The trea!'urer of the Home District makes the following demands aj;tainst the city:-The
loan due the Bank of Upper Canada for market buildings, ;ß9,21O; to sums due different persons.

226 6s IUd; to balance due himself, ;ß16! 3s 6d. Total, .ß9,630 lOs !ld."
Upon the recommendation of the Fim,nce Committee the Council adopted a resolu-
tion t ha.t in addition to the rates aud asæsBmentB payable to the general funds of the
Home DÌ5trict there should be raised. levied and co I 'cted for that year by a. tax on the
1 eal and per.onal property within the city two pence in the pound upon the aB
es.;;ed
value of the property as settled by the ge:1eral a8sessment law" of the pr ,vince.
The tahle given be'ow is the assessment roll of the town of York taken in the ea.r1y
part of 1834 with the days and commu,ations of statute labour.
The roll hf're givi n is 3n exact reproduction of the o'igina1 roll. ani the same spell-
ing has been retained, although in some illstan
it differs with that commonìy knOW_I, !WI
in the name ';ohn Ella, which is usually John Enah.

368

LANDMARKS OJ!' TORONTO.

ASSE!3SMENT ROLL FOR THE TOWN OF YORK FOR THE YEAR 1831.

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KING STRI\ET. sÞ
:
Cha,rles C. SmalJ, Esq..... ........ ..... 2 1 3.. .' '. .. .. "
Joseph Easton.. .. .... .. .. . . .. .. ....... ...' 4 3.. .... 1 1.. .... 2 1,. .. .. ..
John Hay .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . . .. , . .. , , .. . .. . . . 1....... . 1 3.. .. .... 2...... ..
::5amuel Smith .......................... .. 1.. " .... 1 3.. .... 1 1.. .. .. ..
J oBb ua Vana.llen... .. . . ... . ... . , . ... ...... 2 2.. .. .. ., ., ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Dr. DeihL.... .... . .. . , . ... . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . 1...,.. .. 1 -I.. .... 2 1.. 1.. 1
Dr. Widmer ............................... 2........ 1 3.. .... 1 2., 1....
Alexander Le
g .......................,... 4 2.. .. ., 2 4. 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
George Hargraft..... . .... .. .. .. . .. ......' .' .... I,...............
Richard \Vatson...........,.,............. 3.. '... .. 3 2.... ., .. .. .. ,. .. ..
\V illiam R. Snider....................,.... .. .' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .' 2 1.. .. .. "
Willia.m Smith............................. 4 1.. .. .. 3 8.. ., .... :........
Thoma.sWilliamB.. ...................... 1 1.. .......,.. 2 1.,......
Dr. Burnside.. ,.......,.................... 2.,.. .... 2 7.. .... 1...... 1..
Samuel Hill..,..,.......................... 1......., 1 2.. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. ..
John F'quet........................ ,.... 2.... '. .. 2 4.. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. ..
John Baldwin, Esq.....................,... 3......., 1 7.. .' .. 1 2.. 1 1..
Alexander Wood. Esq..."..............., 5..,..., , 1 2.. .. .. 1 1., .. .. "
Henry Mosley.............,......, ....... I 1 1.. ., .. .. .. .... 1 2.. .. .. ..
PeterRobinson ....................,...... 1.. '. .... 1 2.. ., .. .. .,..
Paul Whitney. .....................,....,. 1........ 1" 1.,.. 1.,..
Thomas II. Williams .. ....."..._.. ...... 1.. " .. 1 2 1.. .. .. ., ..
Gamble&. Birchall ............,...,....., 1.... ,. 1 4 1.. .. .. .' ..
Brice, Buchanan & Co. ................... 1...... 1.. 1............
Estate of Patrick McGann ............... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. '0 .' .. .. .. ..
Thomas Riddle .............,.............. 1 1.. _ .. .. .. " ,... 1......
George Stegnutn.. .. . , . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . , .. ,.. 2,....... 2 4 2.... 1,..... "
W at kins & Harris.. . ... . .. . .. . . .. .. . . , . ..' .. .. .. .. .. .. .' 1..,.....,.......
William \Vasnage....,..................., .. .. .. .. .. .... 1................
John Murchison...........:............... 4 2 1.... 2 6 1.. .. .. .. -- ..
Daniel Brook .. .. . . . ... . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . 2........ 1.... .. .. ,. .. ..
Marthew Codd............................. ., .. .. .. .. .... 1..........
Robert Meip;han........................... 1.... '... 1., '. .. .. .. .. .. .'
Wifliam Stark.......,..................... 1...,.... 1.. 1............
Murray, !\ewbigging & Co..............., 1 1,. .. .. ,. .. 1,... 5.... ..
John J.eYR .,.,..........,',.'..,.. '......' 1,...... . 1 6" .. ,. .. ., .. ..

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:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.
:::: :'. '2'3 .
:: :: :: :: :: :: :: ï
Joseph Bloor....... .. .. .. .. .'. . .. .. . . .. ... . 1........ 1 3.. .... 1..........
}"to bert lJarling .,.....................'... 1 1.. .. ., .. .. " .' ., .. .. .. .. ..
Richard Platt ............,..........,...., 1 1., .. ., .. ,. 1,............ .
WillialH Bergin........................... 2.... .. .. 2 2 1.. ., 1 1.. 1..

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o.. 7 days
394..11 ..
146.. 7
151..7
170.. 7
209.. B
229 __ 8
6::10..13
200.. 8
350 ..11
19.. 1
495. .12
lOt.. 6
318. ,10
1::0.. 6
260,.10
339.. 10
341..10
10-1.. 6
130.. 6
:U8..IO
330..10
350.. 11
310 ..10
85.. 5
93.. 5
660..13
200., 8
200.. 8
655..14
160.. 7
200.. 8
no.. 6
:
1O..1l
3
5 ..10
170.. 7
445..12
323..10
110.. 6
85.. 5
285.. 9
476. .12

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

360

.AME .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
KING STREET-Oontinued. ï j Î j j i ì r 'f I ï j i i i f
.Y
h
M
W
Ügh'::::::::::.::::::::::::::: ï:: :: :: :: ï:: .
:: :: .
:: :: :: :: ::
Pat.rick Bu rke.. . ...... .................... 1 _. .. .... 1.. .. .. .. ., .. '. .. .. "
Lambert Brook ........................... 1........ 1 2 1.. .. .. .. .. ., .. ..
J. 1,. Perrin & Co..................... ..... 1........ 1 2 1 :........ .. .. ..
Ed ward Baker ............................ 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. " .. .. ..
Robert Johnston .......................... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .... 1.... .. .. ..
JosevhH('nderson.............,........... 1........ 1.........,.. .,..
\V i1lia nl H. Day Ie . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. . . 1........ 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
John Moore .............................. 3 1.. .... 2 :.:.. .. .. 1.... ..
Gibson & Colville .,...................... .. .. .. .. .. " ., 1............
J ames Leslie...,...................... .. .. 3.. .. .... 3 IIJ 1.. .. .. .. .. .,
Jalnes Cockshutt ........................ 1........ 1 2 1.... 1......
John Ella.................................. 1.. .. .... 1 1 1.... 1.... ., .. ..
Peter Patterson ,...,..,.................. 1........ 1 i 1.... 1..........
Henderson & McKenzie.................. 1.. .. .... 1.. 1................
Willia m Lapsley.. ..... .. . ...... . . .. . ..... 1.. .. .... 1.. 1............
Johl' Fullarton.. .. ...'. , . , .. . , . ....... .... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

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:: .
:: :: ï :: :: :: :: ::
W Ulia!n Spencer.............. .. .... .. .... .. ..' ........ 1............
Ridout Brothers & Co............. ...... 1........ 1 6 1.. .. .. .. .. ..
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:::::::::::::::::::::
:: :: ::::
'2 ï:: :: :: :: :: :: .. ..
\Yilliam Higgins.......................... 2 1.. .... 1 2.. .... 1 1.. ..
David Wilson ...........' .... ............ 2 1.. .... 1............ .. ..
George Gilbert.... '....... .... ............ 1.. .. .... 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .,
Robert Stanton...........,............... 3 2.. .... 1 i 1.. ..
.'\. W. Hent & Co. ........................ 1........ 1 4. 1.. ..
\V illiam J. Preston ... .. . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . 1........ 1............... .
RIchard Brewer ...,..,..,.,.............. 1.. .. .... 1.. .. .. ..
Mrs. Knott..... ................ ......... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mr. Buchanan,.................. .......... 3 2.. ...' 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Lolld.Jn House........ . ... ..'. '... .......' 1........ 1 2.. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. ..
Joseph Sharp .... ........................ 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.
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.::::::::::::.::::::::::::: l
'2:: :: :: :: :: :: :: ï :: :: :: :: ::
Henry Sprout ............................ 2 1.. .. .. 1.. .. .. .. 1.... .....
\Y iHiahl J..eslie..., .. .. .. . .. . , . .. . .. . . . .. . . 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
JOBephMartins........................... i 2...... 22......
Joseph H utto'\. . , . .. . ... . . .. . . ... . . . .. . . . . . 1........ 1.. 1. .......,......
Alexander Hodge.............. _.... .. .. . . 1........ 1.. .. ., .. ., .. .. ., .. ..
John Ki taon ............. ................ 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
John Baker. ..............,....,.'........ 3 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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Mr. Dclaha.,. f'. . . . . ., . .. . . ' . .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. 1........ 1 4.. .... 1 1.. ., .. ..
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James Mires.............................. 1 1 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

NAME. co ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... .- .....
KING BTREET-Continned. ï j ï i r i ï i I f i i ï 7' r I
A. Laurie & Co .......................... .. " .. .. .. .... 1............... .
R. A. Parker.............................. 1 1.. .. .. .... 1................
John Mills ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 2.. .. .. .. 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. "
Edward McRldeny ...................... 1 1.. .. .. .... 1................
Thoma.
Caldicot ........................ .. .. .. .. .. .... 1........
Thomaa Thompson ...,.......,.......... 1.... 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. " .. .. ..
T. E. Taylor ,....
....................... 1 1.. .... 1................
Alexa.n der Di XOn J ...... . .. .. . . . . . .. ... 3.... 3 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
James Bea.t7..................,........... .. .. .. '" 1.... .. .. .. .. .. ..
Lardner Bostwick ...... . . . .. . .. .. " .. .. . .
1.. .. .. 3 6.. .... 1 1.. 1.. ..
Thonla.s Platt ....... _ .. .... ...... .. . .. ." .. .. .. .. .. .... 1.... .. .. .. ..
Alexander Cuthbert. . . ... .. . . ..... .....' 5 2.. .. .. 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Gt'orge Sloan. .. .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. .... .... .. " 3.... .... 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
Thoma.s Wri
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A. McVonald ..., ....... ..............' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1...... .. .. ..
G. B. Willard ............................ 1. ...... 1 7 1.. .. .. .. .. ..
J. R. Annstrong.......................... 3 1.. .... 1 3 1.. .... 1....
A. M. Greig & Co......................... 1........ 1 1 1.. .. .. .. .. ., .. ..
Thomas Lawson........................., 1........ 1 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
William C. Ross.......................... 2.. .. .... 1.. 1............
Robert Cat heart .... .. .. .... ............. 1.. .. .. .. 1 2 1 .. .. .. .. .. ..
A. E. McDounald .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.. .. .... 1 2 1.. .. .. .. .. ..
W illia.m M U850n ......................... 1........ 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
James F. Smith ........................., 2.... .... 2.. 1........
Charles Baker ............................ 1.. .. .... 1 1 1.. .. .. ..
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WilliamProudfoot.Esq................... 'l........ 2 4 1.... 1.... 1....
William Allan. I!.eq........"..........., 7 2 4.... 1 2.. .. .. .. .... ....
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200.. 9
28.'i ,10
220.. 9
285 ..10
200.. 8
110..6
285..10
360 ..11
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511..12
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330..10
200.. 8 ..
200.. 8
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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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Mrs. Grames.............................. 1 1.......... .................
J. M. Caldwell............................ 1 1 2.. .... 1..................
Andrew Seiber.... ... ... .. .... .......'.... 1 1.. .... 1....................
Dr. Rees ...........................,...... 1.. ., .. .. 1 5.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
William Miller.........................'.. 1........ I [).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mr. Attorney-General Jamieson ... . .. .. 1....... . 1 5.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
George A. Barber ........................ ]..,..... 1 5.. .. .. 1..........
George C. Ridout ........................ 1 1 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

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Jesse Ketchum ..........................1514.. .... 1 7...... 6 2.. .... 1

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Thomas
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John Hollister ............................ 2 2
Balik of Upper Canada. .......... 1" .. .. . i ':; .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J. S. Howard.....................::.:::::: 2:::::::: 2 6
: :: :: :: ï :: :: :: ::
Lady Campbell............................ 3 2.. .... 1 ".. .... 2 1 1.. .. ..

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Reaben Farkinson............... ...... 2 2 . 1 '" 1.. 1 1 8.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
......... .. .... ....................
MARCH 8TRBET.
Alexander Smart ........................ ] 1............................
Jam.sBennett............................ 1........ 1....................
John Aston................................ 3 3.. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Peter ..elamere .......................... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J osenh R odåy .......,.................... 3 3.. '. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
A ndl'ew Shore .......................,.... 3 3..'.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Matthew Sweetman...................... 1.. .. .... 1 2.. .. .. .. ..... ....
John Scott .... .............. ............. ] 1.... .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Jalnes Raddock .......................... 1 1.. '. .. .. .. ., .. .. ., .. .. .. .. ..
llenry Wiley... .................. ........ 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

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96..5
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85.. 5
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372

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

NA1'rIR:

-
MARCH STREET-Continued, ï ï i i r i ï i
r ï ï i j I' i
John Mearns . .. . ' . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " .. ..
Thomas Smith, h. .... .. . . .... . . .. .. . . '... 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
James Stewart,........................... 1........ 1...... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Robert Rennison...... .. '" .......... _... 7,....... '1,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
Mrs. Jamps................................ 3.. .. .... 3...,................
'\\.illiamHutchinson.................... . 8 1...... 2 4.. .............. ..
Jamcs'l'urner.81'. ........................ 2......., 2.......,............
William Turner .......................... 1........ 1 2 1.. .. ., .. ,. .. " ..
J ames Turner, Jr.... .....,.............. 1.,...., . 1................,"..
Dr. J. P. Daley..,.....................,.., 1........ 1 3.. .. .. .. .... 1 o. ..
Charles Roddy............................ J 1...,........... . 1 :i.. " " ..
Mrs. Hannagan .......................... 3 3.. .. .' .. .. .. .... 1 2.. .. " ..
JamesGrames..................,......... 4- 4-.. .. .. .. .... __.... 1........
William Sharp,........................... 3 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. ..
William ^ sburr.. .. .................... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
John Lyden .............................. 1........ 1............ .. .. .. ..
James Bennett. Jr....,....,.............. 1........ 1.............. .... ..
Thomas Cochrane. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. ......... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
Owen
catJ Ian .......... ... .. . . . . . . . . .. 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
Thomas O'Bri 11 ......................... 1 1., .. .. .. .. .. ..' .......-....
Pat.:-ick La w ....,........,.........., , . . .. 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. " ..
Robert Barn es .... ...............,....... 1....... . 1..............,.....
Capt. ROils ................................ 3 1.. .... 2........ ,. .. .. .. " ..
Charl(,s Mc N ieho1 .....,.................. 1........ 1 8.. .. " .. .. .. .. " ..
JOb'1 Lacy..,.....,....................... 2........ 2 2.. .. ., .... .. .... '.
James McMa3ter ........................ 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mrs. Orr .................................. 2 2.. .' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
Isaac Perry .............,.,....,......... 3 1.. .... 2,.....,...,... .. " ..
William P ,ttitt .... ..................... 1........ 1....................
Malcolm 1'rlcLelld.Il.... . .. . . . . .. ....... .... 1 1.. .. .. " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
:Paul Kane ........,.....,.........,....... 1........ ]........,...........
James Todd ,............................. 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " .. .. ..
Richard Cuthbert ..................,..... I....... . 1....................
Ba rney Cotton. .. . .. .. .. .. .. ,.......,..' 1....... . I....................
\V illian\ Flanagan........................ 1........ 1........,...........
Uavid Hepbul'n ......,................... ]...,.... 1...............,....
William Lyon MackenzlC ................ ] 1 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
John V aU" nee... .. , . . . .. .. . .. . , . . . . . . .. . . . 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Michael Macnamara ................,.., ] ].......,.",................
Timolhy Tie .............................. ]........ 1 2........ .. .. .. " ..
George Price...... .... .... .... ..,...., .... 1 1.. ., .. " .. .' .. .. " .. .. .. " ..
J. Laing .................................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1................
John :'-c\"erein ................,......,.... 3 2.. .... 1,...................
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John Armstron,:; , . ...... .. . .. . ... .. . .. . ... I..,..... 1............., .. " .
J"hn Bundy...........,..,..........,.... 1 1.. .. .. .,.... .. .... .. .. .. " ..
l\ïlli . m .J ohnSI on ... _. _ .. .. .. . . . .. ' .. .. .. ] 1................,. .. .. .. " ..
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Robert Hpnd 'rson,.........., ............ 4 4...0.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Robert M er("hant ........................ 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
William Kno:t................ ........... 1 1.... .. .,.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -.....
J alnes M uUan ...,..,........,....... .... 2 1...... 1 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
Thomas Phipps "......,'."............. 1 1.... .. .. .. 1................
Janles Hannavan .................... .... 2 2.. .. '. ., -- .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. ..

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:::::::
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Thomas C ozh:r ....................... " 1........ 1....................
M ". Brown. . . , . .. .....,...,.............. 1 1........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
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Chief Justice Robinson .................. 4........ 1 5.. .... 3 1 1 1.,..
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,John lrlaitland........................,... 1,....... 1 2.. .. .. .. .. .. ..., ..
Thomas Carfrae .............,..,.....,... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -. .. .. ..
Richard Crispin .......................... 1 1.,.. .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. .. ..
R c ha .'d 0 wen s.. . , . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . , . .. . . ... 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . - " ,.
Jm::eph 1'rlartin ..................,......... 4 4., .. .. " .. .. .... .. .. .. .... ..
John 1\'1. Murchison ...................... 1........ 1 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .-
EstateofJ.l'rowther.................... 3 2...... 12..................
Robert Bright .. .......,...........,...,. 1 1.. .. .. " .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. ..
John Greer................................ 1 1.. .. " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. _' .. .. ..
JarneiVollen..,............... ......,... 1... .... 1,................._
Phineas Hutson ..,............,.......... ] 1.................... __ .. .. ..

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

373

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MARCH STREET-Continued. T i i i r i ï i i I ï "j ï i ï' i

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:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
Richard ( 'arter. . . . . . . . . . . ,. .......",..,. 1 1,. " .. .. ., ., .. " .. ., ., .. .. '.
Alex. Montg;omery,...............,....... 1.,...,.. 1 2.. ,. .. .. .. .. .. ., ,.
Colin DrummoL.d . . . . . " "..',........,. 5 2 1.. .. 3 7., .. '. .. ., .' ., ,. .,
GeorgeTeivans.......... .............,.. 1 2.. .' .. .. .. .. " .. .. .. .. ,. .. ..
!-Hchard \V oodsworth .'.. ... . .... .... .... 1 1 .......... .. .. .. " .. ..
Thomas Stonn ..,......,.. . . . . ... . , . . . . .. . 1 1.. " .. .. .. .' .,

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Janl88 Vance...........,.................. 1.. ,. .... 1...,..., ..
J&mes Marshall ..... .................... 6 .. '. ,... 2 4,. .. .. ..

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.
:: :: :: ï :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
Duncan Kennedy ........................ 1 1 1,. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. ., ..
Thomas Vaux .........,....... .....,.... 1 1.. .. ., ., .. .' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J( hn
ton Hamilton ...................... 1........ 1.. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. ..
William Shaw........ ..................' 3 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. ., .. .. ..
LOT STREET.
Mrs. Burke..............,.................
Juhn Elson ..,......................... . . . .
Rob'3rt
ightfraac.. .. .. ...... '... .... ....
William Jackes ........................,.
Alex... nder Arm stroD g . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . , . . .
Rev. Mr. Harris ,..."...,..,'..... ......
Jot n lredale ......."..."...............,
Jeremy Iredale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , .. . . . .. . .
John Hu
hes.... ........',.,..... .........
JaJIles CODway.,.,................ .....',.
Dominic McManus. . . . . , , , . . , ..' . . .. .. .. .
Edward &. .\ tkit.s .'......................
Mrs. Rubigall ...........". ",...,.......
Thomas Sandon .........................,
John ::5hol,t.... .......,...",.,.... .". ,...
George Preston ....... ' . . .. . , . , , , . . . . . .
Dennis O'Brien...." .....,...."..........
- }<'lock .....'..,...',..".",.,.....,
Joseph McDougall.. .. . . . .. .. ... .. .. . . .. . .
Jan,es Mackintosh.................. ....
Charles :- mith .,.,..,............,.."....
John Falvey...... ..'.....,. '... ... ," ....
Mrs. N'e\ ins ,........................,...,
Thomas Kirby.." .,.,.. .,....,....... ....
Henry McC abe .. __ .. .. . .. . , .. .. ..
John Grant, . ... .. .. . ... .. ..
George Farrel ... ...... . ....... .......
J osenh J a. WSOD. , . , . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ,
:Mary..... nn Todd '..... .. . . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. ..
Juhn Ross ...................."..,..."
James'Vard .... ........ ..."... ..........
\Villiam King ."............"..,.,......
Alexander )'1cDoDnell ,. . . . . ' . . . . . . , . , . . , ,
Georll
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t :: : : : : : : ,
: : : : : : :
: , : : : :: ::

1 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. ..
1,... 1........................
1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. ..
1 1.. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. ..
1.. .. .,.. 1 2 __ .. .. .' .. .' ,. .. ..
3 2.. .... 1 3.. ..,.... ,. ,. ..
1 1.... .. ., .... .. 1.. .. .. .. ..
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2 1.. .... 1 2.. .. ..
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...

I
85., 5 daTa
170., 7
85.. 5 .,
130.. 6 ..
575..12
170.. 7 .,
85.. 5 "
85.. 5
85.. 5 .,
160.. 7
110.. 6
600..12 ..
510.. 6
110.. 6
90.. 5
85,. 5
110.. ti
255.. 9
90.. 5
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85.. a
130.. 6
:JlO ..10 ..
93.. 5
85.. 5
21
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85.. 5
t85.. 9
110.. 6
11Q..

85., a ..
130.. 6
85., 5
110.. Ö
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8
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85.. 5
260.. 9
85.. 5
85.. 5
110.. 6
110.. 6 ..
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220.. 8
8.5.. 5
310..10
58L ,12
85.. :)
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LOT STREET I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
c. A. Hagerman ",............ 1....,.. . 1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .,
Simon'ViggoDS................ 1 1,... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
14:dward Bell ................... 1 1 :........................ ..
Rowland Bell.............. '... 1 1,. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. '. .. .. ..
Patrick Hartney"".,...".... 5 4.. .. .. 1 2.. .. '. .. ., .. .. ., .,
Hon. G. H. Markland........., 2 1.. .... 1 3.. .... 2 2 1.. 1..
Col. Chcwet.. .. , . .. .. . ' ... ... .. 2........ 1 3.. .... 1...... 1..
James Parker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1....... . 1..................
John YoungstoD .............. 1.,.. '... 1.................. ..
Hiram Hosmer ................ 1 1.. '. '. .. ... .............'..
Maurice Malone................ 7.,...... 7........ ,. .. .. .. .. ,.
Hugh Treaner .........,......, 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. '. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mrs. Murchison.......".. . . . , . 1 1 1.. .. .. .. ., .. ,. .. .. .. .. ,. ..
Mrs. Petty..................... 2 1.. '... 1,.,........,........
Peter :Mc1Jougall . ,........... 9 2.. .... 7 6.. .... 2 1 1 1.. ..
George Kingsmill,............. 3 3.. .,.... '... .... .. .... ,.....

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...

I
13Q..
days.
85.. a ..
85,. 5
85,. 5
(70. .12
360 ..11
213.. 8
110,. 6
no.. 6
85.. 5 ..
770. .14
liO.. 7
90,. 5
19,'i.. 7
1,064 ..17
255.. 9
200,. 8
14..
310. .10
no.. 6 . .
85.. 5
110.. 6 . .

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12 6
12 6
12 6
110 0
176
100
15 0
15 0
12 6
115 0
17 6
12 6
17 6
226
126
100
150
1.5 0
12 6
U 0

374

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

}oJ AME. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
LOTBTREET Contin/ued.. ï i j i r i i ï r r ï i i i r i
Michael Kea.rll1g .............. 1........ 1 7.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....
William B. Jarvis, Esq........ 1........ 110..................
William Cooper.. . . .. . .. . .. . .., 1 1.... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
John Kerr........ .. .. .. .. ..... . 1........ 1....................
Hellry l.ove.................... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J'ohn McManiß ................ ] 1...... .. h .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J'ames ('all ..................., .. .. ., .. .. .. .... J...............
TholT as Jones........ .......... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 2 1 1.. .. ..
Benjamin Knott ............... 1........ 1 },.. .... 6 3.. .. ....
J oh II Bcarners . . .. .. .. .. . .. . ..' 1 1.. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Robert Dufreece............... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Alfred Patrick ..............,. 1 1.... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Robert. Richardson... . .., . . . .. 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

;;::::
::
:::: I'I:,:

.! I:
. :, :: :: :.
:
! .:
.Andrew
lercer................ 11 3 1.... 1 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Hon. John l!Jmsley ............ 6........ 114...... 3...... 1 1
Chief Justice Powell ........., 4........ 1 5.. .... 2 1 1 1....
lion. and Ven. John Strachan. 6.. .. .... 1 8.. .... 1.. 1 1 1..
Edward Wright ............... 3 2...... 1 3.. .... 2...... 1..
William Hea.Lher .............. 2 1.. .... 1....................
Bartholomew Eikeslin ........ 2 1.. .... 1 3.. .. _ .. .. .. .. .. ..
Col. Beikcy .......... . .. . .. .. .. 2........ 1 3.. .. .. ., .. .. .. " ..
Geo. ge Crookshank............ 2........ Ill...... 3 4.. .... 1
James Hamilton .............. 1........ 1....................
JudgeMa.caulay .............. 1........ 1 5.. .... 2 1.. .... 1
Dr. King... .. . .. . .. . . . ..... .... 1........ 1 3.. .... 1...... 1..
Christopher Wilkinson.... .... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Captöill Richardson .......... 1,...... . 1 3.... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

:

: ::::::::::::::::

:: :: :: :: :. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
'\\ïlliam Carn p bell . . .. .. .. .. . . 1.... 1........................
William H. Draper............ 1........ 1 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J'ohn Ewart........... ........ 1........ 1 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
William Guild, Jr. & Co....... 1........ 1 2 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Com'r Balik. M. JJ...... .... .... 1........ 1 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
ltichard Feeha.n ............... 1 ] .. .. .. .. .... 1.. 6 1.. .. .. ..
Duncan Me lJonnell .. .. .. . .. ... .. " .. .. .. .. .... 1..............
George
teph...nson ............ 1........ 1....................
PRINCESS STREET.
Michael Melghen .............. 3 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Robert \V ilson ......... .. .. .. . 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
CAROLINE STREET.
John Maughan ................ 1 ].. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Willianl I:)wanton.......... ... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Hon. John McGill.............. " ".. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

ik
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J'oseph Cawthra ............... 3 1 3....
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Mrø, ::5towe..................... 1........ 1 3.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.Alexander Wal1ace............ 1........ 1....................
"ïlliam GreenBland .......... 1........ 1 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
'Thomas Robson................ 1 1.. .. .. .... 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J'ohn aarley ................... 2........ 1
........ .. .. .. .. ..
George Gurnett .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. 2 1.. .... 1 ..................
Robert Horsley ................ 1........ 1 6.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Daniel Connor ................. 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. ..
Cbarles Callaghan ............ 1 1.. .... 1....................
James Sloan ................... 1..............................
Peter McArthur .............. 2 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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180.. 7 17 6
210.. B 1 0 0
85,. 5 12 6
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85..5 12 G
85,. 5 12 8
200.. 8 1 0 e
44.. 3 7 8
178.. 7 17 6
85..5 12 G
85.. 5 12 &
85., 5 12 6
85.. 5 12 6
85., 5 12 6
130.. 6 15 0
110.. 6 15 0
130.. 6 IS 0
305. .10 1 5 0
12t.... 6 15 0
170 , 7 17 6
líO,. 7 17 ti
750..14 115 0
564. ,12 1 10 0
454. .12 1 10 0
5
3..12 110 0
346..10 1 5 0
195.. 7 17 6
225.. 7 1 0 0
190.. 7 17 8
U6..12 110 0
110.. 6 15 0
219.. 6 1 0 0
168.. 7 17 6
85.. 5 12 6
140., 6 15 0
85..5 12 6
170,. 7 17 6
90.. 5 12 6
140.. 7 1 7 6
140.. 7 1 7 6
330..10 1 5 0
140..6 15 0
ZH6..10 1 5 0
200.. 8 1 0 0
110.. 6 15 0
255.. 9 1 2 6
85..5 12 6
85.. 5 .. 12 6
85.. 5 12 6
340..10 1 5 0
110.. 6 15 0
93..5 12 6
93.. 5 12 6
85.. 5 12 6
140.. 6 15 0
520 ..12 110 0
140.. 6 15 0
110..60 15 0
130.. 5 15 0
(85 ..12 110 0
2".lO .. 8 1 0 ø
235.. 8 .. 1 0 0
170.. 7 17 6
85.. 5 .. 12 6
85.. 5 12 6
110.. 6 15 Q
170.. 7 17 6
85.. 5 12 6
85.. 5 12 6
85.. 5 1J 6
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140.. 6 li 0
85.. 5 l! 6
85.. 5 12 f)
110.. 6 .. 15 .
130.. 6 .. 15 6
85.. 5 12 .
85.. 5 1Z 0

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

AM

Q

S=

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C....ROLINE STREET-Continued I I. I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I
J' ohn \<\ïlmot .............. _ . .. 1:l 6.. .. .. 6 .,.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
ThumdosHelliwell........... ., 6 1.. 2.. 3 (.... .. .. .. ., .. .. ..
James tiopkinø ................ 7 7 .. .. .... ...................
Rooert Turnbull .............. 3 3 .. .. .. .. .... ...............
W iuiam Lefferty .............. 2 2 .. .. .. .. ...................

t2EEE

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William Creighton.. .... .. .... 1........ 1...... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
tig
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John
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:::: :: :: :: :: :. :: :: :: :. :: :: ::
-L

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Thomas .Anderson ... ........ 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

;!i;L::
:

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:: !:;:::::
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:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::

:f

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:::::.:::::::::::
::::::::
.::::: :: :: :: :: ::
Cal,herine Pattinton .......... 1 1.. .. .. -' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Christopher Webo ............ 1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. ..
Or.1I1th &; McCrackin...... .... 1 1.. .. .. ., ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

:

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er.::::::::::::::::: t.
:::::: ï '2:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
Willia.m Wilson............... 1........ 1....................
William Wallace .............. 1........ 1,....... .. .. .. .. .. ..
James ClarKllon................ 1.... .... 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Robert Stephens.............. 1.. ..... 1.. .. .. ., .. .. .. ., .. ..
.Johu Power.................... 1.. .. .... 1........ .. .. .. .. .. ..

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Thom8.8
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William Crow........ ........ 1.. ,. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. ..
James Hunter .........,...,... 7.. ., .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. ..
J()hn 'fiffie .,....... ... . . . . , . .. . 3 3 - ., .. . ...... ...

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James M. Strange L .. . .... . .. .
Michael Kane. . . .. . . ........ .. 2 2.. .. .. .. .' 1................
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595. .13 .. 1 12 6
25.'1.. 9 .. 1 2 6
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85.. 5 12 6
110.. 6 15 0
110.. 6 15 0
110.. 6 .. 15 0
110.. 6 .. 15 0
110.. 6 .. 15 0
170.. 7 17 6
200.. 8 .. 1 0 0
170.. 7 .. 17 6
85.. 5 .. 12 6
85.. 5 .. 12 6
130.. 6 .. 15 0
85.. 5 .. 12 6
85.. 5 12 6
110.. 6 .. 15 0
110.. 6 .. 15 0
140..6 .. 15 0
130.. 6 .. 15 0
no.. 6 15 0
85.. 5 12 6
8J.. 5 12 6
85.. 5 .. 12 6
85.. 5 12 6
130.. 6 .. 15 0
no.. 6 15 0
110.. 6 .. 15 0
no,. 6 .. 15 0
110.. 6 .. 15 0
no.. 6 15 0
110,. 6 15 0
110.. 6 15 0
207.. 9 1 2 6

5.. 9 1 2 6
85.. 5 12 6
85.. 5 12 Ii
85.. 5 12 6
595..13 1 12 6
255.. 9 1 2 6
220.. 8 1 0 0
203,.8 1 0 0
330.. 4 1 7 6
260.. 9 1 2 Ii
370..11 1 7 5
85.. 5 .. 1'
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220.. 8 1 0 0
810..13 112 6
285.. 0 1 2 6
85.. 5 12 6
8,) .. 5 .. 12 6
170.. 7 17 6
285..9 1 2 6
120.. 6 15 0
6tO..13 112 6
110.. 6 15 0
330. .10 1 5 0
110.. 6 15 0
200,. 8 1 0 0
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85., 5 lZ 6
85., 5 12 6
310..10 1 5 0
110.. 6 15 0
110.. 6 15 0
130.. 6 15 0
280.. 9 1 2 6
130.. 6 15 0
85,. 5 12 .
120.. 6 15 0
170.. 6 U 0
25.. 5 - 12 6

376

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

.\ MH:.
YOKGE STREE'r-Continueà
Pauln.all 8wtJcgey.,.., .... '...
WiHiam Panonwr ....... ......
Temple McBeath '-0,.._. ....,
UPPER GEORGE STREET
Rolahd Mc
e
es ............,.
Henry Tost ....................
Mrs. Swan .....................
Joseph Jackson................
Thomas Briouish ,..... .... ....
JORDAN STREET.
Georg-e Catton..... _....... ....
William Gucd.. .. ...... .... ....
W. A. I::\mith ..................
Robert Panit......"...........
BAY STREET.
Rev. James Richardson..... ..
Estate of John Dennis.., . . . . , . .
John Bird .....'................
Hnp;h Carfrae.... .......... ....
William P&trick ..............
John Knott.,., ................
- Witherow...,..........
YORK t'lTREET.
lIu
h Weir ....................

f

Id

..........:.:::::: ::: :
Hutchinson Clùrke ',...,......
Arthur Milligan .'.............
Peter O'Brion , . . . . , . . . . , .. . . . . .
Thomas Sklllington. , . . .... . . . .
James Townsend ..,..........,

amup,l To:Jdd .........,..,..,.
L. Priestn1an ....,......,.,....
William Morrow.........,....
i
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l:
:: :::::::: :: :: ::
Dr. Robin"on .......,'...."...
William B. Walker. __ . .... .. . .
Mr/'!. Archer..., . . , . . . . .. . . . . . . .
John Kenrick...... .....,...,.
William Hudson ,...'.,...,..,
John Lee..."...... ... ,.... ....
James Woodhead.......... ....
Henry Stephens................
HENRIETTA STREET.
James AdalDs...... , . " .. .....
William Molesworth.. ... ..,.
'fhomas Gray..... ......,......
Thomas McMeinck ..,.....,...
Mr. Lavey..... .... .,. .,.., ....
Ed ward Moloy... . . . . . . . . , . . . . .
Richard Hanlan .'........,....
Thomas Connolly... , , , . . . . . . . .
James Smit h . .. . . . . .. . . . , .. . , . .
ONTARIO STREET.
J fI mes A ddy ...............,... 1.,.. 1 2.. .. .. '. .. .. .. .. .. " ..
f

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d:.:::::::::::::: .1:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ï:: :: :: ::
Christopher Elliott. ....... .... 3 a.. .. . _ :......,..,....."...
Thoma", Summera ...........,. 2 1.. .. ., 1....".. ...,'.,..,.
Mrs. Stinson . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. . 3 1.. .. .. 2....... . ...........
J8.IOCS Francis ............,... 1 1.. .. " .., ..................

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:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: . 2 :: :. :: :: ::
Patrick Hiues.................. 1 1.. .. .. .. .. '. .... .. '. .. .. " .,
Jamp.8 B(lddy .................. 1 1.... " .. .. .. .' .. .. .. .. .. '. ..
Patrick Redmond.............. 1 1.. .. " .. .. ,. '. .. .. .. .. " " ..
Thomas Burke................. 1 1.... " ............ _....... ..
Mrs. Larkin'. . . .' . " .. . , . , .. . . " 1 1.. .. " .. .. .. .. " .. .. .. .. " ..
GEORGE ST. CONTINUED.
John Hain.....,................ 1.. .... _. '. .. ...,.......... .
JohnDepo.,......,............. 1 1.. ,....... ............ ......
Joseph Smith ...,..... ' .. . . . .. . 2 2" '. " .. .. .. '. " .. .. .. .. " ..

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t:::::::::::::::: It ,0:: :: :: I} Il:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
William Amos. .. '" . .. . . .. . . . . 1 __ .. .. '. 1........ ..,....... ,
'1 h<Jmas Birchall ....... .. .. ... 1....... . 1 5.. .. .. .. .. .... .. .
- Hamilton...... ...... .... 1.... 1.,..........,..,.. .....
David J orda.n . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . 1 1 ... .. .. _ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
J. G. BEARD, Secretary.

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1 1.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., ., .. .. .. .. ..

...

I
170.. 7
85.. 5
170.. 7
no.. 6
85.. 5
170.. 7
85.. 5
85..5

85.. 5
no.. 6
120.. 8 ..
85.. 5

no.. 6
185.. 1 ..
1,0.. 6 ..
150.. 7
250.. 9 ..
85.. 5
85.. 5 ..
85.. 5
140.. 1
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112..

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85.. 5
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110., 6 "
85.. 5
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85.. 5
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85.. 5
3..
255., 9
195.. 7
305. .10
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255.. 9
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85.. 5
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85.. 5
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1,336. .13
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85.. 5

17 S
12 6
17 6
15 0
12 6
17 6
12 6
12 6
12 6
15 0
1 0 0
2 6
15 0
17 6
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17 6
1 2 6
12 6
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12 6
11 6
17 6
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17 6
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: 12 6
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13L519

T..ANDM.ARKS OF TORONTO.

377

- ,
CHAPTER CXXI. " teens Wir iam Henry conceived a pas
ion
THE LAWN. r or a sea.faring life and ru
nin
away from
- home procured a c:lde\.
h!p on board aD
'l'be Zxee.UTe Counell OOlees A.nt'r tile I EJ.st Indiaman Wh , ere he r.'main. d unt:l he
War or Isn. was eighteen years old. He t:miarkted to
II The Lawn," in the òavs of Chief Justice AmerIca Buon IIfterw-.:rJ and :rrived in
Draper, was. a rough-cas
o
e sto
y house: I Uanada early in the !';ummer of 1820, then
a neat and picturesque bulldlDiZ, which stoaa in his t\\ entit:th year. B,_ in
of manly
a.
the north wef>t corner of Wdlin_t, n and bearing and good attainments he secured
York streeti'!. After the war ûf 1812 it was I employment as a
chool teach
r at Port
for a. time the old councIl chamb.r foraoout I Hope and followed this vocation for seTeral
fourteen years, from about 1840 till 1854, years. At this time Mr. Thomas \Vard, b.
it was the lesidel ce of lite late Chief Jus- practising b",rristt'r in Port Hop(', took an
tice Draper and his family. It was built interest in the J'oun
man and offered him a
\\
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'Th
LQurn

..bout 1806 by the Hon.
(bert Hamilton of I place in his (
ce if hE'. coul<!- gain admiEsion
Queenston, who
tone hmewas "Lieuten- tothe ]awsl'cle.v. Returnmg to Port Hope
ant of Lil coIn" for in 1804 there were he continued his studies with Mr. \Yard
"Lientenants ()f counties" in Uppn Ci!n' da. until 1825 when he entt'red the (,ffice of the
Afterwards th,. house was soid to the Hon. , Hon. Geor
e Bou1ton. While here he waif
John Markland and by },im 'JaM to the late appointed D' puty RE'gistrllr of the unit<d
Chi(f Justice Dr,'per. The house fronted I counties of Northum
erland and ,Durha!n.
Market, later \-Vellington street and was Durin
the same tlm
he marr1ed M
ss
hidden from the publ.c view by a fence White, daughter of Captain George Whl
e
insidp (f which were a row of trees, while of the Royal Navy. In 1828 he passf>d his
opp'>site the entr...nce was a large weeping I f>xamination 'l.t York a.nd was call{d to the
willoW'. bar.
lr. Draper had been only a
hort
William H('nry Drapt'r was the Bon of I time at the bar when AtTorn. y-General
Eng1ish parents and was 001 n in the Surre,Y I Jol1n BeverlE:Y R(
binson ha
occasion to be
subm bs ( f Lrndon, Ma.rch II h, 1801. HIs at the Co burg &ss:ze!l. A bn<:f prep,ired for
father was the Rev. Hlnry Draper, a cler- him by Mr. Dri'per in a caae he waH con-
gyman of the Church of E
iZJand. In his ductilll!: showed BO much kuowlediZe and

378

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

;kill that
he Attorney-General at once
made an offer to the compiler of a good
position in his office which the yuun
barris-
tel' ac cepted. H,. removed to York and en-
tered on his duties with the Attorney.Gene-
ral openin
up to himself an avenue which
led to his future success in life, In 1829 he
was appointed reDorter of the Kine-'s Bench,
Draper's reports are evidence of his work

s a reporter. In 1830 the Benchers of the
Law :::ìociety appointed him one of their
body. In politIcs Mr. Draper was a Tory
a.nd in the exciting elections of 1836 he wall
a candidate for the
uffrage of the e1ectors
of Toronto and was returned to represent
the capitJi.l in the Assfmbly. This was the
be
inning of his political life. In 1837 on
the recommendation of Lord Glenel'!, the
Colonial Secret.a.ry, Mr. Draper was ap-
pointed Solicitor-General In the autumn
of 1837 Mr. Draper was appointed a member
of the Executive Council After the resjg-
nation of Sir Franci.il Head as Governor the
incoming Governor, Sir Geor
e Arthur, on
&SSUmin
office appomted Mr. Draper his
aide-de,camp which appointment he con-
tiBued to hold durin
the rebellion, and in
1838, he was appointed Colonel of a York
battalion. In 1840 he was made Attorney-
General as successor to Mr. Hagerman, who
was appointed to the bench. Directly after
the proclamation of Union took effect.
Ee.rly in the spring oi 1841 in accordance
with the bill introduced into the Briti:sh
Parliament two years before by Lod Jchn
Russell, Mr. Draper was appointed by
Lord Sydenha.m, one of the genrlemen of his
Executive Council. Thus Mr. Dra.per who
had been all his life a pronounced Tory and
before thE' Union had occupied one ot the
highest offices of state, became a member of
of a coalition ministry after the Union,
many of the members having been pronoun-
ced Reformer!!. At the request of Lord
Sydenham. Mr. Drap 'I' retained his office
()f Attorney-General for Upper Can add. for
a brief period, sharine the leadership of th'3
Ministerial party in Upper Canada with the
Hon. S. B. Harrison. In 1843 Sir Chl:Lrles
Metcalfe having bc>en appointed Governor
in place of Sir Uharles Bagot the successor
of Lord Sydenham a new ministry was
formed in which Mr, Draper w
Attorney-
General for Cavada 'W est. In
e elections
of 1b<< Mr. Draper was returned as repre-
sentative for London_ For some time Mr,
D.'aper was a law partner of Mr. Hagerman
ander the firm name of Hagerma.n & Dra-
per. Both at the bar and in the House Mr.
Draper acquired on account of h s melliflu-
ous tones and winning manners the soubri-
quet of c. Sweet William." Atter the arri-
val of Lord E'
in in the country as Gov-

ernor pa.rliamentary life became distasteful
to Mr. Draper chi
fly on accúunt of Lord

lgin's Liberal tendencies and in 184-7 he
withdrew from parliamentary life and ac,
cepted a seat in the Queen's Bench of which
court he 'was appointed a puisne judge,
June 12th., 184:7. In 1854 he was made a
Companion of the Ba.th. In 1860 Chief
Justi.ce Draper presided in the Court of
Common PJeas at the hearin
of the John
And
rson ex ra,
ition case, when the judg.
ment of Chief Justice McL
au of the Queeu's
Belich was reversed and the prisoner given
his I berty. Four
/ears previous to this,
on February 6th, 1856, Judge Draper haa
been promoted from the Queen's Bench
where he had served for nearly seven years
to the Chief Justiceship of the Common
Pleas to fiU the vacancy caufled by the re-
tirement of Sir James Macanlay. In 1863
Judge Draper was appointed ChIef Justice
of the :::ìenior Court. In 1869 he was ape
pointed PreRident of the Court of Appeal.
He died at his residence in Y orkville, No-
,.tmber 3rd, 1877, and was buried in St,
J arnE's' cemetery. Maj;>r Dra.per, son of the
Chief Justice, W&.8 for years the Chief of
Pøjç_eoCl'QrOllt9 a!1.d J:
o::g,
lIiz
d tha_t
e-
pa.rtment, making material
nd beneficial
changes. He re
ired on account of ill-health,
and now resides in Los Angeles, Cal. (1889).

CHAPTER CXXII.
THE CENTRAL SCHOOL.

The Old 8chool Do""e That 8tood oa ..e
t:erner oC A.delalde aDd JarvI II I!!treetll,.nd
1t8 Mølltera.
The Rom:\n <:atho1ic School, in the old
days, stood at the 80u:;h.wesr corner of
Richmond and Jarvis streets. The District
school was located at the south-past corner
of March, Stanley, or as it is now, Lombard
street. Both these landmarks have already
been described. The third of the popular
schools in the early dates of the century,
was the Central or Nation
l School, located
directly on the north-wpst corner of Jan'is
and Adelaide streets. Mr. Appleton was
one of the first teachers at thb school, and
at a later date Mr. Spragge. In the Cen.
tml the girls were up,stairR and the boys
downstairs. The entrance for the girls was
bV the side stairs, runnin
up the north side
of the building from Jarvis street, or New
street. The entrance for the boys wa.s
through a big
ateon AdeJa:de street. The
lower floor of the Central had large foldinr
doors, 80 that the two rooms could be
thrown into one. Mr. John Fenton, . liter-
ary genius ofthe day, wAs at one time Mr.
Appleton's assista.nt teacher here. Between
the boys attendin't the Central school and

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

37é

t
e boys of the Grammar school, difficulties, I Cathedral to recite their catechi8Iß. Sir
of course. arose, and on many occasions I John Colborn
'8 sister-in-law, Miss Y oun
,
feats of arms, accompanied by considerable and Miss Fanny Dixon, afterward. Mrs.
risk to 'ife and limb, were performed on Westmacott, dau'thter of the late Alexander
both sides. with sticks and 8tone8 Y ouni- Dixon, were enthu:siaøtic promoters of the
sters, ambitir Ui of a character of extra dar- I Sunday school, they loth tll.king a lea.ding
ing, he.d thus an (lpportunity of disti"iui8h- interest in religious matters.
ing themselves in the eyes of their less cou- In George \\
alton's directory for 1833 is
rageous comp:miol:ø. The same 'Wouid-be the following e.dyertisemer.t: "York Cen'
heroes had many s
ries to tell or the perils I tra10r National School at tbe corner of
to which they were exposeà in their way to N ewgate and N e'iV stree..... His Excellency,
and from school. Those of them who came Lieut.- Gov., pa.tron. Hi. Ex
ellency being
from the western part of the town, had, ac- I desirous thM the course of instruction at
cording to their own showing, m?rtal ene- this scboolshould include all the branchu
mies in the m' n of Ketchum's tannery, wi, h I usually comprehendeù in a $:tood English
whom it was nece$sarv occasionally to have educa.tion, ha.s directed tha-t it be conducted
an encpunter, while those who Jived in in the following manner. Bpy,,' school,
the east of the town, narrared, in respon8e, I First Department, Jospph SpragJi:e, master,
the atta.cks eXperienced or delivered by English, rea<1.inli!:. WI itin
and a.rithmeti
OD
themøelves,inpassin
Shaw'sorHugiil'"brew. ' the principles of Ball &_La.ncaster ;St:cond
e
J 'MI'. Spra
qe. tbe master of the Centrdol Department, J. T. Wilst>n, headmaster.

nt-'-'SC'.L
-<. 'r"" "0
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0 (

p., (.,"Y
illllllJ., ID_ æ
1
: II' m; = ,!rif';f -il-Irl II g ( I l,

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school, had eDjoyed th
superior a.dvantal{e I E IIi!:1ish reading, writing, arithmetic, En
-
of a regular training in En
land &I!I an in- li,.h damÞ1ar, book-keeping, elements of
structor to the youeg. Thou
h not in Holy geography. Girls'
chool, Rebecc.1. Sylvea-
Orders, his air and costume were those of I ter, mistress. English reading, writinl,
the dignified clergym<\n. Of the Central arithmetic and drawing. Scbolars &l'e to
school, the words of Shen.tone, spoken ot pa.y $1 per quarter. No family to pay for
a kindred establishment, b came ia one I more than two ehildren at a time whatever
point at all eTents. true to the lettieI' : be the number attendil1
. Parents are re-
o. E'en noW &&gacio\ls foreaight pointB to quested to send children regularly in u
shew I neat and decent an order as their circum.
A little bench of bishops bere, stances will permit. Free tickets ofinstruc-
ADd there, a chanceUt>r in embryo, tion to children of parents who cannot pal
Or bard suhlime. II may be ha.d of Archdeacon John Strachao.
A dabbath school wu held in the Central I or Lient. Col. Joseph WeU.. Received in-
school buildjn
under toe auspicetl of tbe Btruction in year endin
April 30. 1833,
Church of England, and eVl!y Friday in boys, 402,
rls, 23å." At present in actual
Lent tbe øc:hol&l"a were marched te the attendance, boys, 200,
ls. 138. T et1

380

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

similar to this is the advertisement in the
city directory of 1837 which read &I follows:
.. CentrAl or National School of Upper Can-
ada, situa.ted in New street, City of Toronto.
His Excellency, the Lieutenant-Governor,
patron. 80y B School, First Depa.rtment,
Joseph Spragg., master; English readIng,
\\ riting and arithmetic on the principles of
Bell & Lanca.ster. Second Department.
J. T. Wilson, mat'lter; En!;lish reading, writ-
ing, arithmetic, English grammar, book-
keeping, .lements of geo
raphy, etc. Girls'
School, Rebecca Sy:veatf'r, mistress; English
reading, writing, arithmetic and drawing.
The ..cholars to peLY one dollar per quart.er
for im'ltruction. Free tickets of admission
to the children of parents who are unable to
pay for their inl!truction can be had at al'1
time by applicatiOn to the Hon. and Vener-
able John Strachan, D. D., Archdeacon of
York, or to the Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph
\Yella at the King's College office, corner of
King a.nd York streets. It The Central school
wa.a divided int.o two apartments on the
ground floor; one wal that ot Mr.
pra'_'
e,
and the other that of Mr. Wilson, who after-
wards became an Anglican clergyman
The boys used to a.ssemble for prayers in
Mr Spr:Lgge.s 1'0011". William Helliwell, of
Highland Creek, was a pupil at this school,
One day the leader of t.he tandem team of
an EllgÜsh officer who was driving by broke
loose irom the ha.rn{'ss anrl plun
ed throu
h
the ODen doors into the school room to the
great- cona: ernation of teachers a.nd pupils.
A son of Mr. Spragge became, in 1870,
the Chancellor of \Vestern Canada, after
rising with distinction through the several
graùes of the legal profession, and tilling
previouf\ly also the post of Vice. Chancellor.
Mr. John GodfrtjY Spragge, who atbined to
this eminenc.e, and his brothers, Joseph and
William, were likewise pupils in their ma-
turer years, in the adjoinIng and more im-
posin
Royal Grammar or Home District
School.
Across the road from the play-ground at
York IItreet, on the south side, ea.stwa.rd of
the church plot, there wa.s a. row of dilapidat-
ed wooden buildings, inhabited for the m?st
par' by a. thr\ftlelis and noisy set of people.
Th;ø L;roup of hou!es w&.s known in the
achool as "Irishtown," and "to raise Irish-
town" mea.nt to direcL a snowball or other
light misE<ive over the play-ground fence in
tha.t direction. Such an &Ct was not infre-
quently followed by an invasion of the field
from the insulted quarter. Some wide
chinks, established in one place here be,
t.ween the boards, which ran lengthwise,
enabled anyone, ao inclined, to get over the
fence readily. Once two men, who had
quarrelled. in one of the buildings of Irish-

town, adjourned from over the road to the
play-ground, aceompa.uied by .. few appro v-
iD
friC!nds, aud after strippin& to the skin,
had a re
ul&r fight with fist.. .Uter some
r"unds a number of men and women inter-
fered, and inducp.d dte comhatants to return
to the house whence they had issued forth
for the settlemen t of their dispute.

CHAPTER CXXIlI.
THE COFFIN BLOCK.

Tbe DI,,'.ry or aD 01(1 Pile 01 Bulldlnel-
'1'be Birlbplace of tbe 0111 SIR,;e Coac:b.
The Coffin Block known to everyone in
the city, wa.s better known in 1830-35, when
part of it was tåe headquar'ers of \\' illiam
\\' eller's line of Itages, which ran east and
west with the starting poin' from the little
office that fronts II t the elto8tern end of the
block, the entrance to which was, so to
I!peak, at the open of the angle. The main
buildiIig was for a long time the wholesale
warehouso of Isaac Buchanan &; Co., and
they contit.ued in occupancy
i1l1845, \I hen
they remond their business to Hamilton.
They retained their Toronto office bu.ineøa
till June ao 18-16. In later days Bowes,
Ewart & Hall were
(nant., and Miller &
Foulds, both dry goods, and l\jr. James
Scott, a confectioner. had a shop on the
block next to W plIer's from \Y ellington to
Front streets, durin
the troubles of 1837,
and he was well patronize I '" hen the militia
patrolled the city durin.! the rei'tn of terror.
The upper portion of the block "as used as
officera'-quartera, the office 8 sleeping bere
and dining at the Wellington Hotel and at
Mrs. Dunlop's on King stred. In 1S48
Jamc! :\]cIndoe had his dancin
academy in
the rooms over Scott's. McIndoe was a
famous Scotch dancing matter, who visited
Toronto every winter and iave lessonll b
dancine: and deportment in the British
Coffee Honse, in the Coffin Block and over
the shop a.t 'he south-west corner of Y on
e
and Adelaide streets. He had as his assis-
tant", neat, dapper little fellow. name James
Thomson, or as he was popularly known
.. .Jimmy" Thomson. \\ hen
1 cIndoe
retired from business Thomson started an
a.cademy of his own, in the old court hOlose,
on Church street. Ma.ny of the Tenerable
mothers of the present day will remember

ith plea.sure both these profelsors. The
roof of the Coffin Hlo
k had and still has
stretching trom the east to west the sign
" W ellil1
ton Hotel." The hotel was on the
north-west corn' I' opposite, and the upper
rooms of the Coffin Block were made use of
as an annex to the hotel, which at an earlier
date wall known as the Ontario House. The

T..ANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

381

Coffin Block, however, was better known i I I by daylight on the L:!.k..: Road during the
conneciio,l with \Veller's line of stage3. It winter s 8,son.
wa
indeed a busy scene when the stages for I In 1847 The King3ton Argus comments as
Ha.milton, King:;ton, Niagara. and other tollows on Mr. \\' illiam \\' eller's st<tges:
points, loa.ded up with their livery freight ' ''The Toronto sta
e now generally performs
every morning &nd started on wh tt weu d b
the distance between that p!ace and King-
now considered A wearyiug journey. ston in 28 hours, m"king a faster rate tha-n
How slow travelling wa.,; in the daya of has before been done exc pt by express
stage coa.ches may be learned from the ad-I This impl"oved travelling ca.nnot be attribu-
vertÏsements of the perio.!. O,le reads that ted a.ltogether to the good roads, hut in a.
" On the 200h of September, 1816. a stage I great measure to a. determ:n.
tion of .Mr.
will commence running between York a.nll Weller to perform the dlstd.nCe in as ähort a
Nia.gara.. It wi 1 leave York every MûndaYJ time as po;osible."
arriv
at .Nla,ga.r,tOLl Thursday, and li,)ave j In 1850 the following m:J.il and stage
QueeD,wß ..very Friday. The baggage iil to cOÅChes wert
advertibed to leave l'oronto,
be eona;.ð"",ed at th3 risk of th. owner. and eaatwa.rd, for Kingston :-The E:\stern mail
'....,
l /r
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Bloc K

n 1" o.To 'I t Fro ..it CA.-
the far
to be paid in adva.nce." In 1824 1
tage leaves the 2enera.l
ta,
e office a.t the

p. malls wer: conveyed the ume distance junc'ion of Front and Wplling
on streets
em .An
,
"ter m three days. A post offi
' daily at 6 o'clock p.m. ; Oshawa-another
adverhsemen
for tenders, signed \ViUiam I ;;tage leavf'8 the S8,me office for Oilhawa
Allan, P.M" reads :-"The mails a.re made ñ'lily at 3 p.m.; Rouze-a st!\ge I a.ves
up her . (York), on the afternoon of Monday
troud'8, Markpt Square, for the R n u7e
a
d ThUlsday, and must be de1ivered at I da.ily, SU'ldays ex,'epterl, at 4 p.m. : M'lrk.
Nla.ga
a on the 'Vednesdayand Saturday h 'm Vi ' lllge-a stage Ipavp
Arnott's, Clyde
fo
low
Dp:, ..and within th

ame pe io 1 in Inn, Pa1ace street, daily, SU'l(iays excepted,
returmng. In Ifs35 Mr. William Wellt!r I at 3 pm., wes ward, for Hami ton The
was the p oprietor of a. line of stag.:>s be- westprn maill'lta,ge by Dunrlas strf'et, lpave,e
tween Toronto and Hamilton, known a8 the Ha.milton and Lake Simcoe M il Stage
.. The T..legraph Vne." In an advertise- uffic, Liddell's buildings, Church stre
t,
ment h
eng...ges to take pas,>engers throujEh daily, at 6 p.m. In winter a. accolld stage

382

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

383

. , ,(', -:

3S4

T..AND
I.ARKS OF TORONTO.

l
aves the fa.me office for Hamilton t;'Ïa the
L
ke Shore road, dai y, a.t 9 am.;
StreetsTille, a stage leaves Kello
g's, C ,1-
borne street, daily, Sunrlays excepted, for
S 'rpetsvil e, at 3 ,-"clock p, m. nortÞt'rn for
Hollaud L'\Ddingo A stage in connectIOn
with th
ste...m 'r Morniny, on Lake Simcoe,
leaves the Simcoe stage office, Liddell's
l.uilrlings, Church street, dai y, Sundays ex-
cepted, at 7 o'clock a. m. and at 3 o'clock p.
m. Another staga in counectioll whh the
lòteamer Boaver on Lake Simcoe, leaves the
\Yestern Hotpl daily at 7 o'c ock a m,; Pine
G:'ove-:\ stage leaves the staRtcJ offi.:e Lid-
dell's bui dings for Pine Grove daily at 3
o'cloc:.. p, m., Richmond Hili. Thornhill and
York Mills. Th .re are also sta{!ps for Rich-
1:lOnd Hill, Thornhill and York Mills, leav-
ing the M,
rket Square daily at 4 o'clock
p. m.
Another manager of a stage line about th

same time as Mr. \Veller was Vilarles
Th'Jmp,o:J, who ran a northe:on line. The
stages were cumbroui affairs drawn by four
horses with dela
s at variom points along
the line. They were aiways crowded, and
f.r this reason most of the people from
Hamilton, \Vhitby, Cobourg and other
p!ac
s who owned horses and carriages, pre-
ferred to drivd to the capit;
l in their owl.
ou
fit8 and 8p..nd a few d:
ys here.
rhJ
",tl\,bles of Welle's line were at the south-
east corner of Front and Church stJoeet;:.
'lhJ Coffin House belongpd to the Ewart
e!tate. At one time Mr. Bethune, the boat
owner, had an office in it. Th
buildinO'
derived its ominous namt; from the fac;; that
it was bnilt to conform to the gore form d
by Wellington, Front and Church streets,
and thÏ;:; on one side assumed the shapJ of a
CJffi J. J:; was bu It of brick, it is still
stauding, and is used f.,r offices and various
business purposes.

CHAPTER CXXIV.
TWO PLANS OF THE TOWN.

The EarUeat Map of the Sf'Ulemcnt, ail
I:ald out by (;õlpl. Gotlu-r .U
,un In 1'788,
and Surveyor I!imUb.1'j M
,p of 179%,
Flv, years ago, dUl"lng a search in Lon-
don f II' documents bearing on the boundary
of the Provinc
of Ontario, a m 'p of Toron-
to harLour and a plan of a p"opo.'
ed settlt;.
lIJent on it wl-re found, which had been
ex_'Cuted Iß 1788 Y Captain Gother M LOn,
aa E l
lish (,fficer, who;;e name is II.lso
f IUn 1 ill a d()
ununt dated L,>ndon, No-
veml,el" 23, 1791, rè'lating to the d
f 'nce<
of Canarl,
111 the directio', of L k. Cham-
p'a 11. TIJÌ3 map is en tit! ed, ., A plan of

Toronto H'rbour, wi h the proposed Tow,:
and part of the Settlement. Quebec, 6.h
D,c.,1788, Gother Mann,Capt Uommand-
lllg Royal Engineers" A copy of this plall
is shown iu the accomp,mying m"p. Alone<
with this p1an was a repol't subm
tted by
J. Collins, Deputy Surveyor-Gen
ra.l. to tn('
Ri!tht Hon. Lord Dorchester, Governor-
General and COUlmander-in-Chief in Bli'ish
America, on the milirary poSts and harbours
on L1.kes Ontario, E!'Ìe apd Huron. This
rep:>rt says, "ThJ harbour of Toronto
is near two miles in length. from th

entrance on the west to the bthmu

between it and a !arue morass on th
east
ward. The brPoadth of the entrancp. is about
half a mile, but the navi
able channel for
vessels is only about 500 yards having trom
three to three and a half f lthoms of
water. The north or m:l.in 8hore the whole
len:!th of the ha.rbour is clay b"nk from
twelve to tw.'nty fee:; high and rbing
gradually behind apparently good land and
fit for settlement. The water is r9the

sho II near this shore having- but on:> fathom
dppth at 100 yards di-ta.ut, two fathoms at
200 yards distance and when soundpd the
wa:;ers of the lake were very high. There
is a good and safe anchorage everywhere
within the harbour being either soft
or sandv bottom The south Rhore
is comp-;'sed of a great number of
sand hill'3 and ridges inter,.ected
with swamp!! and small creeks. It i, of
uneq'jal breadth from a qu,\rter of a mile to
a mile wide across from the harbour to the
lake and runs in length to the eastward fi ve
or six miles. Through the width of the
isthmus b
fore mentioned or rather nearer
the north shore is a channel with two
fathoms of wat 'r and in the mora.ss there
are 0: her channels from one to two fathoms
d ep, From what has been said it will ap-
p
ar tha.t the h
rbour of Toronto is ca-
D ,cious, Bafe and well sheltered, bu t the
êm;rance being from the westward is a grea.t
dlsadvanta.ge tft it as th
preVailiD{! wind
is from this quarter, and as this
it'! a f.\Ïr wi..d from hence down
the lake, of course it is that
with which ve'1sels in general would tJ.ke
their departur
from tI.is p
ace, b,
t they
may ireq nen: Iy find it difficult to gdt out of
the harbour. The shnalnéss 0: the north
shore, as bAo"Po mark
d, is also di3advdon-
ta::;eous as tu erecting wha.rves, quays, etc.
In regard to the plac
as 1\ mi'i:ary post, I
do not see any very strikìJ)
ÍeaturèS to re-
c0m:nend it in that view, but the be;;t I!ltu-
ation to occupy for the pu'pose of prott;ct-
in
th . settlement of the harbour would, I
conceive, bp on the p)int npar the entrance
thereof." Thii map of Capt'1Ïn Manll's is

[)
E

STREE
FOR A JI\JII\t.S ANTH
POUND E.LlIOT LAPI\6.
I
HOSPIT
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DANIEL SSI . -Q, 5 c. H
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TIEI\S JOt-\rI
TOti 'U 1'1
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CONTINUATION OF LOT STRE.ET ANTOINE 1

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CONTINUATION OF HOSPITA L .sT.

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CONTINUATION OF' KING ST.

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TORONTO.
LANDMARKS OF

385

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386

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the first made of the harbour and site of
Toronto. From the destruction of Fort
Rouille or Fort Toronto in 1759 thfJre had
been no settlement here. Still it i8 evi-
dent from occasional mention of the
location that it was rega.rded as the prob-
able Sl';e of a settlement at some future day,
and at the time oÎ the division of toe
Province of Quebec into two Governments
there were men at Quebec who expected
that a settlement would spring up h 're, as
is seen frflm the fact that M. Rocheblave,
Captain L,joree and Captain Bouchette en-
deflovonred to secure Jarge grants of land in
this loca ity, but unsuccessfully, because of
the transfer of the land
ranting power
from Lord Dorchester's Governmf'nt to
that of the new province of Upper
Canada. This explains suffidently why
Captain MaDn took the trouble to
sketch out this oi
in 1788.
Commenting on Captain Mann'!! sketch,
John Cha.rles D
nt sayS: That the sketch
of the islan:l and the s01l1orlings in the bay
a'! given bv Captain MaDn arf'l very inter-
estiD
and the comse of the Don delineated
by h:m shows that the present princip...l
outlet of the river was artificially made. It
used to b
known &" t.b.e L ttle Don, and
was understood to have been in the otiain
Bimply a shallow channell!coop'd out across
the narrow bank of sa.Dd as a short cut for
fishermen and others desirous of ascending
the stream. Toe route oi the Indian p..th
or " Road to Lake La Clie," along the
vaHey of the Humber is also marked out.
Like Simcoe, Dr. Scad ding says, has been
known by that name since 1793,
U but previously spoken of by the
French sometimt's as Lake Siniun or
Sheniong, ßometimes as Lake Ouentironk,
Ouentaron and Toronto-the very name
which is so familiar to us now as appf'rtain-
iog to a locality thirty miles soutllwa.rd of
thi$ lake. The French also in their own
tODgue sometimf,s designatcd it, p
rhaps fur
Borne rf'ason connecteù with fi.hillll op-ra.,
tions, Lac aux Claies. Hurdle Lak
. Thus
in the Gazetteer (If 1799 we have Simcoe
Lake. formerly Lac aux Claies. Ouentironk
Sh 'niong, situated be' ween Y 01 k and Glou-
cester, uP,)ß Lake Huron; it has a few
small islan.ìs and sever,LI good harbours.
Anrl ag,LÏn on another p \ge of the same
Gazetteer we have the a;,tic1e, Toront') L'1,ke
(orToronto)L\kple Clie (L'Lk aux Claire) w&\,s
formerly so called by some, others callerl
the chain of lakes from the vbinity of
M,.tch...da-h towdr.IB the head of the Bd.Y of
Quiut., the Toronto lakes, "nd the com-
munioatiC'n from th' oue to the 0 her W'iS
called the Toronto River, whilst in ano her
p1a.ce in the Gazetteer we have the informa.

tion
iven us that the Humber W&8 also
styled the Toronto Riv r ,thus, Toronto river.
ca.lled by some Sr. Johns, now called the
Humber. This region 1S a. cla
sic one, re-
nowned in the history <If the Wyandotte or
Hurons, and in the early French missionary
annal!!. In the early report ot the Jesuit
fathers this area. figures IHrgely. III School-
craft's .American Indians th", scene of the
s1.ory 01 Aingodon and N aywadaha is laid
at Toronto Ly which a spot near Lake Sim-
coe seems to be meant aDd not the tradmg
Dost of 1:'oronto on La.ke Ont.:lrio" The
Humber was I!ometimes called St John

river flom an early settler or trader loc Lted
there. Other thiugs of interest may be
mentioned in re!ati(Jn tothis plan of C,.ptain

lann. The map shows the number of the
buildings includwd within the pa.lis.
sde of the trad in
post of the
old Fort Rouille to have b
en five.
Tne re
a.ins of these were without doubt
plainly to be seen when Cllptam Mann made
his lIurvey less than tbirty y, aI's aiter the
desÞ'uciiol1 of the old fort by the eVllcuat-
iDg French. Another thing that may be ob-
served iB the ortho{11aphy Turento adopted
by Capt.. in Mann. 1 he name Is spelled
variouslY, but the most frl quent and earliest

pellmgs are unqllf'stionably in favour of the
fo m TOlonto. Historians of this neigh-
b mrhoo!! have investhra.ted this matter
quite exhaustively, and the form Toronto is
the one arrived at as the correct Indian
spelling. The word in the Indi'.l.n lan-

uage means the "place of meeting,"
Roman Catho1ic priests in the seven-
teenth centu'y trans'ated the native word by
lieu ou uy a beaucoup de gens. In French
lIIapd of 1752 Toronto denot d Lake Sim
oe
and the surrounc1ing region, but before the
destruction of Fort Rouille that trading
post was also known as Fort Toronto and
the name had also been applied to the
Humber Ba.y and the Humber River. Thus,
it ca.me that the name was not dlfinltely
fixed to a
malliocalitv but covere I a large
at'ea of territory traversed by the natives in
their pass Lges from Lake Sime'oe to Lake
Ont 'rio. Gabriel Sag"rd, in his Dictionnaire
de la Langue l1uronne, published at P.Lris
m 1636, gi VI'S the form Toronton, and trans-
lates it lly en a beaucoup. In Lahoutan's
vocabulal y of Humn wordB the t...I'm n.p-
ppars as Aroronton an'} is tl anslated Beau.
roup. SaQ'nrd a so gives the to!'m Otoron-
Ion. In F ench and Endish documen t8 the
word appears in several fqrms. Toronto.
T rento, Toranto, TarentC'. Taron-
to, Taronton, Toronton, the variatiol1s evi-
dently I e
uiting from an imp rfe
t under-
!Standing of the Indian langu,tve, or from
the con. us IOn of proDouncin", sy,l..bles ao

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

387

nearly alike in three lan,!uages. Sir
Richard ßonnyca'itle gave currency to an
idea that Toronto or Tarento was probab y
the I1ame of the Italian military engineer
who built the old fort and COI ferred upon it
his name, but the officiai name of the' fort
was Fort R ,uille, and no engineer of any
such name is known to have been in Upp.'r
Canada. Another conjecture which has
quite as little founda.tion, is that the
India.Q term Toronto means II trees
rising out of the water," whereas it is clear1y
proven that it does not. The almost certain
explanation of C.,p
am l\hnn's orthography
is tha.t he being unfamJiar with the word
made a mishke in spellin
it, and this
view is coufirmed by the fact, 1 hat in a later
rep'}rt written by himself. October 29.h.
1792, he spells the word Toronto. Among
the ba'i!ele
s interpretations of the deriva-
tion of the word Toronto which have been
pur ill circulation is that oÌ Lieutenant Coke,
who in his .C Subaltern's Furlough," gives It
as a corruption of Ronde d'eau, adding, "It
i& so-callt:d from the circul"-r bay upon
whose marlZin the town 's built." Los
ing,
wbo has made .,everal error,; in regl
rd to
Toronto localit es, savs, in his II Field Book
of thEl War of 1812," that the word is cor.
rectly Torontah, .. trees in the water,"
and so he says the French called the old
fort when thëy built it
Copies oi Captain M'lnn's map and report
were 8ent in 1884 by Mr. Thomas H Jògins,
Q.C., from London, to Mr. W. B, McMur-
rich, Chairman of the Oeneral Semi-C n-
tennial Committee. Captain Mann's map is
a wholly ideal one, but it is the earliest
map of the projection of a town where the
city of 'l'oronto now stands, and it is curi-
ously like the plan really adopted in the
layin
out of the town in 1793.
In the journal of Mr. Chewett. chief
drau!:!'ht
man in the fir;;t Surveyor-General's
office or Upper Canada, is an entry of a plan
sent to him by Lieutenant-Uovernor Simcoe,
of the town and township of 1'0['01 to, with
an inquiry as to whether it was eVer laid
out. It is probable tha.t this was the plan
of Captain .M,mn. There is no record of
Mr. Chewet 's answer, but that no such
town 1>lot wa.s ever E;uryeye(l or laid out is
celtain from the fact that Augustm jon"s
makus no allusion to the fac!; in his note.
b()(\k when he speaks of the plan of the pro-
posed town of York in 1793
Captam Mann'splan i
very similar to that
adopt.t.d five years later by Governor Sim('oe
by which the town was actually laid out,
There are the lie' fect'y regular
qua['{;s, the
common set apart for vari"us publ c uses,
the ranges of lar
er lots funher nort!).
east and west, and the øtrip of ground along

the b
y shore re-erved for the IZovernment.
In 1793 the appellation Toronto which ha.d
been borne for m"rc than a century by D
tract of which tbe p 'esent city was pa.rt
when the site was d finitt:ly fixed up 11 a

the future capitai of Upper Canada, was dis.
placed by the name Y.,rk and at the same
time the bay of Toronto btcame the b
y of
York and the surrounding township the
townE;hip of York. .Previously for a time
the district had borne tt.e name of Dublin
in the records of the ::mr'veyor-G,'nera
's
office. Wi h this the story of Capt. Mann's
map ends anð other surv, yors come upon
the scene. The map of enlarged Y Irk
is dated June 10th, 1797, and is the first
mhp of the town giving the possesso s of the
town lots. Whatever' ma.y have bet'n the
fate of Cðptain .Mann's map, its
xi",tence
undoubteùly was not known to Augustus
J ones, an earìy pl'Ovincial land sur'nyor, or
to L'eutenant-Colonel Joseph Bouchette. In
1791 AUglls u, Jones surveyed the whole cf
the north shore of L.
ke Ontario, and the
termini of his exp orations when marking
off the concessions, are Toron 0 an'l the
Trent, head d the Bay of Quinte. In the
spring of 1793 Joseph Bouch..tte, comman-
der of the Onondaga. cilme to Tóronto a.mi
engaged in a Burvey d the harbour, which
he ilssumes to be the first made. Hp says
of it in his .. British Dominions in
North America." U It fell to
my lot to mike the first survey
of York harbour in 1793. T...ieut..Governor,
the late General Simc ,e, who then resided
at Navy Hal', Niagara, hayjnJt formed ElX-
tensive plans for the improvement of the
colony, had resolved upon layin,! the founda-
tion of a provincial capital. I was at that
p -riod m the n \Val service of the llkes and
rhe survey of Toronto (York) harbour was
entru
trd by hIS Excellency to my pertorm-
ance. I slill distinctly recollect the un-
tamed 8spect which tne country t'xhibited
"hen fir,;t I entered the beautiful basin
which thus b' came the scene of my early
hydr'oJtraphical operations. Dense and
trackless forests 1 ned the margin of the
lake and reft 'cted their inverted image
in its gla.s
y surfaoe. The wander-
ing sa\'age had constructed his
ephemeral habit ,tion beneath their
luxurious foli
e, the group th"n consisting
of two fil milies of Mississagas, and the bay
and neighbouring marshe:; were thEl hitherto
uninva'l\ d hannts of immeuse covey::! of wild
fowl. In(leed they Wlre 80 abundimt as in

ome mea'i!ure to annoy us during he night."
In 1793 the work of cutting OUt streets and
roads for the new town ....as undertak 'n by
the Queea's Rangers, undE:r the dire\:tion of
Oolond Bouchette, Augu"tus Jone. aDd

1#..

388

LAND.MARKS OF TORONTO.

Governor Simcoe himself. According to
Dr. 8cadding the town plot ori
in8olly
m80rked out consisted of the little square
bounded on the south by King street, on
th, north by Duchess street, on the east by
Ont8orio street. and on the west by George
street. Thh W80s quickly extended to com-
prise the land induded between Palac

street, formerly King street, ParHam. nt
street, Lot street 80nd New street, 80S may be
sepn frem the accompanying map of 1797.
The SpdC
between the bay 80nd the most
southern street ot the town was set aside 80S
a Government reserv8otion, and on it the
first Parliament house was built. The onlv
private re
idenC3 built on this, at thiq earlÿ
period, was the Small homestead which is
btill st8onding. The names given to the
original streets, have a dIstinct monarchic8ol
fh.vour. King street originally the souther-
most street of the town, was named after
George the Third, the then reigning mon-
arch. Thé name was shortly afterwards
transferred to the next street north, which
h80d previously borne the name of Duke
street, that in turn being moved one street
farther north. Duke street was n80med
after the D'lke of York. P8oJ8oce street was
so styled, bec80use it led to the P80lace of
Government or P...rliament build-
ings. It ha'l since become Front
str et, and the n80me is only
commemorated in a newly la;d out strèet
east of the Don. Duchess street alluded to
the Duchess of Y..rk. Lot street was so
named from the line of puk lots which ori-
ginaI.y extended alon
its north rn side.
E lSt of Ontario street wa.s Parliament
s1l eet, so named b(caus9 it led to the
hou
es of p8orliament. Ontario street re-
cei ved its app
II8otion from the Ia.ke.
Prince
s strèet, according to Dr. Soaddin
,
Wa.s originally cd-lIed Princes street in
honour of the 15 children of George the
Third. Caroline btreet commt moratecl the
wife of George, Prince of Wales, afterwards
G 'orge the Fourth. Fred('rick street was
given the Christian name of the Duke of
York, and George street that of George
Prince of \Vales. New street was s:> c80lled
because it marked the extreme w(stern end
of the town and was a new street by a few
years in compal ison with its neighbours.
S
v(>ral of these streets have lost their
origin8ol names. 'fhe street named after the
unfortunat
C8oroline of Brunswicot now
bears the name of the old town of 8h<.'r-
bJurne, in D.Jrsetshir', famous as having
bf'en the See of a bis
10p in Suon days, and
oIÏ!{inaI.y the English home of the Rideut
jamilv. Nt"w street has become Jarvis st,
from -Samuel Peters J.uvis. For a time the
portion of this atnet between Kin
and

,

Queen was c!l.Ued Nelson street, a.fter r
ord
Nelson. Lot street ha.s taken the name of
the Queen. The western extensiou of
thiR la.tter street wa.s originaliy the Lake
road as the ea.stern extension of King
street was the Kingston road.
Having now gìanced over the original pa.ra-
lellogram of whIch primitive York consist
ed, an txplanation of the rèm<linder of the
map will further enlighten the reader.
This map, as its inscription implies, is the
plan of the Hon. D. W. Smith, Actin
Sur-
veyor-Genera\ for the enlar
ement of York,
as amendea by order of the House, the
President, Pf'ter Russell, in Council at
York, June 10th, 1797, pl'Ojected in lots
containing an 8ocre, more or less. First of
all it will be noticed that the new Front
street and the old Palace street have been
united under the mclu
ive name of the
former, and between this and the bay has
been constructed the modern E"planade.
Another thing that will strIke the observer
is the absence of Y onge street.
Although this great northern road,
110'1'1' a crowded thoroughfare, then
but a straggling waggon track almost im,
passable to vehicles, was laid out by Au-
gustus JODfS as early as 1793, it was not
carried out down to the bay by the first
projectors of the town, nor did those who
laid out the new town shown in the map,
that is the region westward of primitive
York, expect Y onge street
descend to
the water's edge. In the plans of ]800,
Y onge street stops short at Lot street, and
it was after this date that it wa:J carried
through to the bay. In the mdp of 1800,
a range of lots blocks the W80Y of Y onge
street from Lot street, immediately to the
south. The traffic coming àown Y onge
B
reet from the north turned to the {east.
ward at Lot street, and from that road
came down into the town by the To-
ronto street, shown in the map three
chains and seven links to the east of the
Ime of Yon!!e street. \Vhen Yong
street
was extended to the water, Toronto street
was shut up, and the prop:'ietors of the land
through which the northern road now ran,
received in exchange for the space usurped
prop,)rtionate pieces of the old Tort.nto
street. In ISl8 deeòs for these floagments
were given to the owners. At a later period
Upp
r George street, formerly so-called,
now known as Victoria street, wa.s openeJ. &
little to thE" east 01 the vanished Toronto
street, and then the present short Toronto
::-trf\et, which accounts for the little jog be-
tween the",e two streets at Adt'laide street.
Cl.Jsing a. street at th'3 time of which we are
speaking was not a very great undert'iking,
as the str.:ets were nothin,c more than waS!:-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

389

gon tracks across vacant lots and open
grounds meanderinv by the most convenient
route and by no means prt:sentine;in appear-
ance th
modern city street, as might be
inferred from the map lines, In President
Russell's enlarged plan of York it will be
noticed that the eastern sp.ction of the new
district lyin
between Toronto and New
streets is set apart in squares of about l:Iix
acres each for such pub ic uses as a market,
court house, jail, church, school and hos-
pital
l.'hese institutions furnish Bevera.l of
the new streets with name3. Hospital street
is noW Richmond, named after the lJuk
of
Richmond, father-in.law of Sir Perefrine
Maitland, N ewmarket street which ol'Ïgin-
ally derived Es name from the jail,
has become Adelaide street, after
Queen Adelaide. Market street has
been re-named Wellin
ton street after
the Iron Duke. Bay is said to be a. cor-
ruption of Bear street, a name bestowed
oru!inally from a f"mous bear chase a.long
it down to the water. York street was
either named from the Duke of Yo 'k al-
ready commemorated by Duke and Frederick
streets or it may have arisen from the cir-
cumstance that at an early period it was the
beaten track for teams on their way to
York. Graves and John streets are
memorials of the first Lieutena.nt.Governor
of Upper Ca.nada while the third na.m
of
the founder of York was commemorated in

imcoe P!ace,the open square lying between
and south of the two. Simcoe
Place inr\icates the site of the
presmt Parliament Buildings. Graves street
has become Simcoe street, a name some
yca.rg ago extended to \Villiam street, the
thoroughfare northward, nearly in a stra.ight
line with it, which recorded the first Chris-
tian name of Chief Justice Powell. The
squa.re marked Russell square in the map is
the present site of Upper Canada College.
Herl: and there pa.tches are set ap",rt as
pounds for the imprisonmel"t of stray cattle
aud horses. Here and there it will be ob-
served adjacent plots. both in the old and
new town, stand in the names of various
members of the S'lme family. This is ex-
pla.ined by the fact that at this early period
money was l'carce in the new colony and
public officer, took their pay in land or at
lea.st a part of it. Town lots
ha.d but little value, and the compa.rative
worthlessness of land ma.y be known from
the fact that a desirable pa.rk lot of one
hundred acres was sold in 1802 by Augustus
Jones for $800 ca.ah, and he was gla.d to get
tha.t price for it. The name of Augustus
Jones occurs frcquel1tly in documents relat-
ing to the early history of Upper Canada.
There is a roma.nce connected with his life.

In the spring of 1798 the Gazette &.nnounced
his marriage at the Grand River to a
da.ughter oÎ the noted Mohawk warrior
Terrihogah. A marriage with an IndiaIf
maiden did actua.lly take place at this time,
but the Gazette was misinform
d as to the
name oÎ the bride and of her fa.ther, for
Peter Jones, the great \V e
leya.n missionary
among the I"dians, called by them
Kah-ke-wa-quo-na-by, Sacred \Vaving
Feathers, who was the offsprIng of this mar-
riage, thus writps in his autobiography:-
"I \Vas bJrn at the heights of Burlington
Ray, :Cana.da \Vest, on the first day of
January, 1802.
Iy father,Au
ustus Jones,
was of \Velsh fxtraction. His grandfather
emigrated to America previous to the Ameri-
can Revolution and 8
ttled on the Hudson
Rivet., State of New York. My fa.ther
having finished his studies as a. land sur-
veyor in the city of New York, came with a
recommendation from Mr. Co'den, son of
the Governor of that State. to General Sim-
coe, Governor of Upper Canada, and was
immediatPly emp
oyed by him as the
King's D.)puty Provincial Surveyor in
laying out town p:ots, townships and
roads in different parts of the Province.
This necessarily brought him in contact
with the Indian tribe!'. and he learned their
language <lnd employed many of them in his
service. He b, came much interested in the
Ind,an character, so much so that he resolv-
ed to take a wife from amongst them.
Accordingly he ma.rried my mother, Tuh-
ben-ah-nee-quay, dau
hter of \Vahba.nosay,
a. chIef of the .Mississaga. tribe of the Ojib-
wa.y na.tion. I had one brother o
der than
myself, whose name was Tyenteneget-
given to him by the famous Captain Joseph
Brant-but better known by the name of
John Jones, I had also three younger bro-
thers and five Hsters. My fathel' being
fully engaged In his work, my elder brother
and myself were left entirely to the care
and mauagem8nt of our mother, who, prefer-
ring the customs and habits of her nation,
taught us the sup'rstitions of her fathers,
how to gain the approba.tion of the Mune-
doos :II' gods and how to become successful
hunters. I used to blacken my face with
charcoal and fast in order to obtain the aid
of personal gods or familiar spirits, and
likewise cl.ttended their pagan dances and
feasts. For more than fourteen years I
lived and wandered about with the Indians
in the woods, durin
which time I witness-
ed the woeful eff.)cts of the fire-water which
ha.d b8ell introduced amongst us by the
white people. " Augustus, now an ail;ed
mem, wa.s still alive in 1826. and in tha.t
year he wrote from Coldilpril1
s, Grand
River, to his missionary son, at the same

:393

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

time sending him a horse. He says of land at the south-wel:lt corner of Toronto
in his letter :_10 Please to give our aud Adelaide streets, extendin
half way
true love to John and Christina down to KIng strept, and with a Irontalte of
and all the rest of our frienàs at the CreGit. 30 feet on Adelaide street. On this he built
We expect to meet you and them at the in 1819 a two-storey frame dwel.ing house,
camp meeting. I think a good many of our 18x30 feet in dimen"ions. It stood five or
Indians will come down at that time. I six Ïeet back from the street lint:s and was
send you Jack, and hope the Lord will pre- tnclosed by 8.n old-fashioned picket fence
serve both you and your beast. He is quiet three and a half feet high. Duors led into
and hardy, The only fault I know, he the house from both streets. They were ap-
stumbles sometimes, 8.nd Ü you find he <<oes proached by fl ghts of six &teps.
not suit you 803 a riding horse, you can It was the fir.at house in that see-
change him for some other, but a'ways tell tion of the town. Orijzinally it stood
your reasons. May the Lord bless you. in the Latural colour of the wood,
Pray for your unworthy father, Augustus but many years afterward when th9 clap-
Jones." Many of the na.mes of holders d bo"rding was dark 'ned by storm and sun-
lots found on the map of 1797 have passed shine it was paintl:d white. At the rear of
into absolute fOI getiuhless, but many others I the house was a garde'l throu(!h which a
are pel petuated ...itht'l' in descendant
now little creek flowed in a south-ea8terly course.
living or in tfte memory of their survivors Near the house w.\S, in later days, a li
tle
--- shed used by Mr. Humphrey 8.8 a work

-B - --
;-: '.
7 r

_ -:; - -- .' /,' !
' I,
"'!

(<?-.1 e. b ){UrYlphTe.y, }lOU) e.

1819-18tt-8.

CHAPTER CXXV. I shop. Mr. Humphrey followed the bu
iness
CAL.EB HUMPHREY'S HOUSE of a builder a
d contrac
or up to the time of
. I the Macke nZle rebelhon when he re-
The Flr.& Roulle a& '-;e 8outb-we8& ()ornew tired from ac"ive life. He died in
of A.(lelnlde and TOrOD&o S&ree&I, A.f&er- this house in 1841. Aft!'r his death his
wal'dø Ganlde.' Do&e!. I family continued to reside there for
In 1800 Caleb Humphrey. of a Vermont some time and then the house W&S t1\kt'n
family, cam.t! to YorK and engaged in his by I:hmuel Garsides, the son-in-Ia.w of Mr.
trade of carpenter, builder and contract<lr. Humphrpy. He had been a lake vessel cap-
He --W&ø one oftÌ1e pew-holders of1ft. Jamrs' I tain and afterw'lrds!l. bailiff. On taking the
ohurch from its commencement in 1803. In Humphrey homestead he put up a sma.ll
1812 and throuohout the American war he frame aòdition at the western corner on
was 1 he muter
carpenter of the "arrisou. , Adelaide 8t., for 8. barroom. at the same
At the cl08e of the war he obtained a piece time converting the old house into a hoteL

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

391

Here Samuel Garsides lived until about 1848,
when the prop<-rty w
sold and the build.
ing torn down. For some yearr. the site W&8
u
ed as a. stoue yard for buildin
purposes.

lDally the building which now occupies the
site was elected, Of the eleven children of
Caleb Humphrey four are now living, two
80m being residents of Toronto.

CHAPTER C.xxVI.
BANK OF MONTREAL.

The Bank or tbe Pt'eple wbl
b wal Mer=r;ed
Into tbe Bank of Houtrenl and Ule BoUd.
Ins!! OC!
opled by tbese 11I1&ltolioU8.
O-lië--of-tlie '"ëii.rIiesr1ìi1ãiíciaì iÎÏÍ:imutions
in Upper Canada Was the Bank of the
People, established at Toronto pre-
vious ,to the outbreak of the Mackenzie
rebellion, and occupying tbe brick building
at the north-west corner of Bay and King
strpets. The bank fronted on King strett and
a flight of steps led up to the door. It wa.

wellli
h:;ed by windows on the Bay street
side. For the convenience of the m;tny
G
rml\n settlers on upper Y onge street,
Markham and other neighbouriD
places.
the bank i88ued bills with the denominat.on
printed in both English aud German char-
acters. These are the only ba.nk notes
ever issued in Canada in two languages.
Dr. Rolph was at one time
president of the Bank of the Peo-
pie; the late Sir Francis Hincks
was ca.ahier and the late James Leslie was
an officer. Down to 1842 the late Joseph
Wenham was manager. A year or two be-
fore this the Bank of Montreal had bou(!ht
the charter of the Bank of the People for
the purpose of convertin
it into one of ita
brancht:8. In accordance with tbi3 plan the
name was ohanged in 1842 from the Ba.nk of
the People to the Bank of Montreal, and
the institution was placed under a
new mana
ement. The late B:mjamin
Thorne, at that time an extensive gra.in
merchant, became ita president. The late
Hon. John Crawford, for some time gov.
ernor of the province, was director and soli-
citor, and the la.te Willia.m Wilson was
cashier and manalZer, having been sent to
Toron1iO from the parent ba.nk at Montreal,
which was established in 1818. The prem-
ises at the corner of King and Bay streets
were retainsd until 1845, when the
bank was removed to the north-east corner
of Front anå Y on
e streets, where a sub-
stantial stone structure ha.d been erected
after the design of Mr. Kivas Tully. The
buildin
was 4.8 feet long 1-y 44 wide, and
three stories high above the ground. design-
ed in the Palladium style with semi-circular
beaded windows and French rusticated

joints on the ground storey with sub cor-
nices and pannelled work dividing the
ground from the upper stoties. Tbe win-
dows on the one pa.ir storey had carved
trusses supportinQ. enriched moulded win.
dow heads. The windows on the two p'Air
storey had plain moulded arohitraves with
ha.ndsome mou1ded siUs. The cornice wa.s
dentilated with enriched foliated f8.8cia..
The arms of the b'tnk occupying the centre
portion on the Y onge street front were
ca,rved in basso relievo with carvet! trusses
supporting the same. The entrance to the
bankinv room was formed undprneath a
handsome Roman Ionic tetrastyle portico
with stone steps. The bui!din
was en-
closed by a hand
ome iron railing with cut
stone piers on the angles. Both the
fronts were of cut stone from the
Thorold limestone quarries. After
the removal of the bank the King street
building was used as club chambers and for
vears was frequented by the officers of the
G
rrison. Afterwa.rds it wa
o.:cupied by
the Blakes, Joseph C. Morrison and Mr.
Connor as law offices. Then it W&8 leased
by Thomas Brown and for years was known
as the Metropolitan hotel, noted for having
one of the mostcourteouslandlorddiu the Do-
minion. 011 Mr. Brown lea.ving, th
build-
in" was leased by the oliginalMa.il Printing
Company. This company went into bank-
ruptcy and Mr. Riordan, who was a large
creditor, first leased the property and later
purchased it from the estate of the Hon.
John Ross. On the re-organiza.tion of the
Ma.il the building was toru down aud the
present fine edifi
e erected on its site. The
Ba.nk of Montreal carried on its business in
the building erected by Mr. Tully until a
few years ago when it wa.s torn down to make
way for the present magnificent structure.
In the corner stone of the first buildin" a*
Y onge and F.ont streets was inserted a
brass plate, now preserved at the bank.
This is the inscription on it :-" Thi, first
stone is laid by Benjamin Thorne, Esq"
President, on the 14th day of August, A.D.
1845. Directors in Montreal: The Honour-
able P. McGill, President; the Honourable
Joseph Masson, Vice-President j T. B.
Anderson, William Lunn, J ames Logan,
William Molson, Joseph Shuter, John Tor-
rance, John Fry, John Redpath, John
Molson, lla-rrison Stephens, John Brooke,
Esquires. Benjamin Holmes. Esq" a.<<sistaotl
cashier, Toronto Branch; Benjamin Thorne,
Esq., president; John Crawford, Esq.,
director: Wïlliatr. Wilson, Esq., cashier;
architect; Kivas Tully; John
Ritchey, builder. The present build.
ing of the Toronto branch of the Bank of
Montreal altb.ough Dot so imposiq exter.

392

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

""'--.,---

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

393

nally as the Greek facade of the
home bank has the finest interior
of any banking institution in
the Dominion. It is built of Ohio stone
in the French renaissance style. The build-
in
which is one storey, is 60 x 90 feet inte-
rior measurement and 45 feet high. '1:he
banking office is 58 feet square. The light
is admitted by a. magnificent ðome contam-
ing about five hundred superficial feet of
stained
lass, divided into eight spct!ons
with minor subdivisions. The desi
n
embodies an allegorical treatment of
the gll.ardian of the gold in
which an cagle is represented as in the act
of clutching the gold, while another animal
of huC{e proportions not belonging to any
known genus of zooloey defends it. These
are represented on the main scroll in the
Italiall renaissa.nce style. In the centre &ore
eight circles eoutaining emblems of the pro-
vinces of the Dominion, with an outer panel
festooned with fruit and flowers. The colours
are striking and effective. The foundation
of tbt'l fresco work of the ceiling is on wire-
cloth corrugated lathing. The pattern is
octagonal, and the main ceilIng supportmg
the principals forms a cobweb design which
is thoroughly interlaced wirh all thp mould-
ings intersecting of three different sizes and
carrying in each seven ennchments. The
main cornice is hunQ', as well as the mould-
ings, in corrugated iron lath!!, having thir-
teen enrichments set off with a handsome
friez3 thirteen inches in depth. The walls
are covered with lincrusta-walton and
finished in trowelled stucco. The m3.nag
r's
room iiJ panelled in the ceiJine in squares,
and highly enriched. The ceiling and walls
of the banking (,ffice are done in warm
yellows, reds, bronze and gold, and the
colour,. althQui{h striking, are in harmony
with the variegated light from the dome."
CHAPTER CXXVII.
THE CROWN INN.

TIle Bui1dinll: at the Corll.er or IUnK aDd
Mark'"
trf'f'ts-Onc.. a Hotel aod also Oc-

.ptf'd by N"ewøpaper Om('es.
In 1820 a cabbagtJ garden occup:ed the
plot of ground at the south-east corner of
King and East Market streets. At
tb8.t time Thomas Moore cond ucted a
tailorin
business in a small frame build-
ing at the north-east C')rner of King
and Princess streets. Six or eight y,'ars
la.ter Joshua Beard erected on the ground,
previou;Jly devoted to the cultivation of
cabbaeee. the brick buildmg now standine
a.nd occupied as a store, at the s uth-east
earner of King and East Ma.rket streets.
Mr. Bea.rd was in 1833 a. deputy sheriff, and

was afterwd.rds well. known as owner of ex-
tensive stove works in the town. He lived
in a small, comp!l.ct hou3e, with a pleasant
flower-garden in front, on the north side of
King street, some distance east of
Bei.'keley street. On the completion of
Mr. Bea.rdJs new buildin
, Mr. Moore
left his shop at the corner of Kill
and
Princess streets, and moved into the new
buiidin", when he op
ned a hotel and also
continue i the tailoring business. The new
hotel was know!1 as the" Vrown Inn," and
its sign was a crown. No stables were con-
nected with it, and it was in no sense a
farmers' hotel, its principal p.ltrona
e being
from town paople. Here Moore kept a
public house eight or ten years. The

round floor was then taken Ly Wil-
liam Henderson, who removed thither
his grocery store from t he building
adjoining that of Alexander Legge, on the
north side of King east, Since then the
building has been occupied by many tenants.
On an upper floor of the buildine, while it
was occupied by Moore,George Gurnett pub-
lished the Courier somewhat later than
18
1. Mr, Gurnett was sub3pquently Vlerk
of the Peace and Police Magistrate for the
city of Toronto. H
re also Mr. Dunlevy
published the Mirror, and on the Market
Square si:le of tl'le building may still be read
the sign: ..
firror Printing Office."

CHAPTER OXXVIII.
OSGOODE HALL.

The Temple or Jm
tlce Devoted to the Sop..
rlor Courts or Ilpper Canada, With a
Sketch or Chlei JOIUce 08=r;00de.
Rev. T. Raddish came to York at the ex-
press desire of Goverl1or Simcoe, and wa3
expected by him to tak!ô.: a position of inau-
ence in the young colony of Upper Canada.
Habituated to thf' amenitieiJ and conve-
niences of an oM community, he quickly
discovered that the society of the
colony W8.S not suited to him,
or that he wa.s not suited to
it. He remained at York just long enough
to acquire the title to a good many acres of
land, a part of which was the third park lot
W6st of Y onge st. In 1826 the southern
portion of Mr. Raddish's park lot became
the property of Sir John Robinson, at the
time Attorney-General. Of this land he
gave to the Law Society of Upp -1' Canada
six acr
s for the erection of a builrling for
law courts. The Law Socit>ty of Upper
Canada was incorporated in 1797. Tue six
8.cres given by Sir Johr:. Robinson are now
contained between Queen st, on the south,
Osgoode st, on the north, Chpstnut st. on

394

RKS OF TORONTO.
iLANDMA

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the east and University st. on the west. In
the midst of this plot, facin
Queen
street, and commandin
a view down
York street to the bay, stands
c. The Hall ,. as it is commonly cal ed b).
membE'rs of the legal pro:ession. one of the
most stately and imp sin
edifices in the-
city and architecturaLy one of the finest
temp'es of justice on this continent. The
olJest portion consisting of the east wing
of the preaent building was begun in 1829
under the supe:'vision of Dr. William 'Var-
ren B l}.l wiu at that time treasurer of the
Law Society. It was not com{>leted until
1832 when the first convocation of benchers
within its walls took place on the 6th of
Febl'u
ry. It was a p
ain square m'J.tter-of.
fact brick building two and a. hali stories in
hei
ht. In 184446 a corresponding
structure was trected to the west
an<Ì the two were united bV a building
between. Burm:)untell bv a low dom<>.
In 1857.60 the whole edifice underwent a
renovation; the dome w IS removed; a very
handsome facade of cut stone was put up;
the inner area of Caen stone, reminding one
of the interior of a Roman palace, was added
with the court rooms, liLrary and offices all
en a scale of great beauty and dignity.
Since the comp:{;tion of the front in 1860
further additions at the rear and various
;.mprovement8 have been made, and the
building is now the headquarters of the
Superior Courts in this province. In ac-
cordance with the wish of the donor of the
land this temple of Themis was named
Osgoocie Hall in honour of the Hon. William
Osgoode, firs' Chief Justice oi U ppe:' Can.
ada. The p:nentage of ChÍ\:f JU8
ice 0;;;-

oode is involver} in my-,tery. Dr. Scadding
mentions Ih It Garneau in his history of
Canad.-I. says that he was an illegitimate son
of G 'orge III. Thp.re is LO doubt that he
was in much favour with the King when
fZrown to be a young man, and at the time
of his appointment to the highest judicial
office of Upper Canada all colonial
judicial appointments proceeded directly
from the Crown. Mr. David B.
Read. in his "Lives of the Judges" does not
allude to hi
parentage, but gives the date
and place <)f birth as bein
in England, in
the yea.r 1751. He was called to the bar of
Lincoln's Inn, November 11th, 1779. At
the aile of thirty-s
ven he was appointed
Chief Justice of Upper Caua-da and with
Governor Simcoe set out for the new Pro-
vince, one as its civil and the other as its
juaicial head. The first mention to be
found of the Chief Justice in his judicial
capacity is that on Augu'it 23rd, 1792, he
presided at the Court of Oyer and Ter-
miner, held in the town 01 Kmgston.

in and for the District of M cklin-
bur
. In Augu3t, 1793, he again presided
at the :::ourt of Oyer and Termmer in
Kingston. After this he prcsided at New
Johnstown, N iaga.ra, and Cornwall. Ac-
cording to Mr. R2
d, Chief Justice Osgoode's
active judicial <Ìud
s in Upp
r CJ.nac1a com-
menct:d in AU(I'ust. 1792 and terminated
D 'cember, 179
. Shortly after which latter
date, on the 24th oi Februlry, 1794:, he was
appointed Chief Justice of Lower Canada.
Mr. R
ad quotes in corroboration of this a-
letter of congratulation published
for the first time in the
Septemb>r. 1886, number of a L'mdon
perio,}ical, entitled: .. The Pump Court,
the TemDle Newspaper and Review of LJ.w
Literature and Societv Art and the Drama."
This is the lettel" : .
The Immortal Jupiter,
Temple Coffee Ho., 15 May, 1794.
Th> Immortal Jupite!' congratnia.tes the
Lord Chid Justice Oi'goode on his aDpoint.
ment: Snowdon Barrie (president). Nat.
Bond, J. Floud, B. Ba.the, Wm. Pott, W.
Syer, V.P.; E.lward Cotton, T. Partington,
Ri.,;hard Se::ard, Jno. Fondret, H. Tripp,
H. C. Litchfield.
To the Honourable William Osgoode, Chief
Justice of Quebec.
ThE' letter came from an English club of a
very lofty name. Chief Justice Osgoode
remamed in Quebec until 1801, when he
reshzned the chief-justiceship and returned
to England, when he died in the Albany
r,ha.mbers, February 17th, 1824, aged
seventy years. 'Ihe sHies of portraits of
chief justices. chancellors and judges at
Osgoode Hall, pa.inted by .Berthon, of To-
ronto, lacked the portrait of the man after
whom thi
palace of justice was named un.
tillate years, when Dr. Scadding prol!ured
a copy from the or'ginal in th> possession of
Capt. J. À. Simcoe, R. N. of Wolford in the
County of D
von,from which the Law Society
has been pna.bled to adorn the walls of
Os!!oode Hall with a lIkeness of the Chief
Justice, pa.inted by Berthon. The picture
presents an English gentleman of the period
of GeorfZe the '.rhird, with a handsome and
intellectual face. 'fhp. portrait must have
been taken when he was a voun
man. A
gentleman who knew him says of him:-
cc Thp. Chid Justice was grave and some-
what difficult of acceS3. Durin" his resi-
denc3 at Quebec he ma.de himselÎ esteemed
and respect
d a.s much by hii high intelli-

nce a.s by his inte((rity and frankne..<\S of
character." A popuhi,r designation of 03-
goode Hall long in vogue was .. Lawyer'.
Hall." The Law Society of O,goode Han
was incorpora.ted in 1822, The seal bean
a pillar on which Is a beaver holdiDa a &Croll

396

L\ND:.' ARKS OF TORONTO.

'?

I,
I

oJ.

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

:m

inscribed MI!Iogna. Cha.rta. To the right and I pears from the followin
record,
left are figures of Justice and Strength. which is also interes
ini, aø gi.-ing
Duri n 2 the Tisit of the Prince of \Vales to many familiar name3, and also
Canada in 1860, an entertainment was given as showing thøt" .Muddy Little York," W&S
to him a.t Osgoode Hall, on which occasion dhrnified by the p
ople as "The City of
at ilight all the a.rchitecturallines of the (']t- York." '.rhe record reads:-" Persons
terior of the building were brillia.ntly elected at the town meeting held a.t the
marked ont by rows of minute gas jets. City of York, on the 4th day of March,1799,
Here in 1862 were held the funeral obse. pursuant to an aCG of parliament of the
quies of Sir John Robin::õon, the donor of province, entitled an act to provide for the
the ground on which the hall stands, anà nominatIon and appointment of Parish and
afterward the àistinguished Chief Justice of Town Officers within this Province. Clerk
Upp2r Canada. In the library is a fine of the town and township, Mr. Edward
portrait of him in oil. The street to the Hayw!õ.rd. Assessors, includin<;t also the
eJ.8twa
of O-goode Hall w
s__ oriKï...

lly Town::õhips of Markh -m and Vaughan, Mr.
named Sayer street by Chief Justice Robin. George Playter and Mr. Thomas StoyelL
80n. Colle.
or Mr.Archibald Cameron. Overseers
of the hi
bways and roads and fence Tiew-
CHAPTER CXXIX ers- Benjamin Morlev, from Scadding's
Bridge to Scarborcugh; James Playter,
DR. THOMAS STOYELL'S HOUSE. from the Bay road to thE' Mills; Abraham
Devana, circle of the Humber; Paul Wileot,
from Big Creek to No. 25 inc'usive on
Y on(!e street and ha1t Big Creek bridge.
Mr. McDoug-al and Mr. Clarke for the dis-

The Re8ldeDef\ of aD Early York Innkeeper,
One Promlaeu," A.lso Cor Reform.
Followìñg close upon the pioneers wllo
establishp.d the settlement of York, came

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DI'. Thomas StoYf-ll, an immigrant from the I trÏct of the cit., of York. Pound-keepers-
United StatE's. He had received his degree Circle of the Don, Parsha.ll Terry, jr.;
in medicine, but it is doubtful whether he Circle I)f the Humùer, Benjamin Davis;
had ever practised in the States; here, at CirrIe of Y onge street, No. 1 to No. 25,
a.nyrate. he did not follow his profes"ion. 1 Jas. .Eve,rson; (jircle of the <::tty, et
."
Dr. Stoyell was here as early as the 8prmg James Nash. Town Wardens-Mr. Archi-
of 1799, and at that time had acquired I bald Thompson and .Mr. Samuel Heron.
Drominence in the community, as ap- Other officers elected pursuant to the 12th

398

LAND
iARKS OF TORONTO.

clnuse of the said Act. Pathmasters and
Fencp-viewers- Y ùn..!e "<treet, in Markham
and Vaughan, Mr. Stilwell Wilwn, loti 26
to 40; Yonge street, Mr. John H. Hudrux,
41 to 51; Y onge street, John LV0l1s. lots
26 to 35; John Stulz, path master
and fence-viewer in the Germa.n settle.
ment (>f A1arkham; David ThQlnson. cio.,
for Scarborongh. N. B. - vonformaLly
to the reRolutions of the inhabitants no hogs
to rUB at larg ø above three months old and
lawful fences to bp. five feet and a half hikh.
Nich"} .s Klingenbrumer, constt!.b!e. presid-
ing. The following are constablfs appo nted
by the Justices :-John Rock, Daniel Tiers
and John Match fo:sky, for the ci y etc.,
Levi Devans for the district of the Humber.
'Thomas HiiJ, from No.1 to 25 Yonge st.;
Balser Mnncha.w,for Vaughan and first con-
cession of Markham; - SQua.ntz, for the
German settlement of Markham. By oràer
of the Magistrate, D. W. Smith. SUl.:h
cf the above üfficer& a
ha\"e not yet
take n the oJ.th are wa.rneò hereby to èo
so without loss of time. The constables
a.re to take notice that although for their
own ease they are selected from particnlar
districts, they are liable to serve process
gen
rally in the country. .. Not long after
this date Dr. 8toyell hecame the la.ndiorà of
the hostelry formerly hpt by Abner Miles,
and in 1806 we come npon mention of
Stoyell's Tavem. Mr. SLOyell ga.ve up the
tavern before the breaking out of the war of
1812, On his leaving it was taken by a.n
America.n. At the timp. ot the invasion in
1813 this American refused to tnlD out in
defence of York 8,nd the enraged people
stoned his house. After
iving up thi!S inn,
Mr. Stoye11 conducted the brewery at th

south east corner of Snerbourne and Duchess
streets. At an ear,y period he had built a
Ïrame dwelling for himself, standing a
little way back from the roadway on the
north side of King st., on the spot IJ.OW desig-
na.ted ros No. 284 King street east. About
the y ar 1828 he had this house pulleà down
and encted nearly on its location. but
closer to the strtet, the larger bl ick build-
ing now standing there which is shown in
the illustration. Dr. Stoye l's tendtnci 's
were toward Reform, a.nd in the burlef'qne
nominatiuns for office which appeared in
1827, on the occasion when Robert Randal,
M.P., was d<'f-patched to .London as a dele-
gate in behalf of the unnaturaliz'd British
subjects of United States ori
in he wal!
nameJ as one of tbe f,>u
puisne juciges.
Dr. Stoye11 occupied the Kin

treet bl'ick
house until his death, a ter which a priest
of the Roman Ci
tholic chU!'ch lived thf're.
It was then purchased by Mr. Thomas Hel i-
well, who ma.de it his residence. Later i

was 8, hotel and boarding house which it has
con tinned to be until the present time.

CHAPTER CXXX.
THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE.

The OrganlznUon 'Which A.rter an Exist-
ence or HaU n ()....Itury Was Mrr::ed Into
the Public Free Library.
In Colborne street, near Church, stood
early in the centnry a wooden building with.
cupola, - and possessing the distinclioñ of
bing the 6, st structure in York with such
a decoration. This wa.s the Masonic Hall,
nnd a stairca.se on the outside of the buiid-
ing led to the second thoro In this hall were
held the first meetings of the first Mt-chanics'
Institute. and here were given the first
popnla.r lectures. The Mecha.nics'lnstitnte
was established in 1830 under' the title of
t;le York Mechanics' Institute, or Society
for Mutual Impl'"vement in the Arts and
Sciences. It w, s fashioned after the Me-
cllllDics' Institutes iounded in Edinbur((h in
1821 and iu London in IS24. The organ-
izers announced that "the object of this
society shall be the mntual impl'Uvemf'nt of
m,,
han'c" and olhers whu beCf..me menlbers
of the society in arts and sciences bV the
fOl'mation Ilf a library of reference and cir-
cnlation, by the dt'lhery of If-ctnr, s on
scientific and mechanical subj cta, the
estJ.blishmelit of c1assps for the illstruction
of members in the various branches of
study and for conversation on sul'jects
embraced by this .:onstirntion from which
all dh,cussion on political or religions
matters is to be careîul y exc!uded." In
1830 when the MechaDlcs' Institute was
orga.niz d, York had a p' pnlation of 2,860,
Tne fir t offic' bea.rErs of the new iustitute
were: Dr. B'\ld win, Dr. l<.olph, Dr. Dnn-
lop, Ex-Sher tf Jarvis, Jesse Ketchum, John
Ewart, David Paterson. James Le8l:1lie.
'l'he Mechan'c
' Inst.itnte was incorporated
in 1847 In 1850 it bad a W,rary \Jf 1,300
volumes. The subscription P' ice was 7s
6J. The libre.ry W!õ.S open every evening io
mpmbers.
From Colborne I!treE't the Mechanics' In-
stitute moved to the oìd p'J ice conrt build-
in
on Conrt street, which is the buildill({ of
to-day as enlarg
d and improved at various
times.
From there it was moved e.bout 1856 to
the: Mechanic's Institute buildin({ II.t the
north-east corner of Church e.nd ,Adelaide
streets, which is the front part of the prt"sent
public library bui di 1((. lu 1858 the insti-
tute had abont 4.000 volumes and o.member-

hip of 800. 'rhe expenses for the year
were æ851 12
2d, a few pounds less than

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

399

the recf'ipte. 'l'he officers for 1858 were :- 1 On March 6th,1884,the library was formally
:oLn Harrina-ton, President; Rice Lewis, opened by the Lieutenant-Governor. On
Hiram Piper, Vice-Presidents j John Pater- this occa.sion addre'i!setl weloe de!iYt'red by
son, treasurer; Robert Edward!!, Recording I Sir Daniel Wil!On, President of Uniyp.raity
Secretary: J. H. Mason, Corresponding College, the Hon. G. W. ROilS, Min-
Secretary j Jas. Brett,Hollorary Librarian. , h:ter of Education, Proft'ssor Goldwia
On the passage of the Free Library By- Smith and the Rev. Dr. Withrow.
law by the citizrns of Toronto January I, 'fhe members of the first board of manllgerø
1883, a Board was or
an:zed in accordanee I w. re John Hallam, the Mayor, Dr. Gt'orge
with the statute. The Mechallics' Institute Wright, James M \son, John A. Mills, J.;)\m
was mer'ted into the Pubïc Library. On Taylor, W. H. Knowlton, Georjite U'Arcy
taking possession of the building made over I Boulton and William Scully. James BaiA
for the use of t
e Pub.lic Library by the late , jr:, Ch
ef Librarian; John Dayy, assist
u_
Mechanics' Institute, It was found necessary Libril.ru\D and Secretary. The readll

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THE PUBLIC LIBRARY.
to alter the interior so as to aftord space for I room of the new Library was opened March
the present reacUng room, and to erect an 10th, 1884, but no books were issued until
additional building at the rear for the re- I April2nd, when the demand w
so great,tha'
eeption of th
vo:nmes. To c<l.rry ont this it s was necessolory to enia"ge the staft, and
'Work IIpphcation WI\S made to the Council \ dup!lcate and triplicate many books. Branch"
of Torouto for $50,000 in debentures, the ...ere e8tl'.bli-hed at St Anc'rew's Marketand
procet'ds from which were placed to the St. Paul's Hall. Sub5
qnently two other
credit oi the Board. 1'he nomina.', number of I branches were established, making ODe ÍA
volumes pos8e"8ed by tbe :hhchanies Insti- I the west, one in the north-west, one in the
Ate when it beca.me mere-ed mt.o the Public north and one in the eastern portion. of the
Llbra.ry wa.s 8,000. but of the
e all but 2,000 I city. The library no'W contaim about 55,-
were worthies:> or nearly so. In June 1883 000 volumes. ThE' reference library bas
the oflic'3rs of the new institute were ß,P-
:'own so extensive that there is a.n Imper-
pointed, aud in S'.!ptlmber of the same veal' I ative need for more space for its patron8
Chairman Juhn Hallc\.lI.l and Chief L brarian l and a.n enlargement for their conyenienoe
.lames Bain, j r., visit.ed New York and Lon- is now under consideratioll.
cloA for the purpoae of purohasiDR; books.

400

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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CHAPTER CXXXI. I style ofChristia.n Art, and the root of the
pointed or gothic style which delevoped a.
THE UNIVE.
SITY DOOR. celitury or so later. Within the last few
A. Splendid Example or lVormßn A.rchllee- y( ars we have seen a curious revival of thia
.Iure at U. Be.' .-erlod. . I style of architecture under the same name
T
e Ol!"ln en.tra.nce to the
oronto Um- of Romanesque, this revival beginning
verslty 18 a rich and beautIful example I froOl the work of the late Mr. Richardson,
of the style of architecture which reached of Boston.
its greatest perfection among the N ormans l Our new proposed court house and also
in the llth and 12th centurifS. It was in- the parliament bnildings are de
i
ned after
troduced into Envland by William I., and I the mudern treatment of this beautiiul
the best examples of "Norman" architec. style. Our students of architecture are
ture a.re to be found in EnglalJd, Southern I singularly happy in having such a boouti-
France and Italy. ful example as the Toronto Universi y,
This Norman architecture is a development I with its richness and variety of detail, &ud
of the Roma.neEque, the first distinctive the excellence of ita workmanship.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.
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27-Dogs of three months old and upwards ...... ...............,................. . \
26--Wagl/:ons kepr. for pleasure.......... .....................................,......
25-,Curricles. giKs, or (!ther c,1rriRiCflS wit.h two wheels, kept for pI6&8Ure....... .1 1
2t - Phaetons or open ('a1Tiages k pt for pleasure only. with tour w heela . . . . . . . .
23-CloS6 carriages with four wheels, kept for pleasure. ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .
22- Horned cattle from two to tour years old............ . ...... .... .. .. .. ... .., ....
21-Milch cows.,.... ........................ ......,....... . .................,... ,...
2O-0xen of four years old and upwards. .. ....... . -................... ........ ......
19-Horøes of three y('ars old and upwards....,....................................
IS-Stour horses for covering mares for hire or gain. .. , ... .. .. .. . . . . ...... .. .. .. . .

7-Storehouses ... ...................................................................
16- Merchants' shops .......................... . . . ... .
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ló--Additional fireplaces........................................ .... ..., ..........
U-Brick or s:one, one storey, not more than two fire-places. .... ....... ..........
13- Additional fireplaces .................................,..........................
I2-Framed, hrir.k or stone. of two storeys, with not, more than two fire-places..
lI--Additional fireplaces... .......................................... ............ .
10-Squared timher, two storeys .........................,.................. .... ....
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27 Bitches, three months old and upwards ......................... ..............
26 Dogs, three months old and upwards ..................... ..... ............ ....
25 WagJ;1;ons kepr. for pleasure.. , . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. , . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .... ... .
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23 Phaetons or other open e&l'Tiages k pt. for pleasure........................ ....
22 Close carriages with four wheels, kept for p1e&Sure............................
21 Horned cattle from t,,'o to four years old............,...... .... .. .... ...... .. ,.
1 20 Oxen of four years old and upwards....... ........ ................ ....... -....,.
19 Horses of three years old and upwards..... .. ... . .. . . . . '.. . .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. ....
18 Stour horRes for covering mares for hire or gaIn .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . .
11 Storehouses ................ . . . ... .... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. ... . .. .. . . ... . ' . . , ....
16 Merchants' shops .. ............., .... ...... ......... ....... ,..... ....,.........
15 Aðditional fireplaces...... .. .... .. .' .. .. ... . .... ,. . , '. .. .... .... ..., ..,.......
If Brick or s;one, one storey..... ....'......' .... .........."............ ,..,......
13 Adàitional fireplaces............ ........................,................. ......
12 Framed, brink or stone. of two storeys, with not more than two fire-places..
\ 11 A ddi tion
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10 Squared timber, two storeys....................................................
9 Additional firell1a.ces ,......................................................,....
8 Framed. under two storeys.... .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .
1 Aàditional fireplaces, ...... ,. .. .. .. ...... .. .. ...... ............ .. .... .... ........
6 Squared or hewed Umber on two sides, one storey. .. .. .. .............. '" , ....
5 Town lots in the City of Toronto.... .............. .... .... .... ,... .... ..........
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S No. of lot or other designation (if a part, describe which it is) ................

2 Cultivated in Liberty...................... ..............

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23-Close carria.
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21- Milch COW!.......,.............................. ..............................
2O- 0xen from four years old and upwards ......................................
19-Horses of three yea.rs old and upwards ....... .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .... .. ' .... .
18-!:3tour horses for covering mares fer hire or gain................. ............
17-Storehouses ........................... ..........................,.............
16-Mercba.nts' shops ..............................................................
15-Additional fire, places ........................................,'...............
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13-Additional fire-places......... ................................................ ........C'1
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8-Framed, under two storeys. . .................. ...... .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. "
7-Additiona.l fire-places................................... ......................
6-Squared or hewed timber on two sides, one storey.. ...... ........,. .... ....
5- Town lots in the City of Toronto.............................................. C'1........

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and which forms a part of the :::Imltn home.
CHAPTER CXXXIII. stead directly across the road on the south
THE MILLS ON THE UPPER DON . 13 de. In the Scadding homestead, Emanuel
P ayter, the eldest son of John Playter,
was born. Pars1la] Terry was &ccidentai1y
Parshall Tf'rrY'8 Mill" of the Iast Century drow
ell in the Dun in July 1808, while .at-
Rotl &be Ut'lliwell Brew..ry Rntl 111118.r . temptlD&l to cross tha
_
t..r
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n a ßoatlD8
the Early Pari or &he Present One. orh.11l6 116ar wllere Vavit:s' brewery now
In Governor Simcoe's time, two Engli
h- stands.
lr. Terry formerly belon2ed to
mfn, Par"hall Terry and Isaiah Skinner set- the famous Butler's Ran
ers. On the
tIed on the (ast bank or the DOll ill the up- hills to the right above Terry's mills wpre
per valley of tha.t rive I" where it becomes a tht"' fa' ms of tile Sinclairs, very eaflysett
ers
shallow, 1'8pid
tream. and where the sur- from New England, and b
yond descending
rounding's are, on a smd.lløca e, quite Alpine ag-a n into the vallt:y were the h( mes of the
in character. Here Mr. ,}.'trIY built mills. Taylors and Leas, substantic\l and enter-
8ho t:y after his settlement here anà. as pI is I1g emÏlrra.nts from En
land. Isaiab
early Ð.!' 1799 a road tUJned northward a Skinner, who came here with Parshall Ter-
short dhtanc6 ea.st of the Don bridge known ry. took a farm on the upper Don. His
as the' Mill roaù" which led orie-.na.llv to I
on, Timothy. j"ined the
ork volunteers
.Mr. Terry'll mills. This mill road is now in th. war 0 1812and went into the battle
Broadview avenue. It started from the bay of Chippewa but he was never seen

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road, the thoroughfare runnin
along thE' a.fter that fight and it is supposed that he
shore of As},bri<lge's lay. On the fourth of feU or was thrown into the Niagara river
.March, 1799. Mr Terry wa.s elected pound- and carrif'd over the Falls. Previous to this
keep r for the district called the" Circle of event and at the death of Parshall T, rry,
the Don." The next vt"'ar he became "OVf>r- the mills and. other property ownE'd by Mr.
seer (If ways from the bay road to the Mille." Terry pa!lsed into the hand8 of John EAst-
In 1802 1 he phrl\8lO ogy is changed to read woo,! and Colin Skinner. T mothy Skmner
.1 from the Bay road to the 'Don M,i!ls" and h'l.d become thO' pos
eq"()r of (lne of the mills.
in that ypar Mr John Playter wa.s elEcted I After his mysterions disappearance his death
to the office held in the preceding year Ly bf>in!! taken for
rante<.1, Samu"l Sinclair
Parshall Terry. John Playter for a time married his widow. Samuel Sinclair's
durin
the absence in England of its builder hc,use stood on the continuation of Broa.d-
and owner, Mr. Scad(Hng, the father 01 the I view avenue beyond even th . prest:nt limit.
R
v Dr. Hem y Scc\dding,lived in the solitary of the city, It is to be rf>gn.tted tha.t the
house on the north side of the Kingston road old name -of Mill road has been chan
ed to
which overlooked t.he Don brid
e and ferry the fanciful but meaninglesa
ppella.tion of

428

LA
D:MAR.KR OF TORONTO.

Broad view avenue. l'he old name is iar Ea.stwood and .Mr. Skinner were in sympa-
preÏeraòle, but if a chanae were desired, thy with Mr. Mackellzie's political views at
Sca.ddin
street would have been much more this time aud continued to be until they saw
suitable. John E lstwood and Colin Skin- that they were leading \0 open rebellion.
ner were both hrothels.in-la\V of the Helli-
hortly before the actual outbre'ak of the
well brothers, Thom:\s, Joseph and \Vil,jam, I rebellion it is reIat{;d that Mr. Mackenzie
members of a vigorous and substantial Y ork- wp.nt up to the mills to persuade their pro-
shire family, whose head. first settled and prietors to join his force
. Mr. Eaf>twood
commenced mal.uÎac, urillg operations on was not at home and Mr. Skinner when he
the brink of Nia.gara Falls on the C,ma.dian I f'aW Mr. Mackenzie comillg, ran and hid
side in 1818, but in 1820 transterred them- himself so th!l.t he could not be

elvps to th" upper valley of the Don. found. It W,1S Mr. John E Istwood who
Thus this region became a setth,ment of I
ave the name of Todmorden to the YIIlage
tamilies associated in various enterprIses and overlooking the mills. Todmorden, partly
alhed by co-p"rtnership
and intermar- in Yorkshire and partly in L,mca
hire, was
riages. Of this colony 'Villiam Lyon Ma.c- th
English home of the Helliwells. In
ke z e thus writes in his .. Sketches of I the oid country T(Jdmordell is pronounced as
Canada," the time being 1827: '"Aboutthree though it were spelled Tomorden, Mr.
.Jj:il"
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JõHN E d.stwood IS }[OVs e. _ I
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miles c.ut of town in the bottom of &. òeep 1'11.- 1 E-lstwood and Mr. Skinner in 1825
vine, watered by the river Don and boun
ed had started a paper mill in addi-
also by heatttiflli and verdant flats are situ- I tion to the mms built by Mr, Terry. Their
ated the York Paper Mills, distillery and mill wa.s the first paper mill in Upper Can-
grist mm of Messrs. EJ.stwood & Vo. ; also I ada, with the exception of that of Matthew
Mr. Shepard's axe grinding machinery and I C!'o')ks, the f Ither of the la:;e Ministf'r of
Messrs. HeI:iweU's large and extensive Education, in FlambOl ollgh. All paper was
brewery. I went (Jut to view these im- made b} ha.nd in those days. The govern-
prC'vements a few days ago and returned m2nt had off..red a r,'ward of $400 for the
much gratified with witnessing the paper I first p'.per made in the country A shatp
manufacture in active operation as also the I competirion arose between Mr. Crooks and
bold IUld pleasant scenery on the banks of M SSI s. Eastwoud & Skinner as to who
the Don. The river might be made navi- shou d carry off the premium. MI". Crooks
gable with small Expense up to the brewery, " won by a few days but the firm on the DQn
and if the surrounding lands were laid OU1i Wag so close behind him that the govern-
in five-a.ere lots all the way to t
wn they I ment in reward I'emitted the duties on their
wouJd sell to grea1i advantaE!e.." Both MI'. machinery, all of which had been obtained

LAND1tL'\RKS OF TORONTO.

429

from the United :::;tates. In 1832 1 most pa.rt. Mr. WiJIiam Helliwell. one of
hE> built in the hill encircled valley the the brothers mana
ing Helliwell's mills and
stone bouse noW occupied by Mr. at present Fishery Commis
ioner for the
Taylor, Lhe paper ma:mÍ<tci.urer. . At I coumy of York with his residence at High-
the former's death the property came lOtO land Creek, has stood at the door of the
the possession of the Helliwel1s. Thomas I brewery and seen bears, woives and deer
Helliwell, senior, built a brewerv here in moving about in the adjacent fort'st. Olle
1820 on the site "here Taylor's paper mill nie-ht wolv(s killed a d<.,zen of his sheep, one
now IIta.nàs. This was a building of two I of them being killed on the dom'step of his
st0ries, about fifty feet square, constructeduf house. Ret'u'oing home one day from the
stone, brick and wood against the side of the town he came upon a huge bear in the roa<i
hill I:! 0 that the eaves on one side touched near the D n bridge and at other times he
the hill after the manner in' which farm- I l-as frequ
ntly met these and other wild
houses in tht' old Dutch settlements of New animals on parts of the road farther remov-
York Støte were built. Connected with ed from the town, Thomas Helliwell,
the brewery and in tbe same building was a senior. ili"d in 1825. After his death his

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distillery. On the first settlement of I sons Thomas and William ma.naged the
Upper Canada before Idistilleries were brewery, tht:' former conduc'inl:! the business
established here. Jamaica rum was the in town and the latter on the Don. After-
p'rincip.oil drink. In those days the pure ar- I wards the firm of Thomas He:liwell & Bro-
tIcle was obtl!.ina.ble. Hclliwell's brewery thers was organ'zed, the members bein

had a. cap lcity for makin
one hundred and I ThomaR, Joseph and 'Vi'li..m. Their town
twenty bn!'lhels of mash from three to five I office, built by them in 1840 W[lS the buPd-
times p
r week and the distilleries from :if- \ iog IlOW standing at the southwest comer
teen to twenty bu.,hels a. day to whif!key, d King an 1 "r cst Ma! ket stre
ts. The
rye whiskey being the principal liquor \ brewery was burned in 1847 and never re-
made. The region ab:lUt the mIlls at tilis built. The stone w3.1h which remained
tim
was a secluded spot in the modest I stanùing served when covered with a roof
state of nature, a favourite haunt of wolves, for a storehouse. Part of these walls
bears and deer a sp:Jt presEntingdiffi:mlties is stdl standmg. A little farther down on
peculiarly formidll.ble for the new settlers to I the Don was a UI i-t mill a},'o put up by the
grapple with from the loftiness and steep- Helliwdls. It. h..d a cap:lCity of twenty-
IfI'ss of the hill!'; and th9 kind of timber five ba.rrels of flour a day. It 80'80 was
qrowinJ{ thereabouts ma.ssive pines for the burned somewhat subseQuently to the burn-

430

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

in
of the brewery. Close by the side of
the brewery was originaHy a small frame
heuse built by Thomas Helliwell, senior.
T1Jis was torn down and a stone dweldn

put up on its eite. Thie last house was
burnl d at the time of the destruction of the
brewery. Down in the valley
little off
from the Mill road Wi\S another house built
of brick by Mr. William Helliwell in 1837
and occupied by him until 1847 when he
moved to Hhrhland Creek. Thii house is
stUll <;ta.nding. Thomas Helliwell, junio",
died about twenty-five years Rl{O. Joseph
Helliwell died :ast year. William is 8till
living. Shorlly after the burning of the
brewery the Don property of the Heiliwells
passed into tbe hands of the Tay ors by
whom it is now own
d. Farther up in the
region where the Tay
ors and Lea, settled
were the" Forks of the Don" when the
west brd.Dch of that stream seen at York

Hlls ellters the main creek. The hilh in
this neighbourhood are lofty
nd precipi-
tous and the Dines that clothed them were
of a. rpmarkably fine growth. The tedious
circuit whkh teams were oLhged to make
in order to g-et into the town from these re-
gions, by th
Don bl
dge, has since been
ebviated by the creC.lon of more bndgca.

CHAPTER CXXXIV.
BISHOP MACDON-ELL'S HOUSE.

Thf' York Rpliidence of tile Flrll& R.,mall
t;a'h.ÞUc Bishop of Upper
allada at the
C.
orner of .Jarvis alld Dllchess 8,re..ts.
l'lle building ::hown in the accompanying
illustration represent" the hou<e at the
sou: h-west corner of J .rvis and Duchess
strept" which is still standing. This for a
time was the residence of the Hon. and
Ri
ht Rev. Alexander Ma.cdonell, the first
Cd.tholic Bishop of Upper Canada. His
private chapel, once renowned as tl:e "soup
kitchen" wa.s a large frame building near,y
opposite. 'fhis was rf'moved a few years
ago. F'lr a time also Bienop Macdonell oc-
cupied Russell Abbey, once the residence of
President Peter Russell. Alexander Mac-
donell was born J u:y 17th, 1762, in Glen
Urqubart on the borders of Luch Nesll. In-
vernesshire, Scotland. B.:ing debtined for
the church he was at an early age sent to
the Scottish College in Paris anò subse-
fluently to the Scottish College a.t Vall ado-
lid where he was ordained priest Fcbru<lry
16th, 17
6. On lea.vh
Vallado\id he re-
turned to Scotland anti was sta.tioned a!\ a
missionary prIest in the Braes of Lochaber,
whe:oe he rema.ined four or five years. :Mr.
Macdol1ell wail a member of the cla.n Mac-
donell, at one time th(, ID06!; p
wel fill in the
Hi'tblands. It wu one of the Bishop's

maxims that a Macdonell should be either a
priest or a soldier. Of the same f"mily was
Colonel John Macdonell of Scothouse, Glen.
garry, the grandf Ither of W. J. Macdondl,
the
'rench Vice-Consul aL Toronto, the
author of am moir of Bishop Macdoneil
from which the information given In this
articlf' i" principally derived,
Colol\el Mac-
donell was born in 1728 He wa.s sent to
Rome to be e:dúcated for the chul ch but;
insteild chose a soldit:r's vocation and enter-
en the 8prvice of Spain. He afterward
moved to Upper CaDltda. where he WaS fa-
mili .r1y known as "Spanish John." He
died at Cornwall April 15th, 1810, and was
buried in the cemetery at St. Andrews.
The Colon...l was a great friend of the Rev.
Dr. John Strac'han the first Protestant
B!l!hop of Toronto. He WIiS also a great
frien.} of Sir W,lliam JQhneon and \0 show
his apprf'ciation of 1 hat famous character he
nam..d his son, th first CJf the family born
on Amprican soil, \Villiam Johnson Macdon-
e1l. There was also a priest of the same
name, the R
v. Al...xander Macdonell, wbo
W<lS ordained in 1768, missionary at New
J(,hnsou, Upp
r Ca.nada. in 1796; di d at
Moutrea.l, Ju y 9th, 1803. aged 61 years.
Mr. Macdonell the afLerwards Bishop, had
been chaplain (,f the GlenJ.{arry Fencible
R-giment, a Catholic Hie:hland corps org;a.n-
iz
d in 1794. In 1803 1]1-' obtained a fZ:rant
of land for evpry officer and soldier
of the Glengarry Regiment wbomhe should
introduce into Upper Canada. On thisfact
becoming known the Hi
hland proprietord
took alarm and endeavoured bv varioue
means to prevent their p op'efro
emigrat-
in!!, but Mr. Macdonell, regardless of oppo-
sition, tound his way to Upp
r Canada with
his followers in 1803. He may be said to
have almost litentily smuggled tbem away,
so many and so vexatious were the restric-
tions placed Up'JD th ir d(,parture. Mr.
MilcfioneJl landed at Quebec in 1803 and
waS immediately r...ppo nted to the mission
of St. Raphael, Upper Canada. There
were tohen no wharves on the river front at
Quebec; the ship h.y out JD the stream and
Mr. Ma.cdonell wa!;\ cor.slderlng the bp.st
way of getting ashore when a strappin

youn
fdlow waded out to the ship, took
him in his arms as if he had bpen a ba.by
and carried him ashore. Thh strapping
young fellow was John Ma
don
ll, tbe uucle
of the present Fn'lIch Vice-Consul in this
city, a renowned North-wester, who died
about forty years ago at his re-idence Point
Fortune on the 0 tawa. Chaplain Macdon-
ell was a man of Herculean build. SIX feet
and four inches in height ,Hid stout in pro-
portion. \Vhat then must John
acdonell
have been. From
e time of his arrival tb.e

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

431

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

life of Bishop M,wdonf'll is the hisrorv of
the Roman Ca.tholic church in Upper ècl.na-
da. On reaching York he presenterl his
credentials to Lieutenant-Governor Hunter
and obtained the land stipulatld for his
friends. He to!'k up his residence in the
county of Glengð.rry which r
mained his
heailquarters for about twenty five years.
On his arrival he found only three Catholic
churches and two clergymen in the whole
p:-ovince. He set himself w the wOI'k of
building churches and estd.blishing schools
and for more 'than thirty years devoted him-
<<elf to the missions of Upper Canada travel-
ing through a country without roads or
bridges, s(Jmetimes on horseback, sometimes
on foot. sometimes in bark cano
s
fmm the p:-ovince line at Coteau
on-Lac to L1.ke Superior. At this time there
was but one Cath IJic bishop in the whole of
the British dominions of North America;
from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast bein

one diocese uuder the jnrisdictiùn of the
Bishop of Quebec. Mr. Macdonell was one
of the Vicar-Generals undei' Mgr. J Iseph
Octave P essis. the f'levp.nth Bi!';hop of Que-
b
c who succeeded Bishop Dewant on the
latter's death in 1806. In 1816 he went to
E:l(!land. part of his mission bein
to induce
the HomeGovernment to favour the measurE'
proposed by the Bishop of Queb c for the
division of that diocese, in which under-
taking he succeeded to a certain extent.
In Ju y 1817, the Holy See separated Nova
Scotia from the Diocese of Quebec and
erected that province into an Ap')stolical
Vicariate. At the S:lmE' time two other
Vicariates were erected, one formed of
U pp
r Canada and the other of New Bruns-
wick. Prince Ed ward bland and the Maz-
da.len I
Jands. Mr. Macdone'l returned to
Cana.da in 1817. In 1819 Bishop Plessis
was nominated Archbhhop of Quebec Ly
the Holy See,with tvto bishops for suffra
ans,
one for No,ra Scotia and the other for New
Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. The
English Governmen t makin
obj ections to this
s!;at;e of affa.irs Bishop PJ.eðsis went to Rome
in 1820 and Pope Pius the Seventh at his
request allowed him to lay aside this title of
Archbishop until he might choose to a.ssume
it. Accordingly the title remained dormaat
until 1844 wh
n it was revived by Mgr.
Signay and hds since been borne bv his 8UC-
cessor in the See of Quebec, On the twelfth
of JanualY. 1819. Mr. Macdonell wa3 nomi-
nated Bishop of Resina inpartilrKs amI Vicar
Apostolic of lJpper Callada. He was con-
secrated on the 31st of December. 1820. in
the chnrch oi the U I'suline Convent. Que-
bec. In 1825 BÜ,hop Macdonell returned
to England for two principa
objects, to ob-
tain assistance in his dnties and to indnce

the Home Government to withdl'aw its
oppo!i'ition to the appointment of titular
bishop3 in Canada, He 8ucceed
d in both
instances. On th:s occasion he also visited
Rome. He returned to Canada in 1826,
The same year the Rev. 'Villiam Peter M flC-
donel I,
.5cotch ecclesiastic. born in 1771
came to Canada to take charge of Ihr: Bish.
op's intended seminary for ecciesiastic3 at
St. Raphae!s. :Mr. l\hcdoneIl' died at St.
Michapl's pabce, Toronto, on tlood Friday.
April 2nd. 1847. and was buried in the
cathedral on the srCf.p 1 side of the choir.
Upper Canada was erected into a bishoprio
by Leo XII on the 14th of February. 18
6.
and Bishop Macdonell was appoi\ltcd fi,'st
bishop undm' the tide of Re
iopolis or King-
ston. Hisdiocese com!Jrised the present
province of Ontario. which ha.s since been
8ubdivided into the dioceses of Kingston.
Toronto. Hamilton, London. Ottawa. Pem-
broke and Peterborough. On the 6th of
August, 1826. Th(Jma:; Weld, a descendant
of one of the oldest Catholic familieq in
EnS!"land was consecrated Bi-;hop ot Amycla
and coadjutor of Upper Canada. By the
advice of his medical advisers he remained
some years in EIl!!lanà and then went to
R.)me. when ill M lreh 1830 he was nomina-
ted Cardinal by P,'pe Pius VIII. The
Presbytery and Church of St. Raphael were
bUilt in anticip\tion of the arrival of Bishop
Weld, but althou
h fully intending to go to
America he closed his days at Rome, April
101,b. 1837. Bishop M1!,cdonell then obtain-
ed as coadjutor Mgr. R
mi{J'ius Gaulin. a
native of Quebec, born in 1787 \Vh,> after an
epi!'copate of eight years retin'd to his
n;tdve proviMe and died at St. Philom one.
May 8th, 1857, and was buried in the cathe-
dral of Kingston. It was atter BishC\p
Macdonell's last return from Enrope that
he Uved 80t the house on the fouth-east cor-
ner of Jarvis and Duchess streets. Ordain-
erl ptiest at V alladolid. February 16th,
1787. Bishop Macdonell kept his jubilee.
February 16th. 1837.
t St. Raphael's par-
ish ('hllrch. Gleng;
rry, In 1839 Bishop
Macdonell went back to Ene:land. He d'ed
Itt Dumfries, Scot' and. January 14th, 1840.
The remams were taken to EJinburgh. and
after a magnifi
ent funeral were deposited
in the c. vpt of St. Margaret's convent
chapel. Bishop Macdonell was a member of
the Legi!'lati\re Coun il of Upper Canada.
Behind thf' screen on the Ep'stle side ot the
high altar at St. RaphlePs IS a marble slab
erected to his memory by the Highland
Society of Canada.

LAND1.-IARKS OF TORONTO.

433

CHAPTER CXXXV.
A CELEBRATED OASE.

A. Fa
-"lml1e or the Paper
lalmed &0 be
Ihe Will or _t.ndrew Mercer, Une of Ihe
Early Se&Uera 01 Work.
Andrew Mercer came to York at the
beginning of the century, a.nd acquired
large ÌTacts' of Iãnãs. His coÜa
e
stood at the south-east corner of Bay anù
Wellineton streets. Thi.. sketoh is supple-
mentary to the one preTiously given. It is
an epitome of a. once celebrated oa.se
row-
iug out of his large accumulation of pro-
perty, and it may be observed as a curi',us
circumstance that the property which he
obtained gra.tuitom:y from the Crown at
the commencement of the century when it
was comparatively worthle'3s, returned to
the Crown in the latter pa.rt of the century
when it had grown valuable. In 1871
Andrew Mercer died in hIS B tV street
cottage at a very advanced
age, leaving an estate valued at about $150,-
000, As no will was found at his death,
and as no legal heirs were known to the
authorities, his property escheated to the
CI"own from which it had come. Sub-
r.equently however, Andrew Mercer jr,
a. nputed son of the dfceased, and a law
student by the name of Reynolds, founrl
hidden away between the leaves of a book
in the Ba.y street cottage, a pa.per
which purported to be the will
of A
d
ew Mercer. The accompanyin
is a
fac-tnmtle of that d')cument, which was
simply a. scrap of paper about two inches
wide by !Six inches long. The writing was
in pencil. It reads :-" June 7, 1871. In
case I should die before my son should re-
turn or before I will have time to make
my wIll, I wi
h James Smyth
and Charles Unwin to haTe my
estate divided among my wife and
son. And. M('rcer." The chirography
tremul "Ius as whh age, resembled that of
Mr, Mercer. On the discovery of this
pap3r, Me3srs. Smyth and Unwin, the exe-
cutors named in it, brought suit in the
Court of Chancery before Vice.Chancellor
Bhke to determine the validity of the in-
strument and to have probate issued. On
the trial, which la.sted through the 13th,
14th, 15th, 17th, 20th and 21st of January,
1876, the following counsel appeared :-

le:;:srs. B0yd and Thorne for the
executor"" C. Moss for Andrew :Mercer
junior, P. McGregor for the house:
keeper of the late Andrew Mercer, who
claim
d to b, his widow, Mr. Small for R.
D. Merc r, London, England, who claimed
to be. DE:phew of the deceAsed. and C.
28

Robinson and J. D. Ed
ar, for the At-
torney,General, the Hon. O:ïver Mowat.
The case excited the greatest interf'st not
only in worldly but in I eli
ious circles, far
in connection with the suit to determine
the validity of the will, another question
&l'OS
, the two being tried together. This
was as to whetber Bridget, the h(,usekeep:r,
who claimed to be the wife of the deceased,
was :M' s. B,"idget }Iercer or 1\liss Bridget
O'R
ilIy. Her assertion was that she was
married to Andrew Mercer June 25, 1851,
by the Rev. Father O'Reilly, whom she hd.d
brought to Mr. Mercer'l:! house for thp.
express purpose of performing the cere.
mony, and that her son was born a
month later. Father O'Reilly, who was
dead at the time of the trial, ha.i been the
parish priest at the Gore of Toronto at the
time of the alleged marria[!e. The parish
book was examined and in it, on the date
sp"cifi d, appeared the record of the mar-
riag'. The priest being dead, the late
Archbishop Lynch was cal'ed to testify as
to the vaIiàity of the record. He said that
Father O'Reilly was a priest at the Gore of
Toronto at the time and that the
entry of the marriage was in his
hand writing. An examination of the
writing of the record ..as made on the other
hand with the result that the record was
not creåite,1. The res 1 1lt of the trial waS a
decree made January 21, 1876, declaring
that the paper writing propounded by the
executors for probate in the Surrogate Court
of York as being the wIll of the late
Andrew Mucer was not the will
of the saiù Andrew Merc
r and
tha..t the said decree decided all issuee in
the suit in hvour of the Attorney,Gc>neraJ.
Another litigation was induced by the de-
cision, for afterwards when the Crown
undertook to take possession of the Bay
street house, Andrew Men
er, jr ,refused to
go ou t, and then :l-rose th 'l t great case
which went before the Privy CO!lllCil of
England who decided that the
Province had a right to all its escheated
lands. The Crown, however, voluntarily

de _
wa[
of
t:t!iin moni
s and prop
r-
ties, being part of the estate, in behaif of
Andrew Mer.:er, jr., his wife and f..mily.

CHAPTER CXXXVI.
THE MACNAB HOMESTEAD.

Thf'R('IIldenl'e at Yorio: of Sip AUan
apler
MHc
ab, ,,'tah a Sk.etch of Db Life and
Ser,-ice8.
The na ionality of the IIoncestry of Sir
Alla.n N
pier MacNab is indicated by his
name. This name is various'y :;:p
lltd, but
Sir AllAn invariaQJy wrote it in the form

434 LAND
iARKS OF TORONTO,

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here givfn. The 'trandfather of Sir
Allan was Captain Robert MacNab,
an officer in the Forty-second R, 'yal
Highlanders, or B Bock Watch, and he r
sided
011 a 8m dl Estate caJled Dundurn, a.t the
head of Loch Ea.rn, Perthshire, Scotland.
D
nt's Canadian portrait gal'ery contains a
bioO'l'aphy 0 Sir All<ln, from wllich the fol-
lowing skptch of him and his family is
largelY taken. Captain Robert MacNab
hau a son IIamEd Alla.n who, after serving
as a lieutenan t in t he Third Reuiment of
Dragoons, atta.ched himself to the Qu
en's
Ra.ngers and fought under COlonel
Simcoe through the revo.utionary war.
At the cl08e of the struggle many of
he
Ranger
, Lieut plant MacNab amOl'g the
number, retired on half pay and took up
their a bodp in Upper Canada after their old
colonel's appointm' nt to the governorship of
the prO\-ince. Prior to that date Lieutenant
M,,
Nab hail married the youngpstdaughter
of Ca.ptain .\VilIiam N,.pier, comnll
sioner of
the port and hal'bour of Quebec. \Vh':'ll
G >VI rnor Simcoe arrived ill Canada youn"g
MacN <lob followed him to Newark
and took up his residence there,
activg fOI' a time as aide de camp
to the governor. T
le young officer re-
mained in Newark several years after Gov-
ernor Simcoe's departul"e from the provincE',
and h WtloS dUling his residence there that
Sir Allan was bOI-n, Februal y 19th, l'i98.
Soon after hi" binh his pa.rents moved to
York, whele the father f,jr some time achd
as clerk in the office of Secretary William
Jarvis. The house-in which he resided for
many years before his death is !:It ill stand-
IDq on the north Bide of King øtreet east,
near the intersection of that thorough.
fare with Queen øtreet in the neighbour-
hood of the Don brid
e. Originally it was a
two storey frame house, but it is now rou
h-
cast and divided into two houses, NOB. 496
and 498. Here, tOQ, lived David MacNab,
the brother of Sir Allan, rond Sergeant-at-
Arms in the Home of ASSt mbly. The
father was always in pecuniary
difficulties. A short time before
his removal to York, Lieut. Mac-
Nab was imprisoned for debt in the Newal"k
jail from which he contrived to mak.
his eBC':l.pe on the night of April 1st, 1798,
at '" hich time the future baronet was liOt
qUIte six weeks old. The sherift advertised
him as "AIJan MacNab, a confined debtor,
a reduced litutenant of hor
e on the half
pay list of the late corps of QUf-en's Rangers,
aged 38 years or thereabouts. five feet three
inches high, fair complexion, ligh. ha.ir, red
b
ard, much marked with the
mail-pox,the
middie fing r of one of his hands remarka.ble
for an overv.rowll nllil, round t;houidered,

stoops a little in walkin
, and ahhou
h a
native of the Hlghla' ds of Scotland affects
muchsppaking in the Irish dialect." It is not
known whether
e was captured ornotbut a

the close of the sam(! year he had taken up
hb residf'nce with hi;; family at York. Lieu-
tenant MacNab had sevual daughters who
were handsofle, stately and very popular in
society, OI:e 4>f them being currently toasted
as the belle of Little York. Their high.
born kinsmaJ
, the Laird of MacNab anli the
Chid of the clan had emigrated to Upper
CaDada at aD earlier period and had taken
up his ref;idellce in a romantic ree;iol! on
the Ottawa river wht're he bui!t an ab"de
which henamed h..innell Lod
e. The old Chief
was a frequent yisitor at York and on the
occasion of his visits he alwa.ys loojourned
witn hh family at the King street residence.
He was exceedinl!Iy proud (f his handsome
kinswomen and used to accompany them in
state to S
. James' church. His garb on
thPfie occasions-a smIlt
what modified form
of the Highland costume-made him the ob-
Eerved of all observers. On one occasion he
ent..r( d the Court of King's Bench at York
clad in this costume, while a. trial was pro-
ceeding b",fore .he Chief Justice Sir \Villiam
Campbell and kept his bonnet firmly plant-
ed on his head. \Vhen the sheriff by direc-
tion of the Chief J l1stice rEqUl sted him to
uncover,he replied that "theMacNab of Mc-
Nabs doffs his bonnet to no man. "
The childhood of the future baroDe
was
øpent in the MacNab homestead on King
street, which in these timos was on the
skirt of the fO! est which stn tched away
northward to L:lke Simcoe. When he was
nine years oid hI' begau to attend Dr.
Stuart's school. He WHoS at this time a
high-spirited, frolicsome boy, fond of play,
and but little addictEd to study. A g in1pse
is next caught of him at the age of fiftl en
during the invasIOn of York. He did not
have a chance of striking a blow at this
time. He formed one of the ranks on the
retreat to Kingston, and on the march at-
tracted the attention of the Commander-in-
Chief, by whose influence he wa.s appointed
to a m dsh pma.n's berth on board the
Wolfe, the fla
"ship of the Commodore
ir
James Lucas Yeo. After a br.ief na.val
career, which lasted only abo&t four
months, he left the navy aDd
joined the Hundredth Re
iment as a
volunteer. He vlon his first spurs at the
stormjn
of Fort Niagara, and tor his gal-
lantry on thÜ. occasion he was rewarded
with an ensigncy in the Forty-ninth Regi-
m
nt, DoDd rccdved special mention in the
d
spatches. He continued in active service
until the close of the war. After the pro-
cla.mation of peace he returned to the pater-

436

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Dal home at York, Here, at eighteen years I Kin
and Sumach streets a.nd here for a
of age, he found himself without the means time he Jived. '
o!
arnin
a livelihood. He, became a
ar- I Sir Alla.n waB fond of practical joking.
tlcled clerk to A.tto
ney-Gene!1I:1 D A.rcy I Dr. Sca.dding relates the followine; anecdotes
B
ulton, at t.
e same t
me obtammg a. sitU- of him :-" At KingstolJ, tl1e ever-conscious
atlon as copymg clerk In one of th
Govern- chief having written himself down in the
ment offices. He was a univerøal favouritt', visitors' book at the hotel as The MacNab
b
t a. vIc
im of chronic impecuni_ 1 his juvenile relative coming in immedia.tel;
oSlty, . and. It
aB no unco!llmon" state a.tter and seeing the curt inscription, in-
of aff
lrs with hIm to be on tne llIl
It8, at stantJy entered his protest against the
that hm,e mal ked out b
a rmcc
8slOn .of monopoly apparently applied, by writing
pm\fs pamted blue and tipped with white I himself down just underneath in conBp:cnolls
extf'nded round the pLpUlOU"S pJ.lt of the characters as The Other MacNab. Ridin 7
littl
capital. He had a natural aptitude alon
King Btre
t one day, he observed

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THE RBSIDENCE OF SIR ALLAN NAPIER MACNAB.
for carpentry and this, which at first was I Mr. Washbu.rn, the lawv
r, taking a. furtive
a pastime. he made a source of prc,fit, con- survey of illm through h1s eye-glass. Th

structin
paneled doors and VenetilJ.n proceedinu iB at once reciprocated Ly the
shutters for which he tound a. rea1y markel l conversion of a stirrup into an imaginary
Then he turned his attention to theatricals lens of large diamE'ter, lifted by the strap
and performed various minor chara.cters on IInd waggishly applied to the eye. A f...w
the public stag!', di..p'aying Borne h
strionic I years late!, when
'mber fo
\Ven.tworth,
talent and at O:1e time contemplat ng the he contrived whIle converslDg wIth the
stage as a permanent prof
s!';ion. M"y 6th, Spe!J.ker, Mr. McLean, in the refre.;.hment
1821, he m'l.rried Misd Elizabeth Brooks, room of the parliament house, to shp mto
dau1"hter of Lieutenant D \Die I Brooks oÏ l one of th
t gentleman's C01.t pockets 1 he
1'or
ato. She died in 1825. Di1ring his leg bone of a. turkey. After the lapse of a
married life Sir AHan built a. I'm tll honse, few minutes Sir Al]an, 80B chairman c f a
now destroyed, a Httle way back from the I committee of th
whole House, is Bol
mnl.y
streeõ lines at the north-west corner of seated at the tab.e, and Mr. Speaker In Ills

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

437

capaCity a.'i ø. member is being interrogatf'd
by him on some point connected with
th3 special businesll of the committee. At
this particu ar moment it happens that Mr.
Sp.aker, feeling for his handkerchief, dis-
co Vel'S in hi. pocket the extraordinary
foreign object which had been lodged there.
Gut-ssing in an instant the author ûf the
trick, he extricates the bone, and quick as
thought shys it at the head of the occupant
of the chair. The House is of courseamned,
a.nd Sir Allr.n in the
ra.ve8t manner directs
th:J clerk to make a nute of the act."
A little north of Finch's hotsl, a hostelry
on the east side of Yonge street, above
Hogg's Hollow, of high repute, about 1836
a yillilge named Dunrlurn was once proj ct-
ed by Sir Allan MacNab, acting at the time
as agl nt for Mr. H. J. Boulton, but Dun-
ùurn neVer advanced b.yond incipiency,
The name wa>> afterwards familiar as tha.t
of Sir Allan's chateau at Hami ton.
In 1826 Sir Allan was called to the bar, and
rem ved to Hamilton, where he entered
upon the practice of his profession. Having
been imprisoned shortly afterwards for con.
tempt. of court on the motion of 'Vi liam
Lyon Mackenzie, the :C( ry party looked
up:m him as a martyr, and returned him to
the AS!i'embly as one or the rep, esentati\'es
of the county of Wentworth. as a. recom-
pense for the indignities he had
endured. As was to be exp
cted, he be.
came one of the most acti \'e spirits in all
the sub'fquent mpasures of hostility against
.Mackenzie. In 1837 he was dected Speaker
to the Assembly. After sitting for Went-
worth ill three successive p,uliaments he
was returned for the town of Hamilton. He
kept up a certain connection with milit Iry
affairs after the close of the war of 1812. In
1827 he held a commission in the sixty-
eiJ;!hth regiment.
o sooner had the re-
bpllion fairly declared itself in D
cember,
1837, than he placed himself at the head of
all the followers h 1 could mU:iter in Ham':-
ton and re1'}a.ired to Toronto. His" Men of
GJre," as "they were
hristened after the
rout of the insur
ents at .Montcomery's
tavern, accompanied him to the London di8-
trict, wbere the fires of reb8Jlion were soon
extinguished, and then followed him to
the Niagd.ra. frontier, the command of the
Can<låian land forces having been I1s!';i
ned
to him. Afrer the suppression of the rebel.
HOll, Allan MacN ab l'eceived the honJur of
knighthood alid alRo the thanks of Her
..,tø.jesty a.nd of the Provincial Legislaturc-.
Hi::! prote
sional Lusinel!s at Hamilton mean-
while was flourishing, IIond he was appointed
a Quef'n's Counsel. III 1841 he marripd M.i",s
Mary Stuart, daughter of the sher;ff of the
.rohn
town district. He continued to repre-

ø
nt Hamilton until 1857, and was a promi.
nent political figure until tha.t time when he
retired and wa.s created a baronet. H
then
went to Engla.nd and took up his resll1ence
near Brh!"ht;on, where hi' lived until 1860,
when he returned to Hamil
or" and twø
years later, August 8th, 1862, he died there.
Sir Allan had been a life-long member of
the Church of En
land, but it was cl"imed
that in his last momenta he had become a
Catho:ic, and that extreme unction had
been administered by Bishop Farrell and
his as!';istants. A bitter controversy arose,
and on the dav of the funp.ral it was feared
there wou:d be a riot. The Bhhop ha 1 his
way. Sir Allan WdS buried according to the
rites of the Roma.n Catholic Church. Chief
Justice McLean, Chief Justice Draper, the
Hon. Mr. Cameron,Chancellor Va nkrJughnet
and other gentl
men who__ha:d gone from
Toronto '0 a.ttend left in the carriages by
which they had come; so but few paid the
las' tribute ot respect to the dead baronet.

CHAPTER CXXXVII.
DR. TELFER'S HOUSE.

The Re81dence or a "t>ry Prominent Pby.
81clan 01 the (;1(".
At the north-west corner of Church and
Richmond streets stal!ds the substantial,
two stor
y building shown in the accompany.
ing illustration. It was built some time
prior to the Mackenzie rebellion. In 1838
it was owned hy George Munro, 3. 'le.ldin

merchant of the town, About tha.t year
Dr. Walter Telfer, a physician who had pre.
viously been located at Niagara, came
over from that place and engaged
in the pl'ofession of medicine ill Toronto.
renting from Mr. Munro the house at the
corner of Church and Richmond streets.
Dr. Telfer soon became very prominent here
in his profession, and obtained one of the
besr practices in town. Bv birth he was a
Scotchman, and had rèceived his enucation
at Edinburgh. He practised in the Church
8trcet house up to the time of his death in
1857. His wiùow then went back to Sc.....t-
land, when she subs{quently died. Dr.
T.,Mer was noted for his
ood sound senFe
and sterling worth. Althoui{h not 80 scien.
t' fically educated scholar lie was a
man of good judgment, highly re-
spected by his lirother physician3. and
trusted by his patients. He C1red little for
money, beyond what he required
for his need!! He was a mcmher
of the Church of Scotland, a member of S
.
.Andrew's S;ciety, a physician at the ho,;-
pita,!, and a. strong COll!:wl'Va.tive in poÜtics.
During the prac'i::e of his proftssion in To-

438

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

ronto Dr, Telfer ha.d 8omong his, students a I cOJ11.pany with an Indian guide. As they
DOW well known physicia.n oi this city, Dr. approached the first savage oamp the guide
James Thorburn. On his death Dr. Thor- pulled out Írom his dress, where they had
burn succeeded to hil office and practice, been COD cealed, 80 string of newly taken

DR. TELFER'S HOUSE.

and for ROme years occupied the Church st. I scalps and tying them to a pole he marched
houee. It is now occupied as an officf. and into camp holùing nloft the pole with the
residence by Dr. Les ie M. Sweatnam. ghastly symbols of war dangling from its top.
During the nights preceding the batHe of
Montgomery's tavern in the Ma.ckenzie re-
bellion, the officers and guard were stationed
a.t tbe Don bridge, under command of
Colonel \V. Thümson, of Toronto town-
The OJd DwelUn
on tile North Side of ship. Mr. Thomson lived here until his
Kin
Street, Near the Brid
e. death, about fourteen years since. For
Near the Don bridge, on the north side many years prior to his decea.se he ha.d
of King street, standing well back from the been afllicted with total blindnes9.
road, and now known as No. 656, is a small Mr. l'homson wa. a Scotch-Canadian,
house built prior to 1820 by John Thorn- and one of the family that settled at an
son, an early settler of York. He was 80 I early period in Scarborou
h. then so
etonemason by trade One of his works sparsely settled that the family lived there
was a lighthouse at Gibraltar Point. Mr. for several years without seeing anyone
Thomson was the man appointed by I but Indians outside their own circle. A
General Brock to carry the news of the cousin of his was Colonel Ed 'I ard W.
declaration of war in 1812 to the Indians at ThomsoD. member ot parliament
Georgian Bay. He made the journey in and warden of the County

CHAPTER CXXXVIII.
,",OHN THOMSON'S HOUSE.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

439

of York for many years, who was found I side of the business centre, especially
dead by the roadside, havin
fallen the vic- when the
oods had to b3 hauled
tim to a sudden fatal illness while walking up three stone steps, and the streét
toward the city from West Toronto Junc- I was knee-deep with the identical soil w}.ich
tion. The old King str<'et house is still ap- won for this town the name of " Muddy
parently in good condition, and is 8tilJ in Little York." To-day the corner of King
use a.a a dwelling. and Bay street1 is surrounded with stately
_ I eàifices. On the north-west corner the
I Mail stands on the old site of the Bank of
CHAPTER CXXXIX. Montreal, and Hugh Carfra.e's dwelling
house in the rear. The Evening TelegrQ4lJ,
KINQ AND BAY STREET CORNER. occupies the spot where sixty ye.u.s ago was
I Wyman & F! ench's chair factory. The
Knott's Old Hou'le Which Stood on the stNe on the south-east corner stands in the
North-ealt
orner or KinK and Bay Itreet.' place of the homely storey-and-a-ha.lf
-The
awthra Man.lon. , cahin occupied bV the old-time clock
The pioneers of the very early years of I and watchmakel Jordan Post, and when the
this century were stron
ly of opinion that Canada LIfe and other edifices are up ths
if any cit:zen sou
ht habitation anywhere whole aspect of the corner will be changed.
west of George street, he was p1\rtially de- I The subject of the engraving is the house of
men ted, or pf:rhaps, as the modern term Mr. \Villiam Knott, the grandfather of Capt.

I_

rWJw
m' 9
i
=-
........... - - - - - -,.

tU

-=--
:::;;=.=---

-

.JOHN TROM -'SON'S RESIDENCE.

-- ....
goes, he would be called a " crank." Not that I W. D. Rogers, son of the late Samuel
there was anything pecu'iar in a man seek- Rogprs, the p.
inter, who for ISO many yean
ing a dwelling in the woodswhichsurrounde 1 lived in thewhilecotta.
<:! shown in the sketch
'Ioronto, but King and Bay rstreet
were so on the site of which now standg a handsome
far beyond the limits of civilization, that it I stone building tenanted by a financial cor-
'Was a surprise when onp of the pioneers por,ltion. Capta.in Knott came to this country
located in this vicinity. It was said by the wit
the Queen's Rangers in 1792.
late John Robertson, the wholesale merch- I He was unmarried. On the voya.ge out one
ant of Y onge street, that even in 1839, of his fellow soldiers, a married man, died
when he left the employment of Mr. Geo. and was buried at sea. A short time after
Monro, and opened his wholesale house in the arrival of the Raneers at Newark, Mr.
what is now the St. Charle3' restaurant all I Knott married the widow of his old com-
Y onge street, his friend
thouJ!:ht it was rade, and to them a child wa.s born in the
madnesl to 10"'te in a warehouse out- old tOWJl of Newark, now Niagara. 1R

<<0

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

1793, the Queen's Ran
er8 came to Toronto,
&nd Jocated, it is understooj, in this humble
awel1in
, and here, ìt; is <:la.imed, the
first white child in Toronto was born,
ea.rly In the year 1795. Th
house was a.
.torey-and.a-ha.]f fra.me building with agable
on Bay street, its front being on King, It
stood on the line of Bay, a.nd about
ix fel"t
baek from the line on King street. In later
1ea.rs the sidewalk was Ja.id with lake stoM
ta.ken from the shore up near the old Fort.
The buildiag had about twentv,five feet of
froutage on King street, and
bou1i twenty
feet on Bay. The entire lot tha.t it stood on
wa.s fifty, two feet. This Wß8 the lot that was
purcha.sed by the late Wm. Ca.wthra.Þ.bout
1855, prior to the erection of the square
ston
ma.l1sion, now occupied Ly Moison's
Bank. Old Mr. Knott was an important
individual in the eariy days of York. He
1Yß8 the first ju.iler, a.nd some of his child-
ren were born in the jail buiHing, WhICh
stood at the south-ea.st corner of Ring
street a.nd the Lea.der la.ne. the site of
the red brick real estate office, for years
Ha.rcourt shop. Old Mr. Knott's
son. Wm. Knott, jr., was a. soldier
in the war of 1812. In the Regimental order
book of the garrison of York a.t the time of
the inva.sion of Ca.l1ada. in 1812, the garri-
son wa.s ma.nned by the 3rd regiment of
York militia.. Sergea.nt Knott was one of
. detachment of volunteers called out by an
ordee from Major Gl"neral Brock, a.nd he
was with Brock when be fell on Ql1eeDston
Heights. The old gentleman lived in the
oorner house up to 1825, when he died, and
about 1833 the little place was merry with
excitement on the occasion of the marriage
of his dau'thter, Elizab -th, to the late Mr.
Sa.muel Rogers, the painter. Mrs. Knott
occupied this house up to the time of her
death, Some time prior to this the west
portion of the house was rented to a. Mrs.
Hogg, who turned it; into 110 little store, and
so
d ging-er beer, taffy, a.nd C:lKeS to the
youthiu! scions of the pioneers of York,
Diamond, ø. well-known ear tel', Jived next
door east. 'fue drawing is from a. sketch
made by Capt, Roger
now residing on
Spa.dina. avenu
. a.nd is as good as though it
were drawn on the spot. So truthful
is it that the sketch has been
reco(!niz
d by many old pioneer.i1, who re-
member well the days when Knott, the
t&ilor, lived a.t this corner. It is said that
when William Knott, jr., Wa.'3 110 member of
the miJitia., on his name being called a.mong
those ot the roll, he would callout. .. I a.m
Knott the tailor."
The house north of Knott'. dwelling, on
Bay street, was of compa.ra.tivdy modern
structure. It had a verandah in front, a.nd

was built bv Mr. S. Rogers about 1844-5, &8
a. pa.int-shop, and up to the time of his death
was used for tha.t purp?se. It was subse-
quently rented as a. machine shrp, and Wß8
so used until it wa.s torn down a. few months
ago. The cottae:e immediatelv north of this
pa.int shop was built about 1840 or 1842 bv
John KnfJtt, the carpenter, son of the origi-
na.l Mrs. Knott, wife of the tailor. In 1816
a.nò 1819 John Knott wa.s a. scho"lboy a.t
thl" Home District Grammar school. It is
to be rem'),rked that there wa.s an annuity
of æl 23 61 on this property, payable to old
'Mrs. William Knott,and the a.mount wa.
paid
to her regularly up to the time of her death
when it reverted to the family. Capt. W.
D. Rogers owns we la.nd on which this
house stands, a.nd ha.s leased it for 110 term
uf twenty-one yea-rs. The brick house
north of the Rogers' cottage is als') of com-
paratively modern structure. It wa.s built
a.bout 18467, a.nd was occupied as the
dwelling of Mr. William Pt:'rrin, a whole-
sale dry-goods merchant.
'urther north
there wa.o;; a vaoant lot, on which at a. la.ter
date the Robinson House .vas
erected by Sir J. L. Robinson, for
a Mr. Wilson, as a. temp3rance
hotel. Directly north of this lot was a. two-
storey rou
h-ci\st house occupied at one
time by Dr. J a.mes Richardson, afterwards
by Mr. Mason, a.nd ..t a. la.ter da.te by Au-
gustus Houell, the genial old gent!eman,
for many years foreman of the Globe Priet-
ing Co. From this to the soutl;-east corner
o(A

eJaiße st... in theßLIJ.Y d
s, th,ere wa.s
nothing but a.n orchard, and after the tree.
were cut down the youths of the neighbour-
hood ma.d; use of it as a. play ground.

CHAPTER CXL.
N.W. CORNER OF KING AND SAY ST

Tile Old Rallk of Mon'rp.RI-Tbe Metropoli-
tan Bole. Bud tbe Olel houses 011 Bay Street.
At the north-west corner of K.ing a.nd
Bay streets, we ha.ve a three.storey brick
building, fronting OD Kin
street, a.nd run-
ning back to a. lane, on the line of which
la.nd was the old wooden stable, which
stood there [or yealS. The brick buildin::t
011 the corner was occupied by the Rwk of
Montrea.J agency in Toronto, Mr. \Villiam
\Vilson being the eashier. The bank aft
r-
wards removed to the corner of Y onge and
Front strelìts. At a. lâter date it wa.s used
a.s Club Chambers, and for years it was fre-
quented by the officers of the Garrison.
Afterwa.rds it was occupied by the BI,\ kes,
Josfph C. Morrison, and Mr. Connor, as law
offices. Finally it was leased by Thos.
Brown, a.nd for years was known a.a ihe

1h e N

I

(op. UO)

...
ë.

ó
W')
d)
-

C0\-
o

þ

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

441

1 etropolitan Hotel. noted for haTin
one
of the m08t courteous landlords in the
Dominion. On Mr. Brown leavin4r the
lJui dillJ!'. it was leased by the original
Mail Printiug 00 This company. as is
well known. sank $200,000 in their venture.
jumped into the thl"Ot's of bankruptcy, and
lost more money than any other 1\ewspap
r
in the same time in Cana.da Finally Mr.
Riordan. who was a large creditor. leased
the bui!ding, and. then purchased it irom
the Ron. J uhn R.oss estate. aud on the re-
urgan za.tion of the Mail, now the best pay-
iug of the _lorniug dailies in the D )minion.
it was torn down. and gave place to the
magnificeut structure that stands there to-
day. The 1301 ge hOUf:.e north of the old Mail
building on Hay bt"eet, W3.S the two-storey
brick house of Hugh Carfrae. who was con-
nected with the Legislative Assembly. and
who erecttd this houde about 1830. It was
known al " Carfrae Place," and in the I ear
of thes
buildings, wer
public ba.' hfl, which
are referred to in a directory of that date,
and described in glowing terms, as jf they
were exceptiouaLly superior, in fact they
were the onìy baths in Toronto. This brick
building was cccupied afterwards by Mrs.
Dunlop, and afterwa.rds l.y Mr. John Jacques.
of Jacques & Hay, and was torn down to
make way for the Mail bui1din
. North of
this alZain was the old house of Bishop
Richa.rdson. ,,-bo formerly li1"ed on Bay
street, south of King. but who Clm
to re-
BIde in this part of the city, somewhere b
-
tween 1835 and 1840. The bui,diug was a
two-storey frame, with a high stOt p and
po:ch, tbe entrance bdne; from the north
side of the porch. This house was origi-
nally built by Mr. Patrick, clerk of the
Parliament of Canada, aud was improved
by the Rev. Mr. Richardson, and m
de
quite an important bui'dinJ!'. Directlynorth
of th s building was tb. litt.le yellow cot-
tage, which stood in off the street, and
which for yean was occupied by John
Kelly. the cabman. He was cabman No.1
on the Hst of balf dczen c.lbmen who p
i d
for Þire in Toronto in those da.ys, and by
scores of the present generation will be
remembered. North of this building was
the wareroom of E. B. Gilbert. a Jar
e
frame bnilcHng, and at the cornel' there was
a smaH wooden ûffice of
bout twelve or
fifte, n feet Fquare, which was Wled :IS an
offic
for Gilbprt'srnmber yard, up to 1846 8,
when Mr. Gilbert pu. IIp a. two-storey brick
building, which was afterwa.rds occup;ed
by Jos. Grand, and at a later dat6 was
tarned into a tavern, and is now occupied
a.ø an ea.tin
place. On the north-west
o)rner of the street, opposite Gilbe..t's.
was J obn Doel's prlTate residence, and in

the rear his famous brewery. The d:;eliing
house Itandl! thf.re to-day at tbe corner.

CHAP I"ER CXLI.
THE: OBSERVATORY.

The Seeond Station for ]feteorolozl<<':al Ob-
lIf'r1"ation E.tabUshed by the Imperial
G01"er menl In the ()olonlel.
Ïn 1838 a commis'3ion waa appointed in
En
land, cons sting ot Hersc :el, Master

hewell, of Trinity Colleie, Dean Peacock,
and Professor L10yd to present to the
Government a series of resolutions on
ma
nE'tic disturbances and oòservations.

'hay reported to thp. Royal Society and
as a result it was resolved that stations
of ob<ervations be esbblished in Canad
,
St. Htlena. the Cape of Good Hope, Van
Dieman',; Land, and Ceylon. Sir John Ross,
the Arctic 1"oyager, wa" sent to exp10re the
Arctic ocpan. The result of his investiuation
was that Van Dieman's Land was the station
first ch03en. Then Toron to,as being the station
most neatly opposite Van Dieman's Lann,
was selected as its complement. thus estab-
lishing two points for observim! the
phenomena of the globe. Captain J. H.
Lefrov wa

ent to Canada to estabHsh
the - observatory at Toronto. Finally
thp rí'''llit of the inyestigation was that
in 1840 the ImDerialtJovernment eetablished
magnetical and meteorolo
ical obsenationl
a.t Toronto, Upper Canada. a\ tbe Cap. of
Good Hope, at St Helena and Van Dieman's
Land and about the same time similar sta.
tions were established in the United States,
India, Rus<:ia, tbroughout Asia and the Con-
tinent of Eur0pe, The oboer,.atory at Tor-
onto was built about a quarter of a mile to
the west of the University and in the same
grounds. It consisted of a substantial
wooden buildinl:{ or fifty by thirty
feet. comprising one principal and

eTeral smaller rooms, one of
them being used a.s an (ffice, the remainder
for T'arious instruments. There were also
several small detached buildings u>.ed for
absolute determinations. No iron whatever
was used in the construction of the building,
the very lathet! and
hingles of the roof be-
ing- fastened with copper nails. ArE-port
in 1850 says: It is probably the most com-
ulete e'itablishment ot the kind at prebent in

xistence, 80S rpgard'" Ïts instrumental
eqnipment, and in addition to sers in
dup:ic&te of the common magne
ometers
-as the in!<trumeuts fmp
oyed for
rendering sensible the ml11Ute changes of
terrestrial m8.
netIsm are caHed-it h'\s re-
cently been pro1"ided with the co
tly and
beautiful lDstruments by WhICh those
chaulZea are self-recorded, by being made to
ÌmDresl the Dosition of the ma2nets belon
-

4,42

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO_

IDg to t hem at eYer,. 5uccel!lsive instant oí I thin
s or some of th'?m. The p
rsonal
time) upon silyer phtes prepared after the establishment consistt! of one officer of the
process of the daguerrotype, or on fine pa p - , Royal Artillery, Captain J. H Lefrvy, ud
er rendered sensitive to light by the calo- of four non-commis!!ioned officers of the
type process. Attached to the ob<erva.tory I same corps-Serl2'eant James Walker, Cor-
ib a cottage for the residenc::e of the officer poral Thomas Menz'es, Bombardiers Charles
in charge, and another" for the accommOda- " JOnes and James Liley. Some years &go
tion of the a>'1sistants and their families. At the original frame obsel vai;nry was torn
the present time an observation is made at clown, a.nd the new observatory shown in
every secon:l hour of the day a.nd night vf : the illustration wa.s erecteå nearly on ita lite,
th
force of the magnetic a.ttra,ction of the I
earth and the direction in which it is ex- _
erted, with reference to the planE"

.. :. --- ='t.-.... - --

-
:-

--=-= -

7V'
if"O' /J-o fL<f.....CO _

-=

TORONTO OBSERVATORY.

.

-.
of the meridian and the p1ane I
of the horizron, commonly called the
variation and the dip, also of the direction A POPUL.AR BATH HOUSE.
and velocity of the wind, the height of the I -
b&rometer, the temperature of the air, the The Bath Ronllle on KinK Stnd, Near tbe
quantity of the aqueous vapour in the air, Racqnet I:ourt, Ibpi by An=:nl Blne.
awl of all atmospheric phenom
na. of any About 1840. the popular place for a cold
intercst such as the aurora borealis, Wh
D I plun,(!e, when the bay was not convenient,
visIble, st(lrm
, etc., the self-recording in- \I &S the Royal Bath!! on King strt!et., west
Itruments b::ing also at the same time of Lamb's hotel, which is now the site of
silently cnjzagcd in marking down the same Bond's stable. On Kinjz street there wu

CHAPTER CXLII.

LAND:\JARKS OF TORONTO.

443

,

:J\III\I \\ \\i

L

/
11
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\
r l

\
I\:"

\I'

' ,'': -.:-U ',-
. ! 1 11 ' 1 :

1 '
\ ' I 111:j); 0 : '__

I i
,\\ d I \\; _ - ':d l

I. -- r I 1',
\ 1\\\'\; r.f) 1" - - ,- \\
:'1 \

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t4 '" I
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=-
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444

LAND}-IARKS OF TORONTO.

a small frame building, where the of hollow ground, a favourite place for the
bath keeper lived, while the bath rooms boys to skate III winter. Ori
inally the build-
extended nortb, at th
rear, alongside 01 ing was a single house. It W&8 after-
tbe alley tha.t led up to the úJd Racquet ward taken by John Wilson, a. well.
court. In The K
aminer ot 1844, the an- known Oraneeman, who made two
uouncement is made that U the baths (op- entrances to it and theu conducted
posite Stone's hotel), King street, for ladies the double businf'ss of a. saloon and a candy
and
entlemeu a.le now opt:n. Hot and shop, the former at the south end of th"é
cold baths can be bad a.t aìl hours, from six buildinlr, the latter at the north er.d. It
o'clock a.m. to 10 p.rn. Entrance for ladies was as a. confectioner that he acquired the
on King street. Entrance for gentlemen on sonbriquet of Sugar John or
ull's' Eye
the lane l
ading to the Racquet court." John. His bull's e, es and mola.ases c"londies
Th
ba.ths were kept by Angus Bluf',who were famous a.mo;;
the boys of the city.
considered himself the best dressed Hi
h- "ilson was a large ma.n, and he always
lander in Toronto, and was always f'xct"ed- kept an orderly place. At the time of the
ingly anxious to rival Sandy McNab, whQ r..moval of Lord Elgin to Toronto, aft.tr the
kept the Duke of A!.gyle, at the Corner of burning of the Mourreal Parliament build-
\y ellin
ton and Y on
e ['treets, At the ings, 'Yï:son was one of those arrested for
Highland games every year these men were I makin
a riotous demonstration aga.inst
prominent. I Lord Elgin on hIs arrival. Aiter Wilson
gave up husiness here the house was taken

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Å CHURCH STREET OANDY SHOP.

WS!

CHAPTER CXLlIl.
A CHURCH STREET BUILDING.

. I

A. Once 'WYell-known
anày Shop Kept by
SUKßr John n'USOR.
Directly north of the Public Library, on
Church street, is a house built about 54
yea. sago a.s a priva.te residence by \Vilson
Clindinning. Where the Public Library
building now at..nds was then a vacant lot

by William Irwin, who conducted a tavern
in it up to a.bout fifteen yea.rs ago. James
Hamilton, a mall who was subsequentiy
hanged, once occupied the houle. Of late
,ears it has been a tene31ent.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER CXLIV.
AN ADELAIDE STREET BUILDING.

Four Small Frame Shop. Built 8e'VentT
Yean .4.1(0 and A.fterwards Turaed lato
au A.ucU.a ROOIU,
Seventy yea.rs a
o a small frame row of
housea was built where 3 and 5 Ad.laide
street east is now occupied by .Mr.
Sterling. They were occupied by J.e
Simons, a shoema.ker and ni
ht watchman,
N80ncv Carney, a candy shop-keeper, Mr.
Conlin, a woollen goorts dealer, J. B'ack,
Joe Harris, known 80S "The Dea.con," who
kept a. b80rber shop, 80nd by other ten80nts

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until 1858 when the property fell into the
h80nds of Mr. A.Andrews, who removed th9
bo8ord partitiom:, separating the shops and
r..ltered the building to the appearance
shown in the accompanying illustration.
From thil! time it was u-;ed bv Mr. Andrews
as an 8ouction rcom until fifteE;n years a
o
when Mr. Andrews had the buildin!{ torn
down and the brick row occupied by Mor-
ion & Co. and other tena.nts erected on iti
site In 1857 the rent of each of the four
little shops was four dollars a. month and
this was considered in those days very high
rent. To-d8oY even thele small poor shops
would e3.slly let for twenty dollars a.month.

<<5

CHAPTER CXLV.
ABNER MILES' STORE.

What the Old Pioneers Thou==ht wa. the
Proper Proportion of Meat ß'ad Driak.
Throuu;h the courtesy of
lr. Bain, of the
Free Library, we h80ve copied (IS90) from a
diary of 1795 these details concerning Abner
Miles, who trans80cted business in the
good city of York. There seems to
ha
beëñ ïìOthin g out -of the reach orhill
mercantil
enterprise or of his desire for
turning over the (hrifty p
nr.y. Nimty-five
years a!Zo, i ust to im80gine th80t in this
little book before us, yellow with
age, thumb-stained with use and the ink
almost illegible with the r8ova.ges of time I
There is recorded the da.ily doings,
purcha.ses and follies of those who filled
their allotted "'pa.n of life, a.nd h80ve long
since filled in m80ny cases for
ottell aud neg.
lected graves, with no slab to m80rk their
last resting place, having no further interest in
t.he price of "befp, flower or ba.ken." Ninety-
five ye80rs a(!o, witÌ1 a.ll their chahges in the
hopes, beliefs, aspir"ations and modes oJ liv-
in
aye. and of dyin!!, too-8ond tha t; in
th80t comparative :;;hort spac
ot time noi;
one n80me mentioned in the boC'k or the
bock-keeper himself is left to judge bet'ween
tbe I'OW and the theD. And yet they were
a. j avi80l lot of Ii ving fellows, those early
pioneers, who seemed to think that about 4.
w0rth of bread to 8
worth of \ urn was tr e
pr(Jper proportions for meat and drink, In-
deed one John Coons, who appears to hove
been an excellent and frl quent cmt,mer
of Mr. Miles for va.riou
articles o
merchan-
dis
drifted aw80Y from anything but a.
liquid diet, as tow,lrds the end of
'86 the entries are altogether of the gin
sling 8ond. :;;8ong8oree descriptil)n. Oue
would be led to believe he was
ende9.vouring to a.
certain which
h80d the most life-preservin
quaJities-
bread or rum. It is to be hoped that if eve.
he found out, he did not take the secret
with him. 0:1 the other h md his wife,
Mrs. Coons, must have b2en either a cash
customer or have been shocking the sensi-
bilities of our old friends, in being rat;hH
more scantily attired tha.n one of the
8q naws, as the only ch8or
e to her debi*
in the whole hook is one 80nd a
quar:er yards of diaper, and uuless it wa.s
about a qual tel' of a mIle wide
ould noi
have been sufficient for more tha.n a good-
sized p\.cket handkerchief. Sept. 9, '95,
"Levy Blits. to three pints of wine, Came-
ron's measure, 93; same date. John Per.
sell, to pint of wine, m} m >a.sure, 3s 1Od....
What the difference between II my me..-

446

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

IUlre " and "Cameron mea,ure" that occa.
sioned a change from 3;; 10d to 3s must
have been sufficient to cause Levy
to adopt the name of Bliss, being
o much
in his favour. Sept. 23rd Small's soldiers
are debited with pint rum and three half.
pints spirits, 10s 6d. while immeòiately fol-
lowing is the saddenin
entry of " Hunter,
to small coffin for his little child, 8s."
The price of the rum bemg greater and of
more importance fot. the time-being inàul-
gence of the soldiers than the price of the
casket fot' the endless occupation of t.his
little waif-poor little child, so sorrrowful
and ðhort its recorded àeath-so
completely and utterly forg .tten
-the parents in such grief
-the soldiers in such glee. Provisions were
certainly :not cheltp ill those good old days,
flour was 6d. a lb., or 7s. a stone, veal 6d.
per lb., candles 2:3 6d., pork ls 6d., bread
6d, lb., a 4 ll'. loaf must have been 2s" of
course tlJis was all York currency,or 12c, to
the shilling, but even then, it is a very high
figure; potatoes ]0.:;. per bushel, and
celtainly whiskey must have been a luxnry
at 16s. a gallon, as m illY years after it
could be obtained in Toronto for 25c per
gallon. It seems only to have been introduced
about the beginning of '96, all the entries
prior to that being for rum or wine. Even
beer was 2< a qu lrt; cheese, 2s per 1b,; salt,
6s per peck;
ugar, 3s per lb. Transp >rta-
tion must have also been very high, as
frei2ht from Genessee was 8.:; per barrel,
enough Lo bring it R('ross the Atlantic now.
;nor do we see that the comppnsation for
l..bour was in proportion to those h;
h
price!!, as in the very few credits
for work perfO! med they do not
take the character of being at all high
enough to b",ar the cl1arges of ordinal Y
good living, and how the working man
managed in those days is somewhat of a
mystery, except that the term of short
hours waS unknown. The thought of I\n
eigbt or ten hour schedule would have been
considered revoluti"nary. EVf>rybody
worked until ihey quit,a.ßd tha.twas the end
ðf it. The wealthy man of those mi"ca1ed
good old days was an a.ristocrat, and the
worki 'gman was
imply a workingman and
the majOlity had no vote. But the grim f<loct
stands out tha.t he had long hours, small
wagf>s and high prices topay for provisions and
raiment. On 260h Jan., 1796, Widow
Whit" to 175 Ib:!. Indian mèal. What
numbtrless surmisf>s we could form as to
...hom and what was U Widow Whit!.'," of
1796. Almost in imagination we can st:e a
fair faced, dark-haired, black-eyed buxom
little woman, whose habiiimentl!l were
sombre. but wh
e words were cbeery and

whose smile wa!! bri
ht. S
e may have
bef'n talll\nd allgular, with vIDegar a.
pect
and harsb, unsympathetic voice, but not our
"\Vidow White," she was all 1 ight, with
one bright b:ack eye bent OD stcUl'ing bar-
gains, the other ever on the alert to find a
worthy successor to the late departed Mr.
White, and if she had the usual success of
widows. it is certain that some oth I' name
than \Vhite was en graven on her tombstone,
Ot. did she really wear out her Itttle heart
and life in solitary wid,)whood! We hope
110t, but Done are left to tell us the tale
"August 18th, Miss Johnson tp 16i Ibs.
flour," Unlike the widow Miss JOHnson
being a. spinster had not up to this period
entrul:lted bel' chance of happmess to any of
theBwainsofth
day. Whether she continued
to be Miss Johnson to the end of her chap-
ter, or had learned tht: art and pleasure of
"sitting up ui!!hts" and "keeping company"
with some desirable and eligible young party
with a view to fu ure housekeeping, we
are not in a position from tbiS little his-
tory to say, but as human nature in those
days -yg-as very like human nature in the
days of the present, we may safe Iv assume
that the name of Miss JohnsoR was gladly
dropped, and another one in its place as
g'adlyassumed, bet old father Timt', who
has ever been busy with his sickle, has
garnered them botb in. Their little story,
like themsdves, are gone and forgotten.
What the amusements were in
those days it is har.j to discover from this
litlle history. 'l'hat th',v had a Lodge is cer-
tain,asfJn Nov. 29. '96, Malcolm Rite (presum-
ahly W righ') is charged with: 'To share at
a Lodge, 3s 4d, but what that lodlle was is
not Ul1f'Jlded; it is among the hidden
mysterres. Ûr whether the 3s 4d York was
for fees, initiation or conviviality, like the
lodge itself, is enshl ouòed in darkness. But
prior to thiS, on June 15th, '96, thí're is a
debit, fair and open. of 18:3,3d for expense at
ball, to D. B. Morgan. How unluckily
Mr. Morgan was not cha.rged
with the 3:3 4.d for " Expen8e
at Lodge;" it wou1d then readily ha.ve ex-
p'ained itself what kind of Lodge it had
reference to. On November 14th, '96,
" Sa.m. Marthens, to TenneryJs share of dance
18,; 3,1,' just a p
ain, dance, nothing more.
"down the cf>.ntre, cut oft one; up again;
balance to partner8; swing; stamp your
feet; POUSStt; swing again; take your
partners in to refreshments." That was
l8, 3d worth of enjoyment. No mazy walt.,
No black dress SUItS or pa.tent leather !hoes
-perchance a black coat, but grey IuJI cloth
pa.nts and vest, and stout top boots with
soles that could be beard aboye the violin
when cuttinS! "the 'DiS!COll wing" or Der-

447

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

forming the intricate II cover the buckle j"
no ladies en decolletu with
shimmering satin or
listellillg Bilk, but good
yard wide. fast colour calico dresses or
perhaps the more well-to do with an
Orleans or Uobou"g suit. a coloured ribbon
in the hair. glowir:g with health, happiness
and amust:tßent j no order carriages
for 1:30. but walk home with
your partners in the grey dawn
of the morn, throu
h the rain. through the
snow. through the clear. cold frosti; per-
haps no sidewalk. certainly no s'';reet cars or
cabs; over the Don or the f!lor end of
.. Cabb&.2e Town." This was how those
oM fa herd of this p;re\t, p;rowing,
prosppring City of Toronto spent
th
ir ISci 3d for" share at a dance OJ in 1796
-and so also would this little day book.
almost exhumed from the tomb of oblivion,
go on and on in its history of the past; and
its p
st is like what our past will be in 95
years from now, either the rank grass wi I
be growin
against forgotten, neglt:cted,
crooked tombstones or the busy hum
of a mighty city will be rollinp;
above us pr
parill
another future of for-
getfulnelis for th03e who in like manner are
to fill our places i'1 oblivion. In the mean-
time a perusal of the day book o{ Abner
Miles. of 1795 and 1796 will well compen-
sat-e the reader for his tilDe and trouble,
1795 Pf"ter Long, Dr. to Abner Miles
Sept. I, To 28lbs. flour and 6! lbs. bacon 0 19
IJavid Morgan, Cr.
.. 2.By 120 lb. flour {
. }
" 2!! lb flour 0
-g 2411b. 6 oz.
" 22 lb. 6 oz flour I=Q ....
Peter Long. Dr.
II 3, To 51lb smoked pork at 18. 6d.,.. 0 8 3
Big Dutchman, sawyer, Dr.
15 lbs. flour at 4s and 8 lb. smoked
pork at Is 6d. ...,. . __ .......... ....... 0 17 0
Peter Long, Dr.
To 10! lb, flour by little negro.... 0 3 6
.. 121 lb. Indian flour.........,..,..... 0 4 3
!Javid Morgan, Cr.
By 10lIb. flour,.........................,.,.
David Morgan, Cr.
.. 7,By 431 lb. flour. .. ....,...................
John Wilson. Dr.
" 8,To 2 hats at Us ........,...... '........... 6 0 0
" Petpr French. Dr.
quartrunl.... ...'.......,... ........
Levy Bliss, Dr.
" 9," 3 pints wine. Cameron measure 0 9 0
" . J?hn Persell, Dr.
Pmt wme, my measure ...,..... 0 3 10
Abraham John"lon, Dr.
.. 9." 111 lb. bacon at Is 6d, by Asa
Johnson ............ ,.. ,...., ............ ,........... 0 17 10
Asa Johnson, Dr.
To 7 quarts Herd's grass seed ..... 0 16 6
David Morga.n, Cr.
.. H.By 131b. flour..,...,. ....,..'....,...'....
.. .. 8t lb flour more,. .....,.,.....,......
David Morgan, Dr.
.. lð,To 1I6d cash for rai
ins,.........,.... 0 1 6
Peter J,on
. Dr.
.. 18scashpaid soldiers............ 018 0
.. 58 cash for Quart rum............. 0 5 0

Molat !\ egro, Dr.
BeEt 16,!0 p

t;

..::::.:.:::::::::::::,:::::::.:.:.:: g
:
Molat Npgro, Cr.
By work at Small's house to this
day.....,.. .......,.... ..,........,....,........ 1 12 6
.. 16,By bond 328.................. ... ,........ 1 12 0
Big Dutchman, sawyer, Dr.
"n,To H lb flour......,... ., .......,.........
1'iathaniel Hay, !Jr.
"18," lIb su
ar lofe..........,.,............ 0 1 9
" Jo
n Persell, Dr.
quart WIDe, my meø.sure,...... 0 3 10

athaniel Hay. Dr.
" 82 cash and 2 quarts wine at 6s
Major Small's soldiers. Dr.
h 19,To 1 quart rum tow.uds digging
cellar..............................,........,......., .
Wilson & Colbv, Dr.
To 2 uints rum. ........:.................. 0 5 0
Joseph French, Dr.
" 21," quart rum...,..........................
Mr. Bond, Dr.
" $4. by dr. Dr. Hurst order......
John MClJogle
bOlTowed 3
l1ons of spirits. ......
Small's soldiers, Dr.
To n pints rum,.................,......... 010 6
John Wilson, VI'.
.. 22,Pair shoes 12s, Quart rum 68....... 0 18 0
Wilson & Colby, Dr.
To 2 pints rum yesterday......,...,. 0 6 0
Major Small. Dr.
" 1 gallon rum (by Griffin). .,.,.. 0 0
.. 4 gallons by order when he
sent his 5 galJon order..,...,............... gOO
Small's soldiers.
.. 23,To pint rum.........,...... ............,...
" "3 ! pints rum ..... ...............
- Hunter. Dr.
.. BIDall coffin for his child.........
John Coon, Dr.
.. 3 quarts rum at 6<10 ..................
Morgan & Hay. Or.
20 days work at Small's house
David Morgan, Ur.
5s cash to pay bearer for rum 0 li 0
Small's soldiers ,Dr.
:: 24. :: pin.t rum............. }
2 pInts rum.......... '............... 0 10 6
.. "! pint rum.....,......
Dr. Hurst, Cr.
By 9 oz bark at 4s......................... 1 16 0
Dr. Hurst. Dr.
To pint rum 38, "inegar 3s ' .." .., 0 6 0
Peter French. Dr.
.. barkzl.....,...... ..........,........' 0 5 0
Peter French went down and took charge of
the work the 20th of this month.
- Bywa.ter. Dr.
Sept.24,To tobacco Is. auart rum 68,......
.. . Johu PCI'sell !Jr.
pmt rum ..... ..,..,.,...,....... ......... 0 3 .
David Morgan, Dr.
h quart rum,.............................. 0 5 0
John Wilson, Dr.
" ride of horse atter roots to
Dntch settlement,..............,.,.........,.. 0 8 0
" 24;fo a fortnight's board................ 2 2 0
John Wilson, Dr.
.. 25." quart rum,.. ..." ,.....m........... 0 6 0
.. " . Small's soldiers, Dr.
3 pmtPl rum........,.................,.. 0 9 0
Samuel Herrin, Dr.
II Hi gallons of rum .........,.........
" - Bywaters, Dr.
quart rum,.. ........................... 0 G .
Griffin. Dr.
" 26." II ca
h '... ................,............. 0 .

8 6

010 6
080
o 18 C)

448

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Major Small, Dr.
Sept 26.ToIpintofrum by Abra Smith by
order ........... .,....'..... ,..... ........,....: ...... 0 3
John Kendrick, Dr.
.. To 7 quarts rum one of which
Joseph had the other by KinjZ,.........
Mayor Smith, Dr.
.. To pint of rum by Smith Sunday 0 3 0
Joseph French, Hr.
.. Zl." quart rum ..... ',....,..,.......... 0 6 0
:::ergeant Major Perry, Dr. I
.. 1 gallon rum borrowed,...........
.. fi bark

.

,

.'.............. 0 6 0
Major Small. Dr.
" pint rurr. by order................... 0 3 0
Stephen Colby, Dr.
.. 29, " quarL ruIn........,..,......,..,.........., 0 5 0
Oliver Gainee, Dr.
.. .. pint rum, ......,.....,.........,......... 0 3 0
J osnph Kendrick, Dr.
" quart rum paid by wife.......... 0 5 0
MRjor Small, Dr.
" 1 gallon rum by order,............
Levi Bliss, Dr.
Oct. To I pint rum bitters,..... ............. 0
btephen Colby. Dr.
.. 2 quarts rum ........... ............., 0 10 0
I avid Morgan. Cr,
" 3.
y l:N: H

;:
.::.::::::::::,...:::::::::::
" 18 Ibs flour....... ................,.......
Levi Bliss, Dr.
" zi bark.................................,... 0 3 0
- Cooper, Dr.
:. 5," ride of horse to his house some
time past 8s, to the ride of horse to
his house to carry flour 8s ....,..,. .....
Big Dutchman, sawyer, Dr,
To lIb tobacco for 3 days.............
David Morg-an, Dr.
.. 2s St,oyett's ac ......................
Big Butchman sawyer, Dr.
" 181bs coarse flour.... ................
John McDogle, Cr.
f}.Y

r;;
,:,:: .::::' ::: ::: :::::: ,::::::::::::
Nicholas Miller, Dr.
Nov. 16,To $2 left Mrs. Wolman for ap'
pIe seed. to $2 paid himself, to $3
paid Da.vis for boat '......,.. ........ ... '.. 2 16 0
Mr. Matthews. Dr.
.. 16,To 183 by Mola:. ne
ro ............... 0 18 0
Mr. Ritter. Cr.
.. SO, By a heifer.... ...............,............. 8 0 0
Mr. Ritter. Dr.
..
To 511bs beef .......,....................., 1 Ii 0
Mr. Hall, Dr.
.. 8t Ibs flour. .............................. 0 3 2
Widow White, Dr.
" 30 lbs flour,__..........,................. 1 15 0
Capt. Sellcik. Cr.
Dee. 9,By225lbs beef to be paid in board
Joshua Chamberlain. Dr.
To 2 axes .m.. ..... 2 0 0
" a
rindstone............. 2 0 0
.. broad ax.. .. ............. 1 12 0 -5 12 0
Asa JohlJl:;on, Dr.
:: 12,::

:
,
.
8__,......,...:..::::::::::::::::::.:.: b Ii g
Mr. Herrin, Dr.
_. .. 203 foot of boards to replace
them taken for the boat ..................
Asa Johnson. Dr.
To 6 a bushel sa.lt......,.., --.......... 0 10 0
William Bertrey, Dr.
.. lIb of tobacco ....................... 0 2 6
Mr. Hall, Dr.
.. 3 saltnon '.. ...............................
.. 8 Ib beef ..,..,............................ 0 8 0
" 3 salmon............,.....................

116 0
026
050

1 179.
.. rgrb
gb
C

.
,

.

?,

:.. 0 5 0
o Mr. Hell.
.. 2 salmon...........,......................
1796 William Bertry. Dr.
Jan. 5. To 2 Ibs tobacco....... .................. . 5 ø
George Hall. Dr.
.. 1(1i Ibs beef..............................
" 1 sa.lmon..................................
" 3 salmon..__................,.............
Samuel Herrin, Dr.
.. 16, " 4:1b 60z beef............................
" 151b beef.................................
Mr. Hobson, Dr.
.. 51b beef,......,......,....................
" lIb Buet, JO lbs. flour............
George Ha.ll, Dr.
.. 22lb flour ...........,................
Isaiah Skinner. Dr.
" 28 lbs beef ..........,...................
.. l1a.r{t
D
tt

h
'só
:ï)
:"""'"
.. 1 alma.nac. ,.............................. 0 2 0
Mr. Laurence, Dr.
h 1 almanae..,..,...... .................... 0 2 0
Geo. Hall. Dr.
" 23lb 6 O:i!; pork,........................
William Bertry, Dr.
" 1 barrel of flour. wei"hr, 282....
Squire Wilson, Dr.
.. 100 flour...... ......--,.......,............ 2 8 0
George Hall, Dr.
" Ok Indian meal.......................
Joshua Chamberlain, Dr.
" 3 meals of victuals.................. 0 i 0
" sole leather .............. .............. 0 6 0
Samuel Herrin, Dr.
" 161bs beef.., ...........,.................
Joseph Kendrick, Dr.
" 72 lbs beef............_................
OJ 91bs pork .........,.....................
Joseph Kendrick, Cr.
By flve dolla..s..... ....... '...........
Joshua Chamberla.in, Dr.
"22.To 140lbs beef ............. ...............
ISlJiah Skinner, Dr.
" 1311b.. beef.. ........,................
Capt. Spllick, Dr.
" 13t flour by agent...................
,TlIken for ourselves:
" 154 lbs Indian meal, ...............
SamUt>I, Herrin. Dr.
" 2 almanacks ........ ... .............
M\'. Berry, Dr.
OJ 1 almanack., ......"...................
Mr. Pingle. Dr.
" 21." 168 Ib3 indian meal. ...............
Capt. Cox, Dr.
Jan.2,f, To 5í Ibs Indian flower ...............
.. "12! lbs beef...................,..........
.. .. 13 Ib8 pork ,.............................
lscl.iah Skinner, Dr.
" 26," 1 almanac...,...... ........ ...,........
OJ "j Ibs leather.... ..............,.......
,. a barrel of meal sold to the
farmers, weight 1911bs ....................
Geor
e Hall, Dr.
To 21lbs Indian meal,.................
" lIt Ibs flo wer.. ...... ............,.....
OJ 70 lbs Indian meaL................
Mr. Bond, Dr.
" 130 lbs beef... ........,.................
" 231lbs of flower......................
Widow White. Dr.
.. 1751bs Indian meal ...........m..
Johc Wilson. Dr.
" 100 lbs. of Indinn meaL..........
George Hall, Dr.
OJ 12lbs pork.. ,..........,...............
.. It tall
r.. ,........................., ......

o 0

8

0 4: 0
0 2 0
1 0 0
o 9 0
o ì9 6
o 2 0
016 0

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

449

Thos. Barry. Dr.
.. 227 Ibs flower,........... ...........-
George Hall Dr.
Feb. 2, .. 36 Ibs Indian meaL................
Francis. Dr.
.. .. 3 dollars and 1. ,...............-......
Mr. 'felps. Dr.
3 weeks' board.........._.........
.. 12llbs of pork.........................
.. 1 loaf br38.d,..............,..............
Mr. Holse, Dr.
.. 511bs flower. ..........,..'..,..........
Mr. Scaddin (by Cooper). Dr.
.. tllbs leather... ...... .........,..
Willia:n Bevizy. Dr.
.. 53lbs flower at 6s. ,..........._...
George HaJI. Dr.
.. 3 salmon,.,...,.. .......... ... ,...........
Capt. Cox. Dr.
.. 8, .. lIb tobacco. .......... .,....... ......
Nicholas Miller. Dr.
.. t5lbs flower. ...........................
Mr. Colby. Dr.
., 100 Ibs flower ......... . .......... ....
Mr. íìchaddin. Dr.
.. 13 lbs pork. } C
t salmon, by ooper..........
Mr. Commons. Dr.
.. 18lbslndian meal at 4.d......... 6
Joiner Dutchman. Dr.
:: 13.:: 1 2nd size platter ................... 0
2 quart mugs........................... 0
George Han. Dr.
lIb tobacco .........................'.. 0
Trangis. Dr.
.. 571 flower ..,...... .......,................
.. a cap, 6s ...............,..,............
.. cloth for 2 shirts..., ...... ,..,....
Joiner Dutchman, Dr.
., 15." t bushel turnips. ........... '......,. 0
,. .. 4llbs f>

.w
t..l');:............ 0
.. .. guinea and dollar................... 2
., 5 lbs pork. .............................. 0
.. 6i bread. ................................. 0
.. 4s for mending watch,. .. _... .

180

166

026

4!2 16 2
Peter Long. Dr.
pork. ......................,................ 0 9
Mr. Lawrence. nr.
.. 'ít Ib3 porA:. ..................'........... 0 9 2
Joiner Dutchman, Dr.
.. t bushel turnips...................... 0 6
Mr. Chamberlain. Dr.
". .. 3 meals of victuals..... ......... }
"nig

.

.
.:

.
.

0 10 6
Joiner Dutchman. Dr.
.. 2i.To tl Ibs pork ,............. ............... 0 5 7
.. .. Ii bushel turnips ,.... ...... ....... 0 1 6
Mr. Chamberlain, Dr.
.. .. a pair of shoes........................ 0 12 0
.. 15lbs me:\l.............................. 0 5 0
Mr. Lawrence, Dr.
Mar. 3. To61bs porI;;. ,.............,............... 0 7 6
Frangis. Dr.
.. t Ib tobacco ......,..................... 0 1 3
.. 17s in cash .... ....................... 017 0
.. 1 rum barrel........ .................. 0 7 0
., 4 Ibs taller at 1s 6d ....... '........ 0 6 0
Mr. Chamberlain. Dr.
.. keeping 2 yoke of oxeu 1 night 0 6 0
Mr. Cooper. Dr.
., 'salmon................................ 080
Joiner Dutchman, Dr.
.. 6lbs flower ......................... 0 3 3
.. 2lbs tobacco,...... ................... 0 5 0
Mr. Chamberlain. Dr.
., keeping 2 yoke of oxen 1 night 0 6 0
29

6 0
2 0
3 6
2 6

Mr. Colby, Dr.
.. 39lbs of pork...... ,.. ............... 2 8 .
Mr. Hunter, Dr.
.. the youse of a horse from fth
September. 1795. to the l
th Febru-
ary, 1796,.. ............ ....... ....... ......... ......
.. .. 20 bushel Dotatoes dug him-
self, by 12 taken out of seller...........
Mr. Lawrence. Dr.
.'10,To
lbs pork ......... u..'................ 0
Mr. Chamberlain, Dr.
.. .. 2 barrels salmon (127 fish in 2
..ba

!s) .............:.............................. 8 0 0
.2 meals vlctuals............_....... 0 3 0
Mr. Davis, Dr.
.. 1 barrel M.lmon (47 in barrel,.
.. . Asa Johnson, Dr.
a milk pan ..................... ....... 0 3 G
.. a large platter........................ 0 2 6
.. 3rd size do ........................ 0 1 6
.. large pot ........... _ ................... 0 4 0
:: 25lb
flow:er ...,....................... 0 12 6
keepmg hIS oxen. .................. 0 1
0
.Asa Johnson. Gr.
.. By a day's work ...., ...,.........
Mr. Colby. Dr.
.. t21lbs flower, ........................
- Peter LonK. Dr.
.. 10 Ib3 flower.....................
\Villiam Berizy. Dr.
:: 12.::
1b t,!
acco. :::::::::::.::::::::::::::
.. 2 ..... ....'... ............
Toberock, shoemaker. Cr.
By makil1g 9 pI' shoes. ............. 116 0
.. mending a pare.....,.....,...,...... 0 2 0
,. 2lb tobacco ...'........................ 0 5 0
.. 151b flower.....................,........ 0 7 G
.. 12 shillings cash.................... 0 12 0
.. 3; Dints whisky........... ........ 0 6 0
.. 4 shillings order. ................,.... 0 4. 0
Isaiah Skinner. Dr.
.. a pair ot shoes ........................ 0 10 0
Mr. Porter, Dr.
.. drawing timber.......,.............. 0 4. 0
Geor
e Hall, Dr.
lIb tobaC'co.. ..... ... ...........,.. 0 2 0
!<'rangis. Dr.
h 15," 1 dollar cash........................_..
Joiner Dutchman. Jr.
3 dollars cash. ........................
Mr. Osborn, Dr.
.. Illbs flower.............,..............
., lOt .. .....'.......... ..........-
Joiner Dutchman. Dr.
.. To an error. 8s ....................... 0 8 .
Mr. Cammons.
.. 21b5 of tobacco.......... .....,.. 0 5 0
John Kendrick. Dr.
.. lIb of tobacco 'u..,........'......... 0 2 8
Wm. Berizy, Dr.
.. 1 lb tobacco......,. ......... 0 2 .
George Gibson. Dr.
.. 22," 2lb salmon ........... ............... 0
Mr. Bond, Dr.
.. .. bringing 2 barrels salmon
from the mill..,......,....,............,_,.... 0 8 0
Mr. Osborn. Dr.
.. 29 lbs flower...... ..................... 0 It II
.. lIb candlcs ... ....................... 0 2 8
'\Vm. Berizy. Dr.
.. 2lbs tobs.;::co...... ',.................. 0 5 0
Geor
e Gibson. Dr.
., 2 salmon. by order..... ........... 0
Frangis, Dr.
., lIb tob\cco. --.......................
WiIlia[J'l Beriozy. Dr.
,. lIb tobacco, by order ,...........
George Hall, Dr.
.. lIb tobacco,...........................

618 0
6 0
5 I)

1 3
000
(j 2 6
026
050

1 6
5

2 0
610
3 t
t 0

o
tI

o

0211
024
021

450

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

1796 John McDogle, Dr.
J4ar19 To 12 salmon ,.....,.. .......h......h.. 1
0
Samuel Herrin, Dr.
.. 11lb 6 oz pork lent........ .....h..
Mr. Osborn, Dr.
18Ibs ft.ower ..................h...... 0 9 0
Mr. Chamberlain, Dr.
lIb. taller,.. .......................,... 0 2 0
.. 26,By 22 days' work at
s da.y ......... , 8 0
Francis, Dr.
.. 3 months' work .....,.............. 8 8 0
Ca.-pt Cox, Dr.
.. 1 meal victuals. '" ..h,............. 0 6
Samuel Herrin, Dr.
.. 1 almanack ............,............... 0 2 0
TaKen for the skooner.
.ÄP.i 1, .. lIb nales ................ ......,....... . 0 2 0
II i of nales.................h...... '...... 0 1 0
John Wilson, Dr.
" an order._......,.......... ....,.. ..... 20 0 0
.. 2 pots... ......h......_.................. U 7 0
.. 3 bolee. ...........h...................... 0
6
.. 2 mugs,....h.h...... ........h.h..'... 0 3 0
.. I Glisler pipe. ............h......... 0 3 U
.. 1 platter ,................................ 0 1 6
Mr. Osborn. Dr.
.. tlbfat................ ............,... 0
Provision ta.ken on bo..rd the skooner.
.. lIb of candles .............. ........
.. t1lbs 1\our . ................. ..,.......
.. pork..,.... ...'....h......... ..h.........
Mr. Osborn, Dr.
.. 12j lbs flour ........'........,.._._.. 0 6 3
II tobacco" .........,..,.............h..... 0 0 0
Francis, Dr.
II 5, II cash..........,...............,.............. 0 10 6
Capt. Cox, Dr.
"6, II ilbtobacco..,....................... 0 3
George Hall, Dr.
.. lIb tobacco .......... ..................
Mr. O",born, Dr.
.. 91b flour .................' ...,...........
William Berizy, Dr.
.. lIb tobacco, by order ............
Mr. Osborn.
.. 2 Ib veal.........,..........h..........
Sllmuel Herrin. Dr.
II 131lb veal...,........... ..... ........ 0 13 6
Mr. Cameron, Dr.
.. 281b veal. .............. ,..,............ 8 0
Patrick Flannery. Dr.
II cash ............. ............... ... ...... 1 0 0
Joiner Dutchman, Dr.
.. g, .. to cash .............. ..h................. 0 15 4
Isaiah Skinner, Dr.
50 Ib pork ............................... S 15 0
Georp:e Hall, Dr.
.. Ii Ib tobacco..,....................... 0 3 II
Joshua Chamberlain.
.. '511b flour, 6d. ........................ I ! II
Mr. Felps, Dr.
.. 161b pork. ,..............................
.. i lb candles ....................,.....
.. I gallon jug ....................'......
.. 1 gallon whiskey...... 0 16 0
at till pan... ................... 0 6 6
.. cream pot.............. 0 2 8
.. quart peas. ...... ,........ 0 1 6
Mr. Scha.dden. Dr.
II 202lbs flower grosse. ._......... li 13 0
Mr. Phelps, Dr.
"18," 181b bread, 6d.... , .............._
Samuel Herrin, Dr.
.. 361b pork, Is 6d..... ...... ......
William ßerizy, Dr.
.. \I quarts whisky. 168 '............ 0 16 0
Mr. Chamberlain, Dr.
.. I'l." 801e leather ........ .. .. .......... 0 8 0
William Berizy, Dr.
· ..:ï.7 barrels of flower, weight 33
cwt. 3.QII8. t lb.. ........ . ............ .......

026
046
026
020

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

o

1796 Wm. Berizy, Dr.
Ap.27, To 3 barrels indian mea.1 weight
.. 5 c
\

:bar
éïs.::.:'::::::::':::::.:
.. _.
r. Wintt!rs. Dr.
125 IndIan meal..... ...............
Wlddow White, Dr.
.. 61bft.ower..........,..............
Mr. Chamberlain, Dr.
M
! 2,:: 241bßo
el'....,.....................
61b mdian meal..................
.Mr. Phelps, Dr.
May 2, To i pint whisKey ".. "" . ....... ., ,
William Berizy, Dr.
::5, .. 2 Jarge pots............ 036
.. 2nd !ize...... .......... 0 2 8
.. i large platters ......... 0 2 8
.. 4 3rd size..... ........,... . 0 1 4
.. 4 boles.................. 0 1 6
h 1 qu'\rt mu
.. ......... 0 I 6
II 1 pint mug............ 0 1 0
Mr. Phelps, Dr.
:: 7, .. i meals victuals 0 8 0
.. 12
bread............... 0 6 3
.. lIb candles.. . .. . .. .. 0 2 0
Frenchman, Dr.
.. 10," lIb tobacco,... ..,..... 0 2 8
John Cox, Dr.
.. 12," a breakfast. ,..... ...... 0 6
Asa Johnson, Dr.
.. 13, .. a milk pan....... ....
Patrick Flannery, Dr.
.. pI' sleeve buttons.... 0 6 0
Mr. Austin, Dr.
.. pr sleeve buttons..... 0 6 0
Capt., Fehx, Dr.
" 18," basket pota.tos deliveredKiDll
Kendrick, ]Os........ ... ..,... .... ......
Josiah Phelps, Dr.
To 2 Quarts whiskey, 5s .... ......
.. 20
lb pork at Is 6d ...........
.. 6lIb bread, 68........ .........
II a-allon whiskey ...............
.. 9 meale victuals...........,...
David B. Morgan came to board
the 16th of this month..........
-- Shelby, Dr,
To passage from the Gennesee
to york............... ...............
" liquor and board...,..........
SHmuel Herrin, Ur.
II 12 bushel potat.os, 103..........
John Dexter, Dr.
.. the f!'Ute of three ba.rrels
from Ge esee to York at 89........
Joshua Chamberlain, Dr.
II To t.he passage of his S son8
from York to GeneRseeat 169.......
&I II 1 barrel frate (meat), 88... ......
John 1dcVougal, Dr.
.Apr. 1, To passage to Newark.. 0 8 0
Jushua Cozens, Dr.
.. passage to 'ewark... 0 8 0
David B. Morgan, Dr.
.. passag-e from Genesee to York,
168, liquor 8s .....,.,................
Mr. Lawrence Dr.
May 18,To bU'Ihel potatos by King KeD-
drick, 103........... ................
Mr. As,. Johnson Dr.
To 1 barrel Indian meal. 2:Z8Ib8"
barrel to be deducted...............
Joâah Phelps, Dr.
1111 qt whiskey, ........ 0 5 0
Mr. Lawrence, Dr.
.. 22, II 1 bushel pota.tos ... . . 0 10 6
II II 21) Slour at . ' . , . . . . . . . 0 6 8
.. Josiah Phelps, Dr.
supper, 15.......,.,... .,.....
.e 3 qts and l pt whiskey.. .....,
.. nt. and . nt. vine2!i1.r. _ . - .. .. ..

t 1 8
o 3 0
012 0
020
020

030

100
010 0
o 3 S
100
018 0

016 0
U 16 0

1 , 0

2 8 0
080

010
116
o 1 ø

4.51

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

1796 Josiah Phelps, Dr.
Ma:r22. To Kreat coat, ., .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. ...
Geo, Hall, Dr.
.. rum barrel, 7s.................
:: 1 ho
, 8s......................
1 gun " .. . . .. .. .. . .. .' . . . . . . .. .

Josiah Phelps, Dr.
. 27," jug of whiFkey in passage
from liene"see in May..............
Asa Johnflon, Dr.
To 8 qrts salt delivered Johnson.
Isaiah
kinner, Dr.
.. 6 dollars cw.:h ...... .........
John McDougal, Dr.
.. 30," 79 Ib3 flower borruwed........
John Dexter, Dr.
.. 128. for board and baken ....
Frenchman Jones, Dr.
June 7," lIb tobacco.......... 0 2 6
- Havis, Dr.
.. 1 quart whIskey, . . .. 0 7 0
Mrs. Wilcut, Dr.
.. 56lh India'i mpal at:
s......._
Josiah Phelps, Lr.
.. 3 quarts whiskey.. .... . .... ..
..
pint do........ ...............
.. 16 lb. 6 oz. pork.,..............
pint salt ......................
.. 2
cash.... '.. .. ... .... .. .... ..
.. chest.. ........................
..
U lb. breRd ..... .... .. .. .... ..
Josiah Phelps, Cr.
By cash, 12s.... . . ., .. .. . . . . . . . .
Hotr.'s Sawyer, Dr.
., 11," lIb. tobacco.. ........ 0 2 6
Isaiah Skinner, Dr.
.. 1 large pot... .. .. .. , . 0 6 0
Patrick Fla.nnery, Dr.
.. 13," pt. whiskey.......... 0 3 0
David H. Mo
an, Dr.
.. l pt. whiskey.... .... 0 2 0
'l'obeiack. shoemaker, Cr.
.. 15.. By making two Pl'. shoes ......
Tobeiack. shoemaker, Cr.
To 7b cash, 81 Indian meal, and
earthen mug. Is 8d................ ..
David D. Morgan, Dr.
.. 189 expense bill at ball .......
" 18 cash.........,..............
Pat-tick Flannery, Dr.
.. 9s for Luke II t ball. . . . . . .. .. ..
Isüinh Skillner, Dr.
.. t pil1t whiskey by your
brother. , , . . . . . . . .. . , , .. .. . . .. . , . . . ..
Patrick Flannery, Dr.
.. 1 pint whiskey by French-
man ...... Ä8å'j
;h
;õ;;,Ï)
:"'"''
: 17.:: 301- flower borrowed.... ......
whiskey slinl{.. '..... 0 1 6
James Pitney. Bnnd's hatter, Dr.
To the acts of thisprovillce,12s 1Od.
f;ah1rday, Col. (ieBsnp, Dr.
June 18. Came to board Friday, 17th at
noon.
To 2s liquor before and at dinner
.. liquur Sunday noon ..........
Mr. Wilcox. Dr.
Came to board ::iaturday, 18th,
at noon.
'10 liquor before and at dinner ,28
.. liquor Sunday noon..........
.. .. to bri g 1!oods up to house to
go to garrison, 16s . , , . . . , . . . .. .. .. ..
Mr. Nash, Dr.
Came to board Friday, 17th. at
ni
ht.
· '1'028 for liquor at dinner, 18th..
.. .. Is for beer ....................

0
070
080
216 0
õß3110

o 0
050
i 8 0

012 0

018 8
020
015 0
146
006
024
060
022
012 0

080
018 0
o 1 0
0 9 0
0 9
0 1 9

020
010

1796 Mr. Na!';h, Dr.
Junel8,To liquor Sunday noon..........
II (22)" ! pint rum............ 0 2 6
" ..
ill bitters.. . .. . .. '" . 0 1 S
" gill wine ............ 0 6 6
.. share of 2 bot. wine.. 0 Ó 0
John Wilson, Dr.
"freight of 4 barrels from
Genessce .. " .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. 1 1t 0
David B. Morgan Dr.
" To order of A. Cameron tor 25 dol-
lars more added ................... 11 1.2 0
" freight. of 5 barrels from
Gencssee .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. 2 0 0
Thos. Derry, Dr.
.. 3 Quarts sai t .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Joshua Chamberldn, Dr.
.. 4 qua.rts salt........ ........ ..
Patrick Flannery, Ðr.
" mug beer and rum in com.
pany ......... .. .. .. . .. .. .. 0
0
John Wilson. Dr.
" .. auswering an order of Tobe-
ock, shoemaker...... ....: 0 12 0
Patrick Flannery, Dr.
" 2
," 21 pints rum .., . . . . . 0 5 0
,," .... ('50
Sergeant :M
å.iÿ',' Dr,
:: 26,:: I pint rum .......... 0 2 6
chanll;e .............. 0 0 6
Sergeant Crawford, 1 1 1'.
48 worth beeflast summer... 0
0
. 2i pinrs rum.............. .... 0 5 0
John McDougal, Dr.
" larKe cream pot.. . . . . 0 3 9
.. plate . .. . . . .. .., .... 0 1 3
- COlm, Dr.
.. lpintrum .......... 0 2 6
John Willlon, Dr.
"?:T," 298 6d cash paid Th08. Saun-
ders by order. .. .. .. . . .. .. .... .. .... 1 9 8
John Coon, Dr.
:: 28.:: It p
nt r
m .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 2 6
l pmt shng .......... 0 3 0
.. .. two l pi" ts rum.. , .. . 0 5 0
:: 1 pt. and gill rum.... 0 3 9
vIctuals,. .. .... .. .. .. 0 2 0
" 1 pt. rum.. ., ..'. ..... 0 2 6
" two l pints rum. .... 0 5 0
" two! .. .. .. 0 5 0
Archibald Cameron, 111'.
.. fro;

'f

hf

:
:

of i2n

John Coon, Dr.
" pt. rum.... .......... 0 5 0
John Dextt;r. Dr.
" 158 for rum and vict.uals, 158.
Old Pranger, blacksmith.
" W," 3 pints rUIll .......... 0 12 0
.. .. bottle rum.. ......... 0 10 0
.. bottle grog .. ....... 0 8 0
" pint rum ............ 0 4 0
Wm. 'Wilcock, Dr.
July 1," bringin
hisg"od
from shore 0 12 0
" II paying his men for going to
garrison with boat..... ............. 0 12 0
.. "3 pints rum .................. 0 7 8
Da.vid B. Morgan, Dr.
.. 2, " gillslinll,............. 0 1 6
r\icholas Miller, Cr.
.. By 11 butter. . . .. . ... . . . .. . .. . ....
John Coon!!.
" t, To gill rum.. . . .. .. .. .. .. 0 1 3
.1 .. pint rum ...........' 0 2 6
.. gilJrum.............. 013
" qrtrum .............. 0 5 6
.. 2 mt'al
vict.uals ..... 0
0
.. supper .. ............ 0 2 0
.. breakfast............. 0 2 0
5amuE'1 Herrin, Dr.
.. 5, II 30 teet boards, inch., 0 3 0

452

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Gideon Tiffany, Dr.
H 1 law book 8s, Halifax,.......
Joseph Keeler, Township Crammy, Dr.
"6, To law books by Tiffany's order. 0 12 10
John Coon, Dr.
.. 8, " quart whiskey by son ........ 0 8 0
- Johnson, Cr.
By 23lbs. veal atls.............. 1 3 0
Joh!! Dexter. Dr.
h 13, To 5 days' board at - and pint
rum.. .. . .. .. . .... .. .. ... ... .. ...... ..
Aaron Skinner. :Dr.
To 168 by order, paid ............
John Coon, Dr.
" pint whiskey, 43 ..............

amuel Herrin, Dr.
1288 cash .......... .. .. .. .. .... 6 8 0
Vim. Skinner, Dr.
" shovel some time past. .. ....
..
pint rum y'ou:lgest son.
John Coons.
" q
whi
key _ . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .

. . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. ..
.. pt. rum.. . . . . . . ., .. . . , , . . .. .. . ,
Josiah Phelps, Cr.
.. 18, By 1 dozen egg-s .. ..... 0 2 6
John Coons.
.. pint whiskey ........ 0 4 6
Joshua. Chamberlain, Dr.
.. 19." to 4
cash. . , . . . . . . . , . . . .. . . . . . .
Asa Johnson, Dr.
" peck salt.............. 0 5 0
4 pro sleeves buttons.. 0 2 0
" lodging .............. 0 2 0
Nicholas Miller Dr.
14s cash by Miss J ohl1son ..'.
Mr. John (')oon, Dr.
.. 21," 2 pr3 hin
es at 7s........, ,....
.. .. 2 dolhn's paid Mr. Scadding..
Major Smith, Dr.
.. 22." 30ì Ib veal at Is ..............
" u 22 Jbs b
ef. lOd . . .... .. .. .. .. . .
17S6 John Coone.
July 22, fo pint rum............ 0 5 0
" "I" " .,.......... 0 2 6
"I" 050

Joh
.ë

.. 'D'
.
4' 24," quart whiskey, by order.....
John Oisten, Dr.
.. bowl sangarf'e,....... " ......
Patrick Flannery, Dr.
.. pint and glass of rnm ........
J uhn Coons.
::25.;; gUlrum ......................
! pt. bi ttenl ... , .. , .. .. .. . . . , ..
Joshua Chamb
rlain, Dr.
:: 26,:: i bushel salt.. .. .. .... .... .. ..
gill bitters.. . . . . . . . , . . .. , . ., "
glass brandy...... .. .........,
Patrick Flannery, Dr.
, , ' , 2;, . . . . I
:i
sS r,!.m ::::::::::: : : : : : :: ::
i pt. brandy '.'...............
"!" ........,..... ...
" 21 pts brandy .......,...,....
.. I pt. rum,. .. ., .. , , , , ., .. " .. ..
.. ! pt. rum............ .........
12'1 cash for Tit us ". eest . . . ..
John Coon!':!.
:: 28, Two I pints brandy.. 0 6 0
.. I pt. brandy.......... 0 3 0
.. ! pt. .. 0 3 0
.John ë

n: D
.
Aug. 1," 1 pt. whiskey bitters ....'...
John Coons.
.. liquor in company.. 0 6 0
Stephen Colby, Dr.
lpintrum............ 0 2 6
Capt. Selleck. Dr.
.. '. .. pint brsmdy.......... 0 6 0

012 0
026
080
080
026

o U 0
014 0
016 0
010

0 8 0
0 3 6
0 8
0 1 :1
0 2 6
010 0
o 1 4
o 0 9
0 0 8
0 1 3
0 3 0
0 3 0
0 6 0
0 2 6
o 2 6
012 0

020

5 0

Patrick Flannery, Dr.
.. 6. .. pint rum.. . .. .. .. .. .. 0 5 0
Patrick Flannery, T'lr.
"7, "12day8'boardat3s............ 116 0
David H. Morgan, Dr.
"8, By 14 dollars cash.. .. .. . , .. .. .. .. 5 12 0
.Dutch Pete, Dr.
:: 9, :: 36 lbe flour at 8s .......,...... 1 ( 0
2!s ca8h ...................... 1 4 0
John Lions, Dr.
To I bushel ealt, 93.. .... . . . . .. .. ..
.. 106 Ib;; flour . . '. . . , . .. .. .. .. . ,
" H2 feet i boards at 9s ........
.. f{un.3 dollars..................
Richard Laurance, joiner, Dr. .
"26lbs.flower......... ........017
JO,iiah Phelps, Dr.
.. p
t bitters.......... ..........
.. t pInt brandy.. ... ............
dInner ..................... ..
" three and a half bowls sour
punch ...............,..............
.. bred and chees....... .........
Major Smith, Dr.
.. 10," 1911bs mutton at 13 .... .. .. ..
Samuel Herrin, Dr.
.. paid porter. 10s 6d............
Major Shaw Dr.
.. 11," lllb. mutton by John Dutch-
man ................ ' .. .. .. .. .. .. . , .. ð 12 .
Peter Mills, DI.
" 12, .. 38! I bs. flower len t . . . . . . . . . . . .
Young Skinner, Dr.
.. I pint brandy.. ...... 0 5 0
2 suppers at. . .... .. .. 0 2 6
.. 210dgings............ 006
John Wïlson, Jun., Dr.
"13." !pintrum........... 02<<1
Asa Johnson, Cr.
"II, By Ii doz. eggs ......"..........
Mr. Wilcox.
To gill rum.............. 0 3
John Coon, Dr.
.. quart whi.key ...... 0 8 3
" gill brandy .......... 0 1 8
.. gill do .......... 0 1 6
.. ! pt. whiskey.. .. .... 0 2 0
John Oisten, Dr.
.. 16, .. 8s ca
h by Kendrick's boy....
Patrick FIII.nnery, Dr.
h 1 day's board, 48 .. .. .. .. ' . ....
.. . John Cuons. O 'l 8
lpmtrum............ _
" qt. whiskey, by order 0 8 9
.. whiskey, by order... 0 4 ð
wine ..',..'......... 0 6 ,
.. t6lb. flour BOme time
ago .. ... . ..... . . . ....,.... 1 10 2
Johu Yarn came to board Saturday nigh"
Aug. 13th.
John Hunter begun 15th.
Mr. Graham, Dr.
To BIb. mutton ........ 0 6 9
Miss Johnson. Dr.
.. 18," 161 lb. flower lent ............
Stephen Colby, Dr,
pint wine ........... 0 6 ð
.. gill rum.. . . .. .. . , .. . . 0 1 3
Asa John30n. Cr.
"19,Byl0 eggs...... .................
Capt. Cox, Dr.
" 20," su pner ......,....... 0 2 6
John Cox, Dr.
· breakfast .. . .. . ., .. .. 0 2 0
.John Coons, Dr.
"qt. rum .............. 0 8 0
" l pt. ru m ... .. .. .. .. .. 0 2 6
2 lb. sugar............ 06.
Arch'd Cameron. Dr.
"21:," pint wine ...... .. .... 0 6 0

LANDMARKS O:F TORONTO.

..

1796 - Olsten, Dr.
.Äug.21.To bowl sangaree...... 0 6 0
Young 8kinner, Dr.
.. 22. H bowl sangaree.. .. ... 0 3 0
Arch'd Cameron, Dr.
.. pint rum .... -... .... 0 5 0
Major Shaw's orders. 0 1 7
John McDougal, Dr.
.. 32i lbs. beef at lOd .. ... .......
John Coon.
.. gill bitters............ 0 1 4
.. ! rum .... ............ 0 2 0
.. 1 pt. rum ............ 0 4 0
.. dinner.J

.
.

:

0 2 0
John Wilson, Dr'
.. 24," 21 pints bitters.. . .. . .. 0 2 6
II .. I .. sling, , . . . . , . .. 0 3 0
James Fedigre, Dr.
II 25," reckoning last night.. 0 2 9
.. II 3 glasses sling.. ... ." 0 2 9
John Coon.
:: pint rum ............ 0 6 0
glass rum.. .. .. .. .... 0 0 8
II lIb sugar .. .. .. .. .... 0 t 6
II 5rill rum.... .......... 0 1 3
.. 32 lb. flour lent....,. 1 1 2
ñ rch'd Cameron, Cr.
.. 26, By 1 brl rum, 37 gallons. ........ Ü 8 0
.. II 1 .. some time past, 30
gals at 248 .......................... 36 10 0
William Bond, Cr.
.. 27, By Widow White .............. 10 16 0
- Winteno, Dr.
.. .. glass rum .. .. .. . . . . .. 0 0 8
II sling............ 0 1 0
James Pervis3.
II bitters, rum and wine 0 9 6
John COO11S.
" pint rum aGd sugar.. 0 5 6
.. ! pt. bit ters ..,.,..... 0 2 6
Josiah Phelp1!, Dr.
..
. l(ill
um.............. 013
Patrick Flannery,
r.
.. 29. 48 in company................ 0 4 0
John Coons, Dr.
pint sling ............ 0 3 0
glass rum.. .. .. ...... 0 8 0

:

1I
. :: : : :: :: :: :. :: g
g
su
ar. . .. .. .. .... .. .. . 0 t 0

pt. rum.. .... . . . .. .. 0 2 6
Davià. Morgan, Dr.
.. 30, pint beer and (Unner.... ...... 0 3 0
John Coons.
.. 31 .. gill rum.............. 0 1 3
BeEt. 1: :: gill sling.. __ .. .. .. .. . 0 1 6
pint rum ............ 0 4 0
Josiah Phelps, Cr.
"2, ..lbarrelflour.1811bs.......... 3
Samuel Herren.
"3, .. order by Ander:3on . '.. .. .. ..
Caþt. John Cox, Dr.
.. SUl>per 2s, breakfast 250. .. . ,..
John Coon, Dr.
:: 5, .. ! pint rum for girL........... 0 2 0
" qt rum " .. .. . . .. .. - . ,. . ... '" 0 8 0
Arch'd Cameron, J)r.
.. spirits at dinner.. .. .. .. .. .... 0 0
Patrick Flannery, Dr.
.' 6, .. gill bitters .. .. , . . . . . .. .. .. .... 0
John Coons.
:: g
ll wine ............. . . .. .. .. 0 1 6
gill rum ............,.......
0 1 3
Major John Small, Dr.
:: 7. " 3
lbs beef. . . .. .. .. n .. .. . . .. ..
" heart and tongue ............
John Coons,
" 12 lbs. beef....................
Capt. Graham, br.
" 121t Ib50 beet,.....,........ u ,_ 0 10 5

.
,

029
063
010 0

6
3 0

1796 Mr. Skinner, Dr,

eptl1," pint wine......... .. ...... ..... 0 5 .
" . M.r. Galaway, Dr.
,,

:

...:.:..:.:.:.:.:..:..:..:.::.
\ ,
Doct. McCauly, Dr.
II If," 22 lbs beef nt IOd.. " .. .. .. .. ..
Peter Long. Cr.
By killing 3 oxen at8s ..........
.. helping to kill 1 ox, 4s.. ......
John Coons.
.. Ii yds. diaper by wile 0 7 6
.. 16, II qt. rum..,..,. .... .... 0 8 6
.. 17." qt. of rum drank in
house ....,..,....."....... 0 10 0
.. 19. "q
. rum for HerriDgton 0 10 8
.john Kendrick. Dr.
.. 21, To carrying 8 load of brick... . . . . 0 1ð 0
:: :: q
D.rt rum a.nd bottle ........ 0 9 0
pInt rum...................... 0 5 0
John Coons.
.. qt. rum. . , .. .. ... - .. .. ... . .. ..
Thomas Matthews, Dr.
II 25,.' paying John Kendricks
. .. ..
Capt. James Totton, Dr.
:: 26,:: 1 day's board for himself, etc.
qt. wine and 1 zi. bark........
Major John Small. .Dr.
.. the boa.rd of a hired man fro In
8th of AUjZ;ust to 7th September. 30
days, at 38... . . . , .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. ..
Asa Johnson, Dr.
" 27," 1 narrow axe. . . , , . . .. .. .. .. . . .
- We
t, Dr.
" drawing 4 load of brick,. . . ..
Samuel Hf>rron, Dr.
" drawing 7 load of wood.". .. 0 a 0
Oct. 1, " bringing 8 load of brick day
before y
sterday ................ ... 0 16 .
.. II bringing 12 load brick yester-
day.................,................ l' 0
John Holloway, Dr.
Came to board Thursday. 29th 8eptember;
went to Young street; gone one day.
Yarns & Hunter. Br.
.. 2, To board whilst after raft of
boards, 10 days at 4s.... ............ 2 0 0
Thos. Barry, Dr.
.. 5, .. 38t beef at lOd ,. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. 1 Ii 3
.. 7, "
'rench cook bega.n to work the 7th
October. 1796.
French Cook, Dr.
To 2 glasses whiskey.... 0 1 0
Benjamin Cousins, Dr.
.. bottle wine., . , .. . . ... 0 10 0
Peter Pining. Dr.
.. 10, .. note given A. Rehart for him
of.. . . .. , . . . . . .... .. .. ., " .. . . .. .. .. .. 8 0 0
.. 12 lb. beef salted.............. 0 12 0
II 14 pork of Cameron ..........
James Pel'sigð, Dr.
:: U,:: I pint bitters.....,..,...... .. 0 i 0
II z
: of essence of pepper ment. 0 4, 0
zu. of unqueatam ............ 0 1 0
John Coons.
.. gill wine. . . . . . ' . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .
French Cook, Dr.
" Kill whiskey..................
. . . . 17,:: dinners. H.....................

lass whiskey ................
.Harry. Hutchings, Dr.
.. 19," 2 plDJ:
bn
i
t

: jj
: .. ....
.. victuals for bov while here..
Dr. GambIt>. Dr.
Oct 22, To 2 chains. weight 2ït.. . . . . . .. ..
Major Lapalm, Dr.
"23," 2plnts3wine,5s............... 010 0
Mr. Chewett, Dr.
.. 25, .. drawin2 2 loads KOOW!. 4&.....

(J 8 0
080
080
012 0

4, 10 0
o 16 0
080

o 3
010
020
o 6 G
050
050

454

LA
DMA&KS OF TORONTO.

Samuel Matthews. Dr. I
.. ... 3 glasse" bitters, 2s.. ........ I
Peter Pining, Dr.
:!9,:: 3O!ftour. 15g 3d..... ......... 015 6 3 1
41 cheese. 8s 6d . . . .. . . . . .. . .. 0 8
Joh
Lions, Dr.
Nov. I, .. peck salt ..................... 0 5 0 I
John Small, Dr.
S. .. going aft er a. horge, 2ø.... '" .
J oh n Coons.
.. 4,," qt. rum and gill whiskey and
I!lJgar, fs .. . . . . . . '. . . .. .... .. .. . .. ...
Arch'd Cameron, Dr.
.. 6," 14 lb. cheese at 2s ... ...... .. .. 1 8 0
Timothy Skinner. Dr.
.. 8," quart beer, 2s... .... ..........
Major I apRlm. Dr.
9," 17 lbs. beef, IOd........,....... 0 14, 0
Samuel Marthera, Ðr.
.. 14:," Tenneny's share at a dance.. 0 18 3
.Arch'd Cameron, Cr.
.. 19. By an order given Peter Pin on
him.. .. .. . . .. .... .. ................. 10 0 0
John Small, Esq.
..ZS.TodrawinglloadbricK........ 020
Mr. Chawett, Llr.
"28," corn for horge ,............... 0 0 0
Scrgt. McBride, Dr.
.. 29," 124 feet t boards some time
Malcolm Rite (Wright). Dr.
.. sharp at a lodge, 3s 4d.... ....
John McDougall, Dr.
Dec. 1," 171bs beef at IOd..............
Samuel Marthers, Dr.
'.5," ibushelpotatoes,33..........
Arch'd Cameron, Dr.
: 8,:: sundries....................... 1 9 6
..

;If

t
s

.i
.

: t 1
g

7 12 6
Ârch'd Cameron, Cr.
By cash paid Oysten ............. 4 12 0
Josiah Phelps, Dr.
To bread and cheese, 8s.... . . . . . .
James Perrige, Cr.
.. By R note he gave up held
aga.inst me.. .... . , .... . '. . .. .... .... 26 1 5
John Matthews, Dr.
.. 10, .. dinner. 28..... ................
.. ... Wm. BC?
d, Dr.
II, dmner and spirits. . . . .. , . . . .. 0 3 0
.. .. suppers .'..........,.. .. , .. . .. 0 2 0
John Wilson, Dr.
.. U, .. breakfast and slmg, 3s........
..
amuel Herron, Dr,
3pmtsrum .................. 015 0
Jonatha
Scott, Dr.
.. 13," i pint rum. . ..... .. . .. 0 2 0
.. .. i .. ............ 0 2 0
A. rch'd Cameron, Dr.
.. 15," 4, bottle
of wine (all drank in
the house) .......................... 1 14 0
Stephen Colby. Dr.
.. i pint rum .......... 0 2 6
Wm. 'Wilcox, Dr.
.. 16," spirits at dinner..,.. . 0 3
.. .. I'Ipirits at dinner and
after ....... . . , . , . . . .. . . . . . . 0 2 3
Samuel Marthers, Dr.
.. bushel potatoes. 63, . , . .... .. ..
Jo.iah Phelps, 1)1'.
.. .. 10 dollars by order pdid Mat.
thews _ .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. . , . . . .. .. .. " 0 0
Patrick Flannery, Dr.
.. spirits at dinner ..... 0 3
Wm. Bond, Dr.
.. 16," spirits at dinner. . . . . . 0 2 3
: :: glass rum .... , . . .. . .. 0 0 8
glass rum............ 0 0 8

Mr. Beam at White CrpeJr. Dr.
.. ox hide, } deli vered him, } 2 5 0
1 calfskin, I believe. r
.. 1 hide, 73 lb., 36s 6d } .........
.. 1 do. 68 .. 3ts Od ..,......
.. 1 do. 65 .. 323 6d .. .. . .. ..
" 1 calfskin, 6s ................
.. ] dry hide, Ii lb., a.t Is........
.. 1 cowhide, dry bought ...... 1 4, 0

CHAPTER CXL VI.
SIMON WASHBURN'S HOUSE.

The Douse or a Promlllf'nt Barrister or the
Eurly Days or tbe Town.
Conspicuous amon
the residents of York
half a century ago was Simon \Vashbu n,
\\ ho entered UpOll the practice of law here
in he earlv part of tile cen ury. About
1828 or 1830 he built at the north-west
corner of George and Duke streeT8 the sub-
stantial brick s ructure shown in the accom-
panying illustration. Its sir e had pre-
viously been the brick yard of Henry Hall',
a builder and contractor. Here Mr. '" ash,
burn lived up to the lime of his death.
shortly before the outbreak of th
rebel-
lion, and after tha\J event his widow. who
was a sistt'r of Colonel Givins, continued
to occupy the house. At one time Mr.
Washburn was Clerk of the Peace for the
Coun ty of YOlk. He ran for the East
RiàinR of York a!!aiust Jesse Ketchum.
bu twas defea ted. Old residen ts remember Mr.
Washburn a8 being ol1e of the first men
to introduce in this locality the practice
of c
rrying a glaEs in the eye. Skating in
those days was a not very common pas-
time, but Mr. Washbul'D was a devoted
admirer of the sport. and almrst t.very fiDe
afternoon during the season his portly
torm mi'tht be seen on the way to thb
bay with skates on arm. Among Mr.
Washburn's law !;tu,lent8 were Gt'orge
Dug
an, afterward Recorder; the late
Judj:{e Morrison, Mr, l'ost, a Bon of Jordan
Post. and William Wallace. The latter
settled in Port Hope, and at the time of the
rebplliûn he camp to York at the head of a
company ot volunteers raised by him.
Mrs. 'Yashburn was then living alone, aud
the Bank of Upper Canada near by, bein

uard('td again..t an outbrpak, a guard was,
also qU'1.rtered in Mrs. Waflhburn's house.
In 1822 Mr. 'Y ash burn was one of the sub.
scribers to the building of bridges over the
Don. aud about this period, or somewhat
later, he conceived the idea of briniing
into cultivation a tract of land on the
Don, near the Kingston bridge. In its
natural state the prop
rty was all but
uSt'less, from the steepness of the hill-side
on one hand and the wet condition of
the central portion of the flat on the other.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

455

By grading down the hill and filling in I sion required. Samuel Dillon aod
the mllrsh and establishing a. gentle slope Robert Townsend. were apprentices of
trom the mar
in oi the s
ream to the level Rf'lgers at 1hat time, and it was given to
of th.. top of the bank on the ri2ht, a I them to na.il up the neW' board'.l with the
larjle p:ece of land in an eligible position street names at; the respective corners,
might be 8ecured. Toe undertaking was commencing &t River 8treet on the eaat,
b
ull by Mr. Wa
hburn, but was abandoned I and ending on Brock street. on the weøt,
before tbe work wu finished, tbe expense I and at Front street on the south, and Carl.
being heavy and the return remote. ton street on the north-east of Yonge street,
- the latter beiDIl the farthe8
street norta

SIMON WASHBURN'S HOUSE-NORTH-WEST CORNER DUKE AND GEORGE STREETS,

CHAPTER CXL VII I until Bloor was reached. On the w
t
. side of Y onge street Edward street wu
MATHEW WALTON'S HOUSE. the limit, Nellrly ha'f a century before
_ I this, however, Upper George street, which
Tbe aell.deBce of tbe Fl.nt (:Uy (:bamber- only extended &8 Íar north as Queen street,
lain. A.fterward (;onver'ed In'. an Inn. waf! quite thickly built up with small frame
Named 'be t:avan A.rmlJ. hou

s, and in 1830 there were scarcely
Wbat is noW' known all Victoria. street I any vacant lots on it between Ade1.aide and
wu originally called Upper George str .to Queen. At the north ' west corner of Ade-
Ma.IlY of the street names being a.ltered in la.ide a.nd Victoria. streets Ma.thew Walton
.he fortiel, a. contract was given to Mr. SO l built, previous t(\ 1825, a two-ator.y
Rogers to take down, re-paint and re-place frame building, fronting on Victoria. street.
the boa.rds or turnish Dew one8 a.s the occa.- The building, as it now appears, is .bOWD

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

iD tbe accompanying ilIul'ltra.tion
but a.s I building wa. occupied as a pri.ate or
orilliDal1y built, it consisted only of the tenement honøe by vario1D pam... f"r 80me
main 8tructure. the wing extending west- time Bftu Mr. Walton left it.. At one
wwd an Adela.ide street being a ('ompara- I time a taIlor, by the name 0( Wage, OCCQ-
tinl.., recent addition. The only street- pied the upper fioor, A
a later period
donr 'Was that seen ia the centre of the it was taken by Mrs. Elliott, the mother
Viotoria .tNet front. At Ii much later of Humphrey EllioU, who had pre-
period. tbe corner w.. cut out and the I viou
ly kept inns on Queen etreet and on
windo.... adioinin
it Will enlarged. Like York street, and was by ber oonyerted
most houøea of ita kind. built in those into a. tavern. M: 8. Elliott was a natin

--------- ---,
-

I

mB Ot.D CAVAN ARMS-N9R!'H-w.E.'!T OOR
næ A.DELAIDE AND VICTORIA STRB1tT8.
days, there were four square or rectangular I , of the County Cav
n, in It'eland. and
rOoms on lIach floor lOmmunicating with from this circumstance she named It the
a. hall runnin
through the centre of the Cavan Arms. Whi1e proprietress of the
buildinK. Mathew Walton we.a the first I Ca.van Arms, Mrs. Elliott married John
city chamberlain of Toronto. He died Cal kf'ek, a well-known volunteer fireman
from cholera in 1834. He is not to be or those davs. who was lieutenant of onl"
confused " ith the George Walton who of the fire companies, and aftt'rward Cap
published the first. directory of 1833 0 34. 1
in of the Hook and Ladder Company.
Another George \Valton, also a pub- After a time this building was given
lie man, kept a sma.ll retail store on I up, and Mr, and Mrs. Carkeek moved to
the Bouth side of King street. nearly Colborne street, where they opened another
oppoahe the foot of Toronto Itree
. The ho'el under
he same name, and here

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

467

Mr. Carkees: died. Andy Hender
on, for
a time, had the tavern at tbil corner of Vic-
toria and Adelaide stree's. Ita license was
Borne tiDie taken away.

CHAPTER CXLVIIL
OOLIN DRUMMOND'S HOUSE.

Victoria. and Y onge. At the opposite
corner, on J. lie Ketchum', property, stood
the blacksmith I!!bop of Mr. Owen, an
early worker in iron. Mr. Drummond W&8
a. prominent mall. in the community. Be-
sides a large amount of land in York,
he owned a. good many farms througho.t
the country.

.A. BalldlnK' Coni Ide red at One Time One
... 'he Be.t Frame B.IYes in Town.
The lafie two-etorey building, &bown in
the illustration, stands at the north-west
comer of Victoria a.nd Richmond streets.
There was a. period when it was considered
one of the beat fl'amc houses in town, but
time and carele88 tenants ha.ve laboul ed

CHAPTER CXLIX.
THE BLACK BULL HOTEL.

York Wal
old days, for

at tla. Corner .f Qneea aad
8011.0 8treeta.
a. hospita.ble pla.ce in the
the places of entertainmen'

The Old Inn

I

'- -:::=-. ._--=--I
..:._I -.
..
.,=--
: _
;= :-- -

.-----=-
-
--. --
--- -
--

/PO"/7Q, E 41:' Co,

OOLIN DRUMMOND'S HOUSE-NORTH.WEST CORNER RICHMOND AND VICTORIA STR
1i:'1"3.
together in the work of dilapidation until \ in every section of the town were very
to.day i1. is but. a wreck of wbat it was much more numerOU1>, when compared with
half a century a,!:o, when it was the home the population, than they now are. Up
oi one of t h:: wealthiest men of York. The 1 to a recent period, when it was succeeded
house was bnilt by Colin Dr ummond, a. by a. brick building, bearing tbe same name.

cotchman, who came to kork at an early however, there stood at the n()rth-eB.!t
per iod, and here accumula.t. d ala.rJ;te a.mount I corner of Queen and Sobo streets the
of propel ty. His daughter wa.s married to antique-looking inn, shown in the n:ustra.-
Mr. Thomas Andel"son, now a. res;dent of lion, with
wingiD" sign and wooden waTer
Eglinton. Mr Drummond WIloS a carp!'nter I trouah- and pomp in front. This was the
and huilder. H;> owned the entire block Rack -Bull Hotel. a. f ,vourite stcppinrc
on which his residence stood. His work- place for farmers on their way to town
..hop was farther to the westward, between from the west and north-west. The land

458 LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

'-S9

waa ori
inally pa.rt of lot 'No. 14. which
wa.s patented to Peter Russell, March
23, 1798 At his death it pa.ssed by will
Au
usl 23, 1808, the wi:! bf'ln
r
eistered
:\lay 4. 1809, to his sister, Miss Eliz
beth
Russell, who in turn willed it August 3,
1811, in trust to Willidm W. ßa.lliwin,
with power tv sell. He sold the whole on'J
hundl"t'd acrea of the p \r( iot to Mal h
Wll1cock
, on Auczust 20. 1823. At, his
time the property waS a farm. On OctobtH.
20th, 1832, Maria Willcocks sold to Joseph
Lenty iots No. I and 2, on the east
side of Maria s.treet, a street opened and
named after the former owner of the lan
,
MillS Willcocks, but which bas sinc " like
so many of our early city streets, for s()m

unknown rf'ason, be/-'n ch .nged in name
to Soho street. On April a, 1869. Emma
Lenty sold the proFerty to John Canavan
for $4 600. C 'nayan. Febl'Uary 26, 1880,
transferred the land to J ame:l M tcalfe,
who, five years later. so d it to the Land
Seeu! ity Company, which sub.Uvided the
property according to plan 511, September
21, 1885. The Land S<'CUI ity Comp lilY
sold lot No. 10 on willch the Black Bull
HOTel now stauds to Annie Alliss for
$10,000. The first landlord of the hote

was Mr. ï\i ossop, who -reï;ted the park lot
farm and also conducted the hotel. In 1850
'VOl Sandon W6'il the proprietor, and in 1856
John Purdy occupied it. Recently the Black
Bnll has been re-built. in brick, and conduct-
ed by Alliss & Curtis.

CHAP I ER CL.
APE rF:R STREET RESIDENCE.

Where Robert Stanton, Kin!t'" Printf'r, Ed.
.'.r and (;oUec(or a' y.,rk. LiTed.
Among the names entered upon the roll
of Dr. StUart's Home D strict School, at
its open 11
in June, 1807, was that of
Robert Stanton, an EIl:.!lish boy, whose
father was among the pioneers of Upper
Canadll. He had been an (fiic'
I" in the
British Navv. and b
tween 1771 aDd 1786
he sa.w mu;h active service ill the Ed.:st
a.nd W at I.: ùi eli', in the Medite'.ranean,
at th
fÍege of Gibraltar, under G, ner-al
E lioU, aDd on the:' American co
t òming
the R
vo'utionalV war. From 1786 to
1828 he was in the public f" vice, in various
milita:y and civil cap:
('iti s in Lower and
Upper Cana.da.. III 1806 he was issuer of

arriage licenses at Y urk The b 'y R b 'rt
grew up to be a dark-crmph-xionf'ri, weh-
built man of average øtature, who ch se the
printin
blJI"inf'ss I\S his mt'ans of liveli-
hood. In 1821 Charles Fo'h'!r
ill became
King's Printer and publisber of the

Gazette, the first newapaper estab1isQed in
Upper Canada, which, durin
the quarter
of a century of its exiatence, had pa.ssed
throu
h several alterations of namt', its
orIginal 1 itle havjn
be
n the Gautú
nd
Oracle. The dual name had bet'n dropped
r1uring the managemfDt of Dr. Horne, Mr.
Fother
ill'. predecessor in th'3 manage-
ment of the p per. Mr. Fother
n reviTed
the practice of havinQ' a second title, and
inst
Md of ad, ling .he olrl one pf American
Oracle b gavA it that of 'I'he Weekly Register,
Mr. Stanton succeeded Mr. Fothergil1,
who changerl thia p
rt of the name of the
p,'p,r to 'The U. E. Loyalist. Mr. Sta.nton
fo\iowed Mr. FothergiH in 1825, and about
this time he built on tbe west side of
Peter street, at the head of Richmond,
and commandin't the view jown the whole
of tbe latter thoroughfare, a substantial
house of
he secondary brick period of
York. Tht' accompanying illustration giTel
a view of the buildin
. Mr. Stanton con-
ducted the Loyalist for some year8, after
which he becam4il collector of cll5toms at
York. He occupied the Peter stre&t. rell-
dence up to the time of his death. Mr.
CharJes !\JcGratb, a lawyer, aiterwardslil"ed
there, and his widow now occupies it.

CHAPTER CLI
HOUSES OF SIR FRANCIS HINCKS.

A. Sketcob. ot tbe Ltle B11d aemarkable Ca-
reer of 'lie lIerchanf, Poliu""a. and
.. iaaucier.

So far back as thp days of the Tudors
t here was in Ch( shire a family by the na.me
of Hinck<t. At the close of th", seventt'enth
century 000 branch of the family was suc-
cessfully engaged in business in Chester.
One of the m
mbers of tbe Chester firm was
the grandfather of the man who aft
rward
beoame widely known in Canadia.n annah
a!'l Sir Francis Hincks. Amon
his sons
was the Rev. T, .0. Hincks. a m:nister of
the Irish Presbyt rian church, who educa
ed
thrt'e of his five sons for the sacred
ca\ìing. The e
dest, the Rev. Dr. Edward
Hinck!c', became known as one of the first
Orien al I!!choiars ('If Great Britain. Thp.
!<econd. the Rev. William Hincks. was pro-
fe-sorof NaJural Hi,tory in the University
at T ronto from 1853 to 1871, when he
died. Thomas hecame Archdeacon of Con-
nm", Ireland. Tne youngef:t of the five W&8
Franci!', who was born at Cork, Deet:mber
14 1807 He reoeived an education at the
Primal y C aasical School and the R<)yal
Bdfast Institution, which he left ill 1824.
Vanous circumstances induced the youth
to enter upon a mercantile career, and

AR KS OF TORONTO.
LANDA!

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

461

accordingly ìn 1824 he wa! instalbd as I nE'xí door at No. 23, Dr. W. W. BaldwÏ1I
an articled clerk for a term of five years and hh SOD Robert immediately became
in the estabIi"hment of J"hn Martin & Co., intimately a.cqaalllted with the yon
mer-
of Delf.\st. .At the expiration of this time chant, and this friendship ...... maintained
he star\.ed for America in the Anne Comer, for years. In 1835 he secnred the appoint-
one of the ships of the firm en
aced in ment a. cashier of a banking ÌÐstitution
trade with Barb,Ldoes. Trinidad and Deme- ca.]ed Thp. People's Bank, just establhbed
ra.ra.. At Ba.rbadt}e8 he made the ac- in the buildin'C at the north-west comer
quaintance of Geor
e McIntosh Ross, a of King anll B
y 8tre
ta. Th!'} little ware-
)'ouoR merchant of Quebec, who induced house was given up, and Mr. Hincks 00-
Hinr.ks to return with him. Upon hi8 ar. tered upon hi3 new financial du'ies. Bat
rival in Canada he visited in turn the two months later William Lyon Mackenzie
various towns and cities along the route was appointed D rector of the \Ven-md
nn
il he arrived at York, where he spent Canal Company. He brought about an in-
the winter of 1831. The Upper Canadian Ye!tigation of the company's affairs, and
Legisiature ...as in !ession; and voun
secnred the help of Mr. Hincks in examin-
Hincks, with a decided tendency to liberal- ing the books. The latter soon found irreWl-
ism, became a regu:ar attendant at the laritiea inn1Unere.bl
and det10unced the
sessions, and gl'eatly interested in tbe m 1Ba.
ement in terrna that made his name
speeches oi Marsbal] Spring Bldwea, known to a "'Ide circle. The country
hßn
Wilha.m Lyon Mackenzie and Peter Perry, was on the verge of rebe:lion, bdt tihough
the leaders of the Refonn movement. Mr. Hincks did not actually join the in-

.. U...' " I
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1': 01, ,

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HO
, FRANCIS HINCKS' HûUSE-SP ADlNA AVENUE.
In the sprin
Mr. Hinch returned to Ire- I surgent f"'rces, yet the course of h

land an.i ma.rried Mis.,; Martha Anne conduct and his intim'\Cy with the Re-
Stewart, the daughter of a Belfast mer- former.:; m\C!.e him the obj ct of mspic'ou,
cha.nt. and A few cl&ys af
er the cert:mony I and UpJD the iailure of Mackenzie's at..
he sailed for K ew York on his way back tempt he was comvelled to lay in hiding
to Upp
r Canada, to which since his visit for & week in the house shown in the
he had ch,-rished plans of emigrating. He sketch. This building, which is still ÍD
reached his d
..stination. York, in s
Ptember' l existence, is a one-storey s'nccoed cot-
1832. and took np hÏ3 abode in the fram
tage, standing somewha' back from tbe
buil iin
shown in the illustratio:l, and street, on the west si
e of Sp:\dina avenue,
which is still Btanding at the rear of NO' 1 what is now No. 286. 0,\ the arrival of
58 Sherboo1rne street. MI'. Charles Da.ly, Lord Durham, in May, 1838, in tbe wU,}
the old city clerk, arr,ved on tbe same capacity ot G:Jverno!".Ger:eral and her M.....
vessel as :M,.. Hincks and occupied a room I jesty's Hi
h Commissioner, the }eadinl
jn this hou." the first night he slept Reformerd of the pro1"ince ur
d Mr.
in Toronto. Some month
later Mr. Hincks to e..tab!ish and conduct a news-
II:ncki e;;tablish
d h;m;:e'f in trarle in I p ,per which should be the advo
te 01.
!\ Little warehouse at No. 21 Yo
e st!"eet, Rcsp'Jnsib e Gove:-nment. Mr. Hincks eD'
It was owned by the Raldwins, who lived tered into the prf.ject with alacrity, and.

(-

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'/
-

.
n
/, i..
--

462

LANDMARKS OF TORONTQ

in a very ahort time he establip,hed as his I at Ottawa. In 1873 he r(,8i
ned from
persona.l enterprise thp Toronto Examiner, office on the fall of Sir John Macdonald'.
a journal havin
for its motto h ße-pon- ministry, and ace-ept d the pre,-idency of
sible Government ø.nd the V olunta.ry prin- I the City Bank of Montreal which he held
ciple. " After the rep
'rt of Lord Durham øowQ to the !.im
_
it'! collapse in 1879.
was submiUed the Government decided In 1874 his wifè died. H
inarried
gain-in
upon the union of the upper and lower 1875, aud died in Montrea.l, aged 78 August
provinces, and the editor of the Examiner 1 18th' 1885. '
was asked to stand as the Reform call d.-
date for the County of Oxford, in the first CHAPTER CLII.
election held under the union. He and
his frie
ds worked vigorously, and the J A RICHMOND STREET DWELLING.
resn't was that he was elected ov
r
is One of the FallJhloo;-ble BooAes or Work.
opponent, Peter Carroll, by a maJority Upward of Half a (;eotory A.
o. Occupied
of thirty-one votes. He took hi;; seat in by Dr. Newburn and I.awyer '('oruer.
the Honse on the assembling of the L
Ui
la- 1 00 the north side of Richmond street
tore, June 14, 1841. Although Mr. Hincks between Simcoe and YOlk, and near th;
and Mr. Baidwin had heretofore fought c(jrner of th
latter street, cpposite the

!l'HE HOUSE THAT BOY FRANCIS HINCKS AND CHAS .1.IALY, THE OLD CITY CLERK, SLKPT
IN ON THEIR FIRST NIGHT IN TORONTO.

side by side in this session, they were I Church of the AscenslOn, stands the tw(\-
al'rayed against each other on a. measure storey frame dwe1lin
shown in the illns-
known as the Municipal Bill. Mr. H Dc,ks' tration. About 1830, or somewhat before,
course was Fuch that he accepte3 the r.ffice I it was one of the f"8hionable hou-es of
of IDsp
ctor Gf'neral the next year, and York, and wa.s occupied for a time by
whe'l he came np for re.election he WRS I Colonel Markham, Abuut the y"ar that
I eturned by a large majority. In 1844 York b
came Toronto the bte Dr. New-
Mr. Hincks estab1ished at Montreal, where I.urn came over frf'm Enp;land to Ca.nada.
he madf' his own headquarters, the Mon- with his family, Rnrl ta.kiDil up hi
residence
tr('al Pi.lot, which wa!'l carried on for four I in Y urk re"ided for a time in the RIChmond
years. Mr. Hincks' Ca eer after this is a street house. His son, Mr. Thon1il8 New-
matter of general h
story. In 1851 he b">- hurn, Inspector of Customs at Hamilton,
oame premier of the Dominion. In 1856 1 r( membels that he lived th re when a
he was appointed G,>vernor-in Chief of boy &.bout the Yt'a.r 183'1 or 1834. Dr.
Barbadoel! and the Windward I-lands. At N"whnrn sub'f'quenrly moved to Stamford.
\be clo8e of his tenn he was appointeñ to In 1837 aDd ]838, during the reb_,ll on, it
the Government of British Guiana. In 1869 \ wa.s the officers' head quarters there.
he was cre'1.ted a K. C. M G. The same Another tenant wa.s tbe late Mrs. Stowe,
year he returned to Can.ida. and became with her two daughters and two sons.
Miniater of Finan
t&kwi .p his abode The eldest dauihler married the lat.

T.JANDM.A RKS OF TORONTO.

4:63

Alexander Proudfoot, President of the I Hahers are given as follows: "By Plinius
Bank of Upper Canada, and iø now living Secnndm, Toronto: H. and W. Rowsell,
with het married daughter in England. I Ki .g street, 1843." The migration of the
Thu olhpr daughter, the wIdow of Court of lJhancery back to Y Jrk from
William H. Stanton, barrister, is now Kinp:Rton, where it was for a brief time
livin'! in this city. Of the sons, Alfred, the I establish
d, when Upper and Lower Can-
eldest, was manøger of the Upper Canada ada were re united, is thus described in
Bank branch at St. Catharines, and Frede- one p'a
e:
riok was &. c!elk in the Home Offic(3 when I Dredory and lad Wag Frontenac,
the collapse took place.
omewhat later Ti:1y duke ne'er made a clearer sack,
the house became th9 residence of R. J. Than when the edict to be gone
Turner, the father of Frank Turner, who I Issued from the vice-re,!al throne.
was a well-known solicitor in chancery in Exeunt omnia helter skelter

-,l

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I:':'"
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"
..
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..

THE TURNER HOUSE-RICHMOND STREET NEAR YURK.
his day. Mt:ntiou of MI"" Turner's name I To little York avain for shdter J
Is found in a curious productiou in rhyme Little no longer ; York the new
enti led Ouriae Canadensu, published in Of imports such can boast but few;
1843, and writtP.n by John Rumsey, an A goodly freight, without all brag.
.E"Jl;li
h barrister, who once lived herp-' j \Vhen comcs 'moDgst others Ma.;\ter Spragge,
The t;tle in full of Mr. Rumsey's book, And E!kilfui Turner, 'YerstJd in
leading,
whi. h consists of 1:!7 octavo pap;e!!. is a8 The KinSl;ston exiles gently leading.
follow8: II Ouriae Oanaden8u, or The To the last line is added the following
Oanadian Law Courts, beioSl; a. poem I note of explanation: J. G. SpraJ!'ge. Esq.,
descl'ibing the several Court!! of Law ..nd the present very hip;hly esteemed and re-
Equhy which have been erected from time "pec t'd M'\ster of the Court of ChaDoeI7 I
to time in the CaDa.das, wi h copious I R. J. 'furner, E
q., a skilful Equity
not"ø, t'xp
anatI)TY and historical, and an Drallllhftsman and Solicitor in Chancery.
appendix of mu<:h useful matter. II Then I A Mrs. Daly occupied the Richmond street
follows .. quotation from Virp;il, and the dwellinp; for a time, and it has .ace beeIa
ROn de pl"1M of the author and the pub- occupied by .....rioul tenants.

464

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

CHAPTER CLIII.
THE MARKET LANE SCHOOL.

.&.a Early Edue.Uonal InlUtution on What
Is
ow c.;olborne 8Iree'.
On the north aid. of Ma.rket lane, now
Colborne street, there stood in 1ibe early
part of the century a frßme building of two
.toreys, 30 feet back from the street. This
was the Masonic Ha.ll, the first etruc.
tore In York that enjo)f'd the ootiriè'tlon
of a cupola. This appendage at the
western gab'e. 8upport
d by slender prop!!,
was intended f01' the reception of II. bell,
which, however, was never supplied. On
the outside of the buildinll, at the western
ead, was a l!ltairca.se lea.ding np to the
Masonic Hall on the second fhor. In the
hall wt:re held tht> first meetin
s of the
first MechéUlics' Institute. Her..', too, were
de1iver
d the first popular lectures., amon

the lecturers bein
John Fenton, fOf some
time the parish clerk of St. James' church.
So early as 1820 the Masonic H ,
ll bore a
weather-beaten app
arance. The lower
part of the building was used as a school-
house, known as the M,.I.l'ket Lane school.
The m'teters were successively M.r. Stewart,
Mr. App
eton and Mr. Caldicott. Of theBe
the be8
known wa.s Thomas Appleton, a

ood teac
ler and a kind man, held in
t q'.lally hi
h esteem by the pupils and
their parents. Mr. App'eton wa.s after-
ward majter of tile central school, and
th
re for a t'm
Mr. Fenton was his a.s-
sistant. The teachers' seat was at the
ri
ht of the door as one en:ered the build-
ing. Plain wooden benches and desks of
the most primitive fashion were the ø.ccom.
modations provided for the scholus, of
whom there were about thi1ty, in the year
182'2 There were no bUlldin
s between
the ßchool-house and the bay, and from
the windows the boys and girls could
watch the vesscls <'ODling and going,
Among the pupils of thJ school in 1822
wa.s young McMurray, who afterward be-
came Bishop of Nia"ara His father kept
a little huckster shop in a small frame
building on the south side of King a'reet,
mid-way bp.tween Y on
e street and Leader
Lan
. \Vhile a school toy the future
bishop Wa!! a pag-e in the House of As-
8etnb:y. On lea.ving App!eton's school he
for a tim'3 .
nt to Dr. Strachan's school.
He was a.
terwa.rd sent to western Canada
as a mh,sionary. and Nhile there took for a
wife an Indian woman. A b!"other of
Bishop McMurray also attended the school.
H
became a watchmakel'. George and
G
t-dner B
8twick, and their sisters, May
..nd Margaret. wt're pupils, as were also

Alfred and Thaddeus Pa.trick and theÏl
sister
. The belle of the s
hool was Ma.r.
gQ.ret Fair, the d1\ughter of land:ord Fair
the sncce
or of Mr. Frank in the m..n&ge

ment of Frank's hotel. and afterward the
proprietrJf of a hotel on King street.
Pretty Miss Fair married a worthless
fe:low, and became 80 reduce:l in cirCG.m-
stanc
8 that she was ob
iged to take in
washing. H
r brother, Bob Fair, was
also a scholar of Mr. Appleton's, In the
M
ckellz'e rebellion he joined McGrath's
troop, al1d Was thrown from his horse, near
the Don bridge, and killed. Another pupil
was Thomas Wallace, the son of a Church
street ca.binet.maker. He afterward took
up hh residenc
in New York. AmonSl;
the scholars from the Don were Richard
p.avter and William H lliwt'll. O,h.r
scholar!! were Jam"s Lumsden and Daniel
'Bancroft; Eliza'beth' and Susan Bright, a
d
Jobu Murch son, whose shop w..s where the
Clyde hotel now stands. Mr. William Hel-
Ii well, of Hi
hland Creek, is, in 1893, almost
the sole aurvivor of Mr. Appleton's scholars
in 1822,

CHAPTER CLIV.
CRISPIN'S TAVERN.

Tbe Balldlnc at 'be North-east
orDer o.
Yurk aJld BldlmoDd Street.,
Wh'3n Sir John Co]borne came to '\ ork
in 1828, 1108 Lieutenant-Governor of the
province, he brou
bt with him his coach.
man, Richard Crispin. a bi
, sandy-haired,
jolly Englishman. During his sen-ice here
he married one of the girls emp!oyed in Sir
John's household. Shortly aft
rward ihey
left Sir John's employ. and rentlD
a sm311
one-and-a-half storey frame house, built a
f 'w years preVIously, at the north-ea.st
corner of York and
ichmond street8, they
there opened a. tavern, which was for many
years a p'Jpulal' place of resort. The hous
.
wh"ch il:! still standing, Ïi øow occupied as
a shop, The entrance to the tavern was on
Richmond stroot. The buildin
waa oriei-
nally painted yellow, but is now dingy witb
age. It wa.a bUilt on the corner of a plot
of ground of an acre or more. owned by a
black man, na.med John Long, He and
Mr. Crowther. a carp
nter by trade, aud
the fa.ther of the late James Crowther,
owned the whole of the block b ,unded by
York, RIchmond, Bay and Queen st.reets,
Mr. Lon
h
ving tbe weskrn portion and
Mr. Crowther the
a.stern. Landlord Cris-
pin bought his beer from the. Helliwell'
.
the Don brewers. and on their book
hl8
na.me was entered, not as Ri.chard Crispin,
but as "Coachman" Cri
p'n. The bui:d.

0)

LANDMARKS OF TORO
TO.

465

RICHARD CRISPIN'S HOTEL.

in the world eyery year are children under
ten years of age, yet up to a few years a
o
the child hu been neglected. The medical
profession has unanimously declared for the
child's hospital, not mere y as an advantage
bu' as an absolute necessity. Almost
fitteen years ago 80me charitable ladies of
Toronto, &mon
them being Mrs. Mc-
CHILDREN'S HOSPITALS. I Master and Mi.s Knapp, took it upon
_ themselves to establish such an institutior.
The 'Various Bulldlar;!I thl. (:harit:r nal Oc. Several prominent physician. volunteered
eupled filnce Us Eitablllhment-The (:on- their gratUl'ous services, and voluD *ary sub.
Talescents'Dome oa the Island. scription. came to an a.mount 8ufficien' to
The Hotel Dieu, !ong known as the
\J aison warran' the managers in b
ginning the
Dieu, in Paris, is the most ancient, a.. ;t is work. Accordin
ly the tWO.StOl ey rcd
now the largest, hospital in the world, It brick house, No. 31 A venue stref!t, was rer"
was founded in the seventh century. ed. It had formerly been a priyate residence.

everal London hospitals date ba.clc. to the It had a IY\ansa.rd roof, a basen:ent anù bue-
middle of the sixteenth century. Amerio&ll ment entrance, and contained eleven rooms.
'hospitals were established half a century This house was simply furnished with
before the colonies declared their indepen- suitable comforts for t,he care of sick chil-
dence. There was a hospita.l in Toronto in dren. Mrs. McMaster was chosen president.
,he early part oi the present century. A matron, nune a.nd seryant were engaged.
But these were all for adults. It was Six little iron cots were pu' up-eAch
not until comparatively recent times that little cot with its tray made to slide up and
tl. claims of children w-ere re
ogn'z)d. down at the pleasure of the patient., with its
A writer in a London maza.zine of 1850 toys or books within reach, Meanwhile
Bpeak. of them as a new departure. AI- the woman wt-o had been engaged... matron
thoug"" more than one-third of the deaths died, and the" oman who had been engaged
30

ing was ocoupied by Crispin as a tavern
until his death, ....hich occurred there, after
which hi. wife-they had no children -went
to Richmond Hill tõ lin.

CHAPTER CL V.

466

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

as nurse W&8 retained as matron. The I destitute ot convenit:nceø especial1y
building having been rented for two years neoessary for the medical attendanca and
at an annual renta.l of $320, and everything careful nursing of sick children. It was
pnt. in readiness. on March 23rd, 1875, th
I then decided to mOV6 the ho
pital to more
first children's hospital in Toronto was desirable premises at the earliest possible
opened. But now strangely enough no opporl unity.
pa.tients came. The gooù ladies in charge of Casting about for a suitable place. the
the institu ion again and again and again I building then vacant, but formerly occupied
visited the poor people beg!{ing pJrents to by the Protestant Sisterhood cl.t. No. 245
send their sbk little ones to the hospital but. Eliz'l.beth str6et. presented itself. inquil'-
all in vain. At length t,he first patient cr.me, ies were madr, and it was ascertamed that
a little
irl named MMgie, who had fallen I the building was particularly adapted for
into a tub of hot water and was badly scald- the purpo
e desired, and availcl.ble upon ess)'
ed. The next day another pJ.tient came and terms. NejZotiatIom. were at once entered
then others until the hospita.l was filled. I upon. for the purchase of the prltperty

I.'he Avellue street hou e proving deficient consisting of land runnmg from E.izabeth
in many respects the hospital was removed I street to E:nmastreet. with the main building
June 1, 1876. to No. 20ö Seaton street. the to be used tor an hospital. and the cot-

:1, '

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I I . I I \ \ I II! i I ' , ,II I I I
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THE SECOND HOSPtTAL-SEAZ'!>N ST.
buildin2 .hown in the illustration app
arin't I tage fronting on Emml'- street. The property
then as now with the exception of th ,wing Wa'I boujZht, ,nd in 1878 the hospital was
which ha.s sincE' been added. The Seaton I mOTcd to the premises. Three YE'ßrs later
street house was detached with some the building wa'J pronounced unsafe. ar,d it
ground adjoining and on this account was was found necessary to seek new quarters.
considered more Luitable for the children. I In 1881 the ho pital was moved to No. 84
At first the intention was to buy Jarvis ,.treet, the north west corner of that
the property which wa.s valued at strpe
and Lombard. wh rp it remained until
$6,000 but this idea W&8 abandoned 1888. The report for 1888 shows that the
as soon as it became evident .that the house I number of patients treated in thll t year
as
though detached and p03sessmg the luxurv 1 137, of whom 39 were cured. 62 wer" 1m.
of a large and pleasantly-shaded play proved. 28 were nnimproved and f died.
gronnd, W&8 unsuitable in every othpr For a just appreciation of the excell nt re-
respeot for hoøpita.l purposes, being wholly suIts obtained, it must be remembered tbat

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

467

a 2reat proportion of the children admitted
are sufferin2 from chronic diseal'\es.
Iv 1888 the hospital was moved from No.
84 Jarvis to No. 90 J at'vis,1Io few doors above
where it is now temporarily located. until
nf;W and enlar'Ced qu?orters may be obt lined.
On this subject the report for 1888 says :-
" A whole year has passed, Rnd althougb
the Report must J:{O out without cl\rIying
any dt:fìllite statement as to where the fu-
ture l.o!'pital is to be erected, it is not b
-
cause wa have beell idle. Plans were pre-
pared for the oid site, t"nders received, etc.
when a SUQ'gest'on was made hy the Uni
verlility &.Ulhorities that we should aill iate
with them, as they intended to erect a Gen-
eral Hospiral in the Queen's Park, t J be
nailed the Park Hospital; und in return for

of tiny humanity. who are not eligible for
any of the 'Homes' in our city 011 account
of physical or mental deformities, could be.
under our care: practir.ally a home tOI
c1"ippled and deforme,l children, fo: these
are irtle sufferers all more or less, and &8
such belong to U". No hospital ca.n retain
thtm, as all hospital WOl k is essentially
cu "ative; and such 'cases' kept therein
crowd out others whose ailments could be
relieved if nor cured JJ
The L'1ke"ide Home for Sick Chililren on
the bland h an adiunct to the Children's
HOdpital, and irs purpose is a convalescent
home cJurinJ( the summ r. It is the per-
sonal gift of Mr. J. R08s Rubertson to
SIck children between the ages oi two and
fourteen years, Irrespective of race or re-

SUCh clinics as we could give to the 8tudenrl- l ligion. One of the conòitions on which i'
of the University Medical School,thpy would was given is that its doors and thfJse of the
give U!1 a site on which to buÏ d. This pro- mOther hospital in Toronto shall alwaYfl be
position met wit.h our approval,
s
t practi- I ope
to tbe chil
ren of the Masnnic fra-
cally glLve us the value of our Colle2:e ave- termty. The cIty granted lot No. 68 on
nu' lot: - SlY $20,000. However, after the Island for the purpose of its erecrion.
waiting till the summer bas Jl":Jne, the It was op"ned Thursday, July 5tb, 1883.
University scht'me of a hospital in the Park I Since its erection a wing has been ad let! by
bas been indefinitely abandoned. \Ve are Mr. Robertson who proposes to enlar2'e it
now negoti'>ting for the purcbas" of 'Property still more. The Home occupies a eite on
adj Lcent to the city, and larget' than our 0 d I the w
st point of the Island, nearly one

ite, wh
re w
c'ln have trees apd groun(ls I hundred yards north.west of the lighthouse,
lor the lIttle sIck folk, and wbera tbe fu'ure and the same distanoo from the
works hat our Fatber may ha.ve for us to south shorE' of the Island, It is
do may from time to tIme be perfec'ed. It twenty minutes' walk from the dock at
has always been our plan to have in our I Hanlan's Point." The buildil.g is of very
bOllpital a ward where tbe odds and ends attractive appearance. It is constructed of

468

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

.eod and built in that I
ht and airy atyle loW', and co..iderable of a MIl I!8n down
..Web arohiteeu consider beat øuí\ed to to the creek, which hlloJ since beeD filled
pIa.. de-igned jor au.mmer residenceø. up, :Mr. Hu.tchins('D wss a bl&.cklnnith ILnd
'l'be
'ior is finished in Canadian pine iron worker. Hi. ",bop wa.s 80 log MiildiDi.
and every prori.ion ia lRade for the com.f.orl at the Mluth-paet corDer ot Duke and On'ario
. the inmates. A broal nranda.h partially 8tr
.. Mr. lKtc1unsoB and George Heth.
.-ci.-e1es \he building. Thil!! is t'M> sklrieJI erinQ;\on were th. contracto&'s foe di
iug a
ill
ht and is reached by ,wide dðorw. we I and siBkinJ" a pump in tàe Market
There Ule inva.lids are placed during 110 por- I Equre in 1823. A abort diakroe eat;tward
rioa of every fine &y. A la'lndry Mld a of Mr. Hu,ohinson'B property, aBd a few
w&sh house have been er
ted at the eM' yarde west of the corner of Duke and P-ar-
CAd of the building, and an ample supply of liameDt Iwed., lind at an early
riod

." -::-- -

-------.... -- -----...-=..-.
--
---
.
THE FOURTH HOSPITAL-JARVIS STREET.

Richard Coates, a very ingE:ni()us man con.
nected with the dawn of art in York, He
was a self-taught painter, but he executed
very faithfully many portrait. in oil of the
ea.rly worthies of the town. He painted
for DaTid 'Vil1son, the founder ()f the
., Childr, D of Peace," .he symbolical decora-
tÍ<>DS of the ':l:emple at SharoD. He was
110 musicia.n, both instl umental and VOCíi.l.
Tbe Second Family Reilidence of Stone In his house was an organ of his OWD con-
BuiU In Tork. struction on which he performed. He also
AD account has previously been given of built a similar organ for Da.vid Willson.
.Mr. Hunter's house, which was the first Mr. Coates also made a f>tudy of ship-
stone residence in Y C'rk county. Almoilt building, and ne CQn
'ructed iD the ya,rd
at -iDë-'eaÏne- Ünìe thãt rt was built Yr. about h;s hcuse a. ple!lo8ure ya.cht of hand-
John HutchiÐSCD ereded a larg;, fqua.re Sf'me model of about Dine tons burden. A
It01.1e h
"e of three storeys, sta.nding a BÞO
t distance farther l.astward 80 road rlUl
little 8ack from t! e roadVl'ay, on the I:orth north frf m King street, leading up to a
side of Dtlke btreet, between Ont
I io Rnd I substantial red brick buildillg. This W&S,
.Berkek, streeh. T11Vl buïdin
, which is in the old t:mes, the only Ronu.n Catholic
akU .tRndin
, l ut its material hidden under I church in York. Tesselated patterus orna-
a COM
of stncco, was erected s()me time mented the north aDd south wails. &R<l on
previoW! to 1820. Here was ql\ite a hol- its spire stood DO
a cro- s, Lut a fixed

pure wa,1;(>r Ì8 brought from the lake by
!Deans ef a wind Riill OD the la.ke shore.
In t,bis p
ea8a.nt retreat the little conval-
escutll
ow and thrive from May
I:kp-
iember every year.

CHAPTER CL VI.
JOHN HUTCHINSON'S HOUSE.

LANDMARKS OP TORONTO.

469

.....ather.cock covered with tin. OIM of the I to the store wu at the wes' nd Wosa PrÌl1.
p.,iet\
who ofiici...ted here was Fa.ther ce
aLreet ; this, on the c1osioe 11}' of the
O"Gt'ady who lor aD indÌ1JcretioD was bUSIness, w&! shut up, 'I.'be entr ...nee to
summon
d before the POp3. The' road the domüiW: portion o
tlae building iI en
Pd.lace street. H8I'e., fer many yca.n. Mr.
_ _ _.' LPltge carried on II. p
'ofitable trade, not Uae
'- Wi--=--":,- ---=-,,- " ,::, leaøi lucragye part of which eo':aÏ8kd of

--.--. the &..'\18 In ]arg' qu..wtJ,Ûe8 of whiskey by
the qnart te tbe Indians. Mr, Le
e DI&r-
ried Mis3 G:-ae
Ca.wthra. He wa.s ODe of
the origina.l pew-holders in St. J LIlIeS'
church He WIW5 the owner
elu farm
on Yonge street, wh re Mount Pleau.Bt
c metery now i-<. Tbe P"laee street hou.,c
was 8ub

quentlT occupied by Mr. Co
li.r,
an officia.l in tb -. Canada Compa.ny. He
wall a portly, fine-Io(1kin
man, aDd an
ardent sportsman, one of his faYoari"e
excursions with his gun bein
up the Don
in quelJt of woodcock. Mr. C.oIli.:or oecu-
pied. the ÞC?EIIJ on PIIola.ce street up t. hisc
death, which occurred recently.-

.-. , M

""1[" "',

, l.

/'

-L

I

. .
' .,)

,.. '.U . -
,
' }- 1L"
, ',', . -:J
,

..
\,';>......
.....--=-
;'-
---
""1-;:
42.U'''.
.::La._-''''''.........c.
...::.--=--
\

JOHN HUTCHINSON'S HOUSE-DUK:Jt 8TRJ:Kt'

CHAP fER CLVIII.
JOHN BEIKIE.S DWELLIN 3.

leading 1Ip to the eh.n1"Ch now c
m8mo-
rateR th,
name of B'sbop Power, who lo.t
his life i. attending 1;0 tile aick emigrants
of 1847.

TIle Dome 8t a.. Early SIller" .
T nrli:,
A.Rerward eu..pled by WUII... .".8&011,
On the north IÏde of Front street, west of
the o
d Greenland Fishery linern, aDd oriai-

<

:
=--
ßEXANDU LEGGE'S HOU
.-XORTH

CORNER FRONT AND PRI
CESS STREETS

CHAPTER CLVII. I DAry flepa.rated from it by a l
and a sm ll:
ALEXANDER LEGGE'S BUILDING.
ildiDg, and just e&3t of Windsor atreet

- still 8
andJI a rather la.cge, h:gh, twc-storer-
..&.n Early Place oj' BusineliS at the N'ortb,eaa' frame house. This wa.s tbe houae of )dr.
(;orner of Prince.. Bud Palace Sireela. I John Heikie, commonly knowu in hia My
One of the ea.rl.. shop
eeperø ot Y ork W
& as Colonel Beikie, and was built by him for
Alexander Legge, estabhshed here ea
ly In a residence in the ea,r]y part of the ceDbry.
the ceatury. His store and home were 10 tbe I In 1820 \here was DO lJui141ÍL
west of it
two. storey building at the north-e \st corner u,ll;il R
cei"er-General Crookshank's hoeee
of Palace, now Front. and Prince
s st
eet
. 1 W&I reach.d. Mr, Beikie was one of th'J
It is still standing, a.nd but. for Ita dllapl- ancient officer
of t.be lo.:al and proYiIMlial
dated look hat} the same appearance as it I government. He came t.o York M aD earl1
wore nearly a century ago. The entrance date, lor in 1803 he WIWi one ot the ori
a.l

4:70

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

pew-holders of St. James' church. Fis tAd,
uprigh\, ..taidly mov nl:{ form, g
nera.lly en-
veloped in a lOll
, snuff-coJoured overcoat, is
I!till remembered by 80m' of the oldest In-
habitants of the town. He was shedff of
the county in 1811 and 1812, 80\ the p
rlod
when the first stockaded jJ.il Wail in ex-
,

-

--:::::--

...--.--
.JOHN :BBIKIE'S HOUSE-FRONT STREET.

istence, and where the courts were ht-ld in
the IZOVt-rnment buildinllS, afterward burned
by the Amt::ricans. At a lat. r period-
1820 to 1825-lte W8.S Clerk of the Execu-
tive COunCIl. Wilham Robinson succeeded
Mr. ßÛkie in the _ ()ccupan
v of the house.

CHAPTER CLI.K.
THE MACDONELL HOUSE.

ODe or the Old JJanslons of Early Toronto-
InlerellUuK Dela.ls.
This house, 8. two-storey frame buildin
.
rough-cast, situat.ed at the north-east corner
of Adelaide and John streets, was built by
the late HOi1ourable Alexander Macdonell
in 1818, 8.Jld 18- "Ü1T in å'- good' 8t8.t(;- of pre-
servation. It was 01 i
inally enclosed
within the block of nint: acres of land
situa.te between what are now John and
Simcoe streets and Adelaide and Richmond
streets. It is Ql'namented in front by a
lar
e 'DortÏco and round columus of the
heiJtht of the hnuge. The land Wall pur,
ch&lSed in 1799 and 1800 from diff
rent

patemee8, in aOl'e and half lots Hot different
ratf>s, ranging from ClO
El00 per acre.
These a.cre and hii.lf acre 10 s ape shown
on the 1"an of the to"n of York, .P!"
'
þared by Surveyor.G-eneral Smith in 'he year
one thousand .even hundred and ninety-
Beven, with the names of Borne of the
patentees wriLten thereon. The 10IS on
N t:wgate street were described in the
patents and deeds of conv",yance to Mr.
Macdonell 6.'1 on north side of Ru<sell
Squa.re. The 'trounds ",el'e 8evolt'd to
gi1.rdening purpGses, and also farming on
a small scale, 8.8 was the custom with many
havin!:." suffident land for the purpose to
do in those days-about one-half of the
above l.lock. en:losed in a high, close Loard
fence, having been used as a ge.rden, and
the other half for field crOD3 and pd.8ture,
It was in this field that the aniRuls were
exhibited at the first agricuhural show
held in Toronto, about forty-five years
ago; while the exhibition of grains, veg.-
tabL s, ÌI ui ts, &c., was held at the o!d
govelDmt'nt house. Th} g>lrden part of
the block lDclud"d an orchard of 60 or 80
apple, pea.., plum, cherry, peach aud quinoe
tr
es, as well as gr"pe vines, all of which,
inc uding the p 'ach and quince. bore
a.bunda.ntly ; ancl many a boy of the era.
previous to thi, ty years agr., relished the
flavuur of its Slolen fruit. A lllor
e ra.vine
cro3>ed the block, ca.us, d by a mea.ndt'ring
stream that flowed through it; and this
ravine. as seen from tbe
tret'ts, OR the
north and 150uth tildes. preseMPd 8. pre-\ty
garden and meadow s'!ene. fr' m the midJle
of .hich towered up 86 0[' 90 feet hi
a
large elm tree, w th a ci,'cumference of.
about 20 feet at the bottom of its trunk.
and with iracefully-drooping., wide-spread
branches at the top. Heneatft this tree
were buried in olden time the tavourite
. hor;;es lin.! dogs of the fa.milv; the former
including the fleet as well a8 the useiul.
and the latter the sportioS(' as well as the
watch do
; many of them distinguished
by roval names, among the firilt beiug
., Prince Charlie" and "Harry Hot-
spur," aDd amonJt the latter "King
James," In addition to which amon't the
latter was the stern bull-dog, "Boxer,"
who, in pursuit of the orcha.rd thi
"'es,
got piec
s of many a boy's p mts and some-
times of their skin, too, in his teeth.
TillS tree could be seen from a long dishnce
in many direClions, and 8urvhed until ..
few ye
rs ago, when Mr. Ra.113om, who
had purohas d the lot OD which it wall
situated a.djninin't his r('sidenoe, for tile

ke of the tree. on findin't some drad
branches ooca.sionalty falling frOll1 it, for
fea.r of accidentl oecurr:ng thereby, sub.

.71

LANDMARKS 01' TORONTO.

je
ted it
,.. the cruel axemlln's" skill, and
hll.d it levelloed te the- ground. At the
ori/.foal clearing up of the block. two
otàel B of ita ocigin.al forest cûmpanionB
were preserved; but, rluriwt the Americ&ll.
Invasion of York, in 1813, they feU VIctims
to drag k.ind:ed at their roots. In the
account of incidents connected with t
e
life of Mr. Ma.cdooell wUch follows, we
ha.ve obtl\Ï.ned some particulArs from friends
and ot hel"S from .. Stewart's Sketches of
the HighlanderB," and Stone's .. L fe of
BFa.nr," a.nd from Dr. Sce.dding'B " Toronto
of Od."
Mr. Macdonell was born in 1762, at
Foct Augustus, In verne
ehire, Scotiand,
and was the son of. Captain Alla.n Mac-
donell, who, with his family, (wi
e and
three son8 and twO daughter!) along
wiUl bis two brothers and their famUes,
and other kinsmen and H ghlandera, on the
ad..,ict' of Sir William Johnson, in 1773,
parted with their properties and emigrated
from Glengarrv, in Scotu.ud, to America,
and settled in Tryon (sinct' _liE'd Schoharie)
o.unty, in the Mohawk Vall
y, in the
thn Britiah Province of New York.
'1'be Ulroo brothers were liOns of tbe re-
nowned "Glengarry," &ad were better
knowll &moog iheir clansmen by the name
of their estates in Scotland-Leak, Aber-
boUa.d.er, and Culla.chie-than by their
gìgell DI'mes, as is often the case with
otber
of the clan. From the time of the
bé'
inniDi ef the American Revolution the
Scoi<.'h settlers in Tryol:l Connty presernd
their allee'Ìance to the Britiah Crown;
and, notwithstanding 1tl. ÏI1trigues adopted
'by the insurgent portion of the other ooÌ<t-
Bists to seduce or coerce them from their
fealty, they maintained their adhesion
thereto, and thereby incurred the hatred
and hostility of the revo:utÏonists. In
the month of Januuy, of the year 1776,
General Schuyler, ha.vin
been sent from
Albanv by the then called co Commissioners
of the Continenta.l Con2ress of the Thirteen
Colonies" with a large force, (about 3,000,)
of embodied 1I1Ï\ith., for tha purpos
of diB-
arminJl the loyalist Scotch of the settle-
ment, under pretence or rnmour that they
were p:'f'parin
themst'lves for the purpose
of espou;in
the royalist cau"e, when
within a short distance of the settlement
sent mEsscngeri'! b Sir John Johnsou i

a.dvancl:., to apprise him of the approa.ch
of the forc'3, and inviting an intprvitw whh

irn, to Bettle peaceably terms oi surrender
of the arms and military stores in the
settlement. In the interview which oc-
curred, and
v.nous DeJ2:otiations and
communications in connection therewith
Captaiu Allan Macdonell W&8 associa.ted

with Sir John Júhnson. Tne result of th3
n
qtiations was the surrender of the High-
landers, to the number of between 200 and
300, of tbei:- urns, and the taking' of six
of tkeir number prisoners, among them
Captain M.acdonell &00 two of his nephews,
they beiB
sent to Lancaster, in Pt'nn-
syl.-a.nia, to be kepi in a measut'e as
hOi!ta.
s.. that the others would 110: take
up armB. In the month of .May foUowinl';
this' occurrence, Sic John Johnson, with
the able-bodied of the st>ttlers, Mr. Mac-
d
nell, the subject of this al,ticle, and his
unelet! and cousins, being of the number,
left the settlement and their properties,
and made their way, most of them on foot,
$brough the forest to Montreal, having
surmounted obstac:es of eve-ry kind, and
encountered all the suffering tba& it seemed
possible for men to endure, the journey
ha.Ting occupiE'd nineteen days' time, and
their pi ovisious getting exba\lsted.. A6
soon aB tM insurgent; a.uthorh,iea at Albany
heard of the depa.rture of the Scotcla set-
tl
rs thE'Y were very irate; and.. rel!,imens
of sol,1iers, under C"lonel Dayton, W&B
despatched &0 tbe 1oce.1ity, an6l .. rather
acbitrary search and Examinatir,n mr.de
under hii lupenision a.D.Ù direction of the
h01!ses and homeB occupied by the familiee
of those in tbe aettlemen&; and the wivea
of some of the more prominelit of the Bet-
t.lers were taken pri'Jonerii and remoTed,
some to Albany, among them Lady John-
son, a.nd others to Schenectady, among
tbem Mr. Macdonell's mother, (her iw.
dau2ht..rs being allowed to accompany her,)
to be kt,pt, it was stated, all hO!ltali(es for
tM peacea.ble eonduct; of the royalists; but,
ill. reality, to preven' them holdin
com-
munication with, or rendering &8sistance to,
them. Mrs. l\I acdonell W811 a sister of the
Laird of MaC'Nab, whose lon, a notable
person in former years here, claimed the
title of Laird, and wa.s setrled in the neis.!)}-
1:ourhood of the town ot Perth. She m!ln-
aged to effect her escape from the place of
imprisOilment in 1780, and made her way
to New York, which was then ill po
session
of the British forces. It was not tong after
the Scotch arri.-ed in Montreal bf'for
they
were embodied into different B:,itiRh regi-
ments; some In the Royal Greuadiprs, un-
der Sir John Johnson; some n the Butler's
R
ngers, under Colonel Butler, and some
in Royal Highland Emigrants, under
Coloneì McL 'od, afterwards renumbered
as the 84th regiment.
Mr. Macdonell, being then too young to
receive & oommi<sion aR an officer, was at
first attached &8 a cadet or .-oluntef'r to the
regiment of the Royal Highland Emigrants.
The regiment was soon engaged in active

472

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

work; ø.nd was a.mong the force. Bent on an
expeditiol1 into the nehzhbourhood of their
formt:'r sett.lement;. Xryon County; and
M.r. Macdonell vra.s ear,y initiated into the
hardsh p
and privations of a. soldier's life.
Hp. was pr,sent at the attack upo:! Scl1Uyler,
and was at the battle of O:-i-kany, and took
part in the skirmishes in the Valley of tbtl
Mohawk. When hib mother hea.rd of his
having received his commission as ensign
in the reQ:iment referred to, which was
afterwa.rds numbered toe 84th, h
bcin"
then 16 years of age, she wrote congratu.
lating him, and gave him the heroic adTice
to cor.duct himself bravely, and remember
that h. had Scotch blood in his veins.
He was in the battle of Monmou
h in
1778. After this he was sent by Sir Henry
Clinton, at New York, to GeDp.ral Ha!di-
mand, commJ.ndinp; in Canada. Shortly
after his arrival In Canada. he was trans-
ferred to Butler's R..ngera with rank of
lieutenant; and shortly afterwa: ds, in
1781, accompanied an excursion of detach-
ments ðf several regiments sent into the
Mohawk V all
y for the purpose of destroy-
ing lIome fortresses ther
; and although this
was succesjfully accomp
ished, the difficul-
tie'3 encJuntered, as may be supposed, were
v
i{reat, and Buoh as could only have
been endured by hardship and determined
nerve. The time occupied in goini a.nd
rdturning wall two months, and they were
obliQ:ed to carry their provisions on their
backs anå camp without coverin
. During
the two Lllowin't yearB he continued in
acti"e servioe tbrou2hout the section of the
country, constitutinp; the northern part
of the State of New York and the easterB
and northern portions of the State of
Pennsylvania. During this time he wa

frequently associated, and on the m03t
friendly tprms, with Chief Joseph B:'ant
and his Indian warriors. The last expedi.
tion, on which he served during this war,
waB one composed of severa.l cúmpanies of
Butler's Rangers and of other re
im9nta as
well as somfo Indians, sent for the purpose
of trying t(j"-<:ffect the eapture or destruc-
tioR of Albanv, when they managed to
overrun the whole of Tryon County, &nd
once more get possession of the home-
steads which they bad been oblisted to
abandon in 1776, and pu"hed to within a
short distance of Schenect<ldy, and it was
then that Mrs. :M1.cdonell, who h'\d been
kept a prisJner there with others, from
the outbreak of the revolution, manai(ltd
to make her escape. In other reapects, ex-
c;:pt the destructi n of a vast ext
nt of
country, through which they
a
8
d, in
retaliation for acts committed previously
by the Continental Army in the Indian

settlements under General Sullivan. this
expedition íaileò, a.nd upon the return
journey their provisiuD8 bt!came exhausteà.
and for a time pa.rt of their food or ration.
comisted of the flesh oj th
horses they had
with them, that of .Mr, Macdonell beinll
amOllf! those to whose lot it feit to be
slaugh tered for the PUrDose. At the close
or the war the diff
rent regiments th:tt had
beën. embodied from among the Hi
hlaI.ld
set lers were disba.nded, and many of the
officel's and men settled in different parts
of Canada, but mostly in the counties of
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. And
lands were gra.nted to them in certain p:o-
portions, a.ccordin
to the ra.nk ab officers
and men, in recognition for services aud
compena:Üion for the loss t.hey su -tained
in the forfeiture of their properties in
Schoha.rie; losses wbich must haTe been
considerable to some. when it is remem-
bered that it was said by an America.n his.
torian, in reference to Sir John Johnson'.
losses, tbat he Co lost doma.ins larger and
fairer t.han probably ever belonvëd t<l a
single AmerIcan proprietor, William Penn
only excepted," th...ee properties havi

been confhcated by the America')s and
sold, even to the fam:Iy Bible.
Grants of wild land were also giTen to
each member ot a famIly who settled in
Canada, so that Captain Allan Macdonell
and his sons and dauihters received their
portion of such grants. He went with hi.
fami' y ø.nrl resided a short distance in the
ndgbboul'hood of Quebec, and died there
soon afterwards, and
as bnried in 110
vault beneath t.he parisii church of S
. }'oy.
The widow and the family, witb the excep'
tion of the elde&t daughter, moTed up to
KiBRston, a.nd afterwards to Newark. (now
Niagara,) being then th
seat of R;overn-
ment, &Dd there, in 1797, she died, at a
yery advanc'd age. Thl" eldest daughter.
who, in 1783, married Donald McL
an, a
relative of Colonel :McLean, of the 84th
r_
iment, remained In Quebec, wh ore sh..
died in 1793, leaving numerous and
wealthy descendants now residing therll.
Tbe youngest daughter was married in
1798, to Captain Miles Macdcnell, who
formed such a prominent figure afterwards
in 1812, in the contest between L'Jrd Sel-
kirk and the North.west CompJ.ny, in the
Red River cC'untry, now the districts of
Thunder Bay and R dny River, which he
prosecuted with such energy and vip;orous
hostility aga.inst that company as to eause
them t.o m
rge their loni'-e.
ab
ished tit:e
and rightø in those of tbeir succeßsful riYal,
the Huds<>n Bay Comp,my.
She died within a year alter her marriage.
One of Ce.pta.in Macdon.Il't\ sons, A
gus,

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

4:73

was one of the ear
iest practitlf)t1ers of 'he
law in Upp
r Cana-cb., having been admht.d
all early 8S 1799. He W&8 twiC',8 elected
as U Knight" So rep:'esent the EJ.St Riding
of York a.nd the Ctlunties of Durham and
Simcoe in P
rliament; and was 8m:Jng the
number 10st OD the Sp3edy in the autumn
of 18Ô4, th
particulars of which are fø.mililloI
to many now living.
The youngest son, James, through the in-
strumentaI
ÿ 01' ili
DUKe of Kent, wfin,
durin
his retridence in Ca.nada, interested
himself iavourably for ma.n)' of those who
C'lme within th
sphere of his p
tronø.ge,
received 1ft commission in the 43,-ct regiment
in 1795. He died some years afterwa
'ds,
when s
ationed in the West Indiea.
Alexander, the original owner of the
house referred to, after the deø.th of his
fa.ther, accompanied his mother and sister
to, and resided with them "-t, Kingston
and aft>rwards a.t Newø.l'k. Upon the di-
vision of the Proyince of Q'1ebec into Upper
and'".Lower Canada, in 1791, Upper Cana.da
then receiVIng it; constit:ution a
a separate
Province, Gl'ne
'al 5imcoe was appointed
Lieutenant-Governor thereot. He h.\à been
in actiye service throughout the war of the
American R:volution, and on the occasion of
the retnat 0: Sir H
nry Clinton from Pnila-
delphia. to New York, Mr. Macdonell had
b.come fav
ura.b!.! known 1;0 him as an
officer of the 84th R gimen
, and Leing de-
sirous of having about him hie old compan-
ions-in-arms, his was among the appoint-
ments made. \Vith that Yiew, he ap-
poin! ed Mr. M3.edonell Sheriff of the Home
District, This included wi;hin its boun-
dario?s the area that constitute3 alm3st &
score of the present counties, Up;m the
removal of the seat of
overnment from
Newark to York., in 1797, he came to reside
in the latter place, and continued in the
office of sheriff until 1805
Durin" part ot the time he represented
the County of Glengarry in the House of
As<embly, and was elected Spea.ker in
1804 In 1805 he was m'\rried to Anne
Smith, dø.ughter of Mr. JI\.IDP.S Sn:.ith, of
H
nricks, on Ll)ng Island, U. S., and sister
of Colonel Samuel Smith, of the Queen's
Rangers, with whom she was then redldin2.
IIond who acted .. anministratrix of the
government on a couple of occasion!!, during
the absence of the Veutenant-Governor.
A rather striking illustration of the incon-
i'ruity in the paramount importance
ven
to the eode of honûur, by 'Iocit-'ty in tÌ10se
days, oyer the laws of ciyil polity and
criminal code, was the occurrence of a fatal
duel iT} lij()(), iu whiG;} officers of the la.w
took part. It wa.a between Mr. \Vhite,
the Attomey,Geller&l, and Mr. Small,

the Clerk of the Executive Council, itl
which J.\:1.r. Macdonell, the sheriff, acted u
second ot the latter. It was daring this
p>riod that, in hi, oCCc\sional visit!:! to hi8
old CODlitituency anà kinsmen and fellow-
countrYß'len LJ Glengarry, that he foresaw
in hi
YOUD" cou8in, John Macdondl, of
Greenfield, a.tterwa.rdsAttorney-General and
aide-de-camp to General Brock, the tine
t..I.lents !lnd qualitie" that so ea.rly in life
brought him lDto p.-ominence ; and by hill
invi,ation young Macdonell c",me to York
to pursue hitJ study (If the la.w
And as an iliustration of the different re-
sults tha.t follow, a.ft
r a length of t:me, from
the exercis
ot a choice of oue of two
things, considered of equal valup. at the
time, it may be mentioned that Mr. Mac-
donell gave hi::! younlt proúge one of two
acrag of land, situat.d on the w
st sro.e of
Church street, between King and WelIing-
ton streets, &8 a present in an\icipatioll of
his inteuded marriage he young M3.cdoneH,
owning the other acre. Previous to his ac-
companying General Brock, on his fatal
exp
dition aga.inst the Americans at the
bat,tl:} of QueeD8ton H
ight;!, where he m
t
his death, he ma.de his wil
and, having
c.ffered his intended her ohoice of a.
devise of ;f;500, or of tbe two acres
referred to, shE! cholle the former. This
sum he devised 10 her, and the 1;wo acres
he devil!led to his god-son, J ames, the second
son of the subject of this aketdl.
This properlY must now-estiroatme; its
value p,opJrtiouately to (mIcs of like favour-
ably-situated properties in TOl'Onto- -be
worth a haìf a million of dollars, 0:' 250 tUnes
8.8 much as the ;f;5()().
From 1805 to 1812 Mr. M&Cdonell acted
as ageut of Lord Selkirk in wpenntending
his settlement at BaldoQn, in the westvn
district. This settbment W&8 formed by
Lord Selkirk subsequent to a similar one
he ha.d formed in Prince Edward Island.
for the purpose of benefitting his Highlaud
fellow-countrymen, as well as no doubt
himself alßo, Lein
.chemes 1e'!!3 exte118Ï'Ve
in territorial extent than his Hudscm Bay
Company adventure, above referred to.
During the time of this a
encv Mr. Mac-
donell resided sometimes at Ba.ldoon anti
sometimes at Amherstbul'J{. Lord S lkirk.
hayinO' found it de
lrable to turn the whole
of h
attention to the la.tter enterprise,
ga.ve up th
other scheme, and Mr.
Macdonell cea.øed to ha.ye anything further
to do with the settlement, excep:; tha.t he
found it neces:sary to go to England in
1812, to procure from his Lordship the
necesS.lry titie deeds for the settlers to
their la.nds, as well as to t:ffeet a settlement
with him on his own behalf.

474

LAND:MARKS OF TORONTO.

It wa.s while .he was in England on this In 1831 h3 was appoinÐed .. mf'mber of
occasion. tha.t the war broke out between the L
Q'i81atiYe Council j and owin'{ to the
Great Britain and the United State.; and intercourse he thereby and preyiouslv had
Mr. Mo\cdoneU thereupon returned '0 with members ot p lrlhm
nt, he k" pt up
:Janll.da, and immedi.s.te,y afterwarrlø w80s an intimacy with ma.ny, wbo, OR occasions
appointed. Deputy Payma
ter.G<,neral of of seRsions of parlia.meut, came to th g place,
Mllitiø with the rank of Colond. At the so that often some uf thf'm were gue
ts of
capture of Nia'!;arA, 26th May, ]813, he his house. Its close p,oximity to the place
was taltel) pri-oner, and sent as su..:h to of meeânJ!' of the parliamell\ for a. few
La.ncastel' in .Pennsylvania, where hp was years-(lhe building intenàed f/)r &Dd after-
detained until the end of the war. This wa' d. used as a ho
pitø.I)-made it very
was the same place at which his father cftnyenient for mem1::er-s to dine with him;
had been kept a. prisoner at thf' bf'ginuing and the post-prandial conversations tha.t
of the American Rt!volutioll in 1776. often occurred thereat, were sometime.!!
On the disbanding of severa.l re&!;imenta in attended by animated discU8
ion8 and
1814, luch of the men a.a were entitled to mirth; and occasionally du rather em-
lands were ..ttled by the government ia a phabc thump oa the table by the hand of
tract of land called the Pt:rth settlement" all exoited politician wou.d make the
and Mr. Ma.edonell appointed superin- I gll1sses sta.uding clolSe together ring or

'IHI!. MACDONELL HOUSE-NORTH .EAST CORNER ADELAIDE AND JOHN STS.

tendent of the settlement. Afterwards, in I rattle 1.8 loud as the voice of the dispu-
1816, he WIB apDoiutl'd Asshtant Secretary ta.nts.
ot the Indian D'Jpartment. This being an I .Mr. Macdonell was in stature tall
Imp;rial appointmf-nt. he forfeited his half- , and of large frame; quiet and resernd
pay, which he had been receiving since in manner, but ot geni II and 8ociab
e dis-
the rlisbandinI{ of the Butler's Ranger 8, position, and esteemE'd both in his public
In 1828 he recdved the appointment of and private character. He kept up the
Insp ctor of Licensefl for the Home District, I I mo::!t cordIal friE'ndship3 with ma'1y-from
an office established for cQIlecting a revenue his or their yourh-time to the time of his
t') the
overnment, as well for the manufac. , or their death-fe.low-coulltrymen and
ture of liquors as for the sale of them l.dnsmen and co-religionists, as well as tbose
in shops anrl taverns, &S to which now is of other nationalities and creedfl. Bishops
derived a revenul;J by both the g.)vernmpnt Macdonell, Strachan and Stuart; Chief
and the municipal corporations. This office I Justices Robinson, McLean, Powell and
he held until 1841, when he resigned it I Macaulay; HODS. James Baby. E!msley,
in fayour of his second son, James. 'V. Ulckson Thomas Clark. Gordon Crook-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

475

shank and W. Allan were amon" his
very intimate friends. He could converse
in Gaelic, French and Indian as well a!!
English. He was a strong adheren
and
strict observer of the Romdon Cathohc re-
lU7ion, from which he never swened in
his allegiance in the daYB of trial aud re-
pro'tch ; and was one of a very fe
of that
relij?ion in the place able to &BSISt much
in forwarding the interests and under-
takings of that church in the early àays
of its struggles here. And he and these
few under the guidance of the eneq
etic
Bishop Macdnnell, his C01,1sin. had a great
deal to do in order to effect the constructioQ
of St, Paul's church, the only Roman l-atholio
church in Toronto until 1847, he Leing
",'ong wIth the Bishop and two others
the trustees of the ohurch property. He
died in 1842, within a little of eic-hty
years old, in the house above d",scl ibed,
and waS buried in the bUrial ground at-
tached to the St. Paul's church. It was
as to the grave in which he was buried
that a correspondence appeared in the
ro?pol ts of the meetings of tne R. C. Separate
School Board at the end of last year.
Accordìnj:; to a letter from a son of Mr.
Macdonell. it appeared that the Board or
some member of it-it was stated to have
Leen a priest-caused the boundary f nce
of the burial ground to be moved in such
a way as to make the grave enclosed. inside
the plaY-2round ot the boys' !chool. This
proceeding was natura1ìy resented by Mr.
}lacdoneU'1:\ son as a
ross disrespect 10 the
memory of the dead an-l the feeliu'Cs of the
survivinc- relatives of his father, and so he
insisted upon the restoration of the fence
to it.s original place.
Mr. Macàonell left five sons-Allan,
James, Ane:us, Alexander and Samuel-and
one daughter. Henrietta, besides his widow,
surviving him Mrs. Macdonell died in
1858, over eighty years old, havinp: con-
tinued to reelde in the homestead until her
death. She suff
red in her early life many
of the trials and h<lrd
hjp.::l thai aU of
the first Eettlers have had to encounter
in a new sett'ement, amonp; those being
the difficulties for ladies of ddicate con--ti-
tution travelling from place to place, which
she often had to do, and for lon
distance
;
as Mr. Macdonell. owing to the differ
nt
positions he held at diffE-rent timps, had
sometimes to reside at Baldoon, then at
Amherstbur
, then, tor a time, at Kings-
ton, then aeaiu at Niagara, with interm
-
dbte times at Yc,rk Journey. in those
days had to be performed in sloops or sail.
ing vesseh., if for long distances by water,
a.nd ;f for short dÚlta.ncu by row boa.'s or
on horseback.

As an illustrati()n of such tedious journeys
endured by her. a diary of a jou 1 ney made
by her from here to Npw YOlk, when going
to pay a visit to her paren:s, in the summer
of 1807, shows the time occupied was three
weeks in goinp;, and the same in returning,
inc:uaing in each C8se occasional delays,
owinl.{ to bad weather. The route taken
wa
from here bv a sailing vessel to Oswego,
taking three 'days j thpnce by a row
boat up stream of the Oswego river to
Oneida river and lake, alollg creeks and
winding streams nnd small canals, the
boat being worked by four men, rowing
sometimes. a:Jd f:Ometlmes beioQ; polled.
and sometimes hauleà by ropes over reeves
and rap ds. Sometimes a change was
made by walking, or nding in an ox cart,
when crossing a. portage or carrying-place,
until g ttiDI{ to the .Mohawk River. F,'om
thence the trip was down stream on the
Mohawk River to Schenectady, the charge
being $50 from ûswego to Schl'nectady.
The dista.nc
usually made was fourteen
or sixteen miles a day, unlf'ss detained by
bad weather; while. on the other hl\nd.
under favourable circumstances, as much
as tweJlty miles were travelled in a day.
Dudng the night; time the stopping places
were 8Omet1m
S inns or taverns, and some-
times log houses, of a rnom or two in size,
by the way-side, with floors made of logs,
and then som,.times ovly over a half of
the room, They c3.rrit:d most of their
provisions with thf m, and often took their
meals in the open air.
From Schenecbdy they were driven in a
friend's carria({e to Albany j and from
Albany they went by sailing vessel to New
York, taking four daTs, because of adverse
winds. The return trip was made in the
month of November, and was accomp:ished
for the first part of the journey in a sailing
vesEel, from New York to Albany, lD a
couple of days; thence by sta
e to Schen,
e('tady, and from thence to Buffalo by wag.
p;ons, specially hired for certain dis'anoes,
drawn a part of the di-tance by four
horses and a part by three in unicorn
style, the whe
l horses bein({ drinn by
one of the p-J.rty, and the leader with only
chain traces for his harness. being guided
by the hired man on foot, the same as
when driving oxen. Sometimes, when the
roads were good, a pair of horses were
used. Owing to bad roads the distance
travelled some days was only sixteen miles,
and on some days not as much, when the
weather wa'J bad. the whole distance to
Buffalo taking three weeks. The journey
from Buffalo to York was accomplished ill
boats, except from Chippewa to Queenston,
which was accclDPlished by wae:e:on.

471

LANDMARKS OF 1'ORONTO.

Another Incident In Mr/!. M l.odoJu,a'a I lIofieJ.! the death of Mrs. Maed
l, the
life, illustrative ot the trials of the time:> oolfte,tead, wit1! a .mall porCiDn of the land
in which she lived, occurred during the a.r.ound it, fell to tbe share of the fourth
Amerio&n war. Wh,'n li.'Yini{ at Nia
e.ra I SOD, A 1 exander, who, .oan yea.r. after-
Mr. Macdonell, being then a pri.oner at war-ds, aold it to Mr. Jail. P&t'JeNOa, baa--
Lanca.sier, she was walking on tb
verand&h riater, law-parkier of Mr. Robel"t A. Hw-
of a friend's house, carrying her younr I riaon. atterwards Chief J qøjce ot tM Cour'
child in her arms, wrapped Jlt) in a sca.rlet of Queen's Bench.
cloak, when a ball fired from a cannon After Mr. p..ttenon'e deatà it was 1!IO!i
in the American f,)rt, suddenly c:\me crMh- I to Mr. James Bethune, Q. C., who died i I
ing through the corner of th3 hous " causing I it; a few years aþ{o.
h
r to retire out of eight. It wa
suppoøed Jø.m
, the øecond son of Mr. Maodonell,
tha.t the cloak attracted the attention of th . married a da1lghter of Colonel Smith, aDd.
Amt:ricans, and had been taken by them died in 1865, at the age of 54 year..
. -.----:.. /r
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,../" ,/
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JOliN BLOOR'S HOUSE-BLOOR STREE1'

to De the re d coat of &D officer or .oldier. , Arran, the elde
t son, was neve
married.
The ehiid she was c..lrryinll; wa.a .bel' litt:e He died last year, nearly 80 years old. The
daughter, fUte'n months old at the I ether sons are still living.
time, an 1 who shortly afterward8 died and __
W,tS buriet1 at Niagara. I
Mrs, Macdonell was a'} o.rdent fl ,dcul- CHAPTER CLX.
tu 'Ìst, and up to a very late period of her 1 JOSEPH BLOOR'S HOUSE.
lifp. kept up the fi J'wer ga.rden attached to the -
hom
ste
d, whi.
h, from tbe pecu '.r forma- , Tbe Beslde.lee o
.. Barly Brewer ..d OM
tion of the ground, gave th
m a very at- .t &be I'oaatle... o
l'o.l'k'Yllie.
tra.ctive appearance. The dweUins: house s-hown in the accom-
All the sons .urvi'Ye-d her, but the only I pa.nyin
irustratioo. was built and OCCt1-
other dø.ugh'cr, Hemietta, who married
i
d by Joseph Bloor 118 a re8Ïdence. Mr.
Cap:ah Aylmer, of th'.? 93d HighlandulI, Bloor WAð aß E-lglishman, who, 1Ip tie
died in 1844, in the homestead 21.1.0. I withi.n a few ye
I.8 of the iucorp:>ratiOlJ. of
At the distribution of theM'J.;:donell eata.te t'le city, kept an inn for c.JantlT foìk.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

477

_Hed is. Fa.rmers' ArmA, nea.r the market I back w....'1 difficultJ. Sti1l the Governor
J lace. on the north.west corner of the bad built a summer ohateau, Castle Frank,
hae leading northward from t.he north- on the Don, to which
e, his fami!y and
wef-i- cornE'r of MlIorkt:t Square and King I suite were in the h'.ilobit of reeorti&g. We
street. Rstiring from this business with r
ad of sleighing pal'ties to Casth> Frank,
& COod1y sum of monry, Mr. Bloor moved and there is no reason to believe parties in
to whut is now Yorkvil
e about 1830, ani!. the Bummer were less frequent. The present
e.&ta.blished r. brewery in the raTine north IParliament street shows the direction of the
of the first cCJnces>ion Hnp, noW' Bloor track through the woods opened by Governor
street, and just ea.st of Y on2e street. : Simcoe to his house on the Don, and it is not
Mr. Bloor and Stephen Jarvis entered " improbable tha' thi. vehicle hal traversed
lar
ly into land pu:,chasell, and laid out that road.
the town of Y orkviIle. Mr. BJoor became
the O1rIler of a large trac' of land on the
north side of the concession line, extend-
in
from the eastern end as far west as
Gwynne street. and back to the cretk in
the ravine. He f-ubsequ(nt1y sold this A. DwelllDK Bnilt by Dr. Pdpr Dleh 1 , .ad
property. About the time of his movin,!: ..&.lterward eecopled by Dr. .John KinK.
to Y Ol'kville Mr. Bloor buiit a house In 1828, or a little previous to that timt',
on the site of what is now No. 100 Bloor Dr. Peter Diehl, a. practitioner of medicine
street; east. This IS the buildin
shown in Montreal, moved from that city to
in the Illustration, but it has been much Toronto and began practice here. At first
enlar
ed and improved since its original he tock up his quarte"s in the well known
constructicn. when it was nothing more boarding-house of Mrs. H yes. In No-
than a. cotta2e. lvIr. Bloor wa.s a quiet, vember of the ypar above ment'oned he
plf'asant mM, much esteemed and re- enter
into partnership with Dr. Widmf'r.
sJ:ected. About torty years ago he became the best known physicia.n of York at ,hat
identified with the Bloot' street Methodist I timp. Some time after thi!>, alld before
cBurch, to which he centribut 'd generou8
y . 1836, Dr. Diehl built for a. residence and
during his lifp, and at deatb left it a I (.ffice tlw two-stony frame hOURf'. BtH
1('l{acy. Up to his dea.th, which occurrell standinJ.". on the north side of Richmond
abent; a score of years a.go, he lived in the street east, and now numbered 38. Dr.
heuse No. 100 ßloor street. This building Diehl was living here at the outbrt'ak of
WM r.c
nt'y torn down. the r
belIinn. Dr. Diehl died at Torollto
March 5. 1868. Many years previous to

CHAPTER CLXII.
A HOU
E OF TWO DOCTORS

-.4,

=-- .(I-Î'r;.

/I/

l-\

,"_.1ii I :'" '.,::::"
1>!li
/ - - -.' _II!' 1à J

- 't.::

' .

GOVERNOR SIMCOX'S CARRIAGE.

CHAPTER CLXL I his demise he had sold the Richmond .'reet
GOVERNOR SIMCOE'S CARRIAGE. I house to Dr.. Joha Kh'
. f
r many ye:,.r&
- a. professor m the UDl\"er'lty. Dr. KIng
The QnalRI Vehicle SnppoKed to Have l was born in Ireland, and educa
d in medi-
Travelled rro
York .to <'astte Fr
nk. .ine at Dublin. He came to this cúuntry
. The
ueer:lookm
vehIcle sho
n 10 the l to join hie uncle, \VilIiam Lyons, who was
Illustra.ilOn, hke a. boat on a truc
10 a
pear- staff
UI geoD in' be British army. and then
ance. was at one hme Governor S.Imcoe s ca
1 sta.tioneu at Quebec. Another uncle. John
W
the fonnder of To
outo was here Lyons, the brother of William, for many

here. w.as fcarCf ly &uythmg that could years bdd the (ffiee of regi!l' rar at Niag
ra.
tIe dignIfied by the name of a road and I Dt'. Kinp: married the daughter of Speakf'r
eTen paasage through the woods on porae- I:;ber" ood and aet! led in Toronto. Dr

4,78

LANDMARKS OF TORO:NTO.

Diphl, it may be re,
marked, had married
the aliter of Cbief
Juetice Ma.cauh,y.
Dr. King lived in the
Richmond ßt. house,
and itisnowoccupied
bV hiß widow. Per-
haps of no dwelling
in Toronto may it
be more truly ßald
that it is a house 01.
grie
. Of Mrs, King's
I famIly uf a husband
I r ' 11 nd eleven children,
,J: aU are dead but one
son, who lives in
--s: Kn
land, and (If the
--'- dead all but one bov
--.
- _-==-.- have died in th-e
'l'BE HOUSE OF ,j,N OLD PHYSICIAN, DR. KING. Richmond st. honse.
I of Canadian public affair;" however, 'w ':::
CHAPTER CLXIII. I be the real scene of his achievements. Mrs.
'fa.lbot,
he wife of tbe second name"-
THE THEATRES OF THE TOWN. matlas.r, was a great fayourite.
he per-
formel the part of Cora in Pizza.rro, and
that of Little Piokles in a com
df of that

-

Theatrl
RI Remlnll
f:nces from 1793 to
1893-The PIRYS Rnd the Players.
When the Englishman, Colonel William-
son, founded Ba.th, N. Y., he laid out a race
track, built a theatre and stocked it with a
company, thus adding UïËi a.'ttl;actìoñ en-
plcal:!ure to the othm' iJlducemenb oI'er"
t<> those who would make th::ir home in
the Pulteney settlement. But the pioneers
of York took a more serious view of hfe
in the W'Jldernes!!, and it was not I1ntil a
CJ.uarter of a century after the eeta.bìi"h-
ment of the new capital that even the
crudest a.ttempts at drama.tiO} performanc

waS made at York. At the north-wed
oorner of \Vest Market I!Itreet and Ma.rket
Lane or ColbC>J'ne street, as it it! now
called, stood Frank's hotel, an ordinary
two-storey frame building. The first
theatre of York was extemporized in the
ball room of this house ßubsequent to the
year 1820, and continued up to 1830 or
thereabouts. When filled up for drama.tic
purposes that apartment was approached
by a stairway on the outside. Here com-
pa.nies performed, says Dr, Scaddinv., nnder
the man
emellt at one time of Mr. Arch-
bold, at aur.ther of Mr. Talbot, at another
of Mr. Vau
han-giving assistance here
now and then as an anonymous p 'rformer-
to Mr. Archbold. .Mr. Allan, (afterwartlB
Sir Allan) Macnab, evinced such marked
u.lenta on the boards that he was seriously
adyÜ:
å to aùopt the stage a.I his voca.-
*ion, and once he W&8 on the point of be.
oomini a professional actor. The thea.tre

Ie
I

mml æ m'

-

THE FIRST TH.I'.ATRE-WEST MARKET STREET,
BETWEEN COLBORNE .AND KING,
name. The last named manager, while
vroíessionally at York, lost a son by
drowning ill the bay. The distreø.ø of the
father &t the grave wa.s poi!!n!l.l1t, and
his head was bound round on the occasion
with a white bandage or napkin. 1:'izz
rro,
Barbaross&, or the Siege of AIg;iet"s, AU
Baba or the Forty Thieves, the Lady of
the L
ke, and the MiLlt:r and his Men,
were amonR' the pieces her
rf presented.
The body-guard of the DèY ot Algiel s con-
RiBted of two men, who always came in
with military precision just after the hero
and placed themselves in a. formal manner
at. fixed distances behind him like two
sentries. 'lbtlY were soldiers from the

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

4'i9

larrison. The d-ramatic appliances and murder of Nolan at a Colborne ail-eet
acee8sories at Frank's were of the humblest theatre. From Dr. Forest;'s tbe ring was
kind. The dimeneions of the stage wet"e mt.lved to George Garside's hate}, on the

('ry limited. The ceilinQ: of tbe whole west aide of Jarvis street, near the western
room was low. As for orchestra. in those terminUl] of Duke street. From here it was
clays, ,he principal instrumental artist aJ(ain transferred to Barney Roddy's
of the town was Mr. M.
:xwell-who will tavern on the west side of Church Btrt:et,
be remember ed for his quiet manner, for a little way below Kin'!, and being taken
\he sha.de over one eye in which was Borne shortly afterwards from this location it
iefeo
, and tor his homely skill ðIl the was finally settled on tbe Bouth side of
violin-wa!I
enerally to be seen and hea.rd, W e1lington 8tree
, about one hundred and
often alone, but sometimes with an &.8&0- fifty feet west of Church street. Here a.
ci.a
or two here, as at all tither enter- lar'Ce ring .".8. laid out and enclosed WIth
tainments of importance. public or pl-ivate. a high board fence. The circus was man.
Nevert;heless, at that patiod to IInsopbisti- lI.ged here for a long time by Beøna-rd.
ca.t'd yet actIve imailDationB, innocent of In 1833 K was a popular and well patronized
acqu lintance with more respectable arruge- place of am1lsement. In addit.i.on to tbe
ment
, everything seemed charming, and ordinary prowamme of a circus, a man by
each Bcene
tbe bell rang and the baise I the name of Swift Jlave good exhibitions of
drew np W!l.8 invested with a magical tiJl:ht rope dancing. No menagerie was
aJ.a.mout". The first circus at York was connected with this circus. The second pIece

l.--c-
Q.tA
ï"'h e.G<. G' _
-
- --
-
TIll: SECOND TH:JI:A'I'RK-F'RA:HE BUILDING NORTH 8IDE OF COLBORNE 8'1'-1829.

established by Besnard and B'ack about of ammement in the theatrical line W&8 a.
1827. It wag given at the start in a ,::tood- fl ame bui]din
on the north Bide of Col-
Ii:&ed barn connf!cted with Dr. Foreat's borne street, west of the St. Lawrence
hotel, a oommodious and well-known inn ot Market. The
round ð.wr of this build-
ihat time, standing on the north side of ing was used as a shop, and the upper
King street, a little east of Sherboul"De Btorey was fitted up for dramatic represen-
.treet. l.'he entt'rtainment consisted of tations about 1829, and performances were
ridinp; and featB of horsemanship, trape..
given here by a loca.l amateur club, for
and horizont.-ll bar performances and tricks neither as yet nor for many years after-
of jugglillg. Mrø. Besnard W&I the favourite ward had the people of the town an oppor-
of the circus goers of the time. Her toss- tunity of I!eeing the kinszs and queens of
iD"{ of ba.Ils and kniveb was one of the prin- the footlights. It was here that Charles
cipal featurl s of the show. Besnard, French, an apprentice to William Lyon
whose name wlll occur frf'quently in eon. Mackenz1t', pa.id his first and last Tisit
nection with thf'atre man.l
ement, was to a perfO! malice as a sort of double celebra.,
quite a horsema.n, and tor a time made a tion of two important events in his life,
livin
&8 a hor(!e .dealer and jockey. Dr. the teImination of hi, apprenticeship and
For
t, the proprIetor ot the barn where his coming of &ie. Mr. Richard Wat80D,
the cmma was held, Was t
e fat her of
he I who accompanied French to the theatre
roun'C man who was Impllcatell with tbat evening, haB rela.ted to the writer t;he
Charles French a. oouple of years la
r lor tbe me1ancholy issue of this fatal vi.it ao

üO

T...ANDM.A RKS OF TORONTO.

French. One night in the au:umn of 1829
Mr. Wateou and French went together
to the theatre, and there met quite a namber
of their youthful acquaintance!>. With
them French drank freely. On taking their
p'ace! for the performance Mr. Watson
saw in the seat directly in front of hm a
big burly labourer by the na,me of No:an.
Now, this NoJan was a. quarrelsonw bully,
who had beaten EOme of French's com.
paniolls, for which they IIwore to ha.ye
reTen
e. Nolan carried about with him
as a weapon a pair of tong
, and this E"'Yen-
illg the iron ends could be He en protruding
from the pocket of his big coat. Among
the visitors to the theatre on this occasion
were three young fellow8, named Gosline,
Dr. Forfst tw1d Ge Z, friends of French,
and who wir h him had sworn to be re-
'Y(ns;!:ed on Nolan for his bmtalitirs. Gos-
lin'! carded a. pistol. Between the d.cts
French and his companions wen' out and
dral'k hcaviJy. Somthow the pistol of
Goslin2; came into the prssession of French.
At the clOie of the performance, &8 the
peop
e were coming out from the theatre,
French stepped up to Nolan and said:
" Is your name Nolan?" " Y elil," was the
reply. "\Vell. take tha.t, then I" ex-
claimed French, dl'R wing the pistol and
tiring as he spoke. The ba.ll struck N ol.n
in the dght side. He wa ked to the hotel
",here he boarded, at the cnrner of Front
street and West Market Square. and eD-
tering the bar-100m cried out:" I am
IIl1CJt; squint-ey
d French has shot me !"

, N onseme I" returned the man behind
the ba.r. "See here, thea I" and 'With-
dra
dng the haud that he held pressed

"in8t his side, the blood gushing out in It.
stream over the connter. The next day
Nulaa died in the greatest 8
ony. After
the shooting French walked to the Black
B1Iìl inn on Queeu streef; west and went
to bed. The next morning Mr. Wiman,
the ehairmaker, w
nt to the Black Bull
and arrested him. The young man asserted
that if he shot Nolan he had no remembrance
of it, \x!ing so stupefied with liq11Or. He
"'&8 tried and convic;ed of murder and con-
demned to be executed. At 1 his time
York WILS ruled by the Family Compact.
French h&d been the pr:ncipal witness

ainst .the young meo of tbi5 fa.ction
who' had destroyed the type and press of
William Lyon Ma..::kellzie wme time pre-
viously, and they exerted thfm!:'e:ves to
secure his cl'n
iction. Mr. Mackel zie did
e'Yerything in his power to save the youn

man's life, and of his exer:ions to this end
Dr. Scadding relates the following inci-
dent: .. On the s eps of the court-house
we once saw him-Mr. Mackenzie-1Inder

circumsta! ces
hat were deep'y totlchín...
Sentt.nce of death had been pronolllloed o.
a young mfl.n, once emp
oyed in hï. printing
offic
, He had beeB 'YÏ&orously {xertin

himitelf to obta.in from the executiYe a miti

gat ion of the extr
me penalty. The day
and even the hour for the execution had
arrived, and no me!!sage of reprieve had
beeu transmitted from the Lieutenant-
Governor, so he came out of the sheriff's
room, after receiving the final an
oulI.ce-
ment that there could be no further delay.
The ",hite collars on each side of hi3
face were wet through and through with
t he tears that were RusbiD
from his eyes
a nd pouring down his cheeks. He Wa."
just realizing the fact that nothing further
could be done, and in a few moments aftt>r-
wards I he execution actually took place, JJ
The scaffold on which French 'Was hunR,
in front of the Toronto street jail, ",as
left stan dine, a grim structure iR the heart
of the town, until the txecution of mur-
derer Christy, some time aft'rwards. In
tbe same year another ma.n, by the name
of Lemon, was executed here on the same
ga.llows. The murder of Nolan and ,he
executIOn of French deaa a blow to the
C01bome street thea:re fr(,m \\'hich it
cou!d not rally, and it was soon afterwards
dil:> -..,ntinued a.s a place oi amusement.
Th
e tragedies a.lso produced I!Inch an
effect upon Mr. \Vatson that. from that
time to this he h:L8 on!y once vÌßited a
thea.tre. Gosling, Dr. Forest and Gets
were tried. for complicitv in the amrder of
Nolan. The latter e
c. ped, but Gosling
aud Dr. Forest Wtre each sentenced to six
months'imprisonment.
Another el1r,y tht"atre was the Wes-
leya.n chapel on King street;. which
ceaced to be used for religious plJr-
poses in 1833. on the comp e. ion of the
Adelaide st.reet Methodist church, and was
convertt'd for a time into Do p\ac
of r.muse-
ment under the name of the "rheatre
Rfl"S.!." It was a frame bai1dirg, forty
feet wide bV sixty long, stahding on the
south s:de of KirJ{ street a litt'e Wt>st of
Jordan street. At this \;ime WIIUgb
Brothen were the proprietors of a refrt'l!Ih-
ment room and contE"ctionery f;,ore on Kiag
street. In 1834, the year after he Metho-
dist congreg'ltiou had abandoned th;s
ch!1pel, they obtained possel!l
ion of it and
fitted it up as a plac<> (,f amusement. The
fi."st representation given there, and one
which continned for seme time, was a
p 1D0rRma of the Burning of Moscow, first
exhibited in t he latter p"rt of 1834.
Both betore and after the conver-
sion of the \V es
eyan chapel iuto a
place of amusement. theatrica.l perform-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

481

auoell were
iveu at times in an unoccupied I thirty feet front and about sixty feet
barn-like building;, on the north sidtl of deep, and the stage waif at the nortb end.
FrOl
i street, a little east of Chtirch street. There wu &n entrance to the stage from
Kea.iingJe British Coffee House, a two- I Pearl street, then called Boulton street,
stOt'ey twic.k baiJdinl, w..s a little west of and earlier than this it was ealied Broad
the \heabe. This home of the drama was La.ne. It extended from the racquet court,
of frame. The hall in which t.he perform- which stood at the east end of the street,
ancea were given was abGut sixty feet I . across York street up to Simcoe street.
loni. There W&8 no iallery. Seats were At the racquet court end .Juhn Taylor,
arraJl,:{ed ou the ground fbor to accom- the Mormon apo!ltle, bad a wood
urner's
modate between two and three hundred shop for years, prior to his goin
to Utah.
spect&tors. Candle"! furnished the illumi- , This the>tre was a Rreat improvement on
na 1 ion ef tbe play-house. The prices of any preyi()us place of amURement in the
seats were balf 1\ crown for front seats and town. The sea.ts were ra.nged in tiers,
Is. 3d. for rea.r seats, Halifa
currency. I much after the manuer of the preseni day.
The programmea were Plain sUpa of p'iper, This theatre WIo8 ta.ken by Mr. Noah and
printed with the names of the pla.yers and his daughter, who was at that time a star
thei'r parts. The scenery was very crude, of considerable magnitude. Here might
but the acting was at \imes very 20od' j have been seen Mr. 'Villiams, a cabinet
Mr. and Mrs. Thorne played comedy parts maker and undertaker, in after Yf'ars
here in 1833, and ûn the night3 when they known to fame in Paddy Redmond's banjo
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-

THE THIRD 'THEATRE-OLD WESLEYA
CHAPEL-KING ST_ NEAR JORDAN-Ið34

appt>ared the
ouse was a}wa.ys cr
wded, I song as the father of the famed Yorkville
1\lrs. ThorDe bemg an espeCla.1 !avounte.. omnibus line. The Thornes al
o played
. The next ttJe!Ltr
WIo8 qUite a brnld- here. As yet ladies had not begun to
log. a.n
stood m the rear of !he ' I visit the theatres much. This buildini
let at the north,ea.st corner of Kmg and the entire north-east cornet:' of the
and Y o
k streetlr-tM entrance being a block, with the exception of Mrs. Mer-
.hort
ßt&Dce
a.st of the Shakespeare field's hotel w.ere SWfpt o
t ot ex'stence by
hotel
a narrow pas"a
e way leadi
1l 1 a fire a few'years later.
from Kme street.
.e theatre was qUIte 'Whatever m
y have been the merits or
a la.rge frame bUll
lDQ', er
ted shortly demerits of the Theatre .Roya], in tb.
heMre the Magkenzle rebeUio!1' It W8S pub:ic estimation, it evidently was ill..

n
the ,The.atre
oyal, and IS 110 termed I thought of by the British Colonist, for in
lD Wal.t
8 City dlrecto
y of 1837. It the issue of that paper on Stptember',
was originally a.n old cabinet or
arpenter 1839, we find the foUowinp::-
work
hop, and w-as rented h, one ot the .. Near the corner of York street and
W!lli: ms' of !abinet
ork fame. The I King street, in tbis city, tbere 9tand
a
Duildmg .tood In off K1D1l; street, at the small tenement which has bet>n di
DJfied

ar of )le
tild'8 aD4i faoed south. It \\-&8 by the name of" The fhE;a.tre Roval.' and

82

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

in confirmation of this tiUe the place h31'1
recently been taken possession vi by a
party of strolling pla.yers from Yankee
land. Any of our readers who are curious
to see the place, or ü they choose, tbA pray,
can be at DO difficulty to find i;; out, as
every evening the name is displa.yed in
large letters over the door, throue;h the
trausparencyof a huge lantern, 'Theatre
Rayal. '
" It so happ,med, that on Sa.turday even-
ing last, whee p:\ssing along with Do friend,
we wert' induced to enter, beinu, as we
Were informed, for the benefit of Miss E.
Ince. A bent>fit night at a theatre is gen-
erally expected to produce something !!lore
than common, both in the shap3 of enter-
tainment by the performers, and larger
rec_ipts of dollars and cents from the
public, wh::> honour them with their com-
pJ.ny. If any extra effort were made to
please on thi.3 occasion, the ordinary per-
formance of these strollers must be very
ordinary indeed, and for the tast
of To.
ronto, we trust that a Bom
wbat more than
ordiuary attenda.nce: took place on Saturday,
as pit, loxes, and gallery, s3emed to be
well filled.
., Xhe performance commenced with wha.t
wall styled in the bills · The much-admired
farce of Nature and Philosophy,' on the
youth who l!e'1er saw a woman. This farce
may b3 admired across .;he lines, but neither
in the sentiment, nor the manner in whbh
it was ar.teà, was t.here anything to excite
admiration he:e; both tbB fare} and the
actors of it are al'ogether too contemptiblj
for critici::;m.
" An attempt was made by one of the
company to sing a Scotch /Song. It Was
noticed in the bills of the evening · Scotch
Song, by Mrs.
ennox,' and we would be
,
as a favour of that songstrel!ll!l, that she may
never attempt the like again in this phce.
Never before had it been our lot to listen
to th3 heautiful s(jl!g by the E ri.:k Shep-
herd, 'Carn' Je by Athol' 80 brutally mur-
dered. This was fol!(;wed by an at temp
to act the op
ra of · The Maid of Ca.. h
m
re,' and it 'Was bu
an attempt Mi's
Iuce danct>d tolerably well, and that is all
that can be said in favour of the pJrform-
ance. By this time our patience was quiçe
exhausted; we left, and immediately spt
to write this noticè, lest by delay we might
so far for
et; what WI: had witn
slled as to
do ilJju
tice afte:'warJs \0 any of the com-
p1.ny, by detracting from their jus
merits
.s player3.
" \\T c will not take it upon us to say
whether Toronto is cap.lble of supporting
for a season, that may be freqlhooted by
sucb of tbe respectab:e part of the commu-

nityas relish these amu:ements, but whether
or not, there is no reason why such a mi.er-
ab!e catch-pznny, as that at present; in op
r-
ation, should be tolerated.
· The municipal authoritie! shou1d inter..
fere, and abate the nuisance."
Then came D
rring s, ano
her ba.l'n-
like structure, near the Onta:-io
Hou!;e, of whi,'h he was proprietor.
This theatre stood on the corner of Scetli
and 'Vellington streets. It was in exist-
ence but a shori time, for al!l frequentlv
happ:ms in the cheQuer
d life of show
folks it resulted in a grand financial fl ,re
up, and Mr. Campbell, father of a legal
lie-ht now passed over to the
reat majority,
Stedman ß. Campbell, was a IdUfi'3rer.
This buildin
, for years afÞrwards, was
used as an immigration offiiJe, and has
since passed away bef Ire the industrious
hands of progress. About this time Mr.
John Munn converted an old bam on
CoJborne street, near the corner of Leader
Lane, into a livery stable, and established
a hotel in connection with it. He had
a number of horses, amongst the lot two
spotted, or so-called Ar.,bians. Mr. Munn's
son, Charleg Harley, Dd.niel Brook!!, John
Munroe, Wil;iam Revnolds, \VilIie Stewart,
Charles H_ Rogers, R ,bert Phair, James
Hutchinso.n, an:! Alexander Jacques were
b,lOded to
ether as a company, and a circWl
was organiz5d. Mr. Mun
a good-natured
persoa, fond of amusement, ga.ve them all
assistance, a.nd on the lot they had q i1Ïte
a i!;igantic structure-
i
antic for amareurs
-and h3re ground and lofty tumbling,
equestrhn ac
s, and all the wonderful
gymnastic feats of the day wePe
iven with
good patrona
e. The ruthless demon, fi"e,
consumed the build ng one llIght, and thus
terminated the shoW'. Followin'l this,
on the west side of William street, and
about four hundroo feet altove QLleen street,
a bd.rn Watl secured by ",n amateur cumbina-
tion, in whL:h Jo:m Ferrier, Ja.mes Bur-
p:esl'l, E lward Morphy. John Bro\\n, Cha.rles
S.ot'.':3bury, D.J.vid B.1.fnfeather, FrRnk
Smith, and Alexander Jacql168 were the
sta\'s. The hdie:J who took part were
Miss Phil1ip
, Mrs, F. Smith, Hannah
Rose, and Mrs. Baker. The Gold
n
.l!arrn
r, the Swiss Cottage, Conrentment vs.
Riches, the Happy Cobbler a.nd The Br-jgands
were among...t the productions. Some of
the boys s;:ot to runDin
loose, and on one
occa.sion the H
milton amateurs, John J.
Hand, Th3ma.b L. Mackintosh, and the two
brothers, Ma.rk and John H'iorriøon, came
down to play with tbe 10CJ.l society, pro.
ducin
.. M.18t1"toebough." and ., Cl1arlt:a
the Second, 01' the M
r. y 1\ionar.::h" The
home compa.ny w, und up by a Viblt to the

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

483

Ambitious City, and 1.\ I!;eneral neglect of sionals as cou!d bit induced to visi
the by
ecbool and all home duries. This bl'Ougbt 1\0 m 'ans attractin town. About this
down the avengio'C ."ord or p,\rental l'od, time John Ritchie built and fitted up a
and the oollap
e of the thell.tre was theatre on the south siùe of Kinp: street
the result. For a short tim) the west, between Bay and York streets, on
building on the
south side of Kmp: the sit
now occupied by a lithograph"
streel; west, that had been used as a coach ing e5tt>.blishment. This he named the
and
u3.rd nou;le for the G,vernor, located R,yal Lyceum. Its first occupant Was
near the ravinE' or creek that once Cl"O!!lSe!t I John S, Potter, th1 m Ul who always har!
between Simcoe and John streets, was con- a tear in his eve, and who made a miserable
verted into a theatre, but it was never iooked failure, leaving sad remembrances in the

OD M a papular rebort, being, &8 it were, shHp' of note
and bill!!. This Same S9ason,
ont of town. The theatre was a frame 1 1848, Toronto was fa:rly scourged by ship
building, standing a little west of the fever and cholera. Rundreàs of emiv,raDts
present Governmpnt Hou
t'. It was occu" I died all the wharves, and in the h Jspital
pied by an f<ma.teur thea.tric101 company. on the lot a
the north-west corner of Kinp:
I.he creek cl'o3!1iug the grou:ld,>, in a sonth- and John streets. Mr. SinclaÏt' was steward

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THE FOURTH THEATRE-FRONT ST. EAST OF CHURCH
T-1834.38
e
st
rly directlOn, ran through the pcl.r- I of the hospital, and his wife, a fat,
ood
Ii lm
nt grounds and pas!!led ont; near the

otch 80ul, smoothed the p:l8:Sage over to
_!!Itern gJ.te and down intu the bay. At the other side of many a lone emigrant
this point the bank was from fifteen to that had left the land or their nativity to
tweuty feet high, and BODle of the m
n of I b3tter their position in life, and here to
t;hil,ty seTen will remember that here wa., pass over to the silent majority. Mr. Alex-
a sort of basin in crescent form. T. P. ander Jacque3, of O,taw&, thus relates an
'Besllard Was the manaO'er of the ama.tt'ur inc.d 'ut ill the history of this theatre:
theatricals p:iven at the theatre all the I " Wh
n John S. PottEr mana
ed the R[)ya.l,
Government House grounds. an iucident occurred, which, from its p cu-
For more than a dozen years To- liarities, left an im!>res
ion on my mind
ronto had now been a city, but as yet I tha.t has been well retain -d. In the com-
the people had seen neither a theatre nor pany, under the assumed name of Brown,
a player thllot won d be dignifi'd with the I W<'i.s a clever actor, a Philadelphian, of
name according to modern I!tandarus. The QU'lker extraction, who boarde.l at 11.11.
ama.teur comp mies h"d provided most of I O'Keefe's hott'll on the north s:de of
the entertainments in the theatrical line, \Ve lingtoD street, near:, op!'Jsite the hea.d
&B.i.ted now aDd then by such profes- of Scott. Brown wall up for a benefit for

484

LAND.\IARKS OF TORONTO.

the Monday ni
ht. I had promised to as- I wicked fhshf's
it up the s
(ne. Ju
t as
sisti and was to appear aB Harry Hamen, we lowered the body into its final restin
-
r.nd Brown as Jeremy Twitcher, in the old place, Potter took off his hat, all following
ED
lish diama oi' The Goìdeon Farmer.' I his example, and in a di
nified, and quite
On Saturday night after the p
rformance clerical soyle, appealed to the
rea.t Au:hor
was over, we had all the arrangemeonts fixed (If the universe for the peace of poor
Ïor M(ndaynigbt, as we walked down K'ng Brown's sou]. Just at that instant peal
to the corner of Y on
a street. I 'was to I after peal, fhèh after flasb, of th
bgntni.lg
visit Brown on Sunday morn;n!! at un and thunder rolled over us and Tividly
o'clock, to
et a copy of my part for the lit up the last scen
. The rain pou: ed in
farce. On
ntf'ring the hotel I Was met torrents, aud, h1.Ving filled in the mother
with the Bt
rtlin
neW's' Brown's dead.' I earth on top of the other, we" departed
Sure lnou
b I found the news too true. from that lonø.ly home of the dead of ea.rly
On vi-itin
his room, there, what but a I York,a spot now unknown as a
raveyard.1J
few hours bdorp, was a I:v:ng being full of Potter IdG during the week, and wa

life, hop", and high a8pÏra.tions, (for he was next heard of in 1849, at the Water street

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THE FIFTH THEATRE - MIRFIELD'S THEATRE :ROYAL-NEAR N. E COR KING A
YORK- 1837

a good versatile comedian) was the ID' I thE-atre, corner of Orange Alley. Cleveland,
animate torm of poor Bro" n. Mr!!. O.Kede Ohio. For a year or two after this amat( urB
wa::; in drea.d of the neW3 ge ting out that played at the Royal Lyceum occasiona.lly,
a man had died of cholera in her be U8t', S9 supported and mana.ged by a.ctor;! of p ac-
mattels were kept quiet. Po.ter WM told I tical experience, Before the year 1849
of the sad en.l, :,nd at once made arnnge- advertisements of dramatic performances
ments Witìl Mr. \Viiliams, undertaker, to are not found in the Toronto newspaprrs,
have the boãy buried in Pott
r's fidd, but atter tha.t date they are encoun"ereJ
Yorkville, that Sundóy night. The we:\ther I with liIomethintz 1ike frequency, if not
was sultry, <and towards even ng a. thunder regularity. At this time, and in succeed.
storm, wi h rain "nd lightnin!!, Stt in. ing years, concerts and f'ntertainm
n'lI of
Abou - ten. o'c
ock, Pot
er and cne or two I dIfferent kinds were given in various. hall
.
others, wIth th1 wnter, proceeded up In 1848 illustrated lectures were glv(n m
Yonge street cn our melan.,ho:y errand, Mechanic;!' Inititute Hall. In 1852 concerts
Durin
the trip to the toll-gate the ra'n I were given in Tempe:ance HJ.lI. In 1853
laad o.:..
d, but from over Wells' hill a paTH.r, IDa of th;: Upper M:s..jssippi River'

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

485

was shown at S
. Lawrence Hall, and at 28
h of Janu&lV an t'nttrtaioment was
the same time
he Sinclair children gave a. g,ven at the Royal Lyceum, in which
concer;; there. In the winter of 1849 th3 ., How to Po\y the Rent" and "Monsieur
Hamilton Amateur Theatrical Society ad- Tonson" were the attractions. ALthou
h
yerti!lt'd to playa three nights' engagement the performances at the Royal Lyceum at
at th"! R .yal Lyceum, bp.ginning on' 'Iues- this time were advertised in Th
Patriot
day. F"bru'Jry 13th, and pr
enting "Love's of that date, curiou
ly enough the paper
Sacrifice" and the "\Vidows, Viotim." The m!lode no comment upon their merit.
admission to their performance. was: Representations at t1&t' Royal Lyceum were
dress circle, 3
. 9d.; pit, 2:!. 6d; gallery, quite frequent now. At th9 benefic of Mr.
lB. 3d. About this time Mr. T. P. Besnard O. H. Toulmin, on F
bruary 5, 1850, the
undertook the m:magement of the Royal p
rformers were Mr. Charles Hill, Mrs.
Lyceul']), On January 5, 1850, the Toronto Charles Hill, Mr. J. D. Humphreys, Mr.
Amateur Theatrical Society adver
ised th'l.t M'mford, Misi Rosalie Hill, Mr. O. H.
on the next Tuesday evening the .ociety Tou'min. Mr. Alfred Tuulmin, and Mr.
would
ive a special performance at the T. P. Besnanì. The last night of th

Royal Lyceum Theatre, under the direction season of 1850, Tuesday, February 12,
oj Mr. De Walden, when the original mem- the performance was under the patronage
bers were to appear, strengthened by a I of the Mayor and Mayore
3. " The

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THE SIXTH THEATRE-DEERINO,II-SCOTT AND WELLISGTON sTs.-1845,
distinguished amateu.r-his first appearance. I Nervous Man and the ]rlan of Nerve,"
The entertainment was to consist of the "The L')an of a Lover" and .. Polk 80-
p
ay "Tipp
rary L
gacy," which had a mania" made up the prQ2ramme. In No.
run of 120 nights in London; a musical vember, 1851, Mr. B snard announced the
interlude, and Lord G
engal's farce of I appearance. .. for a few nights only, of
"The Irish Tutor," in which Mr. T. p, th03e universal favourites, the Heron
B
snard, thE' lessee of the theatre, was to fa.mily, with Sir "'illiam Don, the yonng
iptroduce his odginal song: "Sweet To- I and accomplished Scotch baronet." During
ronto City." The advertisement was this enga!?ement Sir \Vdliam Don playe,1
signed by Alexander .Macdonell, S ,cretarY' 1 "Amioadab Sleek" and "Cousin Joe" in
On January 15th of the same year there "The Rough DiamQnd." The cast of the
was a oharitable benefit at the Royal "Seriou
F'
mily," which was also given,
Lyceum, in which severa.l gentlemen of I was .Mr. Newton, Sir William Don, MIss
the oity took part, aided by Mrs. Charles. Heron, Mr. Clarke, Master Newton, Mrs.
Hill and Mhs Rosalie Hill, under t
le man- I Newttln, .Mrs. Heron, Miss A
net! !lOci Miss
ae:ement of Mr. Charles HilL The pieces Fanny. This year :Mr. and Mrs. McIntyre,
played were the domestic drama of "The Scotch vocalists, g,lve a conc
rt of Scotch
Lost Son" and M'icklin's farce" Love a 180 I songs in St. L'\wrenc
Hall. Added to
Mode." The B.86embIies ()f this pedol the attracti()ßs of the openin
of the season
were held at t
new City Hall. On the of 1852 at the Royal Lyceum was the per-

..86

LAND:\IARKS OF TORONTO.

formance of several pieces by the 7ht I ÏA.vourable. Mr. Nickiuson's dau
htet's
H. L. I. band. Two new p:eees: .. Float- were: Eiiza, the elåest, who married
ing Beacon" and" Cram, ,nd Briz" were I Charl!'s Peter8, a well-known oomt:dian,
presented. On February 12th Mr. Besnard I who came with the family to Toronto in
'tave a benefit to the ToroLto I\mateurs, 1852. One of their sons is now a mt'mber
assisted by the Cooksville brass band and of Df'nman Thompson's company; Charlotte,
the Con
o m:nstl'el
. Later onin the season I (now Mrs. Morrison, of Toronto.) th
widow
were given .. This House to be Sold" and of tt-e late D.1.niel MOl'l ison, a well.known
" Damon and Pythias." The y( 801' 1852 newspaper man; Vir
inia, who mal ried
may be saià to mark the rise of the legiri- l .Mr. Owen Marlowe, and Isabf'lIa. the wife
mate drama in Toronto. In that spason of Mr. Charles Wa cotto both of the lattúr
manager B( snard inrluced that Tery verSa. weli known to the theatre-goer;; of the
sHe actor, John Nickinson, to come over I country. and especially of Ntw York. The
from Buffo.\lo with his Bccomplishod dau
h- Yf'ar 1852 was Miss Oharlotte Nickinson's
tel's, and play a two weeks' engag( mf'nt first St&.son at real sta
e w1lrk; but
at the Royal Lyceum. Iu the company I a.lthough she was only a girl of fifteen, she
that then came to Toronto, b&id
s Mr. at once establisht'd herself as the prime
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TIlE SBVENTH THEATRE-WILLIAM ST. ABOVE QUEEN-1840-50.

Nickil1son and his daughtt'rs, were: C. favourite of the company, and her name
W. Couldock and Mr!'. Buckland, who on the bill-boards was enoueh to crowd
played great drama pa.rts nnder the stia'te the theatre. The summer of 1852 was "'pent
name of Kate Horne. Mrs, Buckland now by the Nickinson fa..nily in To: onto and
lives in .Montreal. Mrs. Char'otte Mol" QUtbec. Mr. Nickinson entered into a
riE-on, nee Charlotte Nickinson, has fur- managerial partnel ship with Mr. Desnard
nished some interestin!? reminiscences oÏ in both those cities; but this not provin2
èhis, her first visit to Tor. nto, and of her I , a 8Uccessful Tenture, Mr. Nickinson gav

subsr quent career here 80S an actrei'S and up the Quebec theatre, and in 18.')3 assumed
manager. J(nny Lind had sung in St./ the sole manaRement of the Ro}al Lyclum.
L!l.wrence Hall two m
ht!', just beiore the I and for five years made it a grilnd success.
arrhal of the Nickinsou troupe. Mrs. Twice during these years the buildin
w:Is
Buckh nd resembled the Swedish nightin- on firt', but on both oCCMions it was save d
iale so i(reat:y tha.I: on the way to the witi'! but slight damage. A queer little
hotel the p
( pIe, catching a glimp
e of her theatre was the Lyceum when Mr. Nick-
fa.ce, surrounded the carriage and followed lDSOU obtail
ed the lease of it. Gl'eat
it, thinking that Miss Lind had returned, pillars obstructt'd the view from pit and
The black (uroit ure, mirrorless, dingy gallery. There were little holf's in the
walls and scanty aocommodaliÌon of Beard's wall, frin
E d with pink curtains, but so
bote!, was a '!r. at surprise to the company arranged that their occupants fð.Ced the
coming from th.? gïded anr! mirrored rooms audier,ce instead of th
stage. On taking
of the Buffalo bot-Is, al'd their first im- possess on Mr. Ni<.:kill.8cn ha.d ail t.h s c!eared
pressious of To
'on'o Wtre anything but out, and four lomfortab!e boxes put in,

LAND:\IARKS OF TORONTO.

487

the auditorium lighted by
3.S, and other for her in which ehe to:>k half a doz-n parts,
imprcvements made. He th{'n secured and she alfo appeared to advantage in all
the services of a capabJe man, named the new productions of the playwri
hts.

lorris. as proporty man and scenic paimer, It was the custom in those days to advertise
and engaged Robert Wilson aq stage ca.r- plays a long time ahead. There were Shakes-
penter. Perform"nc( 1'1 were given nightly peare niihts and Blliwer nights, aod on
by :Mr. Nickinson's stock comp"\ny with these occasions plays wou1d be giv{'n by
such outr,ide attractions 8S might be se- request. Among the rt'sidf!nts of Toronto
cured. Due respect was p3.id to public at this period werè! Lord Elgin, the Hon.
feeïu{!, the theatre beinlZ c!osed during L:olonel Bruce, the brother of Lord Elgin,
Holy - week, and other f{'stivals of the and Sir Hue Dalrymple, iihe colonel
church. An annnal benefit was given to of .the 71st Highlanders, then stationed
the So?diers' Home. Mr. NickinsoD, with- here. H was their custom to besprak a
out whom no performar.c
was complete, favourite play in advance, and then pngage
was a fine actor, -and a remarkably versatile all the boxes for themselves and theIr friends
oue. Everything he a.ttempted he did The usual Shakespeare plays WEre: "As Yt U
welL He sang nicely, and was good in Like 1-," "The Taming of (he Shrew," and
Irish, Scotch and French character parts, "Twelfth Night." The favourite Bulwer
but he was particularly great 0.8 DOQ:berry, plays were: "Money" and "Lady of Lyons. ,.

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THE EIGHTH THEATRE-GOVERNM'ENT HOUSE-KING ST. VlEST-18t5,53.
in "Much Arlo About Nothinp;."Haveraack, I The plays were wdl put on and with (ve!'J
in the "Old Guard," and Sir Pe
er Teazle,in attention to detail. '"As You Like it" was
the "School for Scandal." Hi
rendering d always given with the wrebtling scene
Sir Peter Teazle strongly resf'mbled that of I I which is seldom done now, even in the bes'
John Gilbert, Ihe veteran New York player play houses. Another play sure to draw
of old. men's parts. Mhs N ckinson not crowded houses was '.London Assurance."
only had a fine actor for a father, but also The pet formances bega.n early and ended
one of the greatest tragediennes of the I latE'. The progrf1mme consisted of a drama
century as go(l.mothfr in the p.rson of and a farce, a comedy and two fa.lces or
Charlotte Cushman. She was a.
rue mana- I perhaps three farc(s with dances or sor

er's daughter, and played everythin
in I b tWeen. Durine Mr. Nickinson's fil"s1;
the w:de ranges of tragedy, comedy and Sf'ason at Toronto the H
rons. a musical
farce. Snme of her best known characters I family. made the:r fJppell.rance at the Royal
were La.dy Te
1;1e, Lady G',y Spanker, Nan' Lyceum. One of the Misses Heron is no"
the Good for Nothing, Beatrice, Juliet." Mrs. Richard \V. Scott, of Ottawa, another
Ophelia., Viola, PaulinE'. in" The La.(ly of 1 became a celebrated Italian prima. donn&.
Lyons," and Clara,in "M'Jney." She made a They were sister's of Alfred Hudson, who
Kreat hit in "Native Talent," a play written I was afterward with Mrs. Morl ison at the

488

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

G:
nd Opera House. \Villiam J. Fl('rence I Wallack's coming broke the ice, and after
was one of the company of 1852 He played this it was comparatively e1l.SY to en'taJ(e
Charlie to Mi&s Nickin
on's Nan in the I stars. Charles Mathews and Barry Sulh-
c'Good for Nothing." It was a long time I van appeared at different times. and C. W.
after he had taken the management of the Couldock starred quite frequently. The
Royal Lyceum that Mr. Nickinson was latter was a grt'at friend of Mr. Nickinson
able to get any of the i[reat actors of tl:e I alld his wife died here. M"dame Duret
day
o visit Toronto and play in it. For- I filled the theatre for a month,p
ayirrg ClJack
tunatel.y, wh
le in New York he h'\d gaine
Sheppard." Charles Ha.rllenburgh, the vete-
the fnendshlp of James Wallack, c. the ran New York actor and manager, wa. iD

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THE NIN1'H THEATRE-THE OLD ROYAL LYCEUM-1849.
Wallack whose star was then in the as- I the first stock comp:lny. Wh
n "Ha.mlet
eendant, and a. an act of friendship Mr. was put on he pla.yed the Ghost. One night
Wallaok, accompanied by James Wallack, I he was absent, and the part was given to
jr., came here to p:ay a short enga
ement I Charlet! Rogers, a Scotchman, who read the
in the summer time, for the theatre was I linea with such a pronounced burr as to Bet
kept open the year round. Mr. Wallack the audience roaring with laughter. During
played bis {!reat part of B.nedick to Mili.s Mr. Nickinson'::J palmy da.ys, Toronto had
NickinsolJ's Beatrice on this occasion. Mr. all the best opera. companies, such a.s

LAKDMARKS OF TORONTO.

.s9

ooper's with Fann:e Kempt, Brookhouse
Bowler, Annie Milner and other EUlZlish
celebritip.s. Here Lola. Mont(z. Queen of
B!Iovaria, and the most popu:ar artist, Den-
man Thompson, appeared. The latter, in
hi3 eariy ambition as a comedian. :Dade
hosts of friends, who. when the dark hour
of adversity cast its shadow over his pa.th,
stood by him. and whose kindness he has
neTel' for
otten. In those days Paddy

lile
' Boy was a p'Jpular hero. 'V. J.
Petrie W,lS another favourite, especially
when he madE' his first appearance: in lihe
cO<ltume of a Fairhaven fish wife with the
creel on his back introdl1cin
" Caller
Herrin." G. Simcoe L 'e, Owe;] Marlowe,
AIla.n Halford, and the once famous princr-
of burnt-cork comedians, Cool Bur
e.:;s, all
took their early baths in the dram \tic tub,
under the managerial dictum of John Nick-
inson, Halfurd d ed at Cleveland recently,
He p
o.yed Bob Brierly and similar p1l.rts.
Deuman Thomp.:;on became a m
mber of the
Lyceum coml'any in 1854. He was cast for
min"r pouts, an.i used to dance a hornpipe
between tbe acts. The one thinQ' he was
particularly distiop;u
hed for was an obsti-
nate insistanc
of having his own way.
Once h
was given a part which he refused
to play. Mr. Nickinson told him he should
either play it or ,eave the theatre. "Colonel"
-they all called him Colonel-" I can't
pla.y it, and I shan't lea.ve your theatre,
either," !replied Thompson. Before Mr.
Nickinson hac! recovered from this auda-
cious speech the afterward famous Uncle
Josh followed it up with another: .. Say,
Colonel," he burst out, .. I wl!.nt you to
lend me five dollars." .. What .-10 you
wam fiTe dollars for 1" asked Mr. Nickin-
son. .. I want to get married." "'V here's
your bride? let me see her." Thomp.:;on
went away and presently returned with a
blushing girl. Mr. Nickinson
ave him
the money, and so the comedian embarked
on the sea of ma.trimony with a capital of
five dollars. In 1858 the Royal Lyceum
passed into the hands of another manager.
The same year Mi
s Char:otte Nickiuson
WII.S married, and left the stage until 1872,
when she returned to her profession. After
Mr. .Nickinson the Royal Lyceum was
managed for a time by Mr. J. C. Myers,
and afterward by Mr. Kero, who dis 'p_
p2a.red &uddenly, and is supposed to have
b en thrown OTer Nia
ara F"lls, althoul!'h
th
mystery surrounding his fate ha.s nev
r
beeI1 cleared up, Mr. Myf"S was the maIl-
a
er of the Lyceum in 1864, and in the
latter part of that year and the first of
1865 McKean Buchanan and his dau
hter,
Miss Vil'tz:inia., p'ayed in the dramas of
Shakes.peare anù Scl:.iLler, The bill of the

play, at this time, was a fO'lr pag:! sheet
entitled, .. The Programme." The sCJ.le
of prices was: boxes, four donars; dress
circll', fifty cents; parquette, twenty-five
cents, and famIly circle tweuty cents.
Mr. G
orlZe Holman, of the old and famous
ROLman E:lglish Opera. Comp:my, then
took the Lyceum, ar..d made it a classic
II.nd deserved popular resort of amulement.
Here, as she was wont to be s'yled, the
Canadian prim.-donna, Miss Sallie Holman,
held a strong claim on all amusement
seekers for several sea.sons. Hoggish l:md-
10rJi&m finally drove George out. and he
went to London, where now of tha family
George, sr" Alfred. George, jr" Allie. Mrs.
H-arriet, Mi
ses Sallie and Julia, all that
remJJ.in are the old lady, Mrs. Harriet
tlolman, and her son Allie. J. R. Spa.ck-
man was the acting stage ma.I1all;er under

1r. Holman. The bill of the play, at tbis
time. was entitled "The Player," as we
learn from II. collection oi old play bills
owned by Mr. Rupert Kingsford. In
1867 the then nc,w (;"Jmic opera, "l'lIe Doc-
tor of Alcantara" was produced with the
following ca.st : ..Tuez. Miss Sallie Holman;
Doctor Paracelsus, Mr. Alfred Holman;
Senor BalthazJ.r, Mr. William Davicige,
jr.; Carlos, .Mr. Cha.de.. Drew; Peres, Mr.
Bernetti; Sancho, Mr. J. Huntly; Don
Pomposo, Mr. \Villiam Crawe; Doana
Lucretia, Miss Marian Thackrah ; lsa.bella,
Miss Ju1ia Holman. After the opera "Robert
Ma.caire" was given. Other operas produced
by the ßo'maml were: Fra Di..lVolo, data..
neUa, Aladdin, II Trovatore. Eiisin,
D' Amore, the Daughter of the Regiment.
Dramas, comedies and farces 308 well were
p:'oduceJ, a.mong them: Formosa, Dom-
bey & Son, An Ample Apology, Aurora
Floyd, A Thousand MillIners Wanted.
Love and Murder, The DJbut
nte, Vol. au-
Vent, Hi
L3.st L'Jgs, Slasher and Crasher.
Ben Bolt, B'auty and the Beast, Blue
Bjard, 'l'he Riva.l Artists, Fortunio, N 0-
body's Daughter, The Streets of New York.

I.'he followinll; notice was prmted on the
play bill: "The audience are respectfully
requested not to cali the artists before th4i
curt.l.io, excepting on their benefit nil!hts,
bein
a custom long discontinued in all first.
class theatreI'. " In 1872 Mrs. Morrison,
after the death of her husba.nd, took the
management of the Lyceum from the
Holmans. About a year lc.rer the building
was burned. During Mrs. Morrison's mau-
agement all the bri
ht stars ill the tbeat-
rical sky were brcught to Toronto.
A!ter the burnin
of the LYleum 811
American manager from the Western
Sta.tes .tarted a theatN in a bui:d.
iug on the north side oÌ King street,

490

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

I}, little bAte k from the street, and .. p- II Oh, whar i\re YO\1
wain! young woman, "
proaclted from it by a. pa.ssage-wlI.y, nearly I sed.
opposite that leading in to the Royal She /lib me one sweet look, it aTmost killed
Lycl um. Both these passage-ways are me ded.
still in existence, about half way be- It took a pail of la
er to keep her from,
twe( n Bay a.nd York streets. This home swoon,
of the drama was called 1he Queen's Den down she went to China., in Bo'
Theatre. a.nd for a t;me good performances Moodie's new bal'oon,"
were given there. Tom C. KlDg, a
reat Cool Burgess made his debut, in black
M,\cbeth, pl/lyed there in tragedy. About a.s OLe of the cotton pickin
"pick-a-niniel:i

he same tIme Ha.rry Linrl'ey ff'nted the in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," producl'd for the
Mechanics' Iustimte, and there brouj!h1i out first time in Toronto, at the Royal and
as R;chelieu a fa.ir tragedian by the na.me Alexander Jacques did the artistic in bUln1
of Keene. A long time previous to this COI k for the gl eat Cool. After' he burninø
a play-house, conducted for I\bout a year of the Lyceum a. new theatre was erected
by Dl nman Thompson II.nd Paddy Redmond, on the sa.me site by Jam s French, inte
was the o!d court-house at the corner whose hands this amon
other prop!:'rtie!
ûf Church anò Court streets, fronting on I ' had fallen- This theatre was opened in
the former. It was fitted up by Mr. Petrit', 1874, under the mangement of Mr. GI"aVefl,
and afterwards was rigged up for min- by whom it was conducted for seme

___-:'
'--- ':

I'/

.

... \
'-

TilE TENTH TII'EATRE- TIlE DRILL SHED THEATRE OPPOSITE THE LYCEUM-KING 8'1'.

8trel>y and variety }-,U!'in' ss. It was styled time. The building is now a litho
raphinR
the City Theatre, Redmond, RillV Stew- establist.ment. Over the archway on King
art, J:mmy Gibson, Coon Rogers and street, throu
h which entrance is had to
others ot the "boys" were amongst the the building. may still be seen the inscrip-
!'tarã who amused the people tOt' 11. short tion" Royal Theatre," which was the name
tim
here. Rec'mond 8ol,d Stewal t were given to the new place of lImUl:!ement.
the banjoists. Redmond here introduced About a. week after he opening of
his popUiar ba.llads : the Royal Theatre Mrs. Morri!':on open.
. l ed the first Grand Opera House, on
"
l:,g round the H 'rn" . .. the site of the present one, on the
outh
Slttmg o
the banks W\th the wh
te man, bide of Adelaide street, between Y onge
and the salitre on. the a,d:'
man Iro
the I and Bay strepts. This theatre was built
noble ward, a portlOn of wmch ran t..I1S : for and leflsed to her. The name first
.. A comin' down ob Y onge street, de odder chosen tor it was The Roya.l Op ra, but
arternoon I on acc(.unt of 1ihe r('semblance bet'Wet'n this
I met a. va lan
dam.suel at W arnel's La
, I' and the Royal Thf'atre the name, at the
Beer Saloon,
ugge8tion of Mr. C. W. Couldock, Mrs.
D"cked out in laces, lookin' so beWtifUI I MOT! ison', 6r3t stage mana.ger, changed
and finp, to the Gra.I'd Opera. The ('penin
was
Sl\(:'<[ just come down from Y orkviìle by on the night of ScptembeI' 23rd, 187',
William's Omnibus Line." under the patronage of Lord aDd Lødy

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Dufferin. On this ccca.sion 111-8. Morrison I

recited an opeuing addrt'si! writt{ n by her
bl'Other.in-'aw, 111-. Charle3 Walcott, tlOW
of N..w York. In honour to Lord Dufr.
rin, .-1.
the descendant of Richard Brinsley Sheri-
dan, ,cí'he School for Scand&l" was the play,
with Mrs. Monison as L..dy Ter.z e. Mr
.
Morrison managed the Grand Op!'ra from
this time until 1878, when tho prop!:'rty
pa<sed ido the hands of MI'. Alt:xander
Ma.nnin
and the management out of the
!lands d
rrs. MOl'l ison. During the years
that she managed the theatre Mrs. Morri-
son brouiZht out aU tbe
reat Lr ndon,
Paris and N t'W York successes wit h the
favourite artists of the time in t he prin-
cipal f"ole
, and the Grand was the lead-
ing th('atre of the town. 011 Saturrlay,
'he 29th of Noyember, 1879. the Grand
OPf'ra. House was destl'Oyed by fire.
The work of re.bllilàing C'1mmenced Tturs-
day, December 9,h, 1879, and in fifty-
one workin
days the new theatre was
completed. The architect was Gorge H.
Lalor. Tbe name Grand OpE-ra House was
continued. It was opened, AUgUSTUS Pitou
bein
manag('r and O. B. Sheppard
treasurer, on
I nday e..enin
, February
9th, 1880, by Miss Adelaide Neilson,
supported by her own cCtmpany, under
the direction of M x Strakosch. The
play wa'- uRomeoandJuliet." Short)ya.fter-
ward Mr. Sheppard took t he sole man.
agement of the Grand, which h9 still
retll.inq. The present thea.tre ha.s a 8e&tin

cap!-l,city of 1,750. Among the more pro-
minent actors, actressl2S and singers, who
have appeared on its boarès are: Hf'nry
Irving, EIl
n Terry, Sa'vini, Ri>ssi, Ma.ry
Anderson, Adt'iina Patt;, AH'ani, Law.
rence Barrett, Ade laide N t'Ì Ison, \V i Ison
Barrett, Rhea, Geueviev.. \Vard, Etelka
Gerstpr, Josfph Jefferson, Mrs. D. .P.
Bowers, Janauschc'k, E. A_ Sothern, Charles
Thorn p , Mr. and .Mrs. William J.
Florence, Fanny Davenport, M(,djeliLk:>.
Sarah Ben:harctt, John T. R;Wß1r nd.
Emma Abbott, :Mrs. }{.ousby. :Mrs. Lå.n,,!' ry:
. Mrs. Potter, He'my E. D,xey Jamt:s
O'Neil, G
orge Ri{{nauld, Rohson '& Crrme
Mar
aret Mather, Rose Coghlan, W. J:
S?a.
Jlan, S01 Smirh Ru!'sE'l1. J. K. Emmet,
LillIan RU
8ell, Joseph :Murphy, Rosina.
Vokes. Richard Mamfield, Dion Bouci-
c
u;t, ,!!?m K.
ene, C{ara Mon is, Mi>s
Cary, Clara Lou ise Kellogg, Scalêhi, Min.
nie
almer. Bandmann. the
ragedian, W!l.8
playmg at the Grand when the house was
burned.
The Toronto Opera House on Adl2laide
street. a short distance" et!t ot the Grand
Opera, was buih a few years ago.

491

CHAPTÈR éLXrV. --,
A KING STREET VIEW.

Iook nt IUnl/: Street. East Rnd 11""lt. la
1836-Glallces or the Old Town,
The vie w of King street, east and west,
in the year 1836, is taken from a lithograph,
dra.wn by John Gillespie, lit,bographed
by a Mr. Dod
on, and pablìshed in London
I!:nl!'lani, by .Me
srs. Day & Hag
, Htho

graphels t() the Queen. The view was
taken from the tcp of the building that
stood where R'ce Lewis' new buihìin tf now
stanc's, one door east of I he Dresent Globe
office. The building on this Bite, in 1836,
was occupied by Leslie Bros, tbe drug,'
gists and sta.tioners Rnd publisher!:! of [he
Examinf3r new
Daper. and at a l.ter date
was occupied by Francis Hincks. The
last newspaper hsued here WfS the Weelcly
Message, puultshed hy Wil!iam Lyon Mac-
ken..ie. The view shows King stret't, east
and west, from the south-e:.st of ..f. E.
Ellis & Co's. corner on the east, and from
the south-west or Dominion B nk cornf'r on
the Wf'st.
Commer.cing at the south.rast corner,
we have at 1S o. 195 t.he rstablishment of
Archiba!d Laurie &; Co., wbosesale and
retail dry-goods merchr.nt.<:, l"ccupied in
latt r years by \Vm. H. Dow & Co., and at
present the site (.f The Dominion Ba.nk.
Next door west was No. lY5
, the Surro-

ate (ffi np (f T he Home District, occupied
hy D . W, W. Balòwin, and also by B:1.!d.
win & SuI iva.n, attorney
, &c. The p'l.rt-
ners in this firm were the wlll-known Hen.
R, bt. Baldwin and the late Robert Bald-
win Sui iv!l.l', afterwards Mr. Justice
Sullivan. West of this buildhJg, at No.
197, and on the site now occupied by
.Michie & Co., waS the estab!isl m, nt of
Richard N orthcote, '{in gel', beer maker,
a.nd Wm. J( hnston, fl..x and wooden-
wheel maker. .Mr. Northcote was at an
farHer date on King street east, opposite
the market. Next door west, a.t No. 199,
was the drY-Q'oods establishment of \Vm.
Cormack & Co., where l\ wholesale and
retail dry-goods business was carried on.
Near the corner, at No. 201, B. Bache had
a saloon on the site of the propprty after.
ward
bought by Franklin Jacques.
Cross'ng Jordan street, thp. hou::,e with
the peaked ronf w!ts No. 203, the residence
of Ch'\s. l\hN,
lly, the wntch-maker, a.fter-
wards occupied by Mr. O.borne,
the land
Rl;!ent, his daught rs having a pOl tinn of the
house for a. milliut'l y sh(>p, while the
W( stern part was tl nanted by Thos.
Brown, a sa.dllier. who kept a b
arc1in
-
hr,use. The shop was aftt'rward'! the place
(,f bUI!'ine88 of A. S. Irvin
and J u.cquC's &;

492

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Ha.y. West of this was No. 207, the build-
ing of the Commercial Bank .,1 Canada,
erected on the site of the first Methodist
chUt'ch in T!>ronto, which, p: ior to the
erection of the Bank, had been turned into
the II Theatre Royal." ThCJ8. Ci\rftae, jr.,
had a gene
'al store at No. 209, weet of the
Comm
rciai Bank, and h-.:re a
aiu, at No.
211, 'Was the Black Sw.n, a t.vern
occupied by John :Ba.ker, a well-known
hostelry. Years later Mr. Myers had &.
grocery ShOp east of the E.ntrll.I1ce too the
ßiãCk -Swan, au<r-I>ack in the Y!Lrd, facinl?'
on Melinda stl'eet, was II The Shades,"
a popuìar drinking resort. One door west
was Baldrv's celebrated fruit and con-
fectionery store, from which aU the sweB
p Irties in town were supplied with edible
.
:Further west, at No 213, wa.s N. FenneH,
the tailor, and n.djoining Fennell's was
the shop of Timothy Par.soIUl' straw bonnet
and drapery warehouse r..nù the home eof
the first }J {'chanics' Institute library,
This was the first collection or books in
connection with the library of theMf'chanic;;'
Institute. Franco Rossi, a well. known
FreDch confectioner, ha.d hig ,shop at No.
217, adjoining the residEonce of a Dr.
Tim". At the cornPl' of BM' str'eet was
the esh,bli8hment of Jordan Põst, the old-
time watch Imd clock.maker of York.
This brings us to tÏ1e western limit of the
yiew on the 8outoh side of King street.
Commencing at the south.east corner.
the present location of J. E. E!lis & Co.,
we bave the estab1ishment of Ross & Mc
L:Jod, predeces!!ors oÏ Ro
s, Mitchell & Co.
At II. later date Het!ey & Brown, and the,.
Betley & Kay were tena.nts. Next door
east Was the shop of Thos. Clark, a well.
known hatter, a stout, jolly, fiorid-com.
plexioned Englishman, a prominent memo
ber of the Methodist church. East again
WRS the àry,goods estab!ishment of W.
Wylie, and adjo:ninJ1; the shop of good
old Robert Walker, who succeedtd to thp
business of Lo\wson & \Valker. Mr'.
Robert \Yaìker was afterwards the founder
of the Golden Lion. G.Jing east we ha\re
.. cheap Thos, Tnompson's shoe ware-
hOUS
." Mr. Thompson was the father of
Mr. Thomas Thompson, the Macy of To-
ronto, the foundf>r of the .Mammoth,
Then C. & W. Walker, the merchant
tailors. Mr. Charles Walker's nephew IS now
ma.na.g
r of the C.lDadian Rubber Co.
In the oriJ;{inal picture the ØÜ{H of the
next door east is blottecl out, but &. direc-
tory of 1834 shows that .. S. E. Tuylvr"
had a drY-lloods store there. At No. 177
James Connell had a. dry-goods establish-
ment. and in the two large brick building
,
to the east a
a.io. were th
eshblish.

ments of Peter Pat elson, dry-goods mer-
chant, wbo for many yea.rs lived at
Bla.ntyre, Riverside, and Benjamin Bros.,
of Montreal, dry-{{oods JD8rchants. Robert
Barwick, confectioner, had a. wooden
building to the c:ast of B
lJjamin's, and
"'as liberally p:\tronjz
d in tohe ear;y days
by the small boys of York, and the next
door to the east is the shop of :fhomas
Webb, the bootma.ker, who, it is claimed,
was the terror of insura.nce men, tor hi:'!
bui'ding was always burning down. Finally
he left town and went to London, Ont.,
from which place he also made a nasty re-
moval.
The Dr rth or right hand side of
he
picture shows the ga.rden!! in rear of
Pat e:'son's hardware store, and the large
brick building was Dutcher's foundry,
afterwards the estabhshment d the late
J ohu McGee. The building In the north.
west Cl)rner, with the
quJ.re tower, is the
residence of .lesse Ketcllum, at the cor.ler
of Y onge and Adelaide streets. In the
south-east corner, &. buildin
on tohe corner
of Yonge and Melinda. streets, with the
sj
n "Capreol's Commeroial SJ.lea Rooms,"
wi!l be noticed.
The view from which this cut. is takcL
was kindly lent by Mr. W. B. Hamilton, of
J an' is street.

CHAPTER CLXV.
CHANCELLOR JAMESON'S HOUSE

"'here _-inna .Jameson, tht" ('elt"brated 11'0-
mall of Letter". LITecl Durin::; lIt"r Bl'lel
Itesldence In Tork-Her IJnbl&PPY "He.

At Dublin, Ireland, in 1794, there was
born to Brownell Murphy, an Irish minia-
ture painter, and his English wife, a
irl
who was destined to share the lot which
so frequently falls to persolls of taJent-
to be admired by all thp. world and yet to
live a life of domestic unhappines!'. The
girl was christened Anna. Dllrin!! the yea:'s
of her girlhood her pa.rents, who ,vere poor
and often in difficuiti 'lI, moved about from
p1ace to place in .ßngland, Anna grew up
a 8H1J:{uln.r child \Vhen yet but a. mere
child, of her own a.ccord she worked at
modern lan
ua!Zes, and even d'l.bbled in
Oriental literature. and to such purpose
that at an early a
e she Wa.fS an accomp!i
herl
girl; but, as she heraelf coofe8s
s in IIt'r
writings, w.th va
ue and confused ideas of
morality and religion. As she grew
older the circumstal,ces of her parents im-
proved, and she was not in sueh distress
of mind over domestic difficulties as she
had been in her earlier years. As a young
lartv <Ù1,} had_ if not a beautiful_ stm a

G STREET, TOBO.

(OP 492)

cö
M

Ó
Eo<
Z
o

o
Eo<
Eo<

;.1

foo
II)

Z

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

singularly attractive, face. In 1820 she met
Robert S. Jamt'son, a young ba.rristEr, of
good family. The youn
couple were dra.wn
towa.rd each other a.t the\,r first meeting.
and very soon afterwa.rd "e: e engaged,
But their engagement wa.s followed almost
immediatt:ly by t heir estral1
ement. Anna
secured a position &8 & governess anti
travelled about EuroW. and it would ha.ve
been well had they never met &ga.in. But
two years l&ter they were thrown together
a.
ain by circumstances, the old attacl:mcnt
was renewed. and was followed by 1iheir
ma.rria.ge, The ceremony took place on a.
Wednesday, a.nd the couple went at once
to lod{{in
s in London. On the Sunday
following the bridegroom proposed that
they
o to ca.ll on a fami y who were

493

time Mr. Jameson obtained an appoint-
ment to a. jud"eship in the Island of Do-
minica. for "hich he !>a.iled, leaving his wife
to roam over the continent cf Europe,
where she was every where welcomed in
the highest circ!es of art and. literature, for
durin/:{ her iour years of married life she
ha.d made herself known to a large circle
by hel' writings. At Weìmar she became
intim1.tely acquainted with Goethe. Ml'.
Jame60n's post in the West Indies proving
una.ttractive. he returned to Englan(l ill
1833. a.nd soon afterwa.rd obtain!'d the
Speakership of the House of Upper Canada..
He at once sa.iled for York, a.ga.in
leaving his wife behind. On his ar-
I ivaI here he a.t first lived in a.
house nea.r Justice Hagerman'"., at

'

r DI
, -.,- , c:r '::;::::ro-r_-<-"""
_
...........___ -
__ I

".., I. ,J' ,--,"'"
_ -- .:- I ':'i.. ,
. "'- =
.,'"
,
,
I
! .:-
'.
I ."_

Z-.

=== -
-::- ---
- .
CHANCELLUB JAMESO
'8 HOUSE.

friends of his, but whom his wife had never the corner of Wellington a.nd Simcoe streets.
met. She objected, but he insisted, and Dr. Sca.dding I!IJ.YS of him that "his COD-
at last de-dared that if she would not vel'sationa.l Dowers were admil'a.òle and
accompany him he would
o a.lone. In no slight intirest a.ttached to the pleallant
the most unhappy fr'\me of mind she put ta:k of one who, in his younger days. had
on her best gown and started out with b3en the familiar associate of Southey,
him. They had gone but a short "a.y \V ordsworth and Samuel Ta.vlor Cele
when it began to ra.in, a.nd bE'r dress was ridge." Ha.rt1(y ColE:ridge a.ddréssed thrpe
bE\draQ'
led by the mud and wet. She sonnets to him, under the heading of " To
pleadei that it wa!! now impossible for a Friend." .. Mr. Jameson was a man
he:: to go on. but he still insis!ed. and a.t ot hi
h culture a.nd fine li!;erary tastes.
length,
ettin
into a. passion, thl ust the He was, moreover, an amr.tel1r artist cf
umbrella. in her band, and to!d her to go no ordina.ry skill. His countenance, e
pe-
back to the house. She did so, while he clal1y in his old a
e, was of the Jeremy
continued his way, and to the inexpressible Bentham sta.mp." Not lon
after hOs ar-
a
tonisbment of his friends spe!Hi the
rea.ter riva.l at York Mr. Jameson "as appointed
part of the day with them and rema.ined Attorney,General of the Provincf'. He
to dinner. SUCD WiI.B the beginning of the then selected, enclosed and ornamentally
ma.rit.al ca.reer of a ta'ented young man and I planted a. lot &t tbe we8t corner of Front
a gifted wom
n. From thi!l time they a.nd Brock streets, and here he built a
were in continual strife, but they lived heme. He th'.n wrote for hi,. wife to join
toe:ether for four ycare. at the end of which bim here. She. however, mani(e
te.i .

494

T..ARDM.A RKS OF TOR08TO.

I{reat disinclinatIOn to do so, and her letter
,
not on:y to him but to her friends, show
conclusively thaI; all her love tor him
was dead. FinaUy, he asserted hi8 autho-
rity, an,1 in obedience to his commanò a

husb'md she saIled f"r New i:ork. Here
again she W,tS disappointed. There was
no one to m
et her, and she w-\s compelled
to make the j,:mrne)- alone. Even on her
arri val at York she complained that she
was ob!iQ:ed to walk ank' e-deep in mud.
Mrs. Jameson arrived at Y orlt in 1836,
and how she regarded it may be s
en from
her writing She says: "It is a little,
ill,built town, on low land, at the bottom
of a frozen b,ty, with one very ugly church,
without tower or steeple, (St. James') somp.
g,)vernmenli offices, built of staring red
brick, in the most tasteless, vulgar style
imaginable, (the present p trliament build-
ings) three feet of snow all around, a.nd
th3 grey, sullen, uninviting lake and the
dJ.rk gloom of the pine forest bounding the
prospect." She m1de her home in th

house at the west 01 Brock street until the
spring Meanwhile ht'r husband had been
ma.de Vice-Chanc311or-the hi
he"t position
to which he could attain, for the chance}.
lorship wa.g y,'sted in the crown, Mrs.
J.meson" however, bad grown indifferent
to hIS successe:'l. In the spring she s
arted
on a journey through western Canada, in-
t.:rviewing the eccentric Colonel Ta'bJt
in his retreat, sbooting rapids in birch-
bark canol'S, and livine' a balf.wild life
among the India.ns. After two months of
this life of advf>nture, she returned to her
husband at York. In the Front street
house she wrote letters aboundinsr' in
merciless c.-iticism of the people, mailllel's
and customs of the town Here she wrote
ber "\Vinter Rtudie3 and Summer Ram-
bles" and the preface to her " Character-
istics of \Vomen." The first-named ,"olume
thU8 conclud
s : U At 3 o'clock in the morn-
inl!:, just ai the moon was setting on L3.ke
O,ltario, I arrived at the door of my own
house in Toronto, b,lving been absE:nt on
this wild expedllion just two months. "
For her daring in shooting the rapiàs at
the Sault she had been formally named
by the Otchipw/l.Ys of the loca.lity W as-!!a-
je,wun-e-qua-\Voman of the Brirzht
Stream, Dr. Scaddillg record::! the follow-
ing pJrsonal recollections of Mrs. Jame
on J
rzathered durin,g her stay here. He says:
.. Mrs. J ame>on was unattractive in per-
son at first sight, althou
h, as could scarcely
fail to be the case in one so highly en-
dowed, her features, leparately considerpd,
were hne and boldly ma.rked. Intellectu,
aJiy, she was a.n el1c:\ant eas. Bea-ides an
originality r.nd independence of judgmf'nt

on most subject8,and a facility in generalis,
jn
and reducing thought to the form of
a neat aphorism, sh
had. a &tl'ong and
cnpa.cious memory, richìy furnished with
cboice tbings. Her conversation wai con-
sequently of the mos
falclllating kmd.
She sang., too, in sweet taste, with a quiet
sofmess, without di
pIIl.V. She sketched
from nature with great elegance, boud de-
sil:rned clever
y. The seven or ci,ht ilIus.
tl'ationl which appear in the Americ:l.n
editions of the . Characteristics,' da.ted
I&t Toronto, are etched by her elf, ani
bear her autograph 'Anna.' The same
is to b3 observed of the iilustrations ill the
Englisb editiau of her 'Common-place
Book of 'l'hought, Memories and F"ncies,'
DnJ in her lal'g
r volump.s on various art
su1.j
cts. Sh,
had supf>r-eminently beauti-
ful h'l.ßds, which she always scrupu on81y
C'uarded from contact wIth the outer air.
Mrs. Jemepon W,iS '\ connoisseu.- in hands.
Though ine merest tr fles we may record
here, on
or two further personal recolific-
tions of Mrs. .Tamf""oJ1 -of h"r apprecia-
tbn, for eX1mple, of the very obvious quo,
tation from Horace to be appendf>d to a httle
sketch of hðr own, rf'presenting- a child
asleep. but in dalJ
er from a serpent near.
The it'rational conventionalities of society
she sought to counteract by her words on
suitable occllEioni, and by her (xlmple es-
pecially in point of dresl, which did not
conform to 1 he customs in vogue. In the
Kensington Mus
um there is a bust exceed-
lllgly fine of M.'s. Jame!'on by tbe c
le-
brated SCUlpL or , Gibson, executed by him as
th ân
cr. ption "peaks in her honour. Fltte
n
months after her arrival in York Mrs.
Jltmp!';on bade her hu-b3.nd good-bye and
l'!tt hIm. They never Diet again. She
travelied for a time through the U uited
States, and tben retqrned to Europe, over
which ehe travelled extensively. Shs wa.s,
for a long time, an intimate friend ot'Lady
Byron, until by some act she provoked her
ladyship's disple3.sure. The pension allowed
her by ber husband, with her literary
earningiil, enabled hel' to live at her eaSE:.
She died in 1860, and was buried in Kensal
Green." Among her' works are: II Sacred
and Lngen.iary Art," II The Diary of aD
Elllluye," "Legends of th
M0naBUo
Orders," u I.J gends of ths Madonnl\,"
.. Lives of the Poets," "Visits and
Sketcbes at Home and Abroad," "Me-
moirs of the Lives of Cdebrated Female
Sovereigns," .. The Wind,>or Beauties,"
.. Characteristics of W, men," "Winter
S
udi"s and :::ïummer Rambles in Canada,"
.. Memoirs of Ei.rly Italian P"inters,"
.. Literature and Social Mora
s," .. M
moirs
and Essays in Art, " and various band-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I

495

books to artistic collections. The Vice-I years after the establishment of the brewery,
Chancellor, some years before Mrs. Jame- I Mr. Henderson, its proprietor, died, The
lon's death, w&S, in 1850, retireð on a pension. property then passed into the hands of Wil.
liam Allan, a.nd from him it was taken by
Dr. Thoa. Storell, an American, who had
come to Yark as early a.a 1799, and
who W3UI also engaged in the hotel business
for a time as the successor of Abner :Miles.
Dr.
toyell conducted the brewery in 1822.
He only followed the busineas two or three
veaIl and it waa then taken by Joseph
Shaw, who ran it five or six yea.rs. Previ-
oua to the erection of the brewery adjoining
his house at the north-west corner of Bay
and Adelaide streets, John Doel for a time
ca.rried on the brewery. Then a brewer

CHAPTER CLXVI.
ThE FIRST BREWERY OF YORK.

A (;orner Where Malt Liquor. uere JlaDu-
f'actured for 75 Tears.
The small stone buUdin
on the south-
east corner of Sherbourne and Duchess
streets is all that rema.ins of the first brew-
ery built at York. This was origmally its
malt house and granary. It is now a black-
smith shop. The brewery was built in 1815
by a man named Henderson, connected by

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marriage with the HelliweUs, brewers at I nßmed Lynch managed 'he business. Since,
York, a\. a later period, Not long after then several proprietors ba va engaged in
Hendet'son's brewery was built Farr's, on business there, and to-àay a modern
Queen street, was also: In 1820 the Sher, brewery stands nea.rly on the same site
bourne street brewery consisted of the stone which has been devoted to the manufacture
granary, a range of small frame buildings of malt liquors for three-quarters of.
along Duchess street, where the malt was century.
ground in a handmill, and a row of arches
dug in the ba.nk, finisned with masonry and
covered with earth, extending fifty feet
along the south side of the lot. At one end
these arches were used for storing the beer ;
at the other were placed the fermenting
tubs. The entrance to the brewery yard
was on Sherbourne street, just south of
the present stone IJlacksulith shop. A few

CH APTER CLXV 11.
THE QUEEN'S WHARF.

A. Sketch or the GOTernment Dock at the
Foot or BaUanrd Street,
In 1833-37, acts relating to York were
enacted, also in 1850, this last rea.ds thus:
,. \V hereas under the act of the Pa.rli..

496

LAND:\lARKS OF TORONTO.

ment of Upper Ca.nada, pal!lseP in the third
year of the reign of King WilHam the
Fourth, and intituled: An act granting
a. sum of money for the constructioa of
works to improve and preserve the harbour
of York and for other purposes therein
mentioned, and the a:.:t of the faid Parlia-
ment passed in the seventh year of the
said reign, and íntituled : An act gNnting
a sum of money to complete the improve-
ments in the harbour of Toronto were
made, and fums of mom.y were a.d-
vanced by the Q;overnment for making the
said improvements, the claim of the pro,
vince for any balance whereof can easiiy
be adjusted in a satisfactory manner, and
it is expedient that the operation of the
said acts "hould cease, and tl
at better pro-
vision should be m'lde for the improvement
and mana[!ement of the said harbour; be
it therefore enacted by the Queen's Most
ExceIJent :Majesty, by and with the con.
sent of the Legislative Council and the
L
gislatiYe ASiembly of the province of
Canada, constituted and assembled by
virtue of a.lId under t he author it v of a n act
pa.ssed in the Parliament of ihe United
Kingdom of Great Brita.in and Ireland,
IJ.nd íntituled: An act to re-unite the pro-
vinces of Upper and Lower Ca.nad'l and
for the government of Canada. al
d it is
hereby enacted by the authority of the
same, that from and biter the passing of
this act the operation c,f the acts cited in
the preamble to this act shall cease, anù
1 he improvements made under the same,
or hereafter to be made in the sltid h rbour,
sh<:lL be u
der the control and manage-
ment of the commissioners hereinafter men-
tioned. "
Under the provisions of the act above
mentioned, as passed in 1833 and 1837,
the dock at the foot of B lthurst street,
intended for the receipt of stored for the
gLtrrisfln, and named the government wharf,
was extended. As ma.v be seen in tbe at:),
companying illustratioñ, the Esplana.de had
I:Ot yet been made, nor the bank cut
qOWll. The only existing whal ves were in
the f'8.stern pa.rt of the city. The act of
1850 provided for the appointment of har-
bour commissioners, under whom has since
been the control of the harbour' and the
improvt meIJt
made in it, In 1850 the
cornmilsi"ners of the harbour trust were
. ppointt d BCCQ1'ding to the provisions of
the act. The first board com,isted of
George GUI nett, Mayor, and William A.
Ca.mpbeil, Ch80irman of the Wharves and
Ihrbours Committee appointed by the
c ry of Toronto; George Percival RióLut,
Vresiùent of the Boa.rd of 'rrade, and Peter
Rúbinson, Vice-President of the same. 8.p-

pointed by the Board of Trade, pnd James
G. Chewetf., nominated by the previou,,)]'
appointed commissbners, and coniirmed by
the Governor-General. Mr. Chewett was
appointed president of the commission. The
first work of the new board, on the first of
December, was the inviting of tenden for
the removal of "certain stones now lying
in the channel in front of the Queen's
wharf." At the same time the Inspector-
General wa" notified tha.t after the first of
January, 1851, the commission would as.
sume the col ection of dues and the manage-
ment of the harbour entirely. In 18.31
Ctloptain Richardson was appointed the first
Harbour Ma
ter. The wharf, which was
originally built extendinll out flOm 130 to
150 feet, was extended afterward a distanc

of a.bout 70 feet more, ..he extension bei:lll
to the westward, for the purpose of kelO'p-
ing sand out of the channel. In mapl5,
showin
the harbour in 1815, no wharf is
marked at the western entrance to the
ha: bour, but in plans ()f 1828 the govern.
ment wharf is shown as ori'tinally built.
III p'ano; of 1837 an extension l]ad been
maae. A light-house had early betn built,
and in the summer of 1851 the Harbour
C( mmissioners (,rdered the purchase of
coioul cd light::! for the light-house on the
Queen's wharf "to make it a distinguish.
ing light." In the winter of 1850-51 Cap.
tain Richar,lson reported that "the height
of water stood at nine feet at a certain
place at the Queen's wharf." This was es' ab-
lisherl a.s vro mark f(lr low water. In 1853
t<)nders were asked for the widening of he
Queen's wl>arf, and the contract was
awarded to Richard Tinníng, at ;e2,850.
Two constab1es were appointed this year
for preserving the peace on the wharf.
In 1854 the lights on the wharf were kept
lighted nIl winter, because, as it is ob.
served, of naviga.tion requiring it. In Clip-
tain Richardson.s np_.rt for 1854 he stares
that the western channel in 1849 'fVas lOB
yards wide; in 1850 100 ya.rds, and iu
1851 90 }ards; in 1853 77 yards, o.nd
in 1854 73 yards. The same year Mr.
Cotton was employed in dredging the chan-
nel to a width of 500 feet from the
Queen's wharf oÍ on 8.verage depth of
fourteen feet,. Sinc3 1853 Mr. Klvas Tul
y
has ùeen the t.:Ïvil engineer' in charge of the
extension of the wharf. In 1854 the Queen's
wharf was ordered to -be widened tG
the extent of forty feet on the west sHe,
and two hundred feet in leng, h; also a
sTo!'e-hause was ordered from Chance &: Co.,
25x60, de1ivered in V.,.erpaol for the
wharf, at a cOßt of ;E222, The same year
the Board ot Commis"ioners accepted a.
tender to build & store-house on the wharf,

LANDl\IARK
OF TORONTO.

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498

LANDMARKS OF 'TORONTO.

at !i. cost of otl27 10i!. In 1855 Ì1i is re, ment, the military, and a few of the more
ported that "110 steam dredge was pur- prominent merchants, made up a society
chased for the sum of otl,733 5s. 2.i.. after which, although existing in a wilderness,
the commission
ls had held a meeting at had b.:'en reared in the culture and polish
the Queen's wharf at 7 a. m., and inspected of Europe. Mr. S. M. Jarvis has in his
tbe workings of the dredg", in both deep poss
ssion the original manuscript of the
and sha.lIow water." In 1859 the Grand preliminary arrangE-'ments for this balL
Trunk railway company was given permis- The first paragraphs are in the hand-
sion to lay a track on the Que n's wharf writing of Chief Justice Robinson. The
for one year. In March, 1863, a contract signatures of the subscribers are auto-
for building two hundred feet additional graphs. This is a copy of the pap
r, which.
to the Queen's wharf was c:iven to Mr. 1\0 far as known, is the earliest record of ail
John Worthington. In 1866 the Queen's assembly at YOlk :-
whal'f was rented to Mr. Carruthers. In At a meeting of the Irt'nt:emen of York,
1871 the wbad W&8 taken from MI'. Car- sub:;cribers to the assemblies, Stephen J .Ll'vis
ruthers and rf'nted to the T" G. and B. and G
orge Ridout, E-quirt's, were ap-
railway. In 187
Mr. Carr was app:;inted pointed m':l.nagers for the season, the sum
Harbour Master, and in the followin
y
ar to be paid by each sub,criber to be three
Mr. T. D. Harris, Harbour Master, died. pounds, Halifax currency.
In 1875 repJ.ir3 were made to the Qup.en's Subscribers are reque8ted to call on
wharf. The next year the front portion of
t<-phen_J_arvii!, one of the ma.nagers, .to
the Queen's whar f wag thoroughly re- receive tickets on paYl"1ent of tbelr Bubecrlp-
paired at a cost of $3,731 65, not including tion.
the expense of planking, $!27 53, which First; dance on St. Andrew's night, dancin"
was agreed by the T., G. and B. railway to begin at half-past eight o'clock.
company .;hould be refunded by them ac- .Delivered tic.;.ets to Dr. Powell, 12 dol-
coròing to the terms of their lease. In lars; J. Robinson, Esq., 12 dollars; Mr.
1877 Ca.ptain Taylor was appointed Deputy- Lyons, 21 dollars; Mr. Str
chan, 12 d
l-
Hal b"lur MILster at the Queen's wharf. lars' Mr. Macaulay, 12 ùollars; Captam
In 1880 new lights were p
aced on the Critt
nden six tickets; 1\:11', Gladin, 89th,
wharf, a new store-house was ordered to 2
dellars; G. Ridout, 12
ollarø; F. S.
be built, and a. new leMe was granted of Jarvis 12 dollars; S, JarvIs, 12 dollara;
the wharf for a term of twenty years to L, B
ker, 21 dollars; Mr. Smith, 12
the T., G. and B. railway compa.ny. Mr. dollars.
Ba'dwin, the present Harbour Master, has The costumes, or dresses rather, worn by
held that position since 1881. The Que
n's the ladies at. thIS celebrated ball, were
wharf, at the present time, is Ica.sed to U chast. and elegant," as the adv
rtise,ments
the Canadhn Pacific railway comp:tIIV, but of enterprising dry,goods dealers m this,
he
it h under the control of the Harbour .. Queen," and other cities are apt to descnbe
Commissioners. The harbaUl" itself stretches the goods they have for sale" . .
west beyond the wharf some distance. One lady was richly attired 111 ,,!,hlte s
t.m,
In a rt'éent plan are shown the lmits with sippel's to match, and wore In addItIOn
of two winter harb'Jurs adjoining it. The a necklace and tiara of àiamonds; Bh
must
'Wharf has been so eniarged by the ma.ny have presented an appearance so,?ewhat
additions and extensions tllat have been similar to tha.t ot M"ry Queen of Scots o.s
made to it that it now bas a frontage along she is portrayed in the <:elebrated pIcture
the channel (f nearly nine hundred exhibited in Edinburgh castle.
f..t. wï'tlÏ two light-houses at the end, Another "lady of great ]ove1iness," so a
and is one of the most important dOt.:ks in p"ivate letter says, wore black lace over an
the oit.y. I underskirt of crims,?n, wit
an
rtificial rose
-- in her waist and hall', It IS a pity that oDl

CHAPTER CLXVIII. the details of her dress have been preserve a
and that the name of this lady has not been
AN OLD TIME ASSEMBLY. handed down to us. There is little doubt
that many of the young men who danced
with her that night were entranced by her
charms. and that possibly one of t-hem even,
tually led her to tbe altar of Hymen. .
And what a charm there was to the ladles
in the young men. Had not some of these
f>roved themselves heroes in the war just over?
Of the 8ubscnbers. Mr. J. Robinson and
Mr. Ma.caulay were the late Chief Justices.

"be
ub5er.bers to a Bache1or's Ball Beld
at York In 181f.
The bachelors of York, in the latter pa.rt
of 1814, gave a ball at Franks'
hotel. Even in its early da.ys
York was a very sociable place, small
though it was, and natnrally so owing
tio ita isolation The -peopl6 of the gOTern-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

499

whife - CaptaIn Crittenton was a wen' j queer conjunction of 200dS dealt in by earl,
known officer in the 49th Regiment then York merchants. It is :-
stationed here. G. Ridout was neor
1 S. Jar.,.ls, E
q. To Henry Drean &; Co.

;dout, barrister: F. S. J an-is wsa Fre
e' l To 2 doz. ale, 72
.,.... . . . . . . . . .. 1:,7 4: 0
rick Starr JarvIs, of Toron
o township, 1 pro shoes................., 16 0
Usher of the Black RJd, succeeding his Iiyds. Russianduok,
;.,.... 120
fa.ther, Stephen, in that office, S. Jarvis
was Colonel Steph
n Jarvis, U.sher of the I Cr. 1:,8 12 0

la.ck
od. L
aker is u
known. . Mr.

1, doz, bottles returIJed. . . . . . .. El 4 0
::Smith IS Cc,l. Smith, some time President I Cash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16 0
of the Province.
The wine for the ba.ll was bought of Quet- E7 U 0

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ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, BLOOR STREET--184L
ton St. GeorjZe &; Co., the senior member of I Ba.la.nce òue H. D, & Co.......... ;fl 12 0
the firm one o.t the ea.rliest merchants of ReceiVtd payment, J. Reiley.
York, It was paid for early in the Hf'nry D:-t'an W..II a promment merch&.D.t.
followin
January, and this is the bill I on King street. Amongst. the most devoted
for it :- admirers of his pretty da.ughter was Sir
Stephen Janis, Esq., for the dancin
aastm. Allan Ma.cN ab.
by, bot. of Quetton 8t. Georp;e & Co. --
1815-.January.-To 8 ({a.1l0D8 L. I CHAPTER CLXIX.
P. Tt'n
rdre wine, 408 ;-....... .1:,16 0 0 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH BL.OOR ST.
Received the above In full. I - '
Quetton St. George & Co. The Old Rnd New - EdUlcf'.-P
cnIlßr Way
YORK, 3rd Janur.ry, 1815 In wblcta the Flrlll A.cQulred It. Spire.
Supposably about t.he same time another 1:'he ori
lDal St. Paul's church was ..
bill is pnsented t.o Col. Stephen Jarvis, I wooden buildin
, erected in 1841, on the
which ia wort
y of IlQÌ2. as showing the south side of Bloor .treet, .. little east of

500

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Y onge street. It was a long, low, ba.rn- I Of these about one-tbird,ø.n unusual number,
like iooklng structure. until Mr. J. G. are cOll1municants. It is in contempla.tion
Howard, the architect, dhmifie::l it as if b
fore many years to erect a new churcb
by magio with a steeple. The manner of I suitahle to the wants of this rapidl}'-
this was cnrhus. Mr. Allan, of MO!ls imprvving section of the c'tyand suburbs.
Park. gave four fine pine trees, each eighty. I 'Vith that view a building fund has already
IÌve feet lon
. These were laid horizontal. I bef'n commencerl under very fll.vourabl

Iy on the ground, and around them was I circumstances. The nei
hbourhood is a
CODstructf'd a pyramid tapering from very favou1'Íte locality for residence."
ten feet at the base to one foot at the In th
early days of the church the R
v.
to 'D. and surmounted by a b'l.ll and vane. , Charles Matthews occa.sionally officiated
While thus the finished
pire was recum- there, a.nd it was he who '!:ave the fundI!!
bent it was painted white, anG thus by for the erection of the spire. In 1850
means of gin pole;;; and tackling. the spire I the incumbent was the Rev. J. G. D.
was raised to an upright position, the M'tckenzie. It was not until 1861 that
I.

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whole op
ra.tion b"ing performed so'quickly I the new church, contiemplated in 1850,
that travellers pa<Biug by at 2 o'd 'ck in the was erected. This was of stonf', anr! at
af.ernoon and seeing nothing but a low. the time of its building the wooden churoh.
plain structure, could scarcely believe their minui its spirf', was removed to tbe western
eyes when returning at 8 o'clock they were side of Y ol1ge street.
confronted with a towering white steeple.
This house of worship was soon found to be
to,=> small t,} accommodate its growmg
oongregation ,Mr. Howard's services were
again callf'd into requisition, and he still
further improved it and enlarged it by the
addition of an aisle on the we8t side. A
report of the church, published in 1850,
lay. that since its erection it had been
enla.re;l'd to three times its origmal Biz,:"
and adds: "It is now capable of containin

two hundrf'd And fifty p
op'e, the average
a&itendancf' being one hundred and fitly

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

501

CHAPTER CLXX.
CHURCH AND CATHEDRAL.

The HI!ltory of 8&. .James. from U!I Founda.
tion in 1803 to &be Prf'!len& Time, with De-
.c:rlpUons or U. Fonr Edlftee..
More closely than àñy óih
r institution
i. '1'oron1;o, secular or eccle3iasticaJ, is the
church cf St. James, linked wil h its incep-
tion, growth and present condition. As
the founders of the to\,n were Enf;{lish, it
,,&8 natural that the first religious services
!'hould be those of the Church of Enk(land
These were held up to 1803 in the Parlia-
ment ßuilJings, and as there was no ap.
pointed clergymAn MI'. William Cooper, a
layman. read the lessons, except on those
occa.sions when the Rtv. .Mr. S uart, later
the first incumhent, was in town By the
extension of York in 1797, by President
Peter RusselJ, a lot of
ix a
res bounded
by Jarvi!:'. King, l,;hurch and Adel..ide
streets, was set apart as a church plot. In
the map the south-east corner (,f this plot is
marked for the "parson." This land was
then covef(
d with a dense forest of pine
tree!'. On the ei
hth of Janu:lry, 1803.
a meeting cf the male attel.1da.llts at the
Anglican services was held for the purpose
of subJilcribing towarù a. fund fo\" the erec-
\ion of a ckJurch building The proceed-
ingg at thie mleting are thus
iven in the
GauUe of J anual y 22 :-
At a meetll1g of the subscrib:!rs to a
fund for erecting a church iu the town of
York, holden at the Government Buildin
s
OD Saturday, the 8th day of January, in-
stal1t, the Hon. Chi, f Ju tice Elmsley in
the cha.ir, reso: ved. unanimGusly : That each
subscriber shR-ll pay I he amount of his sub-
acrip1öion by I hree il1stalments, the first being
oue mc,iety in one month from this day;
the sp-cond being a moiety of the residue in
two months, and the rE'mainder in three
months; that Mr. \Villiam Allan and Mt'.
Duncan Clm:=ron shall be tr
a
urer
, and
lIhalll'ectÍve the &mount ot the said sub-
scriptions, and tha.t they 1:>e jointly a.1 d
s
ver ally an
werable for all monf ys paid
into Iheir hanòs upun the receipt of either
of them; tbat his Honour the Chief Justice,
the Honourable P. Russell, t he Honourable
Captåin M::Gill, the Rev. Mr. Stuart, Dr.
Macaulay, Mr, Chewett and the two
. 'casurers, b
a committee of the subscribers,
wi, h full power and authOi ity to apply
the moneys arisir'g from t.ubsc1"Íptions to
the purpose contemplat;ed ; provid
d, never-

he
ess. that if allY material differcnce {If
opiuion should arise amollg them resort shall
b. ha.d to a meeting of the
u{:scribers to

Jecide ; that the church be built of stone,
brick or framed timber. B.S the committee
may judge most expedient, due regard being
had to the superior advantage:; of a stone
or brick b1.1iiding, if not counterbalanced
by the additional expense; that ei
ht
hundred pounds of lawiul mon
y be the
t:xtent upon which the committee shall cal-
culate their p
an, but in the first instance
they shall not f:xpend beyond the wm of six
hundred pounds, if the am"unt of the sums
subscribed and paid into the hands of the
treasurers, together with the moneys which
may be allowed by the Bntish Govcrnment
amount to so much, leaving so much of the
work as can most conveniently be disp;,>nsed
with, to be completed by the remaidng two
hundred pounùs; provided, howev
r, that
the said six hundred pounds be Ìald out in
such manner that Divine worship cJ.n be
performed WIth decency in the churcb ;
that the cGmmittee do r, quest the opinicn
of Mr. Berczy respecting the probable ex-
penses which will at
eni the undertaking,
and respecting the materials to be preferred
due regard being had to the amount of the
fuud as aforesaiJ, and that after obtainine-
his opinion th
y do advertise their rea.diness
to receive proposals conformable thereto.
N. B. The propriety oi receiving contribu-
tions in labour or materials is suggested to
the com
ittee. A. Macdonell, secr.:t try to
the meeting,"
Iu the Gazette of June 4, of the same year,
appears the f()l1ow
I.!
adverti

!!!8!1_t:-
U Wanted, a quantity of boards and
scantlinf;{, stones and lime, for building a
church in this town. Any person inclined
to furnish any of theae a.rtic
e" will please
to givE> in their proposals at the l(}west
prices to the subscribers, to be laid bdore
the committee. D. Cameron, \V. Allan.
York, June 1, 1803."
It was determined to build the church of
stone, and the Gazette of July 9 says:
"On \Vedpcsday l"s', the 6th instant, a
meetinn- of the subscribers to the fund for
erecting a church in this town was held
I,t the Government Buildil1gs, on which cc-
casion it was unanimously resolved: That
the saiù church should be built of stone;
that one hundred toiees d stonc should ac-
cordine:iy be contracæd for without delay;
that a quantity of two-inch pine p
a.I' k,
not exceedmg 6,000 feet, ahould also be
la.id in, and II. reasonR-hll' quantity of oak
studs and oak p'ank for the windllw frames
and sashes. A further meeting-, we under-
stand," adds the Gazette, "will be held in
the course of the st:ason. at which when
th
different e:3timates anJ propo.als bave
been examined and the extent which the
fund will reach has been ascertained. some-

502

LAl'D
lARKS OF TORONTO.

'hing decisive will be settled. U
At a meeting subs( quent to this it was
definitelv decided tha.t the church build-
in't should be of wood. The pÏ1;es at the
south-west corner of the plot were cut
down, and here the primitive church oi
York arosp, the soldiers of the ga.rnson
ra.ising the frame by order of Colonel
Sheaffe, the commandant. Dr. SC'lodding
has
iven at length the early history of
St. James', and from him we largely
quote. The church, as erected in 1803,
was a plain structure oÎ wood, placed Iwme
yards back from the road. Its
a.bles faced
east and west, and its solitary door WitS ai:
its western end, and was approached from
Church .treet. Its dimensiuns were fiftv
by forty feet. The sides of the building
were pierc
d by two rows of ordinal y win-
dows, four above and four below. Alto-

ethlr it was in its outwa.rd appearance
simply a.R a. cont(mporary American Ie Geo-
graphical View of the Province of U p-
per Cana::la" describes it, "a meetinO'
house for Episcopalians." In the accoro':
panyin't illustration, from a sketch taken
early in the pre
ent century, the building
is represented as bein
in the midst of a.
grea.t SHove. and stumps of va.rious sizes a.re
visible in the ton-ground.
The p
w-holders in St. Jamf'&', from its
commencement in 1803, were: President
Russt:l:. Justice Cochran.., Justice .Houlton,
Solicitor. Genera.l Gray, Receiver.General
Selby, Christoph"r Robinwn, Gcorg
Crook-
.ba.nk, William Chfwett, J. B. Robin-
BOD, Alexander Wood, WiJ1iam \Vi1l-
cock!', John Beikie, Alexander l\l,
cdonell,
Chief Justice Elmsley, Chid Justice Os-
f?:<,ode, Chief J ustice
cott, Chief J u
tic

Powell, Attomey.Gellera.l Firth, !:Jecretary
Jarvis, General Shaw, Colonel Smith,
D'Arcy Bou ton, William Allan, Duncan
Camel on, John Sma.lI, Thomas Ridout,
\Villia.m Stant0n, Stephfn Heward, Dona.ld
McLean, St! phcn Jal vis, Captain McGill,
('olor,el Givins, Dr. Macaulay, Dr Gamble,
Dr. Baldwin, Dr. Lee, Mr. St. GeorE{e,
Yr. Denison, Mr. Play tel', Mr. Brooke,

Ir. Cawthra, Mr. SctuMing. Mr. Ketchnm,

lr. Cooper, Mr. Ros;!, Mr. Jorda.n, Mr.
Kendrick, 1\1r. Hunt, Mr. HiC!:gin
, Mr.
Andersol 1 , Mr. Murchison, Mr. BI iiht,

r. O'Keefe and Mr. Caleb Humphrey. The
church-wardens tnr 1807-8 were D'Arcv
Boulton and William AllaM; for 1809
William AIJan and Thomas Ridout; for
1810 Wm;am Allan and Stephen Ja.l'vis;
f
r 1812 Dum:an Cameron and Alt'xandt'r
Le2:Ke. The first incumbent of the church
was the Rev. Dr. Økill Sluart, subsrquently
of St. George's, Kingston. OccasiunaI:y
was to be heard Charles James Stua.l't. tbe

second Bishop of Quebec, long a miseionary
in the eastern wwnships of Lower Canada
before his appointment to the Episcopa.te.
In the contour of his hea.d and in his coun-
tenance he resembled Kin
George III.
In 1810 a portiûn of the church plot was
enclosed at an expense of æl 5s. for rails,
of which five hundred were required for
the purpose. At the sa.me time the grou,
d
in front of the west, end where was the
entrance was clea.red of stumps at an
expense of æ3159. In tha.t yea.r the cost
for h
atiD
the buildin
and the charges
connected with the Holy Communion
amounted to æl 7s. 6d., Haìifax currency.
In 1813 Dr. Strachan succeeded Dr. Stuart
as incumbmt of the church, aud in 1818 he
induced the congreKation to effect Borne
alterations and additions in ihe structure.
Th'3 design at first was to extend the build-
(\ r':Y-

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THE FIRST CATHEDRAL

in
ea.slwarc1, not southward; to have
pla.ced the belfry at the WEst end, not a.t
the south; the pulpit was to have been
placed on the north side of the church;
a fOuth pOlch was to ha.ve been erected.
An a.d verÛsement in the Gazette, of the
ear:y pa.rt of 1818, rea.ds: "Plans and esti-
ma.tes for enlarging a.nd repairing the church
will be received by the 5ub8criberl!l befure
the 20th of March, on wh:ch day a.. decision
will be ma.1.(" and the contractor, whose
propmals shall be approved of, must com-
mence the work as the season will pel mite
The intE:ntion i!;', first., to len
then the
church forty feet toward the east with a
circular mJ, thirty of which to form pa.rt of
the body of the (:hurch, and the rema.ininl
ten an a.lta.r wilh a .ma.ll vestlY room
on the one side, a.nd a Govecnment pew
on the other; second, to remove the pul-
l)' t to the north sid... and to erect 1 Wo

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503

LANJ)MARKS OF TORONTO.

gal1eries, one opposite to it and another on
the west en1 ; third, to alter the pews to
suit the situation of the pulpit, and to paint
and number the same throu
hout the
church; fourth, to raise a belfry on the
WEst end, and make a handsome entrance
on the Eouth side of thf
church, and to
pf\int the whole buildine: on th
ou*side.
Thomas R:dout, J. B. Robinson, church-
wardens; William Allan. Feb. 18, 1818."
The intentions hete de,ailed were not
carried into effect. On the north and south
sides of the old building addit:onal
pace
was enciosed, whir.h brou
ht the axis of the
church and its roof into a north and south
direction. An enkance was opened at the
southern end towards King street, and
over the 2able in th:s direction was built
a square tower, bearing a circular bell
turret, surm unted by a small tin-covered
Ep!re. The whole edifice, as thus enlarged
a.nd improved, W&S painted of a light blue
colour, with the exception of the frame3
round the window!! and doors and the
casings at the angles, imitatin
blocks of
stone alterna.tt'ly long a.nd short, which
were pa.imed white. Tl:e oridna.l western
door was not closed up. Its use almost ex-
clusivdy was now on Sundays and other
occas:ons of Divine worshiv to admit the
troops, whose bench s extended along by
the wall on that side the whole length of
the church. The upp!'r windows on all
the four sides W{ re now made circnlar
headed. On the east side t here was a
differ<1nce. The BItar window of Lhe ori
d-
nal bui!ding remained, only transformed
into a kind of triplet, the central compart-
ment rising above the other two and made
circular headed. On the north and south
of this e:lst wi'[ldow were two tiers of
lights as on the western side. In the bell
turret was a bell of sufficient weight sensi-
bly to jar the whole budding at everyone
of its st'mi-revolutions. In the interior:a
central aisle or open passage led from the
door to the southern end of the church,
where on the fioor was situated a pew of
state for the Lieutenant-Governor: small,
square pllhrl", at its four corners sustained
a fiat canopy over it, immediately under
the ceiling of the gall< ry, and below this
distinction tester or coverjll
, suspended
a
in.;;t the walJ, were 1he ro}al arms em.
blazoned on a b
ack tablet or board or
eanvas. Half way up the c
ntral aisle, on
the right side, was an open s!Jace, in which
were planted the puipit, reading desk I\.nd
clel k's pew in t he old orthodox fashion
rising by gradathns one above the other,
the whole ovel shadowed by a rather hand-
lIome sounding board Ellstained partially
b1 a rod from the roof. Behind this

mt.untainous structure wa.s the a,'ia.r 1iWtted
copiously by the ol'ïgina.l east window.
Two narrow side-aisles runninJ:t parallel with
the central Oft
ga.ve access to correspond-
ing rows 0" pew", each having a. numeral
painted on its door. -fwo pOls8ages for the
same purpo;;e ran westward from the spaoe
in front of the pulpit. To the riF;ht ahd
left of the Lieu'enant-Governor's see.t. and.
filling up-with the exception of two squal"f'
,r-J' '\.

THE SECOND CATHEDRAL.

corner pews-the rest of the northern end
of the church were two oblong pews; the
C1ne on the west apprùpriated to the officers
of the garrison, the other on the east to the
members of ,he legislature. Round the
north, west and south !;ides of the inÞrior
ran a gallery divided hke the area beloW'
into pew". This structure was sustained
by a row of pillars of turned wood, and
from it to th,::: roof above rose another row
of similar supports, The ceiling over the
parts exterior to the p'al1erv was dividfd
into four shallow semi-circular vaults,
which met at a central point. The pews
{.very",hele were painted vf a buff or yel-
lowish hue, with the exception of the
ruins 8010 the top, which were black. The
pulpit and its appurtenance. were white.
The ruins just teferred to at the top of
the pews throughout th
whole church ex-
hibited at regular intervals small gimlet
holes; in th
se wtre inserted annually at
Christmas-tide 8m ,ll spri2s of hemlock-
spruce. Th' interior, when thus dressed,
wore a chpe, ful, refre&hing look in keep-
ing with thE> festival commemorated.
How the money was obtained for 1 he en-
largement of Ih3 chun'h is told by the
Ohristian ReCO'T'ÔÆr fOt" 1819. It says that
U a very respectable church was built at
York, in th
Home Di:strict, many years
ago, which at Ihat time accommodatell the
inhabit.,nts. but for some y. aI's past it had
been found too small, and st:veral at;temptø
Wl re ma.de to enlarge and repair it. At
length in April, 1818, In
meeting of tb.

60.

LANDMARKS o.F To.Ro.NTo..

whole congregation, it was resolved to
enlarge the church, and a committee was
appointed to suggest the most expeditious
and economical method oÍ doinf:{ it. The
committee reported that a sub
cription in
the way of loan, to be re.pa.id when the
.eats were sold, was the most promisine-
method-no subscription to be taken under
tWt:nty-five pounds, payable in four instal.
ment
. Two gentlemen were selected to
carry the subscription paper round, and in
three honrs from twelve to thirtelD hundred
pounds were subscribed. Almost all the
respectable gentlemen gave in loan fifty
pounds, ønd the Hon. Justice Bonlton a.nd
Georga Crookshank, Esq., contributed one
hundred puunds each t? accomplish so good
an object. The church was enlarged, a
øtepple erected, and the whole building
with ita gal1erïe'J handsomely finishp.d. In
January last. when everythin
was com-
pleted, the pews were :!Old at a year's
credit, and brought more monpy than the
repairs and eniarj;{-'ment cost. There-
fore the inhabitants at York erect a. very
bandsome church, at a very little expense
to themselve"" for everyone may ha.ve
his subscripticn money returned, or it may
g,o towards payment of a pew, and, what
is more, the persons who subscribed for the
first church count the amount of their sub-
scription as part of the price of their new
pews. 'Ihis fair arrangement has been
eminently successful and gave great satis-
faction. Geor
e Crookshank, Esq., not-
withstaufling the j;{reatness of hi.3 subscrip-
tion and the pains which he took in eetting
the church well finished, has presented the
clergyman with cushions for the pulpit
and reading deBk covered with the tichest
and finest dama.sk, and lik.3wise cloth for
the communion table. This pious liberality
cannot be too much commended; it tells us
that the benevolent zeal of ancient times
is not entirely done away. The congrega-
tion were 80 much pleased that ø. vote of
,hanks was unanimously offered to Mr.
Crookshank for his munificent present."
'.rhe pu.lpit, sounding board and desk
ha.d been a gift of Governor Gore to the
original church, and had cost the sum of
one hundred dollars. The Hon. John
Henry Dunn provided the communion plat"',
and in the Loyalist of March 1, 1828, is
found
he following acknowledgment:
" The undersigned acknowled
es the receipt
of :E1I2 I8
. 5d. from the Hon. John Hl.:nry
Dunn, being the pl"ice of a superb set of
communion plate presented by him to St.
James' church at this p'a.ce. J. ß. Macau-
lay, church.warden. York, 23rd February,
1828. "
A history of the primitive S1. James'

would be incomp'ete without mention of
the clerks and the music. One of the early
clerks was Mr. Hetherington. His habit
,,:as after gÏ\'in" out " ps
lm to play the
aIr on a bassoon and then to aCCOmpi\ny
with fantasi<1s on the same instrument such
vocalists as felt inclined to take part in
the singing, A choir tram time to tÏme
had been formed. o.nce two riyal choirs
were heard on trial in the church, one of
them F1trong in ins: rumen tal resour('e
,
having the aid of a brass viol, clarionet and
bassoon, the other more dEpendent on its
voca.l excellences. The instrumental choir
triumphantly prevailed, and in 1819 an
albwance or ;1;:20 was made to Mr. Hether-
ington for giving instruction in church
music. o.ne of the principal encouragers
of the vocalist party was D.,. Burnside.
But 8011 expedients for doing what was in
re&.lity the work oÏ the congregation itself
were unreliablE', and the clerk or choir.
master often found himself a solitaty per.
form
r. Mr. Hetherineton's successor \Vas
Mr. John Fenton, a rather small, shrewd-
featured persol1, not dtficienli in splf.
esteem. Not inÏrfquently Mr. Fenton,
after tziving out the portion at Brady and
:rate, which it pleased him to select, would
execute the whole of it as a solo to some
II.ccustomed air, with gl'aceful variations of
his own, Ail this would be done with
great coolnesg and appi\rent self-satisfaction.
While the di;;course was
oing on in the
pulpit above him it wag hIs way often tl)
lea.il himself resignedly back in a corner
ot his pew and throw a white cambric
handkerchief over his bead and face.
Mr. Fenton's employment as offIcial mouth-
piece of th
Enll;lish chm ch did not stand in
the way of his making himself useful aB
ø. class-leader among the Wesleyan Metho-
dists. :Mr. Fenton afterwards removed to
the Unittd Sta.te!', where he obtained Holy
o.r.lers in the Episcopal church. .
\Vithin this first chun:h of St, James
used to assemble representatives of eyery
class ïn York. In the Governor's Dew, at
the south enfl of the church, waà to be
seen du-ring his st'.l.Y here Sir Peregrine
Maitland, ever An object of CUriOSIty fr
m
the romance connected with his ma.rriage.
Sir Peregrine and L;tdy Sarah Lennox weN
both at that famous ball
iven 30t Brussels
by the Duchess of Richmond, on the Iì ight
bef,)re the battle of ,""aterloo. Lady SaraJ}
was the dau
hter of the Duke of Rich-
mond, who opposed her marrla.ge to Sir
Peregrine. Soon after the \Vaterloo cam-
pai
n, aU the parties being at Paris, the
lady ran away from her father's homl'
a.nd fiel to the 10dlZÍn
s of her lover.
The upshot of the whole affa.ir was a mar.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

riage and a reconciliation. The Duke of
Richmond earn' to Canada &8 Governor-
General, and Sir Peregrine as Lieutenant-
Governor. In the staff of the latter was
his son, Peregrine, by a former marriage.
'.rhe Duke of Richmond met a. horrible
åeath. At Sorel, whilp. on a tonr of in-
spectiolJ, he was bitten by a. pet fox, and
at a place sub8fquently called Richmond,
near Ot
wa, hydrophobia set in with
fatal results. Here, too, was to be seen
Sir John Colborne-hie right shou13er sh1.t-
tered by a cannon ball at Ciudad Rodri
o.
In the ga.11el'V, 11.* the aouthern end of ,he
church, a'80, was the long, narrow, en-
closed pew, with its high screen at the
back, occupied by Chid Justice Powell.
To his place, in the body of the church,
was regularly assisted the white-haired,
venerable Chief Ju,>tice Scott The Lonu:
pew, on the west side of the Governor'::!
seat, was allotted to the military, and here
were to be seeo, from time to time, the
officers more or iesl!I noted who made York
their temporary abiding-p'ace. The com-
partment, on the east side of the Governor's
pew, was set apart for the members of the
leglsla.ture when in l!Iession. Here, in win-
ter, were to be "bsened all the political
notabilities of the day, for non,conformists
as wdl as conformists attended wor:ship at
St. Ja.mes'. Here sat Colonel Nichol, after-
wards killed by driving over the precipice
at Queenston. Mr. Hornf>r, Dr. Leffertv,
H'1mnet Pinhey, Mahlon Burwell, Ab
o
m
Shade, Speaker Sherwood and Wílham
Ly(,n Mackenzie. Mr. Chisholm, of Oak-
ville, used faceuous!y to object; to the
clause in the Litany where "herf sv and
schism" al'e deprecated. it 50 happeniní!
that the last word was usua.lly by a
scotticism pronounced Chisholm. Here and
there was one who had bcen .. out" for
satisfaction. In the eastern portion of the
north ga.llery sat. the youn
ladies of the
.chool of Misses Purcell and Rcse, objects
ot admh.ation to the youths of the congre-
g,dion. Throughout the church were to
b
observed the forms of the founders of
York in their ([0 us) quaint dress-pa.rtially
cnt-a.way black coats and lip
'jght collars,
small clothes and buckled .hoes, frilled
shirt bosom!! and white cravats, with pow-
del'ed ha.ir and smoothly-shaven faces. Such
was the pïctur
which wa.s presented at St.
James' eYery Sunday.
Besides thp. appointed clergyman there
were to be heard in the pn1pit and reading
desk, from time to time, the Rev. Joseph
Hudson, the military chapla.in at this pO!:it ;
Mr. Addison, of St. Mark's church,
Niagara, chaplain of parliament, who uSt:d
to walk to and from church in his canolli-

505

cals, in the old,fashioned way, recalling
the period when the clergy wore the cas-
sock a.nd gown in the streets. Mr. Addi-
son presented his library to the rectory
at Niagara, where it still remains, of in-
t
rest chiefly as showing the line of
reading of a theologia.n of the last century.
A chaplain to the Leg-islative Assembly
was the ReT. William Macaulay, a prea.cher
always listened to with a.ttentÌon. Another
chaplain was Dr. ThoD"808 Phillip3, a w
ll-
rea.d diTine, of a personal appeara.nce very
clerical, in the old-fashioned sense. He
waS one of the last wearers of hair powder
in this vicinity. In reading the creel! he
alwa.ys endea.voured to conform to the old
En"hsh custom of turning to the east, bnt
to do this in the desk of the old ch uroh
was difficult.
In 1830 the growth of the town and con-
gregation n cessitated the erection of" more
commodiGus church edifice. As. part of
the scheme for raisin
fund. for the new
building. it was decided by the congrega-
tion : .. That th
pew-holders of the present
church, if they demanded the same, be
cre ited one-third of the price of the pews
that they purchased in the new church, not
exceeding in number those which they
possessed in the olà church; that no person
be entitled to the privilege granted by the
last resolution who shall not have pa.id up
the whole pnrchase money of his pew in tÌle
old chnrch ; tha.t the present church rema.in
as it is till tht> new one is finished; tha t
after the new church is completed the mate-
rials of the present one be sold to the
hip;hest bidder, a.nd the proceeds of the
same be applied to the liquidation of any
àebt that may be contracted in erecting the
new chllrch, or furnishing the same, and
that the upspt price of pews in the new
church be twenty-five ponnds currency."
The result of this wa,s that a new church
was built of stone. Its inside dimensions
were one hundred bV seventy-five f.eP.t.
The church comulf'ted, all but the tower,
was destroyed by fire in 1839. The Palla..
dium of .January 4th, of that year, gives
the following account of the ñre, and thus
expresl!es itself a.s to the erectIOn of a new;
chnrch, 01" several new churches iustead,
for it favours the latter plan :-
" Our city has been dQprived of its chief
orna.ment, as a. Jiublic building, by the
destrnction of St. Jl!.m
s' church, on the
morning of Sunday last, by fire, which wa

first seen at about ha.lf-past eight o'clock
in the morning, burstinir irom the roof in
such a manner as to show tha.t it ha.d been
communicated by the stove-pipe. In what-
ever point of view it is re
arded this il a.
great calamity, and Í8 deeply lamented aI

506

T..ANDM.ARKS OF TORONTO.

such by every considerate a.nd wdl-regu-
la.ted mind in the cc,mmunity. It i., not the
pecunia.ry loss alon
, which is not less than
æ12,5oo, but the almost irremedia.ble incon-
venience it must occa,ion for a. great len2'th
of time. Ha.d the long-intel.ded new
church been erected, at the west end of
the city, concerning which so much has
been said and written, and which ongbt
to hav
been commenced long ago, this
iDconvemence would not have beeu felt,
as it now mnst be. As this calamitv has
occurred it may be well now to comi !er
whether it would not be of more benefit
to the public generally to E'rect several
small churche
, even though they should
be of w"od, say one in each ward, than
to layout a large sum of mom'y upon one
only. A wooden, or even a brick building,
of much elegance and of sufficient extent,
by proper ml\najl;ement could be erected for
E25oo, so that fOI' the æ12,5oo, which it Ì1
said was th
entire cost of St. J,lmes' church
now in ruins with itscontf:nts. five churcht"s
of modera.te size, one in each ward, could be
built. Every exertion was m:\de to save
the splendid organ, which may be laid to
ha.ve been presented to the church by the
Ron. J. H. Duno, as he subscribed æ800
towards it. But ill vain. It is destroyed,
a.nd the 10s8 of so fine and costly, an in.
strument may well be deplored. Ma.l1Y,
very m
ny, a.mongst the assembled multi-
tude that c:..me to witness this most calami-
tC,U& event, however unaccU'ltomed to th

meltin(/: mood, could not restra.in their
tears, å.nd the l1!mentations have been
very jl;eneral. Should it be determined
upon to make use of the present walls in
re-building the church of St. James, we
would strongly recommend their being
raised several feet of adàitional heigbt,
since the former building was by no means
of just or elega.nt propurtions, being much
too iow in proportion to its length.
On this occasion it is said Dr. Strachan
was seen standing by watching the dt-stmc-
tion of his beloved temple, and whistling
the while as a means of relieving his sorrow.
Another loss. not mentioned by the
Palladium, was the destruction of a very
large triplet window of stained glass over
the altar of the church, containing three
life-siz
figures by Mr. Craig, a local,
historical and ornamental painter, not well
skilled in t
e ecclesil slical style. As home
produclions these objects were tenderly
eyed. but Anna Jameson, accustomed

the cathedrals of Europe, in her work
on Ca.n;,da, dtnounced them as btinv "in
a "ile, tawdrv taste."
Dr. Strach
n, and the peoplt: of the con-
&,re
ation. put their shoulders to the wheel,

and the same year b
gaD the construction
of a new church (difice. This also was of
stone, but with a woodp,n epire. The com-
bu,tible material of the spire proved fn.tal
to the church. for ten Vt'ars lat
r, duriDi
the grea.t conflagra.tion of 1849, it was
ignited by the showers of cinders from the
burning hûusPs, and the entire buildin
fell
a prey to the flames. The fire broke ou t on
the morning oi Saturday, April 7th, 1849,
and the Globe of that date give. the follow-
ing account of it :-
.. About half-pa.st one this mornin2 a fire
was discovered in some (Jut-houses in the
rear of Graham's tavern, Kil1g street, and
Post's tavern. NeTson street. The fire
speedily extended to the main pa.rt of
Ne:son street on the east. consuming Post'.
tavern, the Patriot (ffice, and turning into
Kin{!: s: reet. to the east, where it burnt
all to Mr. Sproule's building. where it
stopped. The fire extended to the south
of Duke street, consuming nearly all the
back buildings and the office of the Savin{!:!'1
Bank. It then crossed to the Wl:!st side of
Nelson street, to Rolf's tavern. destnying
the whole block, including the Mirror
dfice, to Mr. Nasmiih's bakery. Proceed-
ing from Rolf's tavelD. the flames laid hold
of the corner building, occupied by Mr.
0' Donohue, which was speedily consumed,
and then thev ran along the whole bIock
to Mr. O'Neill's. comuming the vaJuabIe
stores of Messrs. Hayes, Harris, Chent-y,
O'Neill and others. About 3 o'clock the
spire of St. James' cathedral took fire.
and the bui1ding was entirely destroyed.
About the s,:me tIme the flJmes bl"C,ke out
in 'Lhe old City HaU, consuming the greater
part of the front buildings. including Mr.
McFadane's small store. The fil"e ex-
tended from the cathedlal across to the
south side of King street. where a hre
lately occurred. Th
shops of Mr. Rogers
and others were with dlfficultv saved. All
that block, extending to Mr, Wa.lter Mc-
Farlanp's Rtore, was in gre,\t danger; some
of them ha.d most of their p;oods rfmoved,
and great injury to property was sustained.
About 5 o'clock the flames were in a great
measure subdued. The exertions of the
firemf n were for a long time. as usual, re-
tarded by the want of water. The soldiers
of the Rifle Bri!.!ade from the garrison ,,"ere
extremely acÛve, and deserve the hit;thest
grl\titude of tlte citizens. The loss is esti.
mated at ælOO,OOO, but this must be within
the mark. The insurance offices are heavy
sufi'f'rers. ..
The next week's paper p;ave the losses and
insura.nce 80S follows :-Church of Eng"and
Cath(dral insured for æ8,OOO ; cost of build-
ing from!:l1,OOO toæ13,OOO; O'NtilBrothen',

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

W1

-- --
--

THE THIRD CATHEDRAL.

building insured for :EI,500 ; stock, :E4.900; Thoma.s Hayes, hardwnrp, stock mostly
Campbell and Huntpr, saddlers, goodg re- destroyed; Insura.nce :E800 ; M. P. Hayes,
movprl ; no insurance; T. D, Harris, hard,
roceries,goods mostly de!ltroyed ; insurance
wa.re, tctal'oss; the buildinlZ believed to :El,800; Thoma.s Thompson, Mammoth
ha.ve bf'pn fire-proof; imura.uce on build- Hom.e, large stock of dry
ood!> destroyed J
ing ;EI,500 ; ditto on stock, ;E7,OOO ; Cheney imurance on building :EI,OOO; on stock
& Co., ha.rd" are, imurance, :E2,150; stock
l,OOO; heavy loss; \Valkt'r & Hutchil,son,
and YIi>'uable urniturè entirely destroyed; good
, savt'd; T, Glasco, insured Æ450 J

5U8

LA.N UMAHKS OF TORONTO.

108s covered ; Sa.bine anù Higgins. insured

O ; will cover loss ; M. O'Donohue, in-
sured :El.700; Patriot office. Messrs. Row-
sell << Thompsrm. insured :El,loo j William
HaH. dry goods. burnt out a few months
ago. insured :E750; stock partly saven;
Foy & Austin, insured on stock :El,500;
Ca.ry & Brown, insured ;1;:650; will cov('r
lOSS; Mead & Go.. insured ;1;:900 ; R. C.
Gwatkin. agent, and Covey's hotel. no in-
suranc:: ; Mr. Brookes. solicitor. books and
papers E30ved. ;1;:1,500 j insured on the house
belongin
to Mr. Bl'ookes. sen.; .POSt'S
hotd in Nelson street, insurance :E625 j
Duke street Savings Bank. books and
papers saved. On the north-west side of

t'l
()n street, Charles Robertson. insurance.
;1;:525 ; loss beyond it. ;1;:200 ; Charles Dlm-
levy, Mirror office. a.U lost; Insurancp.
;1;:250; Samuel Platt. tavern keeper, in-
surance on house a.nd stock. :El.125; loss
;1;:300 above. Mr. Crapp
r's foundry, all
lost but tools; building insured for ;1;:400;
H. ì\1acniven. dry goods; stock insured
for ;E100 ; furnìture a.nd stock entirely con-
sumed; Willia.m Henderson, dwelling
, house; insurance. ;1;:100; John Na,,;mirh.
baker. furniture sa.ved; insurance, ;1;:400.
The external effect of the building when
comp1ert:d by raising the walls a f
w feet
would be very greatly improved. It seems
that an Insurance to the amount of
;1;:5,000 had been effected in England upon
t.be chur"h.
Francis Itreet, ea.t lide. containing several
otlices. shops and sman nous
s. InClnãmg
MeSHS. McLean & J one,>' chambers; R.
N orthcote's shop, Swain & Co.'s mediciae
shop. and Piatt's stables. On the north !'ide
were Mr. N orthcote's d wellin't house. Bell
& Lemon's ta.vern, and several empty
houses. The loss on the Citv E:bll is esti-
mated at :E3,OOO; insurañce 011 Walter
McFarlane's stock in the City Hall, :EI,OOO ;
building and stock seriously injured. but
the
l. 750 of insurance will more than
cover the loss. Among other objects which
fell a prey to the flames in this conflagration
WAS the clock in the belfry of St. James.
pla.ced therd by the Hon. Willia.m Henry
Draper. on his retirement from public life
several years before. II
During the tire Richard \Vatson, late
pub'isher of the Canadian, and of the
Upper Canada Gazette, lost his life in the
performance of a. fdentIly act to the pro-
prietors of the Patriot offi.
e. Anxious
to save some of the types. which no one
but a. pra.ctical printer can properly h!l.ndle.
he rmhed up stairs to the hÍl:rhest storey
of the office. and remaining too long, the fllor
I{ave way with him One yoang man, who
was acti.-ely en
aged in the sa.me occupa-

tion, called to Mr. \Vats"n that It Wal
time to !Zo. but he replieG that it wa.s time
enou2h yet. This is the last which was
hel\rd of him in life. Engines were pla.yed
on the burning ruins (If the Patrwt office.
and at length, in the afternoon, were fouud
the remaius of this uufortunate gentleman,
but so mutilated R'I not to be recognized.

:ne death of
lr. Watson is a subject of
universal regret. and it has this distressin(C
aggra.vatiol1 that it lea-yes a widow and
family erttirely unprovided for. 'J'he journa.l
with which he was connected was not a.
prospE'roUS one, and the Upper Can..da
Gazette W!l.S about to be abolilShed when
Mr. \Vatson wa.<> appointed printer of the
Gazette; at the request of Mr. Stanton, in
the year 1844. it was l'xpressly stipulated
that no compensation should be given
him. if the {!overnment found it necessary
to dis
olltinue the Gazette or withdraw the
emoiuments. For twenty years Mr. Watson
had the management, as l-'rinc:p'
t.l and con-
fidential foreman in the government (Jffi.;e
of the Gazette. and for five years on his own
a.ccount.
For many yea.rs previous to 1845 a row
of Lomba.rdy poplars stood along KiJtJ;/;
street, in front of the church edifice. Mr.
Georg.' Duggan was the donor and planter
or th:"sp. and as thpy flourished with a
good, stm.lly !!Towth, he took gret\t interest
in them. In 1845 it wa.s decilled bV the
vestry that the pop'an must go. The
question aroused a h ",ted dh
cussion, which
was carr ied on verba.lly a.nd through the
columns of the presE'. Mr. Dugga.n warmly
rpsented the removal ot the tl'ees, and it
was at the risk of grievous bodily ha.rm
tha.t the church-warden of the day, .Mr.
T. D. Harris. carried into effect the resolu-
tion of the vestry, 'Ve ,;mbjoin a. letter
published in the Patriot after the decision
to remov
the trees was arrived a.t :-
, A udi alleram partem."
To the Editor of the Patriot:
DEAR
IR.-Your paper (dong with
others) nas b eu very 8evere in its animad-
versions against the pa.rties who were in-
strumental in having the poplar trees in
front of the cathedral cut down. My ob-
ject in troubling you is to show that the
church-wa.rdens, to whom the crime is gen-
eral.v attributed, are not to blame in the
transa.ction, and also that the aot itself Wlloll
necessary and justifiable.
In the fir!;!t p a.ce the cutting down w,\s
not merely 1\ suggestion of the cathedra.l
officia.'s. It was DroposC'd at a meeting of
tht: vestry on Ea.;ter Monday. and carried
without opposition; it is therefore unfair
that the onus of the transactions of a. body
should rest on individuals, whose Ci:ffice it

LAND
IARKS OF
_ TORONTO.

509

f

,.

1!.. ....

'I'HE FOURTH C
ATIlEDRAL

510

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

is merely to act acoordin
to the vote of
that body. In the next plao
the poplar
ÏI a species of tree, or rather overgrown
weed, very dangerous in 1òhe vicinity of
any thorou,;hfare, from its unsoundness;
and branche8 from the trees in question
were frequently fallin
to tbe grea:; risk of
passers-by. Many will recollect the narrow
esoa.p
the family of alady on Wellington
street had last wiuter from one of those
trees, which, thou
h healthy in appear-
ance, broke near the root and fell, striking
off the e&.ye trou'{h in its progreSl!. Most
pro
'Ídentially it did not fall directly on the
house, or t here would have beeD woeful
cause t:> r
ret the planting of se. frail an
ornament.
In conolu:;ion, the poplar trees in ques-
tion, exclusive of their Termin-harbouring
propen:;ities, and bli,,=hting injury d3ne to
the rising
ener..tion of better shrubs,
which they oTershadowed, were not at a
l
in keeping with the sacred edifice they
.tood before. The Catholic faith should
have everything in connection with it
8t"emly and in order. Om" pious forefathers
knew this, and there
ore planted their
churchyard8, with yews and oaks, emble-
matic, as far as trees oould go, of thll.t
holy religion whi
h the A'mighty will be
with until the end of time. Now the pop'
lar has 8ossociat:ons of a far di1f:òrent nature.
It wa.s the French tree of liberty, and 0.
IDnr
appropriate symbol of 90 democracy
oould not be found. Oh I rapid 'tro"th and
as rapid decay, externally fiouriwilJg but
rotten at heart. Truly the øa:u culottes
evinced as much dilcrimination iu th2 Ie.
lection of emblems as our neighbourl across
the lake did in choosing their eagle as 0.
crest, a bird noted for its rapacity and
plundering instinct. Fmally, in the hope
that the other p:l.pers which have criticis d
" the barbarou8 conduct of the wardens"
may take the troub' e of inserting these few
remark!, and likewise change their cen-
sures into praise,
I remain. dear Sir,
Truly yours,
A SPECTATOR.
Toronto, May 1, 1845.
Afrer the great fir,' of 1847 the work of
building was again commeuced, and the re-
8U't of i:; is the St. James oathedral of to-
day. The building w....., co
p!eted for
worship in 1M3, from the desIgns flf Mr.
F. W. Cumberland, a leadin
Toronto
architect, but many deta.i1s in :Mr. Cumber-
land's pIau remained unrealiz
d for a lool!
time. The tower and spire were absent,
ail also thp. fine porche8 on the ealt, west
and south sides, the turrets at the an
les.
d the pinnacles and tilial. of the but.

tresses. In 1872 0. funti for th
compb-
tion of the edifice, in accordance with Mr.
Cumberland's plans, was initiated, and
in 1873 tbe building was brought to its
present state of perfection. In 1866 the
sum of $14.945 was expended in the pur-
chase of a peal of bells aad 0. dock and
for their reception in the tower. In 1870,
to do honour to the memory of the then
recently deceased Bishop-Strachan-the
chancel was beautified at a cost of 87,500,
by surrounding the spacious apse with an
arcade of finely-carved oak, adding seats
for the cax:.ons, 0. deconal stall, a bhhop's
throne, a pulpit and desk all in the same
sty:e and mr..terial, elaborately carved with
a life.like bU'It in white marble of the
departed prelate, by Fraser, .of Montr
al,
in a niche constructed for Its receptIOn
in the western wall of the chancel. Besides
Bishop Strachan ar
also entombed in the
chancÛ D
an H. J. Gra.sett and his wife.
St. Jam
8' ohurch is of wl!ite brick with
stone mauldings !IUd facings. Th
archi-
tecture is early English, modifi
d. The
body of the church consists of 0. nave with
low transepts, and until recently, p;alleries.
The aisles bore lighted by triplet windows,
and the chancel does uot face the east,
but turns to the north, clle least ecc:e-
siMtical of 0.11 points of the compass 80S it
was in mediæyal tImes reputed to be the
residence of Satan h:mself. The chaacel
is apsidal, adorned without by heavy but-
tresses. Between the8e are windowl with
ela.borate tracery. The central window
has a triple h
ht, and i& of rich and
luxuriant design. The floraì open work
roof is an exaggeration -of the simple
s 'yle of first pointed Gothic. i'he King
street entrance has a profusion of ornamen-
tatLn. Th
body of the church contains
one thousand two hundred and tWt"uty
sittings, a.nd there were five hund
ed addi-
tional sittin
s in the galleries be'ore they
were I:eI!1o!
d dur},!I,K the past year. The
Ipire of St, James'is a credit to the c:ty, and

it is no less pleasinQ' to English churchmen to
think that from the rude buildinl( of 1803
baa rÌ8sn the lovely churoh of I8S9.

CHAPTER CLXXI,
KNOX CHURCH 6UILDINGS.

Tbe FlrA' Prf'Abyterian Donse .f .....ol'lllhip
In Toronto Erected I.u IS:U &ad B.I'lle4
I.u 1&11.
The first Presbyteria!1 church in Toronto
was built in the year 1821, on the site of
t
Ie present Knox church. The hnd wa.s
2iveo for the purpose by Je88e Ketchum,
who also assisted la.rire}y in th
building

LA
D
fAR.K<;; OF TORONTO.

511

of the edificð. The church was of briCk' j held umil his death in 1869, In 1847
facing on R'chmond street, fifty feet b.lck Knox church wal destroyed by fire, and
from it. S
veral steps led up to the the sam. ye1r the congregation erected tb,e
door, which wa. at the Ca81i end of I pregent handsome builrling, the material
the buil
ing, and flanked on each of which is white brick, within a few
side by a lar
e window. There was no years painted brown. Unlike the Irlt
steep'c. The seatin
capacity was about church the entrance to the present one ie
four hundred. At the Queen street end I on Q;teen street, beneath a han:lsomely-
was the pulpit, 0. tall and imposing .truc- decorated spire. In 1858 thE' Rev. Alex-
ture, which nE'a.rly ooncealed its occupant ander Topp was caPed to the pastorate of
from the congregation. The first minister I the church. The pïesent pa
tor h the Rev.
of the church was th, Rev. J. Harris, the J. M. Pars')m, The congre'{ation is one
son-in-law o
Jesse Ketchum. H.. offioiated of the lar'{
st in the city. Attached to
here until the disruption of the Scotch the church on the Richmond "treet front II
Kirk in IS4a. He waa then retired on a I a handsame Sunday schoo] houea, used &110
pension, and' went to live on a farm owned for lectures, socials and O
lU 'ch meetings.
by Jesse Ketchum. opposite the Driving --

-
qt.--..-
__
-,

=r
_ .
--

KNOX CHURCH-THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN TORONTO.

Park at B:ue Hill, a littie Bouth of the I CHAPTER CLXXII. -------
rayine. This farm had been originally I
owned by Mr. Wilson, an anO(!Btor of THE FIRST MUNICIPAL ELECTION.
Arthur Wilson, R
eve of York. After the I -
retirem:mt of Mr. Harris a call was sent The ReforlDen' Ballot of IBM for 8&. Davld'i
to the Rev. Dr. Bu:'ns, of Paisley, SOOIi- Ward-)lackeu..le for .&.lderlDaD. _
land, who, for eleven vears, disch:Lrged the I On the 6
h of March, 1834, t
e town 0:
duties of minister of Knox church. When York was lDcorporated as & city, under
D', Burns came ont 80S m nister the original the name of:roront
. On the .15th of Ma
ch
building was t'nlarged by t he addition of 80 1 a proclamation was Issued canlD
al!- electIOn
large frame erection frontin
on Rich- of aldermeu and common counCllmdn for
moua street. Dr. Bums was then ap- I
he 2ith of .that month, The Re:ormerl
pointed professor of church history in
n t e ne,!, city were opposed to the act of
Kn(lx Col1eJZe. & position which he lDCQrpQratlon on the ground of expenae,

51

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

bzcanse the assessment law waø deemed ob. 1 one of the five waràø of the oity. 00 th
s
jeotionable, and Mr. Mackenzie expressed election day the candidates for aldermanic
the 'Jpinion that it wonld n('t work well. I hononrd were Mr. James Le8s1ie and .Mr.

I:he ReformerR resolved, however, to profit William Lyon Mackenzie, the former being
8Y tbe circnmøtance. anò havinlZ carried 0. member of the firm of Le"ø1ie Brol., th

{-,J'[':

;J;:J?

.
--
,,;

,,'

I,i -

":
- =þ
:

THE SECOND KNOX CHURCH.

the elections, they selected Mr. Mackenzie I booksellers and stationers on KiDg street
for Mayor-the first Mayor not only of west, and the latter the well-known printer
Toronto bnt '0 the p:-ovinoe. Th!! event I and politica.l r
former, who did so much
was looked upon as poss:'ssing some politi- to gain for us the blessings of government
cal significa.nce. for Toronto was the sea.t of which we now enjoy. As councilmen there
Government, and the headquarters ot the were two cahdidates, Mr. Colin Drummond,
F .mily ClJmp:J.ct. j the lumber merchant, who tor yea.rs lived
Mr. B tldwin Jackes, the grandson of the on the north-west corner of Richmond and
late FrAnkhn Jackes, has in his P).ss
ssion Victoria street:! and afterwards had (

ST. DAVID'S WARD.
, Vote for
James Lesslie and \V L. Mackenzie,
As Aldermen.
Colin Drummond & Franklin Jackes.
As Common C ouncÛmen.

c::r Hall"
UUI card ., ,.... Hurd..

Macke
zif.. Pr,
AN OLD FLECTION CARD.

.
one of the first election car ds, printed in I lumber yard on Y onge street, opposite
Toronto in the year 1834, when the city Trinity Square, and Mr. Franklin Jackes,
wa.a incorporated, and when Wílliam Lyon I who ìived lor many years on Y onge street,
.Mackpnzie was elected as Mayor. In near EngìintoD! and who owned many
those days the Common Council was como , parcels of land on King street, Toronto,
posed of two a1dermen from each ward and which of late years have become very
two o01incilmen, St. D
vid's ward being va.luable. The lo.te Mr.. Jackes. his

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

611

widow, stated a short time before her eaatern termination at Parliament street.
:1eath that she remembered well, on one About the time of the Macken.ie rebellion
:>coasion, her husband com inK out to Eglin- it was erected by Jacob Latham, a pro-
ton, and uying to her, in connection with minent builder of that day, for his own
the sale of land in Toronto: IC Mother, they residence. Mr. Latham lived here until
&re Koing land-mad in town. They're sell- his death. This was then, and for ma.ny
ing the corner of KiD
and Y on
e streets years afterwards remained, one ()f the most
for $4 a foot." This was in reference to fashionable quarters of the town. Many
Dineen's corner. By auction to-day the have been the celebrated men and beautiful
land would probo.b:y bring from $2,500 to women who have ascend, <Ì the semi-circula.r
$3,000 per ioot. a slight increase on the Bight of steps leading to the entrance of
$4 00 a foot of 1834. ht the corner of the the old mansion a.nd ha.ve pMsed throu
h
card, in very small type, is the line "Hand its massive 'Portal. After the death of Mr.
in this card at tha hnsti:Jgs." In those Latham the hous,,:: was taken by Mr. Mac-
d
ys there wa.ø but one polling place in pherson, afterwards Sir David L., who
each wl\rd and open v01òinK. The muni- occupied it for
ome yearl. Ll\ter, the
cipa.l elections lasted for a couple of days, late Dr. John Small lived U1.re. Then it
the parl'amentary elections for about a was taken by Ma.tthf"w Crooks Cameron,
week. The card has the imprint of Mr. I who <Ìied in it Chief Justice of the Court
Mackenzie as printer. of Common Pleas. 1'hen it was occupied
by various tenant;:, bu
is 1l0W vaca.nt a.nd

)

l. ,
""'-----

---

..::..-:
- -----....., _-....
-

.-
-:"'
--

-
.......-
-

RESIDE
CE OF THE LATE M. C. CAMERON -DUKE STREET,

CHAPTER CLXXIII.
TWO DUKE STREET MANSIONS.

I o!fered for sa.
e by tl e h.,irs of the late
Jud
e Cameron. who o1ln it. At the t'I-
treme of the picture is represented a two-
storey brick honse, standing at the north-
e 1.st corner ot Duke and Parliament streetø.
TbÍ;
is another of the very old brick houses
0: Toronto. Sixty-one years a
o it pre.
sented tokens of age. It was built by Oba.-
d;ah SJ:(ifford, but the exact date ." it.

Tbe House Built 1)y Jacob I.atbam and
Occupied by Seyeral Promluent Men.
The brick mansion shown in the accom-
panying illustration is one of the bea' built
houses in Toronto. It stanàs on the north
aide of Duke .treet, two doors from its'
33

514

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

erection il not known. It was purchased I Duggan. Who does not remember this ga.1.
from Mr.
pofford by the la.te Mr. John lant Bon of
&rs, with hil nner failing fund
Radenhurss, who was at one tIme 0. Colonel I of humor, hIS wealth of anecdote and his
of Militi... },fro Radenhurat lived and died boundless good humor! What does i'mat.
there. Ann his death his widow and ter if once in a way he did draw upon his
family continued to re.ide in the old house "memory for jokes and his imagination for
until recently, when it feU to the level of a , facts," Like the magistrate in the comic
boarding.houle. Between this and the I opera wbo 'made the punish menS fit the
manaioD built by Jacob Latham .tands a crime," he, when relating some bygone oc.
solidly-built brick Itructure, with a porch I currence, "made the narrative luit the cÏr-
<<ec'ed thirty or thirty-five years ago. under cumstances" occasionø.lly, but be was amus-
the supervision of Mr. Alexander Grant, who I ed, his hearers were delighte I and no
lind in the Radenhurat family, of which he one elae '.....8 a. penny the worse,
i. 0. member, for many yeara. This building 'When the Dugganl vacated the property
ÏI an addition to the houlle at the corner Mrs. Hughes took it, a.nd opened 0. dry-
kilt by Mr Spofford. good2 store, which she carried on for levera.1
yea.rs. In those daya it was a .mall. low
building; the ground floor wa.s ensered
from the street by a. descent of a step or two.
Adjoining the corner, &Ild extending along
King street to the eastward, over the ground
now occupied by a block of brick stores, was
a low, wooden structure, its roof overgrown
with moss. Proba.bly this was the lowest
building ueed 0.::1 a residence in To.
ront
for passers by could easily

CHAPTER CLXXIV.
AN OLD CORNER.

The Wutern I..Iml& or &he Old Dome Dla.
,,.Iet. eoraaer King and Geor&e Streets.
.' The cut given here is from a
dra.wing made by Mr. Wm. Reford. about
twenty years ago. The l;,uilding hal b.en

-------

-- - '----'

SOUTH-EAST CORNER OF SINII 44'i'D GEORGE STREETS.

.,..-:

referred to in another la.ndmark, when an
accl1rate dra.wing was made ot it from the
picture taken durin
Colonel Duggan's occu-
pancy. The present dra.wing showl U:e
B<>u\h.ea.st; corner of King a.nd George
Itreet.s, when it WM tenanted by Mr.
David WIlson as 0. hotel. the north-east
eonler opposite, shown in she cut, being
\he honae a.s occupied by Mr. John Smitb,
..ho reaided over the Don. The rea.r Dor-
tion of \his old house wa.s one of the first
housel built in Toronto. The log portion
huaince been clap-boarded. and the front
made more respecta.ble by being roughcast.
Colonel Duggan lived here until about the
time of the rebellion. In the directory of
Toronto for 1833 we find this corner of
George and King IItreets to be occupied by
George Duggan, merchant. and Dr. Thomas

lay their hanQs upon tbe roof.
There was no door leadinK to this extension
from King street. South of the corner, on
George street, was a. cateway lea. ing in
o
sta.bles in the rea.r, and on the lower side
of this were two ira.me houses, and then
came the sta.bles of the Black Horse inn
and
he inn itself. After Mrs. Hughes 0.
man by the name of Kitchen took the pro-
perty. He raised the corner building \0
tbe level of the street. repaired it, a.nd
tore down the low addition to th.. ea.stwa.rd,
and in its place put up two sma.ll frame
houses. Tbe corner he converted into .
lIa.loon. which he kept for some &iime. The
entrance to the 8a.loon we.ø at the corner.
Mr. Kitchen was succeeded in the same
businesl by .Patrick Geay. Then Da.vid
Wilson took th
atand. and conduded it

LANDMARKS OF TORON TO.

:SU5

until his death, after which his widow previous to 1830 built 0. saw-mill on the
m!\tJaged. it for 0. øoort tin1e. After Mrs. west side of the stream. To this he after.
Wi,lon left it, Mr. Croft, the Colbome wards added a fiouring-mill, and these were
It.reet dealer in 8portamen's goods, bought generally known as the King's Mills. The
the property. Mr. \VateJ."hou-e put up aceompanving illustration shows the looa-
tbe brick hotel buildinJ1; at the corner, lity, but at an early date there Wal n(J
whioh is now owned by Robert Da.vie
, the bridge across the river at thiø point.
Þrewer. Mr. Croft tore down the fram' Large vessel. oame up just below the milJ,
houses built by Mr. Kitohen to the eaf't- but they could not ascend above it. The
ward, and erected the present block of Humber here w&s a TushinEr stream, ordi.
briok stores. Dia.gonally across, on the narlly 0. foot or two deep and easily waded,
north-west COfJl8r of King and George but a roarin
torreJ1t in time of freshet&.
.treek, is t.he bríck buildiIlg, now Ihe Mr. Fisher subsequently sold his mills to
Nipis!Îng hotel, and formerly the store of William Gamble, Ihe brother of Mr. Clarke
Oambell & Bi chal!. This was the only G,
mble, who erected an entirely new
building left standin
in the great fire mill of five oc six storie>>, and one of the
whioh destroyed Sr. James' church iind largest in the oountry at this tiIre. Situ-
eonsumed every oth('r bu ldinq on the ated most pioturesquely on a hill to the
block. Gamb' e & Birchall ocoupied this I rigilt was his dwellllic:c. Mr. Gamble's mill
buildill'( in 1833 as "Importers of British wa.s once carried away by a fioud, and
Goods." afterwards it waS burned to the
round.

, '...........v.:-.

THE HUMBER MILLS

_ L '

==

CHAPTER CLXXV. I At a later date Mr. Gamble's mill pro-
A VIEW ON THE HUMBER. perty was bought by two
rot
ers, name.d
_ Atkinson, who Gonyerted It wto a chair
The MIliA on the Bomber Rlvf'r of Thomai l factory.
Flsh,.r all(1 William Gamble. _
On t.he Humber river Thomas Fisher, just

ðie

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

.ill
."

'
· 1
1;U
I
'..... -,
3i i.
ÿ....J

ð
:-=::::::--- -
.
--

F'
' _ :a_-- --=-=-.

-
--...;:-.. ------
1: - ---- --- -

---- -
I l ToNoJJ77J EN, 6 CO -- ;
-- -
. ' ",)

A PIONEER DRY GOODS HOnSE

CHAPTER CLXXVI.
AN EARLY WHOLESALE HCUSE.

in the brIck building that stands th( re to-
day. Th3 warehouse of Ga.mble & Bir-
chall has been for years past known as
the Nipissing hotel. Immediatelv north
of this warehouse stands one of the early
.JlQ
t.:Qjfice.ß. tV hen Mr. lIow
rd was post-
master of Toronto. The firm of Gamble &
Birchall did 0. successful business.

Tbe Dry,(
oods
1'arehontlle .r GaDlble .
ßlrchal I.
One of the pioneer dry-goods houses was
Gamble & Birchall's, corner of King and
Geor
e streets. In the directorv of IS34 il is
numbered 38 King stre
nd -at that time,
one door west, in. a. frame building, with-
the same number given in the dir(ctoIY, CHAPTER CLXXVII.
,v.s the dry-goods hOU3e of Bryce, Bu- STREEï NOMENCLATURE.
chal1an.& Co., afterw
rd;; Isaac Buchanan How, .'rom Wbom, and From Wbat the
& C:>,. lD the C ffin B:ock, on Fro:1t street. ThoroQl[hfarC"" ot tbe ()tty DerlTed ,lie
Mr. Gamble was a brother of Mr. Clal ke Names '1'bey Bear.
Ga.mble gnd Mr". Júhn G.\mble, of Weston, Nothing shows the loyalty ot early York
and Mr. Birchall wa", at II. later dat(', the more olear:y than the names which the
first manager of the British American In- I founder, bf the town bestowed on the first
Eura11ce Co., its office beiDg on the south- streets l....id OU'. The lit de qu
rll.l1gu1a.r
weat corner of Church and Duke streets. ulot. from wh:ch ha
sDrun.::: Toronto. WI\9

LA
DMARKS OF TORONTO.

117

orowded with the nomOI aud titles of the
members of tht 7:'0,.0.1 family. 'Ihus we
have among the first rude roadway"", desig-
nated as streð
, KÚ1a .j;red, Duke street,
DuchPiis str.o
, princèBB stt'eet, Geor
e
street, Fredenc.k 11J'88t, and Caroline street.
A. 'be l1mtte of the town were extended,
the names of tbose ffomiuent in its g:rowth
wore applied to new thoroughfa.res, an 1
these streets to.day are frei
hted with
Iocalulooiation. in luch names as Simcoe,
Peter, John, Jordan and Scott. It is to
be regretted that some of the ways sug-
geath-e of the early history of the town
have been changed, and in fact throuih
'be annals of the place: up to the prelent
time, an uncomfortable dispolition to alter
street names has been apparent. In most
cases the ch8.Dges have not been for the
better, even in the point of vi':3W of
euphony alone. With the gradual absorp-
tion of the suburbs chaDies of name in
many of tho village streets is necessary,
for the sake of preventing dup!ication. but
,bose of the older town might better be
allowed to wear the nam('-s with which they
were original y baptized. With the more
rapid Ilrowth of the city ideas in 8tre
t
nomenclature have grown more and. more
barren. In many cases but little atten-
tion has been paid to this department of
public work, and the result is names out-
worn and void of any a.slociatioDs, local
or otherwise. It has been suvgested that
the choosing of names for ne:w streets should
be put in the hands of tbe York pioneers,
and the ide
is one ","orthy of considf'ration.
Now, frequent
y any pleasant sounding
name that first cornel to mind, and IS not
already in US;?, is adopted. Thil careless
policy leads to redundancy, and is pro-
ductive of confusion, as the same name is
applied to several thoroughfares, thus
being distinguished only by the term ap-
plied to the thoroughfare, such as Avenue
street, Avenue Lane, Avenue P;ace and
Avenue Road. Better than this would it
be to number streets as in New York and
Philadelphia, but as Toronto is not laid
out regularly as the newer portions of those
cities are, it is impracticable. The thorough-
fares of the old world teem with reminis-
cenceø when their names are mentioned,
and there is no rea.Clon why the 'Prominent
men and events of York and early Toronto
ahou1d not be handed down to posterity in
street nomenclature. The following article
giveø as nearly full as it could be obtained
the derivation of the names of all the streets
of Toronto :-
Abbs street iø named after a pl'operty
owner of that name.
Abell street Is called after Jehn Abell, a

manufacturer of agricultural implemen.\S.
Adelaide streel was formerly called He....-
gate atI'8et, from the fact that the JaU W'U to
have been erectEd on it. Us pr.-øent n&qJ8
is in honour oÏ Adelaide, eldest dau,qhtO\' 6f
Ùle Duke of Saxe. Meiningen and QUfl8D of
Will1am the Fourth.
Aduúrai Road-Admira.l Bald wÍD.
A
es stre
t is called after t.he daught.-
of Chief Jwtice Sir James Macaulay, w.bo
ownel\ p
'operty there.
Albany Avenue-The name Albany, !tQW
quite QODlmon, was origi
al.ly derived from
one (If the titles in 1664 of him who aftee-
wllol"ds became King James "be S
cond.
Albert street was formerly known as

8au
ay La.ne. and now betl.l's the nAme of
Prince Albert, oon,sort of the Queen.
Alexander .treet be3.n&
e Cbrlat1&a
name of Alexander W 000,0. former merohant
of the town.
AUCð street is named after a lady in tho
Macaulay famry.
Allen Avenue is named after o:-Aldðrm:tD
Thos. AHen.
Alma A venue celebrates the famous b&tde
in the Crimean war.
Alpha. A venue takes W name from the
first letter ÍD the Greek. alphabet.
Anderson street and Ander.on lane bear
the name of a proper'" owner.
Argyle street is named after the Duke of
ArgylE', Governor-General of Ca
a.
Armstrong Avenue is called after James
Armstrong, owner of property there.
Arthur street is na.med alter PrÏDc
Ar-
thur, third son of Queen Victoria.
Augusta. AVinue is named after 1\ lady in
the Denison family.
Austin Avenue takes the name of Jame.
Austin, President of the Dominion Ba.nk.
ATenue street, ATenue Lane, Avenue
Place, and Avenue Road are, of course, .n
fanciful names.
Badgerow A Tenue is llamed after County
Attorney Badgerow.
&in A venue preserves the name of the
Ba'n family.
Baldwin street commemorates the name
of Dr. William W &l'ren Baldwin, who be-
came possessed by the will of Miss Elinbeth
Russell of 0. large tract of la.nd in that por-
tIOn of the city through which it runs.
Balmuto øtreet took the name of a friend
of ex. Mayor BosweH.
Balsam street bears the name of that
tree.
Bartlett A "enue bears the name of Mr.
Bartlett. and owner of property there.
Ba.rton ATenue is D&Uled after ex.Aldar-
man Edward Barton.
Ba.thurst street bears the _tIe of 1St!'!
Ba
hurst, Secretary for the Oolon"1 in the.

518

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

tima of George the Fourth The northern
part of it was long known as Crookshank's
b.n..
Battye Avenue is named after an owner of
prop:'rty there.
Baxter street i. named after John Baxter,
Alderman, and a resident of Toronto since
1830.
Ba.y street is said to bð a corruption of
Bear street-the latter name applied beca.u!le
of a bea.r hunt which once took plaoJ on that
thorou
hfare.
Beachel1 street is oaned after Mr. ßeachell,
&u Englishma.n, connected with the Grand
['runk Railway.
Beaconsfield Avenue is the titular afpella-
lion of Henj amin Disra.eli.
Bear street may ha.ve been so called, be-
cause bears were onc
common about the
neighbourhood of old York.

ea.ty Ayenue bears the name of James
Beaty.
Bedford Road was so named by some
property owners there, whose natiye place
was Hedford.
}sell.treat is named after John Bell, soli-
citor.
Bellevue A venue and Bellevue Place com-
memorate the name of one of the homestea.ds
of t.he D
nison family.
Bellwood Avenue joins the names of
Alderman Bell and Alderman \V ood.
Belmont street is named after the birth,
p1ace of JohnSheppara, who owned property
where BJlmont street is.
B .rkelev street, which was formerly Par-
liament street, was named from a small
'own in Gloucestershire, England.
Bernard A y"nue is named after Alåerman
Bernard Saunderl!.
B'rryman street is named after Dr. B3r-
ryman
Beverley street and B
verley Terrace re-
call the name of Sir John IBeverley Robin-
Bon, Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario frùm
1880 to 1887.
Bin Scarth Road was named after W. B
Scarth, 0. land commissioner.
Birch Avenue bears th
n:.tme oi a tree.
BIshop street is named after B'snop John
Strachan, of the Anglican church, first
bishop of Toronto.
Bismarck Avenue waa named by Alderman
Steiner, 10 honour of the Iron Chancellor
Bleeker street bears the name of Admiral
Bleeker.
Bevins A venue is named after John
Blevins, City C,erk, and ex-Alderm1.n.
B
on,!: street is named after E. Blong, 0.
property owner there.
BJoor sireet was, tor 0. time, known as St.
P..ul'
Road, th
n as the Sydenh'\m Road.
.wd the Ilame it now bears is that of Mr.

B'oor, who owned a large tract of land along
that thOloughfare.
B'>ulton Avenue is named after James
B:mlton, ba.rrister.
B >lId street is named after Sir Francis
Bond Head.
BJoth Avenue is named after 0. copper-
smith and ex-Alderman by that name.
Borden street was named by the DeniRon
famiiy after one of their mem b rs.
Br)swell A venu
is named after ex-Mayor
A. R. Bo,well.
BJustead Avenue is called after Jam
s B.
B ll1stead.
Bowden street is called after John Bow-
den, a contractor.
Brant street. and J3rant P,ace are named
after Joseph Brant, the great Indian chief.
Breda.lbane street is named after 0. Scotch
family.
Bright street is named after John Brigh1i,
an old resident of the east end.
Brighton Avenue and B['i
hton Place are
transplanted from the English watering
place.
Britain street conveys its own nomencl.-
tUre.
Broad yiew A venue is the hi2h-soundin
.
fanciful avpellation given to whll.t was once
the Ivlill Road-the latter so called beC3.use
it leads to the mills on the Upper Don.
Brock street, Brockton A venue and Bt"Ock-
ton Road have the namfS from General Sir
Isaac B 'ock, slain at Queemton.
Brooklyn A venue takes its a.ppell&tion
from the city of that name.
Brown street and B:own lane preserve
the memory of the Hon. George Brown.
Brunswick Avellue was in the DenisoD
f,l'1ÙI V, and by them named for the Bouae
of BruDswick,
Buchanan street is from Isaac Buchana.n,
a famOU3 Scotchman, who lived there, and a
member of Parliament.
Bulwer street is in honour of the poet,
nuvelist and dra.ma.tist.
Byron A venue is named afte\' L'Jrd George
Gordon Byron.
Caer-Howell street and Ca.er-Bowell
P ace is the Welsh for Caer Howell, th"
title given by Chief Justice William Dum-
mer Püwe 11 to his park lot at York.
Callendar street is called after a family of
that name.
Camden street is after the town of that
name.
Cameron street and Cameron Pìace are
named after John Hilliard Cameron, .
barrister and M. P.. who owned property
there.
Campbell Avenue is named after Sir
William Campbell, Chief Juatioe of Upper
Canada.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Carlaw A'Yenue is named after Mr. Car-
law, payma.ster of the Granà Trunk rail.
way.
Carling street i. named after the Hon.
John C ,rling, Minister of Agriculture,
Carlisle street is named after Alderman
Wm. Carli,le.
Ca.rlton street, Gerrard street, Shuter
street and Gould street, had their names
from Montreal friends of Col. McGilJ, the
first owners of this tract. Carlton Avenue
and Ca.rlton Terrace are deriTed from Carl-
ton street, and Gerrard Place from Gerrarå
8 treet.
Caroline Avenue mav be a resuscitation of
the old Caroli&e street, now Sherbourne
stree'.
Oatherinp street is named after a daughter
of Robert Sta.nton.
Cafrthra Avenue commemorA.tes the
Cawthra family, the Astors of Upper Ca-
nada.
Cecil street is named after Lord Cecil.
Central Place, Central Row, C 'ntre street
a.nd Centre Road are names chosen for ap-
plication to these streets.
Chatham stre
t i$ named after the Earl of
Chatham.
Cherrv street and Cherrv Avenue are
from th
tree. W
Che$tLut street was originally Sayer
street, and there was no call for the change,
as it never had any as
ociation with chest-
nut t.rees.
Christie street-Wm. Christie, biscuit
baker.
ChristoDher street is named after Chris-
topher Rôbinson, the son of Chief Justice
Robin.on.
Church street wa.s so named because it
ran by the western side of St. James'
church plot.
Churchill Av-::nue is after Lord Ra.ndolph
Chnrchill.
Clc\remont street and Claremont Place be-
longed to the Crookshank family, and were
probably intenàed as reminders of Borne
transatiantic spot.
Clarence strep.t and Clarent.'e Square are
after the Duke of Clarence.
Clarke street is in honour of Mayor
Clarke.
C,assic Avenue a.nd Classic Place are
names chosen by Alder!I1an John B xter,
bF'cause of their proximity to the Uniyer-
IiÎty.
Close Avenue and Close street are nam3d
after ex-Aldf'rman P. G, Close.
Cl
de street iø nam d after the riv r
famous for ship-buildin
,
Coatsworth Terrace, Coats worth street
and Coa
worth Lane, are named after City
Commissioner Emerson COA.tsworth.

519

Colborne street was formerly Market
lane, so called bec!luse it ran to the market.
It derh-ed Its present name from Sir J ohD.
Colborne, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper
Canada from 1828 to 1836
College Avenue-There are two thorouih-
fares bi this name-one running north, the
other west, and intersectin{;t ..t the U niyer-
sity, whence their names were projected
at the time of the esta.blishment of that
educational institution.
Collier street is namf'd after Mr. Collier,
a ("nee well-known official in the Ca.nada
Company.
Culumbus Avenue takes the name of the
great discoverer.
Commercial L1.ne is a name supposed to be
applicable to that way.
Concord Avenue is an eclectic name.
Cooper A venue is named after Georce
Cooper, a property owner of Da'Yenport.
CornwA. I street is so named from the
county of Englanà.
Court street is so called, became it runs
bv the rear of the Court House.
W Coxwell Avenue is named aÍter,Mr. Cox-
well, of Osgoode Hall.
Crawford stft et is na.med after Thomas
Crawford, a drover.
Crescent Road is so called from its
sha.pe.
Crocker A venue and Crocker Block are
from Alderman James Crocker.
Crown street is a mark of ioyaIty.
Cumberland Road and Cumberland strp-e.
are named alter the birth-p,ace acroS3 the
se1
of the late James \Va.llace, one of the
first councillors of Y orkvi1le.
Curz m street is called after the London
street of that name.
Cuttle La.ne is called after a man
named Cuttle.
Cyprpss street and Cypress Avenue are
chosen appellations.
Cz
r street is in honour of the autocrat of
All the Russias.
Dale Avenue is a fanciful designation.
Dalhousie street is named after Lord Dal.
housie.
D'Arcy street is named after 1)'Arcy Boul,
ton.
Darling Terrac!' and Dar1iJ'l
Avenue are
named after the Rev. Mr. Darling, of HolJ
Trinity church.
Davenport Road and D\venport PIA.ce are
memorials of Davenport House, the resi-
dence of Colonel Wells, formerly of the 43rd
regimen t.
Davies Avenue and Davies Terrace are
caJled after Thomas Davies, the brewer.
D!an street perpetu8ties the name of a
schooim:l.ster, father-in-law of one of the
Gooderham fa.mily.

520

LAND
fARKS OF TORONTO.

Defoe street preserves the name of Daniel
Defoe, best known as the author of Robinson
Crusoe.
De fries street is named after Samuel
De fries, owner
f property there.
De Grassi street is named after Mr. Alfio
De Grassi.
Delaware Avenue preservea the name of
the West family, Lord De la War. In
the United States the State river, bay and
tribe of Indians received their name from
Thomaas West, Lord D.3 )a \Vare, who died
on his vessel in the bay in 1610.
Delaney Crescent waa formerly Maud
street.
Denison A...enue and Denison Square pre-
serve the name of the Denison family.
Derby street is from the titular n3me of
the ancient En
lish family, Stanley, dating
back to the twelfth century. The first Earl
of Derby was Thomas, created in 1485.
Dewson street is named after Colonel
Dewson, an English officer once stationed
here.
Division street ia an eolectic name.
Doel Avenue perpetuates the name of
John Doel, a once prominent brewer of To-
ronto, and celebrated for the part he took
in the Mackenzie agitation.
Don Mills Road is so called because it
leads to the mills on the Don.
Dorset street is named after the English
count....
Do":ercourt Road rum: through prop8rty
belonging to the Denison estate. and
named by that family in honour of their
English home.
D )wney Lane is named :Iofter ex-Alderman
Down! y.
Draper street is named after Chief Justice
Draper.
Drummond Place h named after General
Drummond.
Duchess street was named in honour of
the Duchess of York, the eldest daughter
of the King of Prus,..ia. The name WI\S
original1y applied to the modern Duke street.
but was transferred to the p
esellt Du.::hess
.treet.
Duflerin street, Dufferin Chambers and
Dufferin Terrace, attest the popularity of
the Rie-ht Hon. Frederick Temp
e Black,
wood, Earl of Dufferin, 8pp n inted Governor-
General of the Domi.nion of Canada in 1872.
Duke street.-'Vhat is now Duke 6tr, et
was originally Duchess street. The chan
e
was made at an early date. The name wa.<>
gÏ9'en in compliment to the Duke of York,
the son of Georl1:e the Third, from whom
ihe town it3elf was named.
DundM street ha<; its name from the
&l
ht Hon. Henry Dundas, Secretary of

tate for the Colonies in 1794. Dundaa

was th9 name ori
inalIy Ki...en to Queen
street in 1794 by Governor Simcoe, but the
name has been transferred from that
thoroughfare to the modern Dundas street-
a thing of quite common occurrence iu the
annais of York and 1'oronto.
Dunn A venue is named after Recei...er-
General John Henry Dunn.
Dupont Avenue is named after George
Dupont Wells.
Durham street, in St. Stephen's ward,
has been chan
ed to Myrtle street, and Dur-
ham street, running from Cumberland Road,
has been changed to '3banley street.
E 1rl street is a Íanciful name.
East Market Square is so called because
ot its rela
ion to the market.
East Park Terrace and E'\stern Avenue
are so called because of their locations.
Eden Place is a fanciful name.
Edgar Avenue is named after J. H. E<!.

ar, mfmber of Parliampnt.
- .Edward street is named after one of
the Macaulay fð.mily, owners of the pro-
perty.
Elgin A...enue commemorates the name oÍ
James Rruce, Earl of Elgin, and Governor
of Canada. from 1847 to 1854-
Eliz 1beth street is named after Elizabeth
Russell, sister d President Peter Russell.
Elliott street is named after Alderman
Thomas Elliott.
Ellia street bears the name of John Ellis,
a milkman and old resident.
Elm street is so called, from tho fact that
a solitary elm tree was long conspicuous
at the point where it starts from Y onge
street.
.Elm Avenue and Elm Grove are so called
becausl' of th:>se trees there.
Erie street abd .Erin sneet carry their
own explanations.
Ernest Avenue is named atter Alderman
Ernest Macdonald.
Esplanade means a clear flat surfa.ce. The
Toronto Esplanade correbp nds to some
extent with the Thames embankment in
Lonåon. It has given a new front to the
city.
Essex street is named after thc Earl of
Es!\f'x.
.Esther street bears the name of one of the
lady members of the Denison family.
Euciid Avenue is named after the
Alexandrian celebrated as the father of
mathematics.
Evan"Avenuei.s named after ex-Alderman
George Evans,
Exhibition Avenue ic so called, because
it affords a means of approach to the exhi-
bition grounds. -
FarIe} Avenue is named after ex-Alderman
William Farley.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

521

Far quhar Lane is named after the Far-
quhar contractors, located there.
Fennin
street is named after Fenning
Taylor, connected with one of the depart-
ments at Ottawa.
First A venue is so called, because of its
rclA.tion to other streets.
Fort RouIle street is &. corruption of Fort
Rouille, a French trading post ere
ted at
Toronto in 1749 and destroyed ten years
later.
Foster Avenue is named atter Major Fos-
tel', a property owner ..here.
Foxley street and Foxley PLa.ce bring to
mind the house and grounds ot James Bealey
Harrison, which he WAS p:eased to desi'{nate
Foxley Grove. Mr. Harrison was an English
barrister, and the author of a sta.ndard work
on laW'. During the regime of Lieutenant-
Governor Sir George Anhur, from 1838 to
1841, he was Secr('ta.ry of the Province and
member of the Ex('cutive Council La.ter
he was Judge of the County a.nd Surrogate
Courts.
Frankish A venue is named after Oharles
Frankish, a property owner.
Frankland Avenue IS called after Alder-
man J:!'rankland.
Frederick street was named at the lav-
ing out of the town after Frederick Duke
of York.
Frizz')Il Avenue was Damed after a well-
known itinerant preacher, who lived in the
nei
h bour hood_
Front street was so named from it skirt-
ing, at the time of its laying out, the bay
front. What is now the eastern portion uf
it was originally Kin
street, so named in
honour of Kinp; Georee the Third. It was
afterwards ca.lled Palace street, from its
leaàin2 to the Parîiament House. 'Vhen
Front street WM laid out it was joined at
its eastern extremity to Palace street
and the united streets with the name of
Fron t street.
Funston street is named after J. J. Funs-
ton, a and owner.
Garden Avenue and Garden Place are
fancitul appellations given in lieu of more
distinctive names.
Geor'{e street was 130 named at thf' origi-
n!l.ì la.yin
out of the town in 1793, aft9r
Georg p Prince of Wales. It was the origi-
nal w(>stward boundar y of the town.
Gildersleeve A venue was na.med after the
own
r of t.he property.
Givens street bears the name of Colonel
James Gi'Yens, one of the aides of Governor
Bimcoe, and the possessor of the park lot
through which the street p'lsses.
Gladstone Avenue bears the name of
Wilham Ewart Gladstone.
Glen Road and Glendale A..-enue are

names more or less descriptive of ,he local..
ties.
Globe Lane is so called, because it
runs by the side of the Globe building.
Glollcester street is a duplicate of ihe
weB-known En'{lish name.
Gordon street is uam d after John Gor-
don, a merchant, and the founder oi the
Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railroad.
Graham 1.'errace and Graham Place are
named after Alderman Gra.ham,
Grange Avenue and Grange Road are
named from" The Grang!:'," the former resi.
dence of D"Arcy Boulton, and the present
home of Pref. Goldwin Smith.
Greenwood Avenue is named after Mr.
Greenwood, a garden2r of :;hat nei'thbour-
hood.
Grenville street is named after Earl
Grenville.
Grosvenor street is after the well-kno'\YD
English name.
Grove Avenue is a fanciful appellation.
Gwynne street aud Gwynne Avenue bear
the name of Dr, Gwynne, a well remem-
bered residen
of the town.
Hackney street is called after the En2lish
t,)\yn of that name.
Hagerman street is named after Chief
Justice Hagerman.
Hallam street was formerly Brighton
Plac:J. It is noW named after Alderman
Hallam.
Hampton Avenue is named aftar Hamp-
ton Court.
Hanover Pi ace is after the Hous
uf Hano-
ver.
Harman Avenue is named after e"(,City
Treasurer Harman,
Harrison street is named after Jud
e Har-
rison, of the Couuty Court.
Ha.stings Avenue is named after ex-Alder-
man Thomas Hastin
s.
Havelock street takes its name from Major-
General Sir H
nry Havelock.
Hayden street is named after Mr. Hay-
den, a milkman.
Hazelton Avenue wa.s named by George
White, a land-holder of this section, in
honour of his wife, nee Mi"s Hazelton.
HepburnÐ street i
named after a man who
owned property there.
Herrick street is named after Dr". Herrick,
a Toronto physician.
Heward Avenue commemorates the name
of tile Heward famllv.
Hickory &treet is;o called, because of the
hickory tree once there.
B Ürh 8treet is so called, becaUS:J of A. cer-
tain propriety in the namc.
High Park A venue is so caUed, bec&1ISe of
its proximity to High Park.
Homewood Avenue is [I. name 'liven by

1S22

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the Hon. George W. AHan, who owned the
property.
Howa.rd street is named after John G.
Howa.rd, a well-known citiz:m of the city
anà the donor of High Park.
Howland Avenu
, Howland Road and
Howla.nd Place cOlJlmemorat
the name of
the How' and fa-milv.
Hunter .treet is I;amed after ex-Alderman
Thomas Hunter.
Huron street L'I named a.fter the tribf\ of
Indians and lake of that name.
Hux 1 ev str'eet is named after the weU-
known English s
ientist.
Indian R ,ad is so ca'led, beca.use it is
nea.r, or forms a part of, an old Indian
trail.
In
h8om Avenue Is named after Joshua
Ingham, an Alderman of the city.
Inkerman street commemora.tes the vil-
lage in the Crimea famous for the b:\ttle
which took place there.
Iroquoi3 street bears the name of one of
the thirty-seven tamilies of North American
Indianl!l as classifi d bV Schoolcraft.
Irwin Avenue is namtld after Alderman
John Irwin.
Iilabe.la street b -an the name of a. lady
member of the family of Chief Justice Macau-
lay. .
Ivy A,.enue is & fanciful na.me.
James street retain'J the name of Dr. James
Macaulay, the first grantee of the park lot
through which it. passel. He wc\s an army
Burgeon, attached 8uccessivelv to the 33rn
Regim
nt anCl to the Queen's R!\ngp.rs.
Jam
'QOn avenue bears the name olVice-
Chancellor Jameson, of Upper Canada, the
hua and of the talented author..s, M.r..
J amel!lon.
Jo.lrVIS street WM originally New stl'e"t,
the weiltern limit of the town. It was then
named N el
on street, in honour of Lord
N elson, and now the street bears the name
of S'\muel P. Jarvis.
John street bear
one of the Christian
names ot the fint G:)vernor of Upper Can,
ada-John Graves Slmcoe.
Johnson street szets its n:lmc from
one Johnson, a oarter, who had a row of
houses on it.
Jones Avenue is named after City Inspec-
tor Jones.
Jordan street preserves the Christian
n&1T.e ot Jordan Post, once the owner" af the
whole frontage extending from Bay street to
Y onge street.
Kilworth street derives its app
l1ation
from the castle given by Elizabeth to -.;he
E<<rl of Leicester.
Kent strt'et bears the royal name of the
Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria,
woo on hiB visit to York, in the early

part of the century, wail lodged near whl're
It now passes.
Ketchum Avenue keeps in memory Jesse
Ketchum, an early tann
r of York, and one
of the most liberal patrons the town ever
had of religious, educationa.l and temperance
causes.
Kcw B
ach skirts the water front and
gets its name from Kew on the Tha.mes.
Kin
street was originally Duke street,
named after the Duke of York. The name
was changed to King Btr..et, in honour of hie
father, George
he Third.
Kingslpy Avenue pres"rves the memory
of Canon Charles Kingsley, the preacher and
rlOvelist.
Lain
street is named after Joseph Lain!!:,
a fisherman.
Lake street is so called, bllC!J,use of thg
relation it bears to the lake.
Lakeview avenue is after the well,known
.. nursery" of that name.
Lambton street from the village.
La-nrley Avenue il!l named after Mr. Lang-
ley, an architect.
Lansdowne Avenue is named after Henry
C. Keith Fitzmaurice, Lord Lansdowne,
G'lVernor-General of C..nada. from 1883 to
1888.
Larch street be:i.rs the nam
of a tree.
Leader L1.ne is so called, because the
newspaper Leader, was formerly pub1ished
00 it. '
Lennox street and Lennox Avenue are
called after Joseph L"nnox, a prop':'rtiy
o'\Vner.
Leopold street is named after Prince
Leop
ld.
Leslie street is named after George Leslie,
a nursel'yman.
Linden street bears the name of a tree.
Lindsey Avenne is nam'd after Charles
Lind,j.y, City Re,:{istrar, lawyer, newspaper
ma.n dd author.
L ppincott street is named after a family
of Lippincotts connecteå with the Dani-
sons.
Lisga.r street is named after Lord Lis.
gar.
Lobb A venue is named aft
r Alderman
Lobb.
Loszan Avenue is named after one Logan,
a gi\rGener.
Lombard street now bears the name of
the celebrated financial street of London.
It wa.s at first March street from the Earl
of March, that beinQ: the second tit e of the
Duke of Richmond. H'snamewasdisplaced
by that of Stanley, L()rd S[anley being the
C )lonial Minister of the r1aV
London skeet is from the capital of the
llritif'h E'llpire_
LOD
fellow Avenue comes from lIenr7

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

523

Wadsworth Longfellow, the American
poet.
Lome street, L:>me Terrace, LorneAvenue
and L,>rne Crescent. are named in honour
of Sir John D, S. Campbell, Marquh of
Lorne, and Goveraor-Genera1 of the Dominion
of Canada from 1878 to 1883
Louisa street and L )uisa Terrace are
named after a lady in the Macaulay
family.
Lowther Avenue is called after the titled
family of that name.
Lytton Avenue honours the name of Lord
Lytton.
McCaul street is named after Dr. McCau),
a Professor in the University.
McUill street bears the name ot Colonel
John McGill, an early resident of York,
who owned the park lot through whip-h it
passed. M
Gill Squar
, now a. thin
of the
pan, also derived its name from him.
McMaster AVL'nue is called after the Hon.
Wm. .McMaster, Sena.tor.
McMurrich street is named a.fterex-Mayor
McMurrich.
Macdonell Avenue bears the name of the
Roman ClI.tholic Bishop Macdonpll.
Ma.cJear Place is :earned after R Jbert Ma-
clear. a stationer.
Macpherson Avenue is name:! after Hon.
D. L. Macpherson, Senator of the Do.
minion.
Madeira Place is taken from the Island of
that name.
Maitland Place is named after Sir Pere-
grine Maitland, Li"utenant G3vernor of
Upper Canadllo from 1818 [0 1828.
Major Place and Majùr street bear the
name of John M .jor, a bank official.
Manning Avenue and Mannin2 Arcade de-
rive their names from Alexander Manning,
Alderman and Mayor of l'oronto.
Mansfield Avenue is named after L,rd
Mallsfi -Id.
Maple street, Maple Avenue, Maple Grove
and Maple Wood Place, are from the tree of
that name.
Markham street and Markham Place
are named after lJaDtain Markham, of the
320d regiment.
Marlborou
h Avenue receives its del'i
n:lo-
tion from the ducal house of that name.
Massey street is stamped with the na:ne
of the Massey family, of the Massev Ma.nu-
facturing Compauy.
Maynard Avenu' is named after Professor
Maynard, & Professor in Upper Canada Col-
I eQ;e.
Melady Lane is named after P. Melady, a
dry.goods marchant.
Melbourne Avenu
, like Melbournf', Vic-
toria. received its name from William Lamb,

Lord MtJibourne, British Pnme M.iQis
r iD
1837.
M Hnda street J)re..erve
the Chris
aD
name ot the wife of Jord;A.n Post, the 41'1*
clock-maker in town.
Mercer str.-et derives its name from Adam
M -rcer, whose prop
rtyre...ertedto the crown
at his death.
Metcalfe .treet is named after ex-Mayor
M
tcalfe.
Mi.!d eton street
is :named after Genera)
Middleton.
Milau street takes the na.me of an Italian
citv,
Millstone Lane is named after Richard
Oates. who used to dress atones in M,llstone
L lOe.
Mill street is 110 caned, because it was be-
side Gooderham & Worts' mill.
Milton Avenu(
takes the name of John
Milton, the poet.
Mission A venue used to be Emma street.
A lit,le church was built ou it, after which
it was called Mission Avenue.
M ssi8sa.u!{a øtreet preserves the memory
of the tribes of Indians which once inhabited
the locality of Toronto. The name U Va-
riously spelled, Missiisaga and Missisa
ue
being other forms.
Mitohell Avenue is named after ex-Alder-
man John Mi,cht'IL
M JIlck street is named after Gover
r-
G"neral Lorn Monck.
Mùrris atrèet is named after E:x-Alderman
Morns.
Morrison street is named after ex-Mayor
M'lrrison.
Morse street is caned after George D.
Morse, a cattle dealer, who was drowned in
the Don.
Moss Park Place derives its name from
Mos!\ Park. the title ginn by Colonel Allan
to hIs residence on Sherbourne street.
Ml1nns' Lane is named afterG:oq
eMunlJs,
aarter.
Murr'LY street is called aher a lawyer by
that name.
Muter street ha"l been changed toPa)mers-
ton A venue, in honour of LOl d Palmerston,
Muter street was named after Colonel
Muter.
Mutrav street is n'lmed after Colonel
Mutray, an En
lish officer.
Mutual street and Myrtle Avenue are
name, chosen and apphed to the streeta.
N a.pier !ltreet may commemorate the hero
of Scinde, or it ma.y be in honour of tlw
three brothers known a.s U \VelJington'.
Colonels. "
N a8sau street is in honour of the h :)use of
Nassau.
Nelson street bears the heroic name of
En
land's .Irea.test admiral.

524

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

New street h<\s a red Ion for its name in
th..t it is new in fact.
Niagara street is. of course. named after
the famous river and fall.
Noble street is named after the Noble
estate.
Norfolk street and Norìolk Avenue are
namell from a maritime county of Eng-
land.
.Ñorth street is so c1Iolled. because of its
relative situation ïn the city.
North Drive is thus termed to distinguish
it from South Drive.
N orth Mutu
l street is au addition of
norTh to Mutual street.
Northcote Avenue is named after Richard
Northcote. an old merchant.
Northern Place is so called, because it
runs north from th
Northern Ra;lroad.
Northumberland street is areminder of the
most northern county of Enl1:land.
O'HM'a Avenue is namel after Colo
el
O'Hara..
Oak street. of course, is na.med from the
tree.
Old Post Office L'\ne is so called, became
it runs by the side of the old post office. on
the west side of Toronto 8treet.
Olive street and Olive Avenue are fanciful
names.
Onta.rio street and Onta.rioPlace are names
oi self-evident derivation.
Orcha.rd Terrace is &. s
lected name.
Ord street is namef1 a.fter Capta.in Lewis
Ord, a Government olliciai.
Orford avenue takes its title from a family
of that name.
03
00de !:itreet a.nd O.:;goode L me are,
so far as their extent and importance go,
but slight memoria.ls of William Oagouåe,
first Chief Justics of Upper Canada..
Ottawa street comes from the city of that
name-the capital of the Dominion of
Canada.
Oxford street is named from the well-
known London thorough! \r
,
Pape Avenue is named alter the late Mr.
Pape, a
ardener.
Park Road and Park Terrace are eclectic
name
.
Parliament street.-This name was form-
erly app1ied to the southel n I'ortion of the
present Berkeley street, becau!e it ran to
the fir:it Parlia.ment building's, and it has
since been transferred to the next street
opened to thp eastward.
Pat(:rsoll Place is named after Geor'{e
P",terson, ca.b driver.
Pearl street is a fanciful name,
Pearson A venue is named after Pearson
Bros., reCiI estate a
ents.
Peel Avemle commemorate:i the name of
S I' Robert Peel.

Pe'bam Place åerives it
desig;nation from
the welì-known .Eoglilb fa.mily of the name
of Pelham.
Pembroke street and Pembroke Place
keep in memory a county and town in Eng.
land. collelites of Uxford and Cambridge d.Dd
thp titula.r na.me of de VaJenc8.
Peter stred is a memento of Petðr Ruslell,
Pre,-ident
f the Province.
Phipps street is ca.lled after a broker of
tha.t name.
Phænix Biock was ori
iDally the H iron
block." one of the first iron blocks in To-
ronto. It W.R.S burned down, rebuilt, al1d
christened Phænix Block.
Pine 'rerrace p:.osses through a district
whpre pine trees on
e abounded.
Piper street is na.med after Harry Piper.
Pìymouth Avenue takes the na.me oi an
importantseaport in the south-west of Devon-
shire.
Popla.r Plains RClad is so ca.lled from the
fact that the tab!e land hereabout was form-
erly known as the Poplar Plains.
Portland street possesses the interest of
b!'aring the name of the .Duke of Portland,
Viceroy of II'eland, Colonial Secreta.ry,
and three time
Prime Minister in the reign
of George the Third,
Power street commemora.tes the Roman
Catholic Bishop Power, who lost his life
while attendin" to the plague.stricken emi-
grants in 1847.
Price street and Price La.ne art> named
after Mr. Pl'Îce. an official of the Dominion
lla.nk.
Prince Arthur Avenue is Darned after
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught.
.Princt'ss street is a corruption of Princes
street, as it was originally named ic honour
of the Dukes of Clarence, Kent. Cumber-
land, Sus"ex a.nd Cambridge, sons of King
George the Third.
Pròspect; stree t is an eclect!c appellAtion,
'l.nd so also is Prospect A venuE'.
Queen street was originally laid out by
Governor Simco
, as &. portion of a great:
mIlitary roa.d, to traverse the province
fl"Om west to east. He named it Dundas
street. It was afterwards called Lot street.
from the hct that it W&8 the southern
boundary oi the tier of l'ark lot! which
stretched along it for two miles. Later
it was changed to Queen street, in honour
of Queen Victorii!.
Radeuhurat stref:t is named after a bmdy
who used to live at the corner of Duke
and Parliament streets. Mr. Radenhur"t
was a. lawyer.
Ra.m
ay Lane is called after William
Ramsay. " irocer,
R!\.thnelly Crescent deriTes its name
from Rathnelly, the title KiTen by Mr.

LA
DMAR.KS OF TORONTO.

525

M
Master to a. fine residence here erEcted
by him.
Ray Lane is named a.fter John Ray, a
carter, who owned property there.
R
gent street is from the well- known
London street of that name.
Reid street is called loiter John Reid, a
painter, once a counciiman.
Renfrew Place takes the name of Baron
R
nfrew, under which the Prince of Wales
was known in the United States on his visit
there.
Richmond stireet, because a plot bad form-
erly been set apart on it for a hospital,
was long known as Hospital street, and
when that unplea.a&lltly suggest.ive appella.
tion was removed it received its present
name in compliment to Charles Gordon Len-
nox, fourth Duke of Richmond, Lord Lieu-
tenant of Ireland and Governor.General of
Canada, whence also R
chmond Place.
Ritchie Crescent and Ritchie Terrace are
called after John Ritchie, a. once well-known
builder of tÞat name, whose place of busi-
ness was on Adelaide street.
River street is so called, becau,e it was
by thø Don river.
Riverdale Avenue is the somewhat fanci-
ful appella.tlon of a street that runs to the
Don river.
Robert street and Robert Place are named
after Colonel Robert Denison.
Robinson liìtreet is called after John HðV-
erley Robin
QD.
Roden Place bears the na.me of E. P.
Roden, ot the City Engineer's office.
Rolyat street is the name Taylor spelled
backwards.
Rancesvalles Avenue is a reminder of the
valley in NaTarre, rendered famous as the
scene of the defeat of the army of Charle-
ma.
ne in 778, by a force of Arabs, N a.
varrese and FrE'nch Gascons.
Rose Avenue is a fanciful na.me.
Rosedale Road derives its na.me from
RlJsedaìe, the residence of Sheriff W. B.
Jarvis, who, with :Mr. Bloor, projected
and laid out the vil1a
e of Y orkville, which
narrowly escaped bemg called Bloorville.
Rosedale and Cumberland were also suc.
geated, but Y orkTi1!e was finally decid;d
upon.
Royce A venue is named after Mr. Royce,
oWlI.er of property there.
Rush Lane is named after Frank Rush,
a grocer on Queen street.
Ru
holme Road is named from Rusbolme,
the family residence of one of the branches
oi the D,'nison family.
Russell street and Russell Place are
named from Peter Russell, .President of the
province.
SackviJle street is nllmed after Sackville

street in DubJin. It wa3 formerly Pine
street.
Salem Avenue may be in commemoration
of that Massachusetts town famous for the
burning of witches.
&lisbury street is a transfer to the new
continent of the old English name of Sa.lis-
bury, applied to a famous cathedral, city
and plain of Wiltshire a.nd t.he titular name
of the Cecils.
Saulter street is called after ThomasSaul-
ter, a prop
r y owner there.
Saurin street is named after James Sa.urin
McMurray, a barrister.
Scad ding street commemorates the Scad-
ding family, the senior member of which
ca.me to York with Governor Simcoe, and
settled just east of the Don, His son is the
Rev. Dr. Henry Scaddinv, the historian of
York and Toronto.
Scollard street is named a.fter Maurice
Scollard, a venera.ble attache of the Bank of
Upper Canada.
Scot. street and Scott La.ne aoTe memorials
of the Hon. Thomas Scott, Chief Justice of
the Province, whme house stood on the
ground through which the street passes.
Seaton street preserves the title of John
Colborne, Field Marshal Lord Seaton.
Selby street takes its name from Prideaux
Selby, ReceiTer,General of the Province at
the time of the Amerkm invasion.
Severn street and Severn La.ne take their
names from John Severn, a brewer on Y onge
street in 1835.
Shaftesbury Avenue is named after Lord
Shaftesbury.
Shanley street is named after a former
Chy Engineer-Frank Shanley.
Shaw street pres(:rves the name of .Major-
General Æneas Shaw, the original pos-
sessor of the park lot through which t.he
street was laid out.
Sheppard street and Sheppard Lane are
reminders of Harvey Sheppard, a famous
worker in iron of the olden time, whose
factory was on the w"st side ot Sheppa.rd
street.
Sherbourne street and Sherbourne place
commemorate the old D;:>ri!t'tshire home of
the main stem of the Ca.nadian Ridouts-
the town ot Sherbourne. Originally Sher-
bourne street had imposed upon it the name
of the Princess of W ales, aft
rwards 1\0
unhappily famous &!:i George the Fourth's
Caroline.
Shirley street bear. the name of Mabel
Shiì.'ley.
Soho strEet receives its appellation from
the London street and square of that
name.
Sorauren A venue is a Spa.nish name given
by Colonel O'HarA. to the street.

526

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

Simcoe street and Simcoe Terrace derive Summerhill Avenue comes from a resi-
their names from Lieutenant-G:meral John dence of that na.me built by Charles Thom-
Graves Simcoe, first Lieutenallt-G JVel'ßor son, whose name iø associated with the
of UpJ:er Cftnada. Simcue street was form- former travel anà postal service of the
erly Graves street at its lower portion, and whole length of Yon'{e street and the upper
its upper pOI tion was Wilham street. lakes.
Smith street is nam ,d after John Smith, Sydl'nham street and Sydenham L'\ne are
owner of a lar'{e tra.ct of land in the east end called af ter Sir Charles Poulett Thomson,
of the town. ' Baron Sydenham. of Sydenha.m, in Kent,
South Drive is a name to distjfl
ujsh the and Toronto, in Canada, who resided fOl' a
way from it
compl"ment, North Drive. time in Toronto. \\hile Governor-Qenern.l of

padina Avenue,
padina Avenue Place, the Canada.s in 1839-40.
and Spadina Crescent have their names Symes Place is named after A. Syme
, who
from Spadina Rouse, the residence of Dr. built some houKes there.
W. W. ßaldwin, who laid out the stree'. Tarratt L.me is named after Joshua Tar-
Sp \dina is an Indian word, meaning à.n mtt, a green-
rocer.
elevation of land. Tate street is called after Mr. Tate, who
Spa.rkhall Avenue is named after Mr. wall the contractor tor the Grand 1."runk
Spa-;'khall, a butcher. R Ülwav. He also undertook to build the
Sproa.tt avenue bears the name of éharlell new jaii.
Spro
tt, late City Engineer of Toronto. Taylor street bears the name of Taylor

pruce st, eet is caUed after the tree. Brothers, the paper manufacturers.
The followin'{ ways have for patron Tecumseth street is named after the ce]e-
saints :-St. Alban street, St. Andrèw srreer, brated Indian Chief-Tecumseth.
and St. And. ew Arcade, St. Ann Road, Tempera.nce street was so named by Jesse
St. Ccttherine Terrace, St. Clarens stl'eet, Kptchum, a stron2 advocate of temperance
St. David street and St. D.!.vid Place, nrinciDle.!!. bv \\ horn it was la.id out.
St. GE'orge street,
t" Helen's Avenue, St. Tennyson a...enu. ill a compliment to the
James Avenue and St. James Squa.re, St. gnat English poet.
Joseph street, Sr. La.wrence street and St.' Teraul,ystreetcherishesthenameofTeral1.
Lawrence Arcade, St. Mary street, St. lay cottage-Dr. James Macaulay'
resi.
Nicholas street, St Patrick street and St. dencp, to which it ,ed.
Patrick Square, St. Pa.ul street anà St. Th{'ai:re Lane is so named becaU::le at its
Paul Lane, St. Thomas street and St. VID- terIhinus once stood the only thea.tre in To-
cent street. ronto-the Royal Lyceum Theatre.
Stafford street is named after the titled Tinninp; Row is named after Richard Tin-
English family. ning, who built a row of houses Ihfre
Stanley Crescent bears, in another loca- about ]852. He had a saw-mill in this loca-
tion, the name of L .rd Stanley, once borne tion also.
by the present Lombard street, Toronto street bears its own explanation,
Steiner street IS nam,'d after ex-Alderman as does also Toronto Arcade.
Steiner. Trafalgar Avenue cel..bra.tes the victory
S.one-cntter Lme is so called because a of Nelson off Cape TmfalgA.r over the
stone-yard was once situated on it. allied fleets of France and Spain, October
S rachan A venue preserves the name of 21, 1805,
the Rev. Dr. John S"trachan, first Anglican Triuity street and Trinity Place are so
Bishop of Toronto. calied trom their proximity to Trinity
Strange street is named after M .xwell church.
Strange, an auctioneer. Trinity Square now occupies the spot
Suff"lk Plac.' gets its name from on
of the where Dr. Macaulay's house once stood.
maritime counÜes of England. The squa.re takes its name from Holy Trinity
Sullivan street is named after Judge Sul- church. which now occupies the space in
!ivan, of the Court of CO'óJlmon Pleas, and the middle of it.
second Mayor of Toronto. Turner Avenue gets its name from John
Sultan street bears the name of the eastern l'urner. ex-Alderman.
pot<:ntate. Tyndall Avenue is named after Professor
Sumach street runs through what was' 'l'yndal1, the English sci<>ntist.
formerly a reeion OJ sumaCHS Ulster street is from th
northernmost of
Sussex Avenue and Surrey Place take the four pr"vin
es of Irel&.nd.
the names of counties in the south of Eng- Union street is an eclectic designation.
land. University Etreet-The uround which
Sword street is named after MI'. Sword, this traverses was the p;ift of S I'John R' bin-
once la.ndlord of the Queen's hotel. son, and by him it was ceJled P&I'k L
Re,

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

627

probably from the Park Lane in London.
This name was chan2ed to University street,
because it runs to the University, but the
name is confusing, as there is a College
Avenue parallel within and beside it.
Uniyer8Ïty Crescent is so named from its
proximity to the University of Toronto.
Vm Iiorne street is named after .Mr, C.
R. Van H0rne, president ann general maua-
gel' of the Ca.nadian Pa.cific R\ilwaV,
Vankouvhnet stree.t bears the name of
Vice.Chancellor Vankoughnet.
Vermont Avenu' wa.s nam'd rather inap-
propriately a.fter the :ftrdt State reeehred
into the American Union, after the adoption
of the Fe,leralConsutution, for there is noth-
illjil; of green about it, nor anything sug2es-
tive of a mQll,n.tain.
Verral Avenue is named aiter George W.
Verral, of the Transfer Camp_my.
Victor Avenue is named after Victor
Thomas, a sporting man of that loca-
lity.
Victoria. street, VIctoria Crescent, Vic-
toria. A venue, Victoria Lane, Victoria.
Plac p , Victoria Square, Victoria street lane,
and Vicwria Terra.ce, proclaim the loyalty
ot Toronto to her Majesty the Queen.
Victoria street was originally called Upper
George street.
Vine street is named after WilHam Vine,
So butcher a.nd famous spol,tin
man of that
locality.
Vi[.
in L&ne-Sir Thos. Coa.tesworth
called it after old Mr. Virgin, who lived
there.
Walker A venue is named after \Valter
\Valkpr, a carriage maker and old rtsi
dent.
Walker Lane is called after Louis Walker,
a cabman,'who ownf'd property at the corner
of Snerbourne and Duchess streets.
Waillut Avenue i, ca.lled from the tree.
Walton street very appropria tely pre-
serves the nams of Georl1:e Walton, the
publisher in 1833-4 of the first directory of
the town.
Wardell street is named after O. Wardell,
an auctioneer.
Wa.shjn
tonAyenu8reminds the passer-by
of the first Presiden' of the UniteàStates.
Water street runs along the river Don,
whence its name.
Waterloo Avenue and Waterloo Terrace
receive their names from the weU-known
battle-field.
West Lodge Avenue takes its name from
Colonel O'Hara's esta.te and residence, which
wa" caìled West Lodge.
Wpst Ma.rke street receiTes its appella-
tIOn from the fact that it borders on the
west of St. L" wrence market-the first
public ma.rket in the city origlDa.lly laid

bv Lieutena.nt-Governor Peter Hunter in
1803,
Westmoreland A venue comes from the
county of that name. in the north-west
of England, celebra,ed for its beautiful
la.kes.
\Vaverly Road is trom the popular novel
and serif s of novels by Sil' Walter Scott.
Way Place is named after William Way,
a butcher and property owner.
Wellesley street, Wdlesley Avenue. Well-
psley Cre&cent, \Vellesley Place. Wel-

ington street, Wellington Avenue. '\-Vd-
lin2ton Lane and WeLlinuton Place, com-
bine the name and title of Arthur WeJ:es-
ley, Duke of \Vellington. Welling tOll street
was f rmerly Market street.
Wells street is named after George Du-
pont Wells.
Whitney Avenue is named after J. W. G.
\Vhitney, land agent.
Wickson Avenue is called after John
\Vickson, a butcher.
Widmer street preserves the memory of
Dr. Christopher \Vidmer, an emineni sur-
gee>n and physician of York.
Wilkin ATenu
bear
the name of a mer-
chant in St. Lawrence market, who bought
a lot of property in the neighbourhood.
Willcock street is named :Iofier the family
of \V1l1cock, relations of the Baldwin
fam'lv. and early and well-known residents
of y',rk.
Wiiliam street is a record of the name of
Willia.m Dummer PoweU, an early Chief
Justice ot Upper Ca.nada, who prrjected the
street and gave the land. It was origioally
Dummer street, and what was originally
WiIlia.m street is no\v the northern pori ion
of Simcoe street.
\Vilmot Avenue is named from Samuel
S. Wilmot, deputy surveyor in ISH.
Wilson street and \Vilson Avenue proba-
bly derivE' their names from some of the
numerous '\-Vilsons who have been large pro-
perty owners.
Winchester street ani! \Vinchester Dl'ive
receive their names from the famous hiøio-
rical city of Winchester, in Hampshirp.
Windsor street a.nd W mdsor Terrace
del iTe theIr names from the famous castle
which has been a favourite residence of
English Kings since t
e time of William
tbe Conqueror, who built it.
Withrow Avenue takes its name from ex-
Alnerman J. J, Withrow.
Wood street is named after Alexander
'\-Vood, an old-time merch;\nt of York.
Woodbine Avenue ill so called becaus8 is
r'lns by the W oodbme race course.
'\-Vuodland A venue is a fanciful name.
Woodlawn Avenue derives its name from
Woodlawn. the residence of Chancøllo:

528

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Blake, and built by him, subsequently the
home of Justice Morrison.
Worts Avenue, which was formerly Mar-
ket strf'et, bears the name of the well-known
Worts family.
Wya.tt Avenue takes it Dame from C. B.
Wyatt, Surveyor-General of the Pro\'Ïnce
in 1805.
Yarmouth Roaå-The name of Yar-
mouth haa been borrowed from the cele-
bra.ted se
.port, 1ìshing
u
sea-La\,hing
lown on the coast ot .IS orfolk, Eng'
land.
Y onge .'reet, Y onge street Arcade, Y onge
.treet Court and Y on2e streef Lane - deiiye
thF-ir names, the first directly and the others
indirectly, fmID Sir George Y onge, Secretary
of War in 1791, and M. P. for Roni,
ton, in the coUnty of Devon, from 1763 to
1796,
York street was either named from that
Duke of York, who gave his name to the
town, or from the fact that It wa.;; one of the
roads by which farmers from the Ilorth-we't
entered the town.
y orkville Avenue is so called because it is
contiguous to Y orkville,
t>>alace street-'Vhy this name has been
applied to the street across the D:m, not
yet built on, it would be difficu,t to tell,
except ,hat the intention was to p':'rpetua.te
the name once borne by one of the oldtcst
streets of the town, what is now the eastern
portion of Front street. As origiml,lly ap-
plied it was meant to indicate that it led to
the government reservàtion, where it was
supposed that the officiäl rE'presentative of
the.. sonreign would be.
The derivation of the names of the follow-
inp; streets is unc
rtain or wholly unknown.
In many cases the names are so cammon,
and in such universal use, that it is evident
they were selected merely because they
sounded well. .Many of the others were
doubtless given in honour of larg
p:"operty
owners, aldermen or their frien:ls or some
spot cherished by them. In the case of the
feminine fond ma.le, Chri..tian names most
probably were those of members of fa.milies
interested in the property :-
Abbey Lane, Amelia street, Anne street,
Army Terrace, Rmk street, Bear street,
llellair street, B
rtre street, Birtley Avenue,
Blackburn street anfl Blackburn Terrac
',
Biackm(!re Lane, Blair A venue, Bri'{
s
street, Brooke A \'enue, B: ookfielù st1'eet,
BrownviUe Lane, Bruce street, Carroll
street, Cha.pel street, Cha.rles street, Char-
lotte street, Clara street, Clark street, Clif-
ford street, Clinton street and Clinton
Place, Cioseburn TerI'a
e, ColJahie street,
Coliins Avenue, CClolmme Av
nue, Cotting-
ham street. Cowan Avenue. Cross street,

Cummmg street, D,mtortn Avenue, D
r.
mot Place, Donald Avenue, Douro street,
Edith Avenue, Edwin Avenue, Eleanor
street, Elmer Avenue, Elsie Avenue, Emily
street, Enoch Square, Essery Terrace, Ethel
Avenue, Ewing' street, Exchange Allev,
Fisher str-=et, Florence street and Floren
e
Terrace, Eraucis street, Gifford street,
Gouldinj;l; street, Ha.lton street, Grant
stre
t, Grims'by street, Hamburgh Avenue,
Hamilton street and Hamilton Terrace,
Ha.rbord street, Harold Avenue, Harriet
street, Harris street, Harvard A vçnue,
Hayter street, Hen<Ìeri!on Avenue, Henry It.,
Herbert Avenue, Hillstred, Howie Avenue,
Humbert Avenu>" Hunter's Terrace, Hunt-
ley street, Jemima street, Kerr Lane, King-
ford street, Kintyre A venue, Kippendavie
Avenue, L!l.mport Avenue, Lee Avenue,
Leonard A venue, Lewis street, Lima Pla.ce,
Lovatt Place, Lucas street, McDonnell
Square, McDo1Jgall's Lane, McGee street,
McKenzie street, Ma.ckenzie Crescent, Madi-
sou Avenue, Mar'{uerita. street, Marion
IItreet, Marsh street, Marsh L
ne, Mushall
street, Matilda street, Maude street and
Maude Avenue, May street, Milford street,
Montague street and l\Iontague Place,
Munro street, N a.talie street, Orson Place
and Orson Terrace, Ossington Avenue and
Ossingè.on Pìacp, Paton street, Pa.ul stree',
Pe.lrce street, Percy street, Perry L
nfl,
Perth street, Phæbe street, Rachel street,
Rebecca street, Robertson Lane, Roxbo-
rough s"Greet, Russett Avenue, Ruth street,
Sarah street, Shannon street. Spence
Avenue, Springhur!3t Avenue, Stephanie
Place, Stewa.rt street, Sully street,
yming-
ton Avenne, Thompson street,
rhornton
Place, l'hurso Terrace, Tranby A venue,
Trefann street, 'I'reford PI act', Vanaulay
street, Virtue street, 'Yallace Avenue, Wal,
mer Road, 'Valter street, Watson Ter-
race, 'Viikinsoll Avenue, 'Villiamson Place,
Wilton Avenue. Wolfrev Avenue, Wools-
ley street and Wyndham street.

CHAPTER CLXXVIIL
FIFTY YEARS AGO.

People and Place!! that have D.,appeared
-Cbange' and Improvement,.
Half a century since, in 1843, Toronto
was a city of little more than 20,000 inhabi-
tants, widely distributf!d over a district
bounded on the north by Bloor street, on
the south by the wat.ers of the baV, and on
the east by those of the Don, while t
.
concession line now known al Dufferm

treet was the western limit,
The present St. James' Cathedral wal no'
in exis'ence, though there was a St. James'

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

529

where it stands, which was destroyed by fire! ceived the difference in cash. But that the
in 1849. Trinity Church, on King street I store-keeper geuerally managed to prevent.
eallt was in course of erection. and St. Nevertheless primitive as was the condition
Geo;ge's, in the west, was scarcely com- of things, people were very hl\pPY. If they
menced. Holy Trinity Church, in Trinity could not ride to panies they could walk, and
Square, was neither built nor .thought the y?ung me

f Toronto fifty y.ear
, ago
of. indeed the cottage occupIed by were Just as w1l1ll1g to go home wIth the
Dr:
lacaulay stood, with its front door othel" fellow's sister." as they are to-day.
looking north, almost exactly opposite the Things have greatly changed and comforts
tIoor by which the southern transept of the haye been added, to a degree the boys and
church is entered. It was destroyed by fire girls of 1893 cannot understand. Yet those
on Saturday evening noi very 10nO'after the who can remember Toronto fifty years ago
church was built, r'I have many pleasmg recollections of the old
Old St. Andrew's stood on the south-west I times and of those who were growing old

orner of Church. and Adelaide streets, I when they themselves were young.
the entrance bemg on the former_ -- T
Knox's church was not built, nor, \'\-ith the CHAPTER CLXX.1X.
exception of St. Michael's and St. PaulJd, JOHN BISHOP'S BLOCK.
belonging to the Roman Catholics, is there A. Row of Bnndlal
s Erected at aD Early
one other place of worship in the city now, Date by a Toronto Butcher.
that. was then in existence. Of course, there At the north-east corner of Adelaide and
were other churches thou'th very few J but Simcoe streets stands" block of fi.,.e well.
they have all either been rebuilt or t.ransfer- built and spacious brick builàings. They
red to oifferent localities. were erected Bomewhat prior 1-0 the rebel-
MosB Park, where
Ir. William Allan lion by John Bishop, a.n early and lon
.
then lived was absolutely in the country. time butcher of Toronto J who died recent y,
A portion of .:\lcGill square was a market I and \\ hose son followed in the business
garden. North of Carlton and east of of his father. These louses were built for
Church street was "Molly \-Vood's hush J " private residences, and at the time of their
where at' certain seasons of the year wild! erection they were considered aI\1.ong the
pigeons resorted in myriads. best of their class UI town. As shown
On King sireet west the house now known in the illustration they are not as originally
as No. lO J then the Church Society's De. constructed. The upper flat or attic floor,
positorv, had a large garden, and strange to with its half gables alid windows, is a modern
saYJ this land at the rear of the premises, addition, Formerly the block terminated
remains unbuilt upon to the present time, with a flat rooi a' the top of the third
(1893). storey. In 1
37,8 the Rev. John Roaf
Between Kin't, Bay, Adelaide and Yonge grandfather of the Messrs. Roaf, occupied
streets J almost at the back of the Cana..a one of these dwellings. He was the second
Life o:Øìce, was a large orchard where applES minister of the Con:.!regational denomina.
IJond plums grew in plenty, tion in town, succeeding th
Rev. Mr.
There were 110 railways, only one or two Merryfield, who was the first. Mr, Roaf
wret
hed omnibusses on Queen street west, had come to Canada from \V olverhampton J
aud on Y onge street, from King street to England. The Congregationalists then wor-
Y orkvilie. There were about two dozen shipped in a building at the north-east
policemen, but no postmen or telegraph boys. corner of Bay and Adelaide streets. This
if you wanted your letters yon might go to was of frame, in imitation of stone. It
the office and get them or go without. Fires could accommodate 500 or 600 people.
were of frequent occurrence and the only It is no longer in existence. At a later
means of extinguishing them was with hand I period the third house from the corner
worked fire engines. I was a school, kept by Madame Griebell,
At many of the smaller stores where principally for young ladies, although yeung
grocerieB were sold and also at some men received instructions there, principally
clothiers' estAblishments. farmer/:! requiring I in modern languages. Madame Griebell
either one or the other or both J would pay conducted her school here for many years.
nos 10 cash but in kind, sometimes, per- She was the \\idow of Dr, Griebell J one
haps, h.lving a pm3.lI b':1.1ance to receive, but I of the finest physicians then in the town.
not often. For instance a farmer wanting Now the buildings have mostly become
tea. sugar and oth l' c'}mmodities he could I boarding-houses. To the corner one at
not produce. would pay for them by de- the present time a
tachea the mterest of
U.,.ering to the grocer say two bushels of being at one time the home ot the late WiI.
oats, anI! if the value of the latter ex- liam O'Connor, the champion oarsman of
ceeded his purchase he ought to have reo America.
84

530

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO

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531

CHAPTER CLXXX.
A POPLAR PLAINS HOUSE,

OliTe GrOTe, (or Many Iean the Relldence
or Mr. J. S. Boward.
On \he Poplar Plainl, Y onge at., there
atood until recently the building shown in
the il ultration. It was a noticeable house to
the left of the road and lying slightly ba..:k,
lomewhat obscured by fine ornamenta.l trees
that overshadowed it. For many yt:ars n
was t.he home of Mr. Jamó>s S, Howard
once po!!tmaster of York, afterwar-ds trea-
SUler of the counties of York and Peel, and
an actiye promoter of all WOl ks of bene-
Tolence. This bouse used to be known as
O:ive Grove, and was originally built by
Mr. Campbell, proprÏf.tor and m!lonager of
the Ontario Hùu",e Hotel in York, a man
eminent in the Masonic body and father of
Mr. Stedman Campbell, a harrister of note
who died carlv. Mr. Howard died in
Toronto in 1866, aged 68 years. During
the Mackenzie rebel ion this house then oc-
cupied by Mr. Howard, wa.s the scene of an
incidp.nt which is thus related by Samuel
Thompson as n:1.rrated to him by a
entle-
man who as a. b')y was personally cosznizaht
of ti1e facts d scribed. ,. It was 0:1 Monday
morning the 5th of Dðcemb
r, 1837, when
rum ours of the disturbance that had broken
out in Lower Canada were causing great
excitement throughout the home district,
that the late James S. Howard's servant man
named Boulton, Wf'nt into his master's room
a.nd asked if Mr. Howard ha.dhep,rdshotsfit:'ed
during the night. He rt'plied that he hall
not, and told his man to go down to the
street and find out what was the matter.
Boulton returned shortly with the news that
a man named Anderson haà been shot at the
foot of the hill, and his b"Jdy wa.s now lyin

in a house near by. Shortly afterwards
came the startling report; of the death oi
poor Colonel Mf)ody, which was a great
shock to Mrs. Howard who kn('w him well
and was herse f a. native of Frederickton
where the Colonel's regiment, the old
Hundrf'd and Fourth, had been raised dur-
ing the war of 1812, Mr. Howard imme-
diately ordered his carria,!!é and started for
the city from whence he did not return for
t'n day::i. About nine o'clock a man named
Pool who had held the rllnk of captain in
the rebel acmy,called ar Mr. Howard's house
a.nd asked if Anderson'. bOdV was th're.
Being told where it wa" said to be he turned
a.nd went away. Immpdiately aft"rw.lrds
the first dptachment of the r
bù army came
in sight consisting of some fift"en or twenty
men, who drew np on the lawn in ft'ont of
the house, Presently at the word of com-
mand *hey wheeled around and wont in

search of the dead rebel. Next came three
or four men, loyalists. hurryin
down tbe
road who sa.id that; there Were five hundred
rebels behind them. Then was beard the
report of fir
arms and anon more armed
men showed themselves along the brow of Gal.
lows Hill a.nd took up ground near the pre.
sent residence of MI'. H03per. About eleTen
o'clock another detachment appeared,headed
b," a m"n on a sma.ll whitE' horse almost a
p
ny, who proved to be Commander-iu.
Chit:f Mackcnzie himself. He Wore a p;reat-
coa.t buttoned up to the chin and presented
the app
arance of bp.ing stuffed. III hlkin

among themselvl;!s they intimated that he
had on a great many coats as if to make bim-
seif bullet proof. To enable the man on the
white pony to enter the lawn, hi. men
wrenched off the fence boards; he entered
the house without knockine-, took possession
of the sitting room where Mrs. and .Mia
Howard and her brother were sitting, q,nd
o,'dered dinner' to be got ready for fifty m
n.
Urterly astonished at sucn a demand Mrs.
Howard Raid she could do nothing of the
kind. Aftp.r 3.busing Mrs. Howard for E,ome
time, who had incurred his dislIke by refus-
ing him special privilsges at the pcst office,
Mackenzie
aid Howard had held his office
long enough, and that it was time somebody
else had ili. Mrs. Howard at l
ngthreferred
him to the serTant in the kitehen, which
hint he taok and went to see about dinnflr
himself. There happened to be a large iron
sugar kettle in which was boiling a aheep
killed by do"s shortly before. This th9Y
emptieà and refilled with beef irem a barrel
In the cellar. A baking of brt'ad just
made was also confiscated and cut up bV a
tall thin man named Eckhart from :Mark-
h'\m. 'Vhile these preparations were
oing
on other men were bu!;y in the tool house
mending their arms which consisted of all
SOI.tS of weapons from chisels and gouges
fixt'd on poles, to hatchet., 1. nives and gu.a.
of all descriptions. About two o'clock
there was a. regular sté.mpsde and thehmily
w'\s lpft quite alolle, much to their relit'f,
with the exception of a voung Highland
Scotchman mounting guard. He mu-t have
bt'en a recent arrival from the old country,
as he wore the blue ja.cket and trouser8 of
the seafaring men of the western island.
Mrs. Howard seein
that all the rest IJad
lef-, went out to speak to him saving that
she re
retted to see so fine a young bcctch-
man r-=bel aszaillst his Queen. Hi. answer
was, 'Country fir:<t, Qneen next.' He told
her it was the fla.g of truce which ha.d called
his oomrades away, About balf past three
they all returned headed by the Commander
in-Chief, who demanded of Mrs. Howe.rd
whe' her the dinner he had ordered
as

532

LANDMA RKS OF TORONTO.

ready. She said it was juøtas he had left it. I out to attack the rebels who were posted a1;
Irritated at her coolness h
got very angry, the Paul Pry Inn on the east side of the
shook his horse whip, pulled her from her road, with their main body at Mont
omery's,
chair to the window, bidding her look out / some dIstance further north. It was a
'ery
and be thankful that hE:.r OWn house was fine sunny day, and the loyalists made a
not in the sa.me state. He pointðd to Dr. formidable app!'arance as the sun shone on
Horne's house a
Blue
iil on.tbe east side I their bright mm,ket barre's and bay
nets,
of the road, WhICh dU1"lnp; hIS absence he The fir
t shot fired was f, om f he artJliery
had set on bre, much to the disappointment I under the command of ClJptain Craig; it
of his men whom though very hun
ry he went through the Paul Pry under the eaves
would not allow to touch any thing but burnt and out through the 100f. The rebels took
It all up. There was considerable grumbling I to the woods on each side ofthe roað, which
amon
the men ale ut it. Poor Lount who at that time went much nearer than at
WM with thf'm. told Mrs. Howard n)t to present. Thomas Bell, who had charp;e (,f a
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OLIVE GROVE-- YONGE STREET.

mind Mackenzie, but to give them aU tl1ey I company of volunteers, said that on the
wa.nted >l.nd they would not harm her. mornin
of the battle a stranger hlJd asked
'fhey got through their dinner about dusk leave to accompany him. The man wore
and returned to thl' lawn where they had I a lcng beard and was rumoured to have
some barrels of whisky. 'Ihey kfpt up a b
en one of Napoleon's cfficers. Mr. Bell
regular or rather irregular tiring 11011 nig
t. saw him take aim at o?e of t
e retreating
The family were much alarmed, bavmg I rebels who was crouct.lng bebInd a stump
only one servant woman with them: the firing at the loyalists. Nothing could be
man Boulton had escaped for tear of being seen but the top of his hE'ad. The stranger
taken prisoner by t,he rebels. rhere the I fired with fatal dFect. The dead man turn-
men remained until \Yedllesday, when ed out to be a farmpr of. the name of Wed.
they returned to .Monte:omery's tavern man from Whitechurch. Mont
omery's
a mile or 80 up the road, where is now the tavern, a lare;e building on the hill side of
vil'age of Eglinton. Avout eleven o'clock I the roa.d, was next attacked and quickìy
in the morning, the loya.list force marched
vacua'ed by the flying rebels, who go'

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

533

into the words and dispersed. It was tnen
that M:lck nzið made his escape. Th'3
tavern having been the reb
l headQuarters
and the place from which Col. Moody was
shot, was set on fire and burned down.
The house of Gibson, another rebel rendez-
vom about ..ight mIles up the road, was also
burned. With that sma.ll effort the rebel-
lion in Upper Canada WIIoi crushed. A few
days after some fifty or sixty rebel prison-
ers from about Sharon and Llo,dtown were
marched down to the city roped together
two and two 1D a. long string. and shortly
afterwards came a vo:unteu corp3 com-
manded by Colonel's Hill and D
wson rais'3d
among the lo
cabin settlers in the coun1y
of Simcoe, c.lme down in sleighs to the city
where they did duty all winter. 'Vhile re-
treating eastward a par y of the rebels at-
temptêð. to burn the Don -bridï:ie,

d wo{.ld
have succeeded but for the det"rmined
flfroI ts of a. i\1rs. Ross, who put out the fire
at the expense of a bullet in her knee, which
was extracted by Dr. Widmer.

CHAPTER CLXXXI.
THE MAN-OF-WAR CHERotCEE.

.& ('alJadlnn-buIU Boa'
a' Cr111!Jed about
Lake ..'arlo durinl{ 'he Forth's,
The accompanying illustration shows the
man.of-war Uherokee, a gun-b::Jat familiar
to the inþabitants of Toronto, Kingston,
Niagara. and other points on L3.ke Ontario
during the forties. The Cheroke':J was built
at Kin
ston in 1843 or 1844, by Mr.
'1'ucker, the naval architect for the BrÏliil!h
Government in North Americ& at that time.
She was a wooden vessel. schooner rii;{ged,
of about eight hundred tons burden, and
was considered a lar
e vessel for those
days. Her engines, armament and com-
plf'te equipment were s;mt out from Eng-
land. Captain Harbo:tle, of the customs,
says that one of his companions on the
voyage to Canada from the old country,
when h;: came here to sc'ttle, was a youn"
engineer by the nam
of Stephen
on, a.
nephew of George Stephenson, who was
cominv out to take chare:e of the enaines
of the Cherokee. The - boat thev s
ileù
to Canada in was the Perkins, a little bri

from Bury.on-Tweed. The guns of tile
Cherokee were six and Dine pounders.
mu
le loaders. She carried a fua crew of
Imperial sa.ilors and marines sent out from
Great Britain, but she never to
k part
in any kind of an engagement. She cruised
&bout Lake Ontario, putting in every year
01' oftener at Toronto, where she wou
d
ancbor in the bay, dressed up in ma.n,of-war
style. Her commander w&! Capta.in Davis,

a \Velshman, and her first lieutenant was
a Scotchman, named Riccalton, who was
afterwards woundf'd in an engagement in
Afl ica. Dr. Pief ce was the SUI'!{eon. She
carried no midshipmen. On he: triP3 from
Kings'oll to Toronto and back again Cap-
tain Thomas Dick almost inval'iab:y piloted
her. His fee for this service wal! fi ve
pounds each way. but he thought himself
well compensatrd by the good time he had
aboard with the officE'rs, and he used to
distribute his pilot : ees among the meI.t.
After sailing about Lake Ontario for some
yea.r", the Cherokee was taken to H3.lifax,
.
nd after _þeing li
htened up was so:d to
Captain Gascon and E, M. Yen vood, late
of Kingston, wh
ran her between Halifax
and St. John's.

CHAPTER CLXXXIL
AN OLD LAW OFFICE.

'I'
1
Bulldln
OCCUplfHI by A.t&orney,G..n-
eral Robinson, 'Vhere M;my Famous :tlen
')tullied la \V.
On the north tide ot ,E'ront dtreet, jllst
west of Sherbourne street, stands the two
f3torey brick buildin
with agab'e rooffront-
in
the street, shown in tbe illustration.
Thh building was occupi'd by the Hon.,
afte
wards Sir. John Reverley Robinson, as
an üffice during the whole of his term as
Attorney General of the Province from 1815
to 1828, at which latter da.te he was made
Chief Justice. Thelowerflaor wa> the Attor-
ney Gzner",l's office; the upper floor was
occupied by his clerks and those who were
studying law with him, am'n.g \\ horn were
many who afterwards beca.me prominent
in politics and public life. ']:0 this building
Sir Peregrine Maitland and Sir John
Caiborne used frequentiy to stroll to dis-
cuss public matters with the Attorney
Genelal. There wa.s no lack or fun for the
students in thos) days. The water Ì,'ont,
aU open then, was visited by thousands of
duck's in the
pring and faU, and at the
mouth of the Don was royal salmon fishing,
a favourite method of taking the fish beiñg
with spears frQm sm3.11 boats carryiu" jack
lights in their bows. In 1828 or 1829
Chief Justice Robinson sold the building to
Mr. Meredith, who converted it intò a
residence. The blacksmith shop next do'b:r
is a comparatively modern structure.
AmonO' Mr. Robin'lon's students in this
bui\di
g was Willia.m Henry Draper.
His caref'r was a rather eventful one. Mr.
Dent tells us: .. He was born in London,
England, in 1801. His father was a clergy-
man and 1 ector of one of our city churches
there. During his early boyhood, beinga high

534

LAN I)MARK
OF TORONTO..

LAND:\lARKS OF TORONTO.

635

spirited youth he nmaway to sea and serve.!
for some time as a cadet on board an East
Indiaman. In his twentieth year. having
passed through his share of adventurel!l, he The Dome of John Beverley RebluoD. OD.
arrived in Upper Canada, and obtained a Collel(e A:Yenoe.
situation as teacher of a school at Port At 149 College avenue now stands &
Hope. He RubsE'quently studied Jaw, and white house, of frame, rough-cast, front-
w"s in due time called to the bar. He ing a picturesque ravine, overshadowed by
settled at. Little York, afterwards Toronto, ireat trees. This is SleepY' -Hollôw;-tIie
and devoted himself assiduously to bis pro- residence of the HOD. John BEverley Robin-
fession, He was endowed witll hi
h natural son. The house was built by Mr. Robin-
;\bilities and soon achieveù mecess. tIe SOD in 1849, and the 1oda.lity waR chosen
p09sessed a voice of grea.t fI. xibility a n-i I for two reasons. because of the nMural.
sweetness, and his manner proved very beauty of the situation, and beea.nøe the
effective bE'!ore jurors. No lawyer of hh lot adjoined too then cricket ,zrollnds, of
time in Ca.nada excelled him in the subtle I which sport it!! owner was and is an
art of persuasion, and his silver tongued ardent admirer and an expert player.

CHÃPTER èLXXXIIL
SLEEPY HOLLOW-

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ATTORYEY GENERAL ROBINSON'S LAW O:rI'ICE-FROYT STRBJl:T.

eloquence procured for him the sobriquet of The builder was George Shaw, tbe father
C Sweet William.' In 1836 he was returned of Alderman Shaw, and this was the tirst
tio the Upper Canada Assembly by the city buildin
he ever put up. In those days
of Toronto, and at the request of Lip.utenant Colle
e avenue terminated at the ravine.
GovernorSir Francis Bond Head he accepted which then st.retched across the rood and
the plaoe in the Executive Council of the northward to the west of the house and
dav, but without a.ny portfolio. Durin
of which a fra
ment remains in the Sleeþy
the reballion he served as aide-de-camp to H1)llow gro1Hlds. This rnine is dry now.
the Lieutenant Governor. In March, 1837 but in the fifties a beautiful Btream ran
he became Solicitor General, and h", retained through it in which trout disported. When
that office until 1840. when he succeeded Sieepy Ho!low was built it was surrounded
the Hon. Christopher A. Hagerman as by woods, which stretched down to Queen
Attorney General. A: Lord Sydenha.m's re- street, and the only house betwetn it and
qu!"st he ha.d consented to retain that office that thorough tare was The Gran
, now
in the fir,>t .Ministry of United Canada in the re5idence of Professor Goldwin Smith.
1841. In politics he was a Conservatiye The house presents the same appeara.I108
of a very pronounced cast. He was an up- now &s when built, with the exception of
holder of church and state doctrines. some additions pnt up about a dozen years
Henry and George Sherwood were also I &Q:O. Mr. Robinson has lived in Sleepy
students here, 80S were also Chad.es Richard. Hollow
ince 1849, tbe. only. interruption
son, afterwards M.P., for Niagara. and to his re81dence there being his occupa.ooJ'
Charles Howard, the crack shot of the I of Goyergment Honae during
e term Of
country at snipe and woodcock. his
overuorship of the province. Under

536

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

the trees which shadow the house many I his course of studies at Upper Canada Col.
important political . conclaves have been lege. He was one of the earliest smdents
held. To one gatherIng of thomantls there that attended this institution, a.nà had as
Mrs. R Ibinson came out and sang" Home, I preceptor the Rev. J, .tl. H1.rris, ita master.
Swe.et Home," with &treat eff
ct. A b:g A love of m Inly sportc and a splendid
birch tree in the grounds has heard ma.ny physique onaracteriz:,d the yúung student,
stir:ring speeches In
lectioueering times of and these have accompanied him through
tþ.e past, a.ud unaer It more has been spoken I life. At the aJZe ot seventeen Mr. Robin-
con<:erniug Cartier and Sir John than son was one of the aides-de-camp to SIr
aDder &ny other tree in Canada.. Among Fraucis Bond-Head, :tnd in this way was
the loca.l politicians who have often met broug-ht active IV in c )ntact with the troubles
there are: John Ca.rr, Dr. L:\wlor, Angus I of 1837. He accompanied the Governor
Morrison, Hon. Philip Vankoughnet, James from Toronto to Mont,
omery's hotel, and
G. Smith., CRarles Funer, Rob
rt Moodie was an eye-witness of \he battle and of the
and D. K. Feehan. The old house, once burning of Montgomery'e hotel a.nà Gibson'l>
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THE HOME OF THE BON. JOHN BEVERLEY ROBINSON.

o tar rem".,.eú. I.ro
the life of the city, I house. Fo'lowin't t
i
he was sent. with
18 now a.lIi!Ðst. In It! very heart, and despatches to the Bntlsh representative at
although the surround
country hils lost Washington, the journey to the United
itø primitive wild a8pact, still enough of States capit..n from Lewiston consuming
Jlature is left to uive a charm and Pictures- I eis!'ht days. He remained in Wa.shington
!ueness of ita own to Sleepy Hollow. for I!everalweeka, and on hill return to Up-
Its owner aDd builder, Ghe Hon. John per Canada joined Colonel Hill's regiment
Beverley Robinson, ex-Lieutenant Goyern,>r I at S:mdwich. in which he was a lieutenant.
ef the Province of Ontario. was b:>nl at and served a.bout a year. He then turned
the pa.terna.ì. homestead, Beverley Houile, to the study ot law, entering the office oj
Toronto, February 21st. 1820. He is the I Christopher A. Ha
erman. After spend.
name!!ske and second son of the late Sir ing two yeJ.rs WIth Mr. Hagerman, .Mr.
John Beverley Robinson, Baronf't, Chief Ro'binøon had his articles transferred tc
Justiee of Upper Canada. Mr. Robinson I James M. Strachan, of Strachan &Ca.meron,
was instructed in the primary branches by aZprominent firm in tholle days. Till the
wiva.t.e
ition, and afterwards completed expiration of his term he remained in their

LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

537

t>ffice, and a.t the E:i.stel' t
rm of 1844 was
cd.lLed to the bilr of Upper Canada. Not
lon
afterwards Mr. Robinson began prac-
tice at To."'011.to, and continued in the same,
formj

'
"T8T.} professicnal p:.rtnerships
till h;,
iÐtment to the Lieutena.nt-
Governor-hip oí OntariO, on the 30th of
June, 1880, succ
edinp: the Hon. Donald A.

lacdonald. Mr. Robinl\on wa.s connected The Bulldiu:: on tbe Soutb-wellt ()oroer or
with the projec
of building the Northern Tietoria and Queen 8treets.
R':li\roa.d. In 1851 he W&ð elected to re- For about half a century a builàing,
present St. Patrick's wa.rd, which, at that whir.h has recently been torn down,
time, induded the present wa.rds of St. stooa at the 9outh o west corner of Queen and
Pa.tri
k a.nd St. John, holding his RPat for Victoria streets. O:d T<?ron
o street
six ooml
LutÍ\'e years.

J Itrol Mr. R'Jbin- originally ran over part _ (If Its site, Y nn"e
son went to E'lglana, r..... there effected street in the early part ot the ce
tury, ex-
the sale of a m:ilion ".fi'" ct land in On- tnn ied no further than Queen street.
tario, now forml1
pt\rt ot tÌ1e County of When Y C'nge street was cut down to the
Haliburton. The Wesf;ern Ca.na.da BUild- , bay the old Toronto street to the east

rd
ing and Loa.n Associati..m, and the R,ssin of it was closed up, the prop
rty remall
I

Hous9. largely owe their e&tabJi"hment to in the hands of the Government. .LtU.

soÜcitor to the corporation of the city of
Toronto. He has held several offices in the
city and hag been president of St. George's
Society of T orOD to.

CHAPTER CLXXXIV.
AN OLD FOUNDRY.

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CHEYEY'S FOUNDRY.

him. Mr. Robinson was for a time Presi- Thomas Anderson, now of Eó1inton, bought
dent of the CIty lìouncil, and in 1857 was what is now the south-west corner of VIC-
elected Mayor of the city. At the next toria and Queen streets. About 1840, it
general election he wa.s a candidate for the was leased by him to Mr. Cht:ney, an
Torontl) represe 1tation in the old C.ma- American, for twenty-one years. :Mr.
dla.n Parliament, and was returned con, Cheney put up a foundry and for a long
jointly with the Hon. Gporge Brown. time carried on there, perhaps the mos' ex.
On the 27th of March, 1862, he became tensive business of the kind then in town. H.
President of the Council in tbe Cartier- afterwardli
a.,.e up the foundry, and went
Macdonald aåministration, holding that back to the United
tatps. 'Ihe buiidìng
ofice till the month of trby fOllowing. was next taken by Mr. Dexter,who convert-
In 1872 he was returned to Parliament fOto ed it into a mpat pa.cking establishment.
Algoma.. On the 17th of S.:ptember, 1878, and after him another man ca.rried on the
he was returned for West Toronto by a same business there. It was then rented by
majority 0: 637 votf'S over fhoma.s Hodgins, Octavius Newc:>Inbe who turned it into a
the Reform candidate, this being the seventh piano factory. Mr. Anùerson this year
.
ection he. ha.d run. in the interests of sold the property to the Confederation
his p1.rty ill the cIty of Toronto, H'J Life ïnsuraace Company.
represented West Toronto until his apo l
pointment to the Lleutenant-Governors'lip.
For a number of years M.,. Robinson was

óð8

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

'CHAPTER CLXXXV.

OHN DUGGAN'S HOUSE.

The BuU.llnK at tbe Soutb,eaøt (Jorner of
'l'lctol"la and R..:bmon.l.
The dilapidated frame structure shown in
the illustration stood on the south-east cor-
ner of Richmond and Victoria streets. It was

uilt _about 1
23,.by -!ohn);>

n,_ who
as
vrotber of George Duggan wh-Oli.,.ed at; tlie
soutb-eaat COrDer of King a::ld George
iltreets, and whose name is frequently me'
with in the history of the town. .John and
George had frequmt disputes about property
matters, fspeClaìly in l't'gard to thp house
at the corner of Richmond and Victoria
streets, and these di$putes often p.nded in
blows. George Duggan afterwards became
owner of the Richmond street houae..
After J ohn DU
J.!an ga.ve up the place as ..
residence,it became a tavern, and continued
as such untii down in,the forties. It then be.
came a tenement house, and is now used as
a ca.rpenter shop.

thp south- east corner of the block boundeu
by King, Adelaide, John and Peter streets.
The malO building was one hundred and
seven feet lon2 and sixty-six feet wide.
The hospita.l showed recessed galleries on
the north and south side. and a ß.a.ttÌsh
hipped roof. There were besidp.s two other
buildings attached at a later date fol' fever
patients. When the Houses of Parliament,
at the east end of the town, were destroyed
by fire in 1824 the Legislature for
several sessions met here. Durina:{ the
cholera scourge of 1847 horrible scenes were
witnessed, aud ma.ny of the attendant8 wert'
stricken down, amongst them Bishop Power,
of the Roman Catholic church, and severaL
prominent medical men. A comment on
the hospita.l, published in 1850,
ays that
.. the site is pleasant and the rooms and
halls spacious and airy. The number of
patients in the hospital may be said to
gener-aily average about one hunàred. The
internal arrangement is very complete, and
the patiient
, besides beinf( well provided

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.JOHN DUGGAN'S HOUSE.

CH
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-c r:iXXV; '- I for with regard to di
ta.ry, ha.,.e t
benefit
. of the .,.ery best medical ø.nd Bur2Icai atteu-
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL- tion. This institution has acquired a d'9-
_ j servedly hi
h reputation, a.nd is resorted io
'l'he Old Structure on IUD&, Street. aad tbe by invalids from all parts of Canada, and
Present Buildings on Gerrard. in some instances from the lo1rer provinces
Not long after the close of the war of 1812 and the United States. '.lhis institution
Dr, Grant Powell superintended the erec- , is liberally endowed with lands situated
tion of a general hospital at York. By his wuhin the city limits, in addition to &
direction & spacious, plain, two-storey, red
yearly parlia.ment&l'J'
aDt of f.75o.
brick structure, standing precisely east and, Peuons labour
uuder alUornn c>>.dlsease
we.t and mrth a.nd south, was erected at' are admissible in
the hOB.I 011 the

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

339

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LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

order or recommendation of a trustee or
medical attendan[. The re
ident surgeon,
Dr. Clarke, live;! in the building, ae well
as the s"eward, matron and nurses, of
whom we are informed there are about one
to every ten p \tien ts. " The old King
street hosnital continued in use until the
erection of the present hospital on Gerrard
street, after which the 1uilding was torn
down und nearly on its site WQ.S erected a
row of brick dwelling houses. which have
since been united and converted into a
hotel.
The s
cond and present Genera.l Hos-
pital, which is s8cond to none in the
Dominion, occupies a space of four acres,
on the north side of Gerrard street east,
between ::;pruce, S.lckville and Sumach
streets. The hospira,l buildings, constructed
in a rectangular shape, are one hundred and
seventy feet by one hundred and tW( nty.
The main building is constructed of white
brick with stone dressing:;, and is three
storeys high with mansard roof, and a
central tower one hundred feet hi!h, and
smaller towers at each angle of the tront
pu:no.t.Ð _h'07.d.

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PLAN OF OLD HOSPITAL GROUNDS,

elevation. It is us
d for the accommoda-
tion of ordinary medical and surgical cases,
and contains seventeen or eighteen public
wards, beside a number of private wards.
The oDerlJoting theatre is in the centre,
"\nd is fi lnked on either side by a wing.
Connected with the main buiìding J by
bridges on each side, are the fever hospital
and the Mercer eye and ear infirmary-the
former on the west and the latter, which
also oontains the apartments of the medica.l
superintendent. on the east. In the north-

west angle of the grounds is tha Burn:;ide
lying-in-hospital, which is supported by
voluntary contributicm by the fees of
students in attendance al:d a yearly govern.
ment grant. Thi
bui!ding, as well as
the eye a.nd ear infirmary and the fever
hospital, is of the same style and materhl
as tile main structure. Between the lying-
in-hospital and the main buildings is a
s[ructure which serves as a resart dur-
inj;t the day tor convalescent patients, and
immediately to the east of this are mol'.
tuary, laundry and other buildings. The
wards are roomy and well velltilated-
ventilation having been a subject to
which especial attclltion was paid in
the construction of the edifice.
Tile old gen
ral hospital was of red
brick. \Vhen the old building was torn
down many' years a
o, a portion of the
bricks and part of the woodwork were
used in the construction of the row of
brick Luildings. which stood at the cor-
ner of Kinl! and John IItreets. Thill row
for a long time W:JS known as the
" bridal row" from the fact that during
t he first year of their completion nearly
everyone was occupied by newly married
couples,

J

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CHAPTER CLXXXVII.
AN EAST KING STREET BUILDING.

The Brick Store No. 192 King Street, Be-
tween Gt"or::;e and Fredc"lck street...
The two-storey brick building standing
on the north side of King street, No. 192,
between George and Frederick streets,
was built about the time of the rebellion,
and was a good substt:.ntial and commodious
structure, and for that matter stilI is. In
1844, it was a tavern, kept by a Mrs. Loder.
At on
time the :MIsses MiIlilZan occupied
it as a dressmaking establishment. Later
it was occupied by MI'. Ritchie, tbe plumber,
his shop being in the front, and his foun.}ry
at the rear. It is now occupied as a flour
warehouse by B. Barclay. ,At the east
side is noticed a swinging 'tate, susJ}
nded
between it and the adjoining building to the
ea.-twa.rd, the two being separated by an
alley. This adjoJiniug buildin!Z is a two
storey brick house of ab
ut the same a
E' as
192. Many yea.rs ago a Mrs. Flight kept
a furniture store there. La.ter it was a.
taY'ern with a baUroom in an extension at
the rear and recently it has again become a
furniture store Both buildin
s a.re good
specimens of the class of brick structure
erected during the first yearll of
l:oron
o'.
existence a. a city.

--.;.- -

LAND
IARKS OF TORONTO.

641

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MRS LODER'S TAVER
-1844.

CHAPTER CLXXXVIlI. I was at Kingston with his troops. On
HOME OF THE DUK- OF KENT. Gov:ernor Sim
oe's ohoice of York as his
_ c:. capital Captam Shaw adopted the new
Sketch .r Oak Hili a Loll; (:ablll Where the settlement as his home. and in 1793, at the
Father of Queea"'lctorJa Lived Durla
l east side ot Garrison Creek, near the water's
Hili Residence In York. e::lge, put np the first house built there, and
Up to about a dozen years ago, when it resided in it for a time. h was a small log
was torn down and used for firewood by the. cabin or block house, and was popularly
occnpants of a neighboring house, there known as "Lambeth Palace," this being
.tood III the north-west part of the city an the name of the official residence o! the
old log cabin interesting historically for Archbishop of Canterbury on the bank of
many reasons. It was one of the first build- the Thames. In 1812 the knoll on the east
ings erected in York, and was for a time the side of Garrisoil Creek was covered with
residence of the Duke of Kent on his visit buildings for the accommodation of troops
here. In January, 1792, when Governor in addition to the barracks within the fort.
Simcoe was on his wa.y to his new g"Y'ern- Eastward were the surgeon'!I quarters, and
rnent his wonder and admiration were ex- Lambesh Palace was converted mto the com-
cited by a gallant and daring exploit rnandanfs office.
of Captain Æneas Shaw, who marched in IN RECOGNITION OF HIS SERVICES
the depth of a rigorous winter from New Captain Shaw was rewarded with grants
Brunswick to Montreal on snow-shoes of lacds in various parts of the province, and
at the laead of hit! division of a regiment among ot;hers 500 acres north of the garrison
known as the Queen's Rangers. So great at Toronto. Here, in the midst of a foress,
did the achleY'ement seem to the Gover. aìtogether remote from any other building,
nor that he reported it in terms of he erected a lo'! cabin a little less than half
praise to Sir George Y onge. who was then a mile north of what is now Queen strees,
Secretary of War, and after whom Yonge and several hundred yards north-west of
street was named, Captain Shaw was a Trinity College. Here, on the com-
Scotchman, of Tordorach. in Strathcairn. pletion of his new home, he took Ul' his
He did good service for the British in the residence with his family, surrounded by
W, r of the Revolution, and at the close of woods of pine, black and white oak, bass-
that contest came to Canada and joined wood, maple. hickory, beech and ash,
30vernor Simcoe. In the summer of the through which a rou
h road wa.s cut down
vear that he made his perilous march he to Lambeth Palace. In memory of hit

542

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

ancestral home in Scotland Captain Shaw I from its commencement. In what high
Damed hi<; Canadian estate O.\RhilI. With esteem he was held may be inferred
th.e increa.se of his family came the need of from the fRct that in 1799,on the occasion of
a new and larger house. and about 1797 or I Governor Hunter leaTin
York for a visit to
1798 he built another and better residence a Niagara, he left the administration of his
little to the eastward of the log cabin This government in the hands of a committee
was of frame, and ....asthefirstprivatehouse I consisting of the Hon. Peter Russell, J.
of that ma.tp.rial put up at York. The Elmsley and Æneas Shaw, the latter of
"uildine in the accompanying iilustra.tion is I whom is deßcribed as b::in:r 80 man of grea.t
the original 102 house. The land in this vi
our and decision. In the account of the
part of the town remained 80 compa-ratiTe prMPedinlZs of the District school, August
wildFrness for many years, and in 1 7, 1816. when a sort of literary entertain-
1806 tbere were only three h0uses mem was given, we read tbat parts were
in the woode north and west of tbe I a"signf:d to \Varren Shaw and DJ.vid Shaw.
,arrlson, and they were sepa.ra.ted from one 111 the Gautte and Oracle of August 13,
another by 10nR di!!tances. Thpy b
ion!!ed 1808, Ihe reader finds the announcement of
to 001. Shanb, Oa.pt. Shaw and 01>1. Givin!l, th' marriage, Monday, AUj;1;ust 8, of Miss

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THE RESIDENCE 0'" THE QUEEN'S FATHER AT YORK.
Oakbil1 b
ing next eastward of Cn!. G:vin's I ISdb31la Sha.w, one of Major-Gen. Shaw's
p'ace which ,vas known ag Pine Grove and dn.u!lbters, to John Powell, the ReT. G.
'Westward of Co1.Shank'::;. C pt. Shaw beca.me I O. Stpwart officiating, and the editor
one of thl' most prominent men in U rp 'r remarks concerninv the aliiance that II this
Cana.da and rose to the rank of Majr>r. matrim0nial connection of the amiab:e par-
Ganp.ral. He served Canada. in both IL civil I ties we think I eplete with, 80nd we wish it's
and military capacity. He was a memb
r of productive of the most p'r-fect human hap.
tlte lpgis:atin and executive C 'unci],. a.nd piness." Another of Mal Gen. Shaw's
in late years .vas known as the Hon. Æneaø daughters Wi l 8 MIs. Sophia., the jiancu of
Sha..... Up to 1871 th
bouse which he 1 M Ij. G:m. 3ir Isaac Btock, whose marriage
built at 0 khill was occupied by Capbdn waS prevented by that cfficer's untimely
Alexander Shaw. one of his del>cend8onts. de;\th at Que nston. In this rude log cabin
From tbe Hon. Æ leas, Shaw street derives I was entertained no le88 a p
rsona$te than
llil name. Major-Gener8ol Shaw was the Duke of Ke'lt, father of the Queen. In
. pew-holdM ÌIl St. J !Iomes' church the spring of 1792 Prince Edward, after-

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543

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

wards DUKe of Kent, was makin
his first
tour of Canada, during which 1 he G"and
Lodge of England appointed hIm Grand
Master d Ancient MAsons in Lower Ca.n-
ad!!.. On this trio he made a journey to
Ni..gara Ft,lls, &nd was entertained at .Navy
H dl by Governor Simcoe. When he 1eft
for Queb c the town of Niagara was bril-
liantlv illuminated in his houour. Soptt-m-
ber 12uh, 1799, the Duke arrived at H,j,lifax
on the Arethusa, after " passage of forty-
t
ree dA.J's from E:

IH.n
, and in I
02 he
visited York, making bis quarters a' Oakville.

CHAPTER CLXXXIX.
THE CAWTHRA HOUSES.

'l'he Rom..a and Buslne"s Place!! of a Mil.
lIonalre Famtly of IJpper (;anada.
The ori
ina.l home of the Cawthra family
was a amall wooden building, at the north-
west corner of King and Sherb3urne streets,
which was totally destro:t'p-d many years
ago. In the Gautte and Oracle of J unp.
21, 1806, Mr. Cawthra, senior, thus ad-
vertises :-
"J. Cawthra wishes to intorm the in-
habitants of York and the adjacent coun-
try that he has opened an apmhecary store
in the house of A. Cameron, opposite
Stoy
ll's tavern, in York, where th
public
can be øuppliëd with most articles in that
line. He haa on hand 801&0 a quan\ity of
men'I!I, women's and children's shoes and
men's ha.ts. Also, for a tew days, wfll
be sold the followin
articles: Table knives
and forks, scissors, silver watches, maps
and prints, profiles, some linen and a few
bed ticka, tpas, tobacco, a few ca.sks of
fourth proof cognac brandy, and a small
quantity of lime juice. and a.bout twenty
thousand Whitechappl needles."
In th
foilowing November another adver-
ti"'fm
nt announceã that he had just o.r-
rived from New York with a general as,
sortment of apothecary articles, patent
medicines and d rv.goods, consistin
üf
" broad cloths, duffiLs, flannels, swansdown,
corduroys, print, d calicos, J(ingbams,
cambric musLin
, shirting, muslin, men
and women's stockings, sijk handkerchLfs,
ba.ndana sh:lwls, pulicat and pocket hand-
kerchiefs, calunancoes, dimity and check;
also a large assortment of men's, women's
and chilã en'ø shoes, ha.rdw1\re, coffee, tea
and chocolate, lump and lo..f sugar, to-
bacco, with ma.ny other article
, which he
is determined to sell on vel'Y low terms, at
bis storf', opposite Stoyell's tavern." This
Ihoyell's tavern ha.d fvrmerly been the inn
C)f Abner Miles.
U Immediately acroY, at the corner, on

the l!Iouth side," as Dr. Scaddini tells us,
"was a d..pot insilitnificani enough, no
doubt, to the illditl'erent pa.sser-by, but
inve3ted with much importance in the eyes
of many of the early infa.ntiles of York,
Its windows exhibited, in addition to a.
scattering of white clay pipes and papers
of pius mspended against th
p:mes for the
puulic inspection, a diøplay of circular
discs of gingerbread, aome with plain, lome
with sc
llop
d edges ; 80190 hearts, fishes,
little prancing ponies, parl'ots, and dogs
of the s...me tawny hued material; also
endwis'3, in tumbler
and other glass ves-
sels, numerous lengths or stem3 of pre-
pared succÎ1arine matter, brittle in sub-
stance, white looking, but streaked, and
sliihtly penetrated with some rich crim-
son pigment, likewis
on p:a
es and oval
dishes, a collection of quadrangular viscous
lump'>, buff coloured and clammy, eB.ch
showillg at its ends the bold gashing out
of a stout knife, which mUS1i han been
used in dividing a I'ope, as it were, of the
tenacious substance into inch sections or
parts. In the wrapping pd.per about all
artic1es purchased here there was always
a suspicion of the homely odours ot boiled
sugar anà peppermint. The tariff of the
various comestibles just enumerated was
well known; it was precisely for each
severally one half-penny. The mistress of
this establishment bore tbe ScottIsh name
of Lumsden-a name f ",miliaI' to us lads
in another way-also being constantly seen
by us on the title pa.
es ()f school books,
many of which, at the time referred to,
were importt'd from Glasgow fr:>m the pub.
li:,hin
house of Lum!'!den & Son."
Ai a later period Mr. Cawthra moved to
the building at the north-west corner of
Frederick and what was tben Palace, but
is now Front street. It wal!l in this build-
ing that, in 1804, was born the Hon,
Rohert Baldwin, son cf Dr William Warn'n
rlal
iwin, and Attorney-General in 1842
fJr Upper Canada. "It was also in tbe
same hou!!e, prior to its occupancy by
Mr. Cawthra, senior," as Dr, Sca.ddjn

a
ain tel s us, "tha.t the prin-inv op -rations
of Mr. William Lyon Macke, z' e were car-
ried on at the time of the destructIOn of his
press by a p1.rty of young men who con-
sidered it proper to take some spirited
notice of the criticisms on the public acts
of their fathers, uncles and supel'Íors gen-
era.l!y, that appel\re I
vel'Y week in the
columns of thE' Colonial Advocate, a violent
act memorable in the annals of western
Canada, not simp'y as having been the
means of establishing the far tunes of an
indefatig;\ble and powe.-fuL journalist, bot
more notably as nresf'ntin2' an uncon5c;ous

544

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

illustration of a general law observable in
the au!y development of communitipp,
whereby an element destined to elpvate
and n'generattl is on its first introduction
resisted and sought to be crushed physi-
cally, not morally. Somewhat as the
white man's watch was dashed to pieces
by the Indian, 8.S though it had been a
sentient thing conspiring in some myste.
rious way with other thin
s to promote
the asce:Jdancy of the strange. The youth- CHAPTER CXC.
ful perpetrators of the violence referred AN OLD MILITARY ORDER BOOK.
to were not lon
in learning practically
the futility of such exp!oirs. Good old Cop(p" or Orders Bnd Df'MpBtche
from the
:Mr. James Baby on handing to his son, UrlsrtDBIJlanu!lcripl Order Book now in tbe
Raymond, the amount that youth was re... PO!!øeRston 01 A.. (;. JlacdoneU of TOI.OD&O.
quired to paV, as his share of the heavy The fol1owing orders and despil.tches are
llamac:es awarded, as a matter of course, ta.ken from a manuscript order book of the
by thë jury on the occasion, is said to have war of 1812 now in the possession of Mr. A.
added-' Therp, go and make one great C. Macdonell of this city. The ProTincial
fool of yourself a
ain !'-a piece of ad- Aide-de-Camp ot Major General Brock,
VICe that might have been offered to each whose name is appf'nded to the first
of the parties C0nc rned." Mr. Cawthra rlpspatch
s is Lieut.-Co!. John Macdonell of
was one of the pew,holder:1 in St. York,whofellwithGen.BrockatQueenston
James' chUl'ch, from its establishment and was there buried with him. Of interest
in 1803. His na.me is found 1\mf)nl:{ the will be found the order for the funeral pro-
si2:ners of the complimen tø.ry address pre. cession of the two slaiIt officers. - Ænea.s
senteà to Govern()r Francis Gorp, on his Shaw, the A. G., is the senior officer spoken
return to Canada. in 1815. Another mem- of a few chapters previously as havinK enter-
ber of this millionaire family was John tained the Duke of Kent. He had already a
Cawthra, long enga
ed in business at N
'w- great reputation, which was enhanced
mal keto He was the first representative throughout this war, though he waa most
in the Provincial Parliament of the County lunadviseàly a8sicrned a position at the
of Simcof', after its separation from the I siege of York by General Shea.ffe wholly
County of York. In 1812 John Cawthra, unfitted to him, Many of the
eneral
and his brother Jon'J than, were among orders, it will be noticed, are. dated
the volunteers who offered themselves t
r a.t York, the headquarters in Upper
the defence of the country. At Detroit Canaòa for a great part of the period con-
John assi3ted in conveying across the sumed by the war. Others of the orders
ri vel', in scow
, the heav, guns whi.:h relate to the militia of York and adjoining
were expected to be wanted in the attack districts. 'J.'hroup-hout the whole s-eries will
on the forr. On the slopes at Queenston everywhere be found occurring the nemes of
Jonathan had a hair-breadth escapp. At men more or Jess conspicuous in the early
the direction of his officer he moved from history of York. The order book is inter-
the rear to bhe front of his compapy, esting not only aq forming a prominent parI;
givinp p'ace to a comrade, who, the fol, at an exciting time of the local history of
lowing initant, had a portion (\f his Jeg '.roronto but a.lso of the national hi--tory of
carried :\way by a shot from Fort Gray, the Do
inion of Canada. The following
on the other side of the river. Also at are the orde"s :_
Queenston, John, after pers
>nally caution- Head Quarters, 28th June, 1812.
ilJ2' Colonel Macdonell a
alnst rashJy ex- M.G.O.
posing himself, as he seemed to be doing, b
was ca:led on a few minutes afterwards His Honour Major General Brock has een
to aid in carrying that officer to the rear, pJeased to make the fonowing promotions
mortaJ:y wounded. Another member of a.nd appointments in the First Regiment of
the .'.me family was \Villiam. Hi'! name Lincoln Mi:itia, viz:- Captain William
is amono: the first scholars entered upon Robertson to be major, vbI' Muirhead re-
Ihe books pf Dr. Stuart's Home District sÍ{rned, Adjutant J ohn Cjar
to be V('ut
n-
School iu 1807, In 1872 he wa.s among ant, vice John SecOf'd appomted to Major
the subscribers to the fund for completing Merritt's Troop of Cava:ry.
St. James' church, according to the plans By ord
r of the General.
üf Mr. Cumberland, the architect, donat. (Signed.) J.Macdonen, P.A.D,C.
in!! one thousand dollars. The C"awthra Here foltow quite a number of letters and

nouse, at the corner of Frederick and
Front street--, was de;-troyed by fire
rn'l.ny years ago, and thus no trace is
left of the buildings where the founda-
tions of a great fortune were laid. A
later rt'sidence of the Cawthra. fami:y
was at the north-east corn r of King and
B-;;'y streets-a stone man. ion of s
bstantial
structure-now occupied by Molson's Bank.

T..ANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

545

orders from Fort George, signed Tho!'.
Evan, B. Major.
The next order is marked No. 23. It
reads :-

Nia
ara, 10th July, 1812,

M.G. Order.
Major General Broek ha.ving received
information that a large portion of the
troOp3 assembled on the opposite side of the
river have retired, and bein
anxious to
afford the militia every indulgence com.
patible with the safety of the province,
o"ders that onE' half of each corp3 or co:u-
P:l.lly now on duty be permitted to return
home on furlough.
Officers will give preference to those
whose presence on thpir farms are most re-
quired to bring in their harvest. A propor-
tion of om 'ers will also be permit.ted to
return to their hom
s who will as far as
possible adopt measures to secure the return
of the men to their duty whenever their
services are required.
The men will receive rations according to
the distance they ha.ve to travel, but during
their ab
ence they "ill not be entitled to
payor rations.
The arms of such men as obtain leave of
absence will be left in charge of the com.
manding officer who will take care that such
of them a.s do require it will be repaired
immedia.tely, and that they are deposited in
the most secure place.
By order of the Major General
, J. Macdonell, P.A.D.C.
Twelve daYl!Ilater this order follows :-
Head Quarters.
Niagara, 22nd July, 1812.
Militia General Ord
rs.
M ljor General B:'ock having ascertained
that a very considerable number of the
enemy have actually invaded this province,
is under the npcessity of directing that s1.1ch
men of the diff
rent fhnk comp:mies of the
several regiments of Vncoln Militia as are
now absent upon f
rl()u
h or otherwise, b]
immedb.te:y ordereu to join their respp.ctive
companips. and that tht'se compa.nies be con-
tltantly kppt upon their full establishment.
TÌ1e Major General is fnr; her plea8ed to
direct that the whole of these diffc'rent
regiments be orderE'd to hold thtm3elves in
constant readiness for actu"l service.
By ordp.r of the Major GeneraL
J.MacdonelJ, P A D,C.
The next of -the Jrarriøon orders lignèd by
Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonell are dated
from Fort George.
In one of them the name of Colonel Tal.
bot, who was a familiar figure of and very
popular resident of York, appears.
Un July 'I.b, 1812, is found the follow-
ing :-

35

Adjut.ant-Generai'
Office,
Niagara, 4th July, 1812.
Major General Brock has witnessed with
the highest satisfaction the orderly and
re
ular conduct of such of the militu as
have been called into actiye service and
their ardent desire to acquire military in-
struction. He is sensible; h'l,t they are ex-
posed to great pl"ivatione, and eve
y effort
will be immediately made to supply their
most essential wnnts, but such are I he cir-
cumstances of the country that it is ab301ute-
ly necessary that every individual should
have recourse to his own means to furni sh
himself with blankets and other necessaries.
The Major General calls the serious at-
tentiC'n of every militia. man, to the efforts
making by the enemy to destroy and lay
waste t
is flourishicg country; they must
be sensible of the gl"eat stake they have to
contend for, and wiil by their conduct con-
Vince tbe enemy that they are not desirous
of bowing their neck" to a foreign yoke.
The Major Genera.l is determined to devote
his best ener
ies to the defenc8 of the coun-
try, and has no doubt that supported by
the zeal, activity, and determinllotlon of the
loyal inhabitants of this Proyince he will
Buccessfuily l'epel every hostile atta.ck, and
preserve to them inviolate all that they
hold dear.
From the experience of the past the Major
General is convinced tha.t should it become
necessary to call forth a further proportion
of tb.e militia to aid their fellow subjects in
defence of the country, they will come for-
ward with equal alacrity to share the danger
and the honour. -
By commanà of the Major General.
-
Æneas Sha.w.
Adjutant-General,
In August orders are dated at York.
they read &S follows :-
York, 3rd August, 1812.
D. General Orders.
Lieutenant-ColoneL :Myers, will a.ssume
during the absence of Co ond Procter, the
command of the district of NiaRara.
Major General Shaw having offergd his
services in any manner in which they may
be USt ful, Major G 'nerat Brock iH 1>lell.sed
to a-ppoint him to command between Chip-
pewa and the Sugar Loaf, Colonel ot militia
with the pay and a.llowance of Lieutenant-
Colonel.
It is understood that no officer in the
militia. when embodied, will receive
a :hi1ther rate of pay than Lit'utenant
Colonel, a.nd that cfficers of every rank are
I;ubject to the l-amB deductions as the line
including the income tax.
By command of the Major General.
J. B. GleR
A D.C.

y ork
4th August. 1812.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

546

D. G. Of(
ers.
Major General BrocK has been pleased to
appoint Mr. WiiIÏt\!t1 Stanton to act as pay-
master to tne militiR. of the York district.
By order of the .M aJor-General.
J. B. Gle
g. Captain, A.D.C.
The above order has written across it. in
red ink, the words :-" .Res
indcd,7T " Ca.n-
celled," a.nd theu come!!! this order :-
York. 5th August. 1812.
D.G. Orders.
The business of the Commissariat at this
Post having decre'l.sed. Major Genera.l Brock
appointed Mr. Willia.m Stanton to act as
payma.ster to the militia. for the York
district until further orders. Mr. Stanton
is to receive no p \y for performing this duty
other than what he derives from his situa-
tion in the Commissariat departmeut.
By order of the Major General.
\J. B. Glegg, C:l.pLain A.D.C
The next order (If any local ìnterest, is
dated at Fort Amherstburg, and reads:-
Head QU<lrters.
Fort Amh,'rstbur
.
Aug:ust. 14th 1812.

D, General Order!!!.
Major G
neral Brock announces his ar-
riyal to the troops quartered in the westel n
district, and directs officer!!! in command
willimmedia.tely transmit returns to their
respective corps.
Th
Major General congratulates the

roops on the evacu \tion of the count.y by
the enemy. He h persuaded that nothing
but the :õpirit ma.nifested by those who
have remained doin2 duty and the judicious
measures adopted by Colonel Proctel' have
compelled him to so di
graceful a retreat.
Colonel Elliott and M Ljor McKee, and
the officers of the Indian department are
entitletllo bis best thanks for their judic.
ious manavement of the Indians and for th.

ex lmple of gallantry whICh they have uni-
formly shown before the enemy.
The Majo[' General cannot avoid express-
ing his surprise at the nnmerous desertions
which have occurred from the ranks of the
militia. to which circumstance the lon2
!!!tay of the enemy on this Bide of the river
must in a great m
aøure bs ascribed. He
iø willing to believe that their conduct
proceeds from an anxiety to get in their
harvests, and not from any prf'dilection for
the principles or goyernment of the United
&t),t68. He requests officers commanding
corps to tran
mit to him the names of such
militiamen as have remained faithful to
their oath and duty, that immediate mea-
aures md.1 be taken to dischhrge their arrears
Ðf pay.
The enemy being still in the neighbourhood

the whole physical force of the country will
be employed to drive him to such a distance
as will insure its tranQuillitv.
Offi
ers commanding miiiti9t corps are re-
spollsible that every individual bound to
embody himself according to la.w do im-
mediately repair to his station, in default of
which he will be treated a.s a deserter. and
subjected to all the penalties of the new
militia act.
Captains Muir, Fal!an, ami Chambers.
41st Reuiment. Captain Glesrg, 49th Regi-
ment,Captain Mockler,Np.wfoundland Regi-
ment, and Capta.in Dixon. Royal Engineers.
are appointed to the rank of Majors so long
as the local service in which they are em-
ployed continues.
The troop
m the western district will be
iormed into three brigades. the first under
Lieutenant-Colonel St. George. to consist
of detachments of Royal Newfoundland
Regiment, and of the Kent and First' and
Second Regiment Es-ex ,Militia; the sf'cond
under the command or Major Chambers.
consistin
of fifty men of 41
t Regiment.
and the whole of the detachment of York,
Lincoln. Oxiord. and N ortolk miìitia; thp.
third brigaàe under tbe command of Major
Fallan will consist of the remainder of the
41st Regiment.
Colonel Procter will have char
e of the
whole line under the orders of the :Major
General.
James Givins. Esquire. late Captain 5th
regi'llent, is appointed Provinchl Aide-de-
Camp with the rank of Major in the
.M.ili tia.
By order of the Major General.
(Signed.) J. B. G1egg. Major. A. D. C.
From hea<iqu'tfters at Amherstburg dated
Augu
t 18, 1812, Aide MacdoneH, who ha.s
now reached [he rank of Lieutenant-Vol-
one]. announces that II the rf:ports which
have reached Major Genera.l Brock impeach
in so serious a delitree the charactE'r of 80
many (,fficers of the Fjrst and S
coDd E
Bex
and Kent regiments of ml1itia, that his
Honour has thought proper to app:>int a
court of inquiry in order to ascertain by ø.
r, gular process such QS have by any act or
neglect of duty during the invasion of this
distri Ii by the enemy. forfeited their cla.im
to the character of officers and gentlemen."
Colonel James Baby is to be p.'esident of
the court martial, and Ma.tthew Elliott and
\Villiam Caldwell. are to be members.
Head Qu 'rt
rs.
Fort George. 26th August, 1812.
MiHtia Genelal Orders.
Major Gnn ral Brock has eyer felt anx-
ious
o study the comforts and convenience.
of the militia, but the conduct of the de-
ta.chment which lately accumpanied him to

LANDUARKS OF TORONTO.

547

Detroit, has if possible increasEd hi!! anxiery
on t is subject. The present cessation of
hostilities enables him to disp
nse with the
sel vice of a lar,!e proportion of them for a
short period. The .Major General is pleased
to direct t.hat a general inspection of the
re
dments in the Home, Niagara, and Lon-
don distr-Ïcts be immetliatel,. m:\de.
M;ljon Genf'ral S le"ffe will in-pect them
in !;he Home D strict, except Colont:l Beas.
ley's rf'giment,Major General Sha.w the 1st,
2nd. 3!'d, 4th, and 5th Lill
oln Regimen's
and the 2'ld Regiment of York Militia, and
Colonel Talbot the different re,giments in
tbe Lo .don distl'ict.
At these inspections enry man liable to
eerye is expected to be present, and such all
are absent are to be acconnted for under
the following heads:
First. Age and infirmity.
Second. Quakers, Mennonists, and Tun-
kers.
Tbird. Absentees, f1istinguishing from
what cause. · .. · · *
By order of the M
jor G!?neral,
J. Macrlonell.
Lieutenant-Colonel Militia. P.A D.C.
On the first of September the following
is issued.
Head Quarters.
York, 1st Sept_mber, 1812.
MiJitia General Order".
Major General Brock has been pleased to
direct. that of the mi:itia as han lately re-
turned from Detroit, and who have received
leave of absence shall receive pay and ra,
tions till the 24Gh inst. ,should tbeir furlough
'30 long continue.

By Order.
J. Macdonell.
Militia, P.A. D.C.
Major General Brock is to issue but few
orders more, and Colonel Macdqnell is to
ai
n but few. the last in thE! book to which
either
f their names is attached is tbis.
It bear;;; no date, but it is evident that it
was issued but a short time before the
death ot these tWO gallant officers. It is
written in a cramp d hand and rpads:-
Fort George, October, 1812.

D.G, Orners.
M jor GenE:ral Brock directs that no com-
munic;ttion b:, held. with the f'nem! by fl'g
of truce or otherwise than by his special
permission, unlelils such an occurrence f!bould
arise as to reuder dt-lay pr(Jju1licial to the
service, of which those in command of pusts
to be the solt: jud"es.
It is nnderstootl tbat in th
boat captured
on the mornlllg of the 9 h from the enemy
arm'" of various d. Bcripti. ns were found
which han not been accounted for. Major
General Shaw ." 11 illBtitute the necessa' v

inquiry, and return t lem to the M'ljor Gen-
era,'a disposal. and it must be cJearlyunder-
stood by eVt'ry officer and lIoldiet" that pro-
perty t.
ken from tbe enemy must, be rl'port-
ed to the Major General before they can be
applied to any purpose, and that arms in
pal-ticu'ar are to be at all times received for
the public service.
Major Genera.l Brock received Major
General Shaw's report of the spirited con.
duct of the troops and militia on th(' moming
of the 9,h, with tbe utmost eathfaction.
Major P"ll was particu:arly conspicuous
and he has much pleasure to find that the
wounds he received on that occMion are
not lik .Iy to dt'prive the service very long
of hIs
allant exertions
This order is not signed and below it Ì8 a
post!lcript unsi
ned also which reads :-
A district court martial is to as,emhle a'
Queenston at 9 o'clock to-morrow morninc
for the trial oi such prisoners a.s may be
brouibt bt-fore it- 41st R 'giment, 1 Sub.
altern, 49tb Regiment, 1 Ca.ptain a.nd 1 Sub.
801 tel n.
A few da.ys later Major General Sir I
ø.a.c
Brock, and Lieutenant-Colonel John Mac-
donell were k.illed together at Queenston,
and their fUlleral and buria.l took place
together. Tbe following is the order hBued
for the funeral.
Fort G
ont(',
16tb October, 1812.

D.G.O.
The procession Cor the funeral of the late
M ljor General Brock and Lientenant-Col-
one, MacdoneJ, will be arranged in the fol.
lowing order, and will leaye the Govern-
ment House fur the place of internment ai
10 o'clock this day :-

Fort M:tjor Campbell.
60 men of the 41st Regimen
, with on.
Sub'dtern.
60 men from the militia, witb one Cap-
tain.

I'wo Six Pounders.
GeneraPs borse Caparisoned, led by w.
groom.
Servants of the General.
Surgeon Moor. J)octOI' Kerr.
Staff Surgeon Thorn.
Captain A. Cameron

Lieut. Jal'vÎ$

.g
Lieut. Robinson. ()
Lieut. Ridout

JosephEdw&rdsE q-g c5 Captain Crook.
ÇQ:)
Chief MournHs.
Alexander Ma.cdone,l Esq.
Mr. Dickson. C",ptain Cameron.

648

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

Cot Cìaus Militia.
Major Merritt,
Dea'!'oons.
Capt. D,.nnis.
49tÌ1 Regt.
Capt. Vigoreaux,
R. E.
Brigadp M .jor
Evan;;.
Chief Mourners.
Major General Shpaffe Lieut. Colonel Myers
Eas'n Coffin A D.C. LieU'. Fowler, 41 Regt.
Civic Stð.ff
Friends of the Deceased.
Inhabitan s.
The offi
ers will wear crape on the left
arm, and on their sword knot, and all offi-
cer.3 throughout the Province will wear
erape on the left arm for the space of on('
month.
Captain Ho
craft will be
leased to direct
that millute 2uns b
fired from the period
of the b dy leaving the G()vernment House
until its arrival at the place of interment
and also ilft::r the funeral service shall have
been P 'rformf'd, three rounds of seven guns
from the Artiliery.
By Order. Tho.:!. Evans. Brigade :Major.
The next order is dated York. It rea.ds:-
Head Quarters.
York. 21st October, 1812.
Mr. \Villiam Stanton having been ap-
pointed to act as pavma
ter to the mili:;ia
in the York district, on the 3rd August he
will receive the regulated pay and allow-
anc(s of the appoin'ment from that day
inclusive until Íurther order.;!.
By order of Major General Sheaffe,
J. ß, Glegg, Captain. A. D. C.
Then follow orders from Niagara, and
Fort George, m!J.ny of them bein
signed by
Æneas :Shaw. Adjutant G::!neral of Militia,
none being of especialmterest except this one
from Fort Geor
e :-
N :>vember 4th, 1812.
A royal salute to be fired at Fort G<Jorge
at 12 o'clock to morrow in celebration of the
splendid and glorious victory achieved by
the allied forces of Great Brita.in, Spain,
and Pllrtugal. commanded by General Mar-
quis \Vellington, over the army under the
command of Marshal Marmont. This brii-
liant victory was gained. on the Tormes near
Salama-nca on the 22nd July by the comp ete
defeat and rout of the French army with
the loss of their artillelY and upwa.rds of
ten thousand prisoners taken in a pursuit of
three 8ucc
ssiYe days. The loss of the en-
emy in shin was immense.
By Order. THOS. EVAN:!!, B.M.
, The next order is from York.

<':01 Butler, Militia
15
Col. Deve\\- zy,
.
g 41 Regiment.
;g
Capt, Holcra.tt,
õ - R. Artillery.
>> f: Cap
. Powell,
'"g 8 MilitiA. Artillery.
j:Q
Capt. Glegg,
A.D.C.

H ad Quarters.
York. 29,h October, 1812.
General District M litia Order!!.
A commul:Ïcation having' been made to
Head Qllarter8 by the Commissariat stating
the existing difficn;ty in procuring forage
for the wants of the militia cavalry now
embodied, M,\jor General Sheaffe i!i' pleased
to call upon t.he commandil'g officers at
York, Fort Georg.', Kin'!'sLOn. PrebCOtt. and
Amher8l burg, fOl' a return of the peeLent
es,ablishmen and distribution of dragoons
withm their reFpective commands.
The M..Ij0r General requests that an im-
mediate report moY be transmitted from
each of the above pOcJts, stating whether
any, and what r
duction may be made with-
out producing any prejudice in the service.
:By order of His HODour.
:M .jor General Sheaffe,
(Si
lIed) J. B, G..gg, CaptaiD, A.D.C.
The next order CO'lcerns a York regi
nt.
Adjutant General's OffilJe.
Fort Geor
e, 5th November, 1812,
Militia Gener
1 Orders.
His Honour Major General Sheaffe is
pleased to direct that th9 general order of
th' 26th October 1812, respecting appoint-
ments in the 20th .Re
iment York, be
cancelled.
HiB Honor is pleased to make the follow-
ing app intments. viz ; 2nd Rt>giment York,
Georlle H Ditlor, G
nt, to be EIl
ign, 26
h
October. 1812 DavId Beasley, Gent, to be
Ensign, 5th November, 1812,
Æneas Shaw,
Adjutant 3eneral Mi:ïtia.
In a Militia Generai Orders, dated Fort
George 7th November'1812, General Shaw
announces that Major General Sheaffe has
appointed Andrew Mercer to be En,ivn,
vice McMahon promo:ed in the 3rd R.gi-
mpnt ot York, to take effect from O.:tober
21st, 1812.
In an order given at Fort George. N ovem-
ber 13,1812,signed by Genera.l Shaw, Ludoe
vick \Videm
n, gentleman, is appointed to
be ensign in the ht regiment of York.
In the latter part of November appears
this order :-
D. G. 0 eden.
F.JrtGeorge,27th Noy., 1812.
There not being stoves Buffic:ient for' the
troops in general on this frontier and at
York, no stove is to be issued to, or
left in possession of, an officer for his use.
By order,
(Bigneù,) Thomas EVans.
The next order concerns the Y t)rk militiA,
and lik
nearly all the subsf q nent oraen,
is sÏli!ued by Gen. Shaw. It reads :-

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

549

A,ljutant,General's Office,
F. rt George, 16 h Dec., 1812,
Militia General Orders.
His Honour Major.General Sheafff', being
p:eased to p
rmlt the ß.j,nk c( mranies ot
the 1st and 3rd regiments of York militia
to return for a tIme to their rcspective
homes, a muster will be ta ken of them on
their arrival at York previous to their dis-
missal. They wi,! be given to understand
that their services may
\g
\in be required
at the shortest notice, but one.third ot the
number of each company will be relieved
by an fqual number from their respective
bathlions previous to their being again
called out, and the non-commissi(lned offi
cers and private men who may be balloted
from the battalions for this service will be
allowed credit for the time which they have
been out in the battaiion companies. The
officers of the respective companiet1 will once
in a. fortnight make an inspection of the
state of the a.rms, ammunÌlÏcn ..nd accou-
trements which the men have t.. "heir pos-
sessi on.
B., command of Æ.S., Adj. ,Gen. Militia.
Officër commanding tne
Militia at York.
The:: following promotions are made in De-
cember :-
Ad j u tan t-General's Office,
Fort G;:or"e, 28th D"c., 1812,
)lilitia G neml Orâer..
His Hon. Maj,)r-Ge::neral Sheaffe is pleased

make the followinQ' promotions and ap-
pointments in the 2nd re!!impnt of York:-
Ensign William Chisholm to be lieu ten
ant, vice Kinj;C, deceased, 25th December.
1812.
George Chishoim, gentleman, to be en-
sign. vice Chisholm, promoted, 25th Decem-
ber, 1812.
John K. Simons, g('ntleman, to be ad-
jutant, Tioe Brady, who retires, 25th D..:-
cember, 1812,
Æ!le'i.!! Shaw,
Adj t. -Gen'l MIlitia.
In the beginning of 1813 sevpral orders are
issued from headquarter.s at York; they are
as follows :-

H
ad Quarter!'!,
York, 22nd February, 1813.
Militia Genera.l Order.:!.
Hi,; Honour Maior-General Sheaffe hds
been plea
ed to make the following pro-
motions and appointments :-
1st Regiment. Glengarry.
Lieutf'nant Donald McGillies to be Cap-
tain, 22nn Fehrua.rv, 1813.
Mur10ch McPherson, gentleman, to be
LieU1;enant, 22nd February, 1813.
Alexander McGillies, gent eman, to be
Lieutenant. 22nd Febl nary, 1813.

Lewis Chisholm, gentleman, to be Lieu-
tenaut, 22nd Februuy, 1813.
Donald McPnerson, i1:entleman, to be Lieu.
tenant, 22nù February, 1813.
Alexander
I D:mell, gent.lpm:i.n, to b.
Lieutenant, 22 Id February, 1813.
William Urquhart, gentleman, to be En-
si,{n, 22nct February. 1813
Donald Fraser, gentleman, to be Ensign,
22:1d FehrualV. 1813.
John 1\-1 Kenzie, gentleman, to bc Quar-
ter-Master, 22nd Februa.ry, 1813.
Æueas Shaw, Atijt..Gen'l Militia.
Circula.r.] York, 22nd Februa.ry, 1813.
Mi ilia General Or del's.
As often as l,fficers in command of regi-
ments may find it neceS3ary to recommend
officers for promotion to his Honour the
President or person administering the Gov-
ernment of this Provinc p , str ict attention
will be given that such offi..:ers are recom
mended according to their seniority in the
regiment. Should there be any case wherein
it might be proper to depart from the fore-
going rule, it must be stated for his Honour's
determination thereon.
In future, when a.n officer is desirous of
resigning, his appiication in writing must
be transmit! en to this (Jffice thruu'Ch bÏ8
commanding officer.
By order,
Æuea.s Shaw,
Adi .,G.'n'l Militia..
Head Quarters, York.
2nd March, 1813,

:\lilitia General Ordel s.
His Honour Major.General Sheaff. has
been pleased to make the following promo-
tions and appointments, v'z. :-
1st Regiment, Y urk.
Lieutenant Ruben Richardson,'tobe Cap-
tain, 25th D
cember, 1812.
Lieutenant JeremIah Travis. to be Ctl.p"
tain, 25th December, 1812.
Lieutenant James Fenwick, to be Cap-
tain, 25th D
cemb'r, 1812.
Ensign George Mustard, to be Lieuten-
ant, 23th December, 1812.
Sergeant John B
stwick, to be Ensigo,
25tb D
cember, 1812,
Sergeallt \ViLiam Tyl
r, to be Ens;
n,
25th December, 1812.
Serg-eant Andrew Thompson, to be En-
sign, 25 h D -cember', 1812
S..r
Eant Henry Pringie, to be Ensil:{n,
2:5th Decemb
r, 1812
Sergeant Thoma.s H1mpton, to be En.
sign, 25th D..'cember, 1812.
Serge
\nt Arad Smalley, to be Ensign, 25th
D<:<.ember, 1812.
Serllean
Elisha H LIley, to b
.Ensign,
25th December, 1812.

550

LA
DMAR.KS OF TORONTO.

Ensign John Bostwick, to be Adjutant,
25th DecembE'r, 1812,
Æl1eas Shaw,
Adj t. -Gen'l Militia.
Assistant Adj t. . General's Office,
York, 4th March, 1813.
Militia General Orders,
His Honour Major-General
heafle is
pleased to appoint William Gilkison, Esq.,
Assistant Q,Ii!.rtermaster Gt'nel'!.I.l in the
Johnstown and E""stern district, with pay
and aHowances of a captain, and fora.ge
for one hor&e, with an allowanr.e of one
.hilling and six pence ,. day for a clerk.
ßy order,
(Signed,) John Johnston,
Asst. Adj .-Gen'l Militia..
Head Quarters, Y urk.
5,h March, 1813.

Militia GE'neral Orders.
His Honour Mi'jor Gpneral Sheafte has
been pleased to order tha.t an issue of pro-
vi8ions to the w, yes and chilrl,ren of the
dficers, no!t-commissioned (ffieers, and
pl'lvates of the militia, during the period
that they are actually on duty, shall be
made in the same proportions as to the
trooDS of the line. From the 25th of Febru-
ary Íast these r..bons are not to be pJ.id
for.

By Order.
Æ'leas Sha.w,
Adjllt"'Dt G,.neral Mtîtia.
Hean QuarterE. York, 5th M.lrch, 1813.
Militia. Geut:.ral Orders.
Hi,; Honour Major General Sheaffe directs
that the otlìcers heretofore acting under the
Adjutant úencral, shall in futur
be styled
Adjutant G men,l of the Militia. as Deputy
Assistant Adjutant Generals.
By command.
(
igned.) Juhn Johns
on,
Assista.nt Adjuta.nt General Militia.
H .ad Ql
arters,
York, 5th March, 1813.
Militia General Orders.
It being a.n object of the first importance
that the equipment of the Militia. tllat may
be employed on service on the Niagara
frontier, shall be as efficif'nt as possible.
His Honuur :Major Genera Sneaffe is ple
\sed
to direct that thd arms, ac
outrements,
blankets, great coats. packs, haversacks,
canteens, in the poss3!'sion of those not on
duty, shan be immedia.tely collect.ed and
conveyed to the p03t on the Nia
a.ra lIne,
for the inl'lp",ction of Lieutenant.Colone
Bis"hopp, In-pecting Field Officer 01 Militia.
Those in Do-session of the Lincoln and 2nd
York Regiments of Militia, will be im-
mediately deliYered in a.t those posts which
may be most convcmen' with regard to
.eir relative situations. Receiptg tor those

articles in triplicate are to be prepa
ed for the
signa.ture of the commanding (fficer of the
post at which they may be delivered, or
of the storekE'eper or other person who may
be appointed by the commanding offic,;r to
receive them. One' receipt is to be Irans-
mitted to the Quarter Master Geneml, or
in his a.bsence, to the Assistant Ql1 \rter
Master General, one to the commd.uding
officer of the r
giment, and one to be kept
by the person
mployed to deliyer the
articles. Lieutenant Colonel Bisshopp will
extend his iUl!pection to the arms, acc ,utre-
ment,;, and allll.rticies of equipm nt, III the
possession of the mi'Ìt;a on duty on the
Niagara frontier anq will take neces<ary
steps for having all thp. arms, accou "rements
etc., put immediawly inio a seryiceable
state, for which pU' pose Brigadier General
Vincent will give
uch order!:! as may be
required_ Nune of the articles above des-
cribed are to be taken away from the trûn-
tier by anyone who quits it, unless it be
for the purpose of gOl1lg on duty.
By Order.
Æl1eas Shaw,
Adjutant General Militia.
Head Quarters,
York, 5.h March, 1813.
Militia Genera! Orders.
His Honour Major General Sheaffe has
been plea.sed to appoint Francois Rtby,
E quit 1', Assistant Qua:-ter 1Ia5ter General
01 Militia, for the western district, from
the date ot his nommation l,y Lieutenant
Colonel St. George, to act in that depart-
ment, (and subs qu
ntly approved by his
Honour the late Major General Brock)
with the pay and allowance of captain, and
forage fOl" one horse, and an alluwanr.e of
one shilling and sixp9nce a day for a clerk.
Ey Order,
Æll.:!as Shaw,
Adjutant General M litia.
Adjutant General's Office,
York, 6th March,1813.
Militia GenerdL Orders.
Ilis Honour :ruajor General Sheaffe has
been pleased to make the foìlowiug promo-
tions and appointments.
Third R 'gimf'nt York.
L eutenant \Villiam Jarvis to be Capta.in,
25th December, 1812.
Li utenant John Robinson, to be Captain,
25 h Dt"cembE'r, 1812,
Ens gu William J;\I vis, to be Lieutenant,
25th December, 1812,
Ensign \Villiam Smith, to b3 Lieutenant,
25th Dec 'mber, 1812.
Ensign John Sc
\rlet, to be Lieutenant,
25:;h De
tmber, 1812.
Ell
ign John \VIll'lon, to be Lieutenant,
23th Dccember, 1812.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

551

Charles Denison, gentleman, to be En-
sign, 25th December, 1812.
Edward Thomson, {!ent:eman. 1:0 be En-
sign, 25th December, 1812
-Thomas Humbersto.., gpntleman, to be
Ensign, 25th D cember, 1812.
GeorgI" Kuch, gentleman, to be Ensi
n,
25th D
cemLer 1812.
'William Huntin
ton, gentleman, to be
gò.sign, 25th Decembe.., 1812.
Æneas Shaw,
Adjutant Geneml Mi1itia.
H ad Quart rs,
York, 14th March, 1813.
Miiitia General OrdQI's.
His Honour M Ijo\' General Sheaffe has
b
ell p.eased to appoint Stepuen Jarvi
,
Esquire, to act a
Assistant Arljuta.nt
GClIeral to the Militid. forces during the
absence of Lieu enant Johnston, and to be
stationed at York, ulltill further 01 del's.
He will ré
eivecap;ain's pay and allow-
ances, and foraQ'e for one horse, and one
shilling a.nd flixpence a day for a clerk.
By Ordp.r.
Æ leas Shaw,
Adjutant General M litia.
Hea.d QU'lrters.
York, 19w Md.rch. 1813.
Militia General Ord rs.
His Honour the M.jor G:meral comm1.nu-
ing, has been p f'a"t d to appoint Captain
JfLrYÌ8 of the 3rd Rp(1'iment of York, ro Ibe
Assista.nt Qm\rtec .M s er General to the'
Militia forces. He is to be statiC\ned at
York, till iurther orders. He is to receive
captai 's p:\y and allowances, and forage
ror_
ne hor
et .and one shilling and sixpance
a day for a clerk.
The officers attached as assistants to the
.. Adjutant. General's and Quarter - Master
General's department!> a.re to ra.IJk as Cap-
taim in the Militia., if not possessed of high-
er f3.nk.
The (ffic rs of the general staff ot the
militia 11.1' ' to transmit their return'! in tbe
proper form, and periods for the allowance
in Jieu f)f forage, to the head of the Quar-
tel' ,Master General's dep,\rtment of his
Majesty's forces in this province. Those
of regimen ,11.1 officer
entitled to receive
it are in like manner to be sent to the
Quarter.Mdster Geueral of the militia,
through the respective As-istant Quarter-
Master Generals of diatricts.
By order,
Æneas Shaw,
Asst. Adj r. .G, n'l Militia..
Head Qu Irt"rs,
York, 26th Ma.rch, 1813.
Jrfilitil'l. Genera.l Orders.
From the 25th of this month, inclusive,
pay is not to be char2éd for more than

the following proportion for each company
called on duty, viz : One capt..in, one lieu-
tenan t, one en. i
n, three sergeanb, t hreo
corpora.ls, ODe drummer.
By order,
Ænea,g Shaw,
Adjt.-Gen'l Militia.
A foot note r<:marks that this order was
sent to Fort George, Sa. l1 dwicb, Kingston,
Fort Erie, Prescott and York,
Head Quarter!",
YO!k, 30th March, 1813.
Mili'ia General Order.
His Honour the M jor-Genera.l command-
ing is pleas.ud to appoint Ellsi{!D Brooks,
of the 3rd re1;!iment of YorK, to act a.s Adju.
tant to the militia ill this garri:ooD, and to
receive pay and allowances as Euch un ti

further order.<.
Sergaant MitcheU, of the Ro
l New-
foundla.nd Regiment, is to ac.t as Serge&nt-
:!\:hjor to the miiitia in this garrlioD, and to
receiye the difference of pay as such trll
further order s.
By com:na.nd,
Æne
s Shaw,
Adjt. .Gen'l Militia..
Head Qnarters,
York, 3rd April, 1813.
Militia General Orcler

His Honour the M jor-Geneml c.)mmand-
ing is pleased to direct that a òetachmen.i
of the militia consisting of one major, one
captain, one lieutenant, one ensi
n, three
sergeants and sixty privates b formed, to
join a detachm< nt of troop" of the line, to
be sta. ioned at Jones' and houses adj;tcent
at the head of the lake. The under-
mentioned re
iments will fnrnÏ8h the follow-
in" quota. :-
:Maj. Cap. Lieut. En. Ser. Pte
2nd reg-. York. 1 1 20
4th" Linc
n. 1 20
5th" Lincoln. 1 1 20

1111360
His Honour approves of Captain William
Cro(,ks for this detachment, and direct.. tha.t
active, inteUigent subalterns be selected.
The arms and accoutrements coùectcJ by
Colonel Beasley, (it no-t sent to F"rt Gef)rge,)
directed to bP tra.n
fened to Major 8imons,
will furni-,h equipments to the det&chment
from tbe 2nd regiment of Yark.
By or<Ì
r,
Ænea.s Shaw,
Adjt,-Gen'l Militia.
Adjutant Gellera.l's Office,
York, 8th April, 1813.

Militia G. O.
His H0nour M ,jor-General Sir Ro
er H.
Sheaffeò has been pleaaf:ld to ma.ke tbe follow.
ing appointments:-

552

LANDM.ARKS OF TORONTO.

Third Regiment, York.
George D nison, gent
eman, to be Ensign,
8th April, 1813.
John Di!/on, gentleman, to be Ensi
n,8th
April, 1813.
Thomas Denison, genrÌeman, to be En-
sign, 8th April, 1813.
-- Quesnel, 'lentleman, to be l Ensign,
8th April, 1813.
These officers will do duty whfn called on
as supernumeraries, until vacancies arise in
the regiment for tþem.
By order,
Ætleas Shaw,
Adjt.-Gen'l MiJitia.
An order iSSUEd at York a few days pre-
vious to this, on the 3rd of April. annrunces
that at a curt-mar ial held at Kingston,
from the 8th to the 21th of March, the fol-
lowing pi isoners were tried :--Capram John
HoweiI, of the Prince Edward militia., for
defrauding his company out of a part ûf
their provisions, was dismissed from the
militia. Ensign --Benjamin -b. Spencør, of
the Lennox militi
, for absentin
himself
from his piquet without leave, woos sen-
tencpd to be publidy repr'imanded. Theron
Gun, private in Oaptain Hawley's com.
'J)any of Addington militia, tor attempting
to desert, was sentenced. to be transported
as a telon for seven years. Zachariah
Shoefelt, private in Captain Hawley's com-
panv, for attempting to desert to the
enemy, wa.s sentenced to six months'im-
prisûIlment in jail, two months on bread
and water, and four months on his usual
allowance. James H \Dnan, private in
Captain Robins' company of Frontenac
militia, for a.ttemptinlZ to desert to the
enfmy, waH l!Ientenced to be shot to de
\th,
but Major General Sheaffe commuted hi",
sentence to transportation for life, Amos
Wright, pt"ivate in Oapt. Markland's com-
panyof Fronter.ac Militia tor attempting to
desert to the enemy, wa9 sentenced to spven
years' transportation as a f. Ion. \Veit
Wlie-ht. private in Capt. Robina' r.ompany
of the Frontenac mt ith, for attemDtin
to
def*!rt to the enemy. was sentenced to
transportation for three years as a felon.
T-heJl c,omes this order :-
Head Quarters,
York, 16th April, 1813.

Militia G. O.
The proceeding. of' å court .of inqUiry,
Leld at York on the 10th instant, to ex-
amine and report on a. complaint of Lieu,
ienallt-Coloncl Chewitt, against Lieutenant
John Wiison, of the 3rd reg-iment of York
mIlitia, havinj;t b en la.id before his Honour
the M
jor-General commanding, he has to
obsel've th
\t by the documents which have
been under the examination of the court,

the conduct of Lieutena.nt Wils('n appears
to haye been hie:hly reprehensib' e. How-
ever improper in itself, or wounding to his
feelings, may ha.ve been what Lieut.-CoI.
Chewitt said or wrote to his disadvant'Ä.
e.
it would be no ju4ification whatsoever of
the very indecorous and insubordinate ex-
pressions contained in his letter to Lient.-
Col. Chewitt, his comm'tnding officer,
dated 30th March last. When Lieutenant
Wilson thought himselt aggrieved. the mode

o ob ain redress wal3 to lay his complaint
In the rlgular way before a superior officEr,
from whom he mig-'It b
a.ssUl'ed he would
recei\Te it. His -Honour trusts that the
ob,ervations which he has made will ba con-
sidered by Lieutenant \Vilson as a just
reproot, and that it will have a propel.
iufluence on hi!!! future military conduct.
By order,
Æneas Shaw,
Adjt.-Gen'l Militia..
Head Quarters,
York, 14th April, 1813.

Militia G. O.
\VilIiam Huntington, of the 3rd rp
ìment
of York Militia, is appointed Q Ilarter-
M'tster-SerKeant to the mi.itia at thiH post.
H
will receive the usm\l pay and a.llow-
ances as such from the 6:h ini!'tant; inolu-
sive.

By order,
Æneas Shaw,
Adjt. -Gen'i Militia.
Head Quartet's,
Yark, 20th April, 1813.

Militia G. O.
His H'mour the M ,jor-General command-
ing has b
en pleased to ma.ke the following
appointment :-
Second Regiment, York.
Henry Beasley, gentleman, to be Ensign,
5th Much, 1813, By order,
Ænt'as Shaw, .Ar1jt.-Gen'l Milith.
Heaàquarters, York, 22nd April, 1813,
SIR :-Y ou are hert by ordered to cause
a j;teneral court-ma.rtial to b9 assembled at
K.ingston, for tlw trial of Lieut. Patrick
Smyth, of the Frontenac militia, and of

uch other prisoners as may be broug-ht
b
fore it. Lieutenant-Colonel Allan Mc-
Lean will sit as Pr..sident, and Captain
Corbett will act as D pu'y Jnrlge Advocate
of the court; and the President, ttie mem-
b 'rs and the acting D 'puty Jud
e Advocate.
are to ba
overned by the clauses of the act
or acts of the L
gislature, provided in
such cases, and in no wise aN they to
deviate thereÏ1 om.
(Signed,) R. H, Shel1ffi',
Maj. -Gen. anrl President,
By order, Æneas Shaw,
Adjt..Gen. Militia U. C.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

653

Adjutant Generai'" Office of Militia,
Head Qu ,rters,
Yor:t, March llth, 1813.
:Mil itia Generai Orders.
A board of accùunts is to be assembled at
York, to examine into and report on all
claims for dishursements or for services per-
form
d for Militia purposes in the Home
and Nia.gara. districts. Pal ticular attention
is to b
p.lid to the production of authorities
and vouchers.
His Houour M Ijor General Sheaffe is
plea.sed to nominate to be the members of
the b.)ard, M1.jor A'laD, Captain D. Cam-
eron, and J.B. Robinson.
The commandinj;t (fficer of the Garrison of
York, wi!. appoint non membels to rep' ace
such as by 11.1 Y cause are render ed unable
to attend to the business of the board.
(Sie:ned.) By Order.
Then follow a numbp..r of orders dated
Kingston. 'l:he next order issued at York
is in December. It is as follows:-
York, 13th D
cember, 1813.
D. General Orders.
S
rj;tpant Thomas Hutton, 2nd Battalion,
41st Rpglment, is avp ,inted to act as
Hospita.l Steward at York, untï: further
orders.
Offic
rs commanding corps are reminded
that no non-commissioned ùfficers or soldiers
app:Jinred to any situation detached from
his corps is HabIt' to be removed from that
situation, or ord
red to rejoin his regiment
by any authority inferior to that by which
he mð.V have been appointed.
His Honour the Lieutenant General and
President, haTing directed a party consist-
inlõ; of one cat)tain, two I';ubalterns, and fifty
meD, those of the 1st and 3rd R:giments of
York rniJitJA., to be called out for the pur-
pose of being employed in cutting down the
wood in the neighbourhood of this post,
under the direction of the engmeE:r officers.
The offi
er comma.nding at the post will
be pl('ased to e:ive åirections for the nec
s.
Bary accommc.dation, being forthwith pro-
vided for this party and it IS thE: Lieu t .-
General'
p'lort cular desire that the officers in
command at the station should give his
occasional attention to the comfortable
accommodation as far as may be practic-
able, and to the reg'ular provisionine: for
this as well as all future parties of the
I!edenta.ry militia which it may Le neces-
sary to can out, either for the purpose of
performlllg garrison duty or of otherwise
aiding by their labour the defence of the
p!ace.
It is hisHoDOUr's further'direction that an
a.dequa.te pecuniary allowance be made to
\he m n while employed in cutting down
the timber. Major General Procter will be

p'eased to
ive SUGh furtMr directions on
this subject as may coDsideJ:l fiecE'ssai'1 for
carryin
the Liel1tenanb General's wisbe.
into effect. By Orl:er.
(::5ign
d.) J. Harvey.
Lieutenant.Colonel. D.A.G.
Head Qua.I'ters, Upper (Jazta.da.
York, 13th Dec9mbel', 1813.
D. Geneml Orders.
Tbe Lieu enant General commandin
,
and President, has been pleased to appoiu t
Christopher A. Hagerman, Esquire, to be
Provincial Aide-de-Camp to his Honour,and
to confer the Provil!cial ra.nk of Lieutenant-
Colonel on Mr. Hagerman.
(Signed.) J. Harvey,
Lieutenant-Colon",l, A. D. G.
York, 17th Ma.y, 1813.

Sir:-
The present situation of affairs r
ql1irini
that every supportsiumlà be"iven ihemagis-
tracy in th
due ext1cution of their duty so
that good order and, tranquilli
y ma.y be
preservld in this part of the province, it be-
comes necessary that a body of militia. be
assembled to consi!'t of one captain, two
subalterns, three sergeants, and
\hirty rank
and file, at such place on Y onge street a.
you may deem most proper, to be at hand
when called upon fOt, the abo,,"e purposes.
The attachment will be plø.ced unde!' the
command of CaptLlin Selby, a.nd two actiye
and discreet subalterns mu"t be selected to
assiF.t him. Mr. Commissary Crookshank
will make the necessary arran
ements for
provisions. I have also to desire that mea-

ures may be taken to ascertain the num-
h I' of Hms in possession of the men of
York Regiment, and a return of $bese
transmitted to me.

I have etc., etc:-
(Sie:ned. ) Æ. S., A. GenE:ral
Lieutenant-Colonel Graham,
Commanding 15t Regiment York .Militia..
The last documents in the book are letters
writen after the close of the war, relatinl
to questions of pay, pensions, deeertions,
and general mattc::.rs, both of a military and
le_al aspect, and are mostly written from
York, and are signed by N. Coffin, Lt. Col.

CHAPJER CXCI.
THE LESSLIE STORES.

Plact'!I or Bps.neslI!
aD Entprprl!iin
Firm
or EarJ7 Yerk Merchantll.
Of the ea.rly storekeepers of York per-
haps the best known to the people of to.da).,
especially the older inhabitants of To-
ronto, was the firm of L
8slie & Sons, eta-
tic.ners and druggists. Originally from
Dundee,these merchantses:ablished stores"

M4

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO,

York, Kingston and Dundas, where they deal t I plexipg, as the town was not named Toronto
8ucce8sÎully in books and drugs. The m"m. in 1822. The intention simply was to indi-
berø of the family thus engaged in bU!\iness c!l.te. he year of the founding of the firm
were Edward, thE' father, and his sons' j ' in the two towns. the first of which assumed
John, JameFJ. William and Joseph. It the named of Toronto at the period the
was in 1822 that ,this family "f e?terprising I medal w8;8 really struck, in 1834. ,On the
merchants EstablIshed one of thmr bra.nchEs obverse It bears a figure of Justice with
in York, bui1din
for themselves a brick scales and sword j on the reverse a. ploufTh
store of tWO-lI.nd-a-haif stories, with ga.ble with mottoes, .. Prosp'rity to Canada
tI
facing the roadway, on the north side of , Ir La Prudence et la Candeur," A smaller
King street. one door west of Frederick token of the same firm is extant on which
street, and adjoining the premises of Alex- , Kingston is insert d between Toronto and
del' Wood, another old-time merchant. Dundas. In this store, npar t.be corner
The shop was one of the earliest brick I of Frederick street, the York bra.neh of the
buildings in town, and when erected business was carried on until 1841, when
was one of the mos!; palatial and fashion- the firm built a new brick bnildiw{ further

I ÏI
I

..........' . '(.. , -:
I'j'--
=- ==.1 :;' -

--
:;

It l -=- -
-.._-=

-. !}
.

. . t'
_ a!IiI I
. -

:-:....1. t"...-

. ---==-
-==:;,....- --==

LESSLIE & 80NS' STORES,

,
able øtores in town. A flight of SIX steps I wes
. on
he site now occupied by Rice
led up to the entrancE' in the centre of the I LewiH' new building, and which remained
bont, on either side of which was one until a year or so ago. On removal here
8P&C;OUS window. There were three win- the title of the firm became Lesslie & Bros.,
ðowa on the npper fl Jor and one in the 1 being composed of John and James,
peak of the 'table. Of the three establish- , although Joseph assisted in the conduct of
ments of the' father and brothers the one the business. The latter 2entl man became
at Kin!!ston wae mana!?"ed by William, the 1 postmaster of Toronto. Mr. H,ncks, after-
one at YMk by James. and the one at wards Sir Fr&ncis, was a gentleman who
Vunåas by John. Joseph was iu the York had emigrate:! to Canada with the 1Ot8n-
arore, as was his father also. The left 1 tion of engaging in commerce, and really
8i<<k of the York shop was devoted to dlUg Cl , did so. for in Walton's directory of 183

the right to books and sh.tionery. The I may be read for No. 21, west side of Y on'Ce
title of the finn originally at Dundas and I street, "Hincks, Francis, whoÌesaIe ware-
York W&S E. Lesslie & S008. Th3re eXIsts house. II Bot Mr. 1iincks' attention was
a bronze medal or token of good design, I drawn to the politieal condition of Canada.
sought aftar by collectors, bearing
e especially to its finance, and in 1838 he
legend U E. Lesslie & Sons, Toronto and established and edited tbe Exammer, 8.
.Dandas. 1822." The date ha.ø been per- neWllp4per w1rich acquired
t influence

LAND
1ARKS OF TORONTO.

555

at York. It was founded by Mr. Hincks,
as the ad.-oca.te d Responaible Govern-
ment, and eventually became the chief
organ ot the Reform party. W hen its edi-
tor and proprietor occupied office. as In-
spe
tor-General in the G'Jvernm nt as re-
constructed unåer Sir Charles Hagot, in
1842, the p'lper paEsed into the hamis of
Joseph and James Le!i'slie. who eonducted
it With Charle. Lin.say in the editorial
chair. Under their m'ionagement the Ex-
aminer was issu d in the rear of th

seconll King street building, the store occu-
pying the flont. The Examiner con
inued
to be the chief advocate of R form in-
terests until the founding of the Globe
in 1844. From tha.t time forward its in-
fluence waned, though it continued to be
poblished J and, surviyed long enough to
become the mouth-piece of the Clear Grit
party. At a later date the old Examiner
office was occupied by William Lyoll Mac-
k,';lzIe, as a printing (,ffice.
For a tinlf', and at an early period,
William Lyon Mackenzie was in the book
and drug business at York, and after-
wards .t Dundas with John L sslie. He
ha9 1eft on record, in the Colonial Advocate
of January 21. 1828, the following state-
ment: "My first occupation in York was
mercantile. I had the profits of one pJ.rt
of the establiEhment in this town, which
was resi
ned, when I went into p
rtner-
ship in tra.de in Dundas." Mr. Lindsay,
his biographer, says: .. In York Mr, John
L&sslie a.nd he were in the book and dru

bu.siness, the profits of the books going to
Mr. Leaslie, and that of the drugs to,Mr.
Mackenzie. It was found. I believe, that
physic for tile body was in greater demand
than e-a.rniture for the mind, a.nd the ques-
tion arose of findinl1: another p
ace at which
to establish a second businpss, in which Mr.
Mackenzie and Mr. lohn Lcsslie were to
be partners. TI,e business in York was
afterwards conducted for the benefit of the
rema.inin,g partner. Kinvston was thoul1:ht
of. but Mr. Mackenzie (!id not like the
place, and Dunda3 was selected. Here he
conducted the bu
iness of the partnership
for fifteen or sixteen months, d.uring which
time I have heard him say a clear cash
profit of ælOO 11o month was made. In a
printed p .:ster I find the firm styled: 'M,\c-
kenzie & Lesslie, åruegi9ts and dealers in
hardware, cut:ery, jewellery, toys, cR.l'p'n-
ten,' too1ti, nails, I1:roceries, confectioneries.
dye stuffs. paints, &c" at the circulating
library, Dunda.s.' The partnership was
diSl!olvec1 by mutual consent in the ear'y
put of 1823. A division of the copartner-
ship effects was made, anù in papers whIch
have been Dreserved Mr. Maokenzie aD-

pears as a purehaser from the firm of
Iac.
kensie & Lesslia, to th
amount of æ686 199.
3id, The goods iI!cluded in this purchase
were a.s miscellaneous 80S can weil be im-
agined, and they were destined to form
the nucleus of a sepal'ate business, to be
ca'ried on by Mr. Ma.ckenzie. The in-
voice is headed: 'Dundas, U. C., 24th
February, 1823, William Lyon Mackenzie
bought of M,
ckellzie & Lesslie," and its
completion bearo; date 'Dundas. March
20th, 1823.' Below this date, at the bot-
tom or the figures, is a memorandum of
agreement of purchase and sale: "We
agree that the above is a correct. true and
proper invoice in the items and in the
amount, the same being six hundred and
eip:htY-!i'ix pounds nineteen shilling- and
three penee half-penny, currency. Wm.
L. M ckenzie, John Le>oslie. i
"With this stock a separate business was
commenced, but it was not lon
continued,
for in the autumn of the
ame year Mr.
M;
ckenzie removed to QueenstoD, Bnd
opened a. general store. Before leaving
Dundas he sold to Mr. Lesslie one of the
buildin,lr
he had erected at that place,
but retained a store-house. At Queens-
lion h
ns:ded only a year. and before
the expiration of that time h, had aban-
doned commerce for po1ities, and as a
journalist made the first step in the event-
ful career which opens with this period
of his life. The stock of miscellaneoua
goods was dispos
d of to a storekeeper in
the country, and the business was closed.

CHAPTER cxcn.
CHARLES MARC H'S SHOP.

A. 1'.8101 !!ihop on K"I
Sare.... Wherf' tbe
Lara-est RIiSilleS!io 01 the Kind in Town
W:UI (;urri('d on.
About 1838 Charles March, a. painter and
decorator. op
ned an establi!'hment on the
north side
f King street, b
'tWeen Ba.y and
Y Ollge streets, where? Brown's livery stables
are now located. Mr. March did the larg-
est business of the kind in Toronto at one
time. Most of the steamboats that came mto
this portreceivedtheirdecorationat h' s nands.
In the city directory of 1850, C. M,\fch
advertises as follows:- "House. S.gn and
ornamental painter, glflzier, grainer, paper-
hanger, frame maker and gilder,oils,colours,
varnishes, pcepa,red paint. putty, glll.s". etc.,
also lookillg-g1Iis
es rpf.ii vered,a.rtist's colour.
and canvas. Nil. 29 King street west,
Toronto." He occnpied the S,lme stand in
1846, An elder brother of Charles was a
chairmakpr in Toronto. Brown's liyuy
stables have succeeded the paint shop of
Charle. March.

556

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

- CHAPTER CXCIII. -- I and on each side was one laq{e window.
ThEre was no
pire. Around three sides
THE BRITISH WESLEYAN CHAPEL of the building ran a gallery. The f'JUrth
side, the cast end, was taken up by the
pulpit. It would sea.t three or four
The B
8UU of DI
.,rell& PoUUeal Beliefs hundred people. The loyal element in the
t:rea'IDK a l!ìc:htøm In a
hurch. Methodist church took this building, and
The first M: t
,odist church in Y or
\1 as I occupied it for religious service
, styling it
a wooden buIldmg on the .outh side of the ßritish Wesleyan Chapel. All their
King_ street, iust west of Jordan street, ministers were brought from England.

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A
OLD KINu STREET PAINT SHOP.

standing about where the Bank of com- I The two sectiocs cf the church were at
merce is now go:ng up. The church be- IPDgth united :Iud harmony '1ga.ia pre-
longed to the American conferenct', and vailed. The Orall
e body occupied the
its ministe:s
ere obtained fro

he Uni
ed I chapel as a hall {OJ: YE'
rs and the bui'din

Sta.tes prmClpal!y. These D1lDlsters, 1m- was then moved with Its gable to the street
bued with the spirit of the new lepubïc, and converted into dwelling house. which
were much inclined to p:-each RepubIi- are s'a.nding to da.y.
canism, and the advant,'ges whi(;h the I
people of t
p 't!nited S
ates enj .yed und.er CHAP TER C XCIV.
their COllstltutlOn. This Boon became dUI-
tasteful to the loy'\l p:lrt of the congrega- I THE ROSEDALE HOMESTEAD.
tion, a.nd .tile t'esult .
as a split between The Dou!le Built bY-;-he HOD. J. IE. 8mall,
td1-e American and BrItish Wesleyans. The Bnd Afterward!! Occ:upied by Several
Congregational denomina.tion, prior to the Memberli of 'he .JarvI!! .'amlly.
M"lckfnzie rebellion, had built, or at least I In 1821 the Hon. J. .K Small, Justice, and
,!orshipped, in a little chapel on the east
ncleof John Small, M.
., built on the north
BIde of George street, a little south of side l f the Rosedale ravme, across from the
Queen etreet. This was a frame building, first while bridge, the brick stuccoed house
painted white, with its gab:e fronting 1 8tH! st
nding and know
as Rosedale, . The
George street. It stood a little back fr:>m raVlDe IS now filled up with earth, but III the
the roadway. The door was in the centre, early day& the approach to the house was by

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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BRITISH WESLEYAN CHAPEL, GEOBGE ST.
a road leading down from Seyern's brewery I of the town of York, Home District,
on the south side of the ravine at; Yonge of the said Province, Esquire, I have ap-
Itreer, and up t, e hill on the other side. pointed. and do by these presents consti-
It wal purchased in 1824 by the late Sheriff tute and t.ppoint him, the said Stephen
William Botøford Jarvis and occupied by Jarvis, to be Gentleman Usher of the Black
him with his father,the late Colonel Stephen Rod, attendant upon the Honorable the
JarvIs, who, at; that time, was, and since Legislative Council of the l'aid .Province
1818 had been, Registrar of the Home Dis- of Upper Canada. to have, hold, execute
trict, comprisin
the Counties of York, On- and enjoy the said office of Gentleman
tario Bnd Peel. Ullher of the Black Rod, attendant on the
In 1827 an exchange was effected with Council aforesaid, during pleasure, together
Mr. S;a.muel Ridou
, the father of the present with all and singular [rights, profits. priyi-
ReJ;Cistrar, who had been Sheciff from 1815. leges and emoluments unto the said, office be-
He accepted tbe office of Registrar, which lon
ing.
Colonel Stephen Jarvis resigned,and Colonel Given under my hand and affixed aea.l
William H. Jarvis, hi. son, became Sheriff this 17th day of July, in the year of our
on May lat, 1827, which office he held till Lord 1833, and of his Majesty's reign the
1856. when his nephew and deputy, fourth.
Frederick \Villiam Jarvis, became Sheriff and By command of his Excellency,
he held the office for nearly thirty years. Wm. Rowan,
In 1833 Colonel Stephen Janis was appomt'
ed Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod to
the honoFable the Le
islatiYe Council of
Upper Canada, \\ hich office <(escended to his
son Frederick Starr Jarvis and \\ as
held until his death in 1852.
The follow is a copy of the commission
to Stephen as Usher of the Black Rod :-
"UPPER CANADA.
Sir John Colborne, Kmght. Commander
of tho Most Honorable Military Order of
the Bath, Lie.ltenant-Goyernor of the Pro-
vince of Upper Canada, .Major-General
Commandin!;t His Majesty's Forces therein,
&cf:, &c.. &c.
To all to whom these preseitts shall come.
GREETING:
Know ye that being well assured of the
loyalty and inte2rity of Stephen Ja::ovis,

J. Colborne."
The name "Rosedale" was
iven to the
place by Mrs. Jarvis, a granddaughter
of Chief J I1stice Powell, who W'ioS married
to Sheriff Colonel William Botsford Jarvis
in the spring of 1829.
At thlt time the hill sides were covered
with wild roses-hence the name. Being an
ardent lover of nature, Mrs. Jarvis delighted
in the beauties of her picturesque home,
and at an early date laid out gravelled
walks, built rustic arbors and seats, plant-
ed rose gardens and .rcharàs, built peach
houses and graperies, in fact did every-
thing to make it t.he elegant and com-
fortable home that it wa.. The
house, al it now stands, is as it
was originally de.i
ned, but durin

the occupancy of Sheriff W. B. Janis there

558 LAND
lARKS OF TORONTO.

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

559

were added ample verandahs across the I be no more cakes and ale. A messeneer,
fro:! t. and octagonal morn
ng rooms on the I Thomas. speaks:
south and north, also an extension to the List. oh. liat. the Queen hath sent
east and a conservatory on the !!outh, giving A messenger to her Lords and trusty Com.
it a most homelike. comfortable appearance. mons.
'lhese extensions have all been "emoved. but A ll- What messagl" sent she!
may still be recognized in three detached Thoma.'l-Oh, the dreadful news.
houses on Hoxborough str
et by their quaint That both the Canadas in one be joined.
eaves and dormer windows. The name (famts).
" Rosedale " has been adopted by the ::ity Sheriff William then speaks:
for its north-eastern auburb. but the Rose- Farewe l.ye masquerades. ye sparkling routs,
dale of 1824 extended from Y onge itreet to Now routed out, no more shall routs eb ours.
Lamport avenue, and from Park road to Rox. No gilded chariots now shall roll along,
borourgh street. containing about 120 acres. I No slei!:ihs that sweep across our icy path.
Traces of the orÏl:
mal entrance from Y onge ! Sleighs! no, this news that slays our
street may still be seen north of severns' l warmest hopes.
brewery To avoid this at time3 dangerous Ends pageantry and pride and masquerades.
l1iil. Sheriff Jarvis. about 60 years ago made I The CII aracters in the dramatic jeu d'e8prit.
a road to Y onge street by Roxborou2h street. from which these lines are taken. are the
and pl,nted an avenue of trees and had a I principal personagt!a of the defeated party
lodge I here which was a very. under thinly disguised names-Mr. Justice
roundabout way of getting into I Clearhead. Mr. John Scott. William Wel-
town. Later on he built the first bridge I land, Judge Brock, Christopher Samuel.
across the south ravine from Rusedale to Sheriff \Villiam and Thomas.
Hazeldean. the pretty name given by Chief :\Jany years after this there was another
Justice Dnper to his rural cottage on Park, interesting scene enacted on the lovely old
Road. The raT!ne is now fill. lawn, when General Geo. Fenwick Wil-
ed in, and caned 'The Embankment." Jiams. of Kars. inspected a volunteer rifle
The old H.osedale house is celebrated for corps. of which Colonel Jarvis and Captain
a memorable fancy ball given here in 1839. Lewis Ord were officers.
whi
h iR thus related in fo:,onto of Old:- As the Rosedale property was settled on
" On that occasion. in the dusk ot evening, the daughters of the Sheriff and Mrs. J ar-
and again probably in the gray dawn õf vis. they have each lived there from time to
morning. an lrrðgular procession thronged tin\e since the decease of Mrs. Jarvis in
the highway of Y onge atreet. and toiled up 1 1852. so that very many of the children of
and down the steep approaches to RoseC1ale Mrs. E. A. :Meredith, Mrs. Augustua
house. a procession consisting of the simu- Nanton and Mrs. Lewis Ord
latedsbapes and forms that usually revisit the have been born in the old home-
glimpses of the moon at masquerades. knights. stead. Mrs. l\leredith's present residence
crusaders. Plantagenet. Tudor and Stuart. is built a few rods from rhe old lawn over-
Princes, Queens and heroines. all mixed up looking the weU.wooded ravin.... alld in th

with an inco!\({ruous ancient and moàern midst of the trees planted by her parents in
canaille. a tour of Bedlam, a Nicholas Bot- her childhood. \\ hen it became necessary
tom. with amicable cheeks aad fair large to divide the property. Sir David Mct'her,
ears. an Ariel. a Paul Pry. etc. etc.. not son became the possessor of that portion
pacing on with some veri-similitude on foot called the Rosedale Homestead. and his
or respectably mounted on horse. a&s or mule. son-in-law, Mr. George Percival Ridout,
but borne along most prosaically on wheels with his family now occupy .. Roseda.le
or in sleighs. This pageant, though ouly a House." which must ever be considered by
momentary social relaxation. a transient the denizens of Toronto one of its most in-
but not ullutilitarian freak of fashion.accom- teresting landmarks."
plished well and cleverly in the midst of a CHAPTER CXCV.
scene literally a sava.({e wild only a few
years previously. may be noted
s one of the MOSS PARK.
many outcomes of precocity characterizing The Man!llion Bunt by
olonel Allan. ..4
society in the colc>nies of Ene-land In a Now Occupied by lion. G. w. Anan.
burleøque drama to be seen 1D the columns I On the park lot. directly west of SheI'-
of a contemporary paper. the Colonist of ,bourne street. which conf\titutes the MosB
1839. we have an allusion to this memorable Park estate. the name of D. W. Smith, the
entertainment The news is supposed to have acting Sur
eon-General in 1794, appears
just arrived of the union of tile Canadas. to on the original plans. The subsequent pos-
the dismay. as it is pretended. of the official sessor of Mr. Smith's lot was Colonel Allan
party, among whom there will hen
eforlh one of the most prominent of the carl;

560

LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.

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I!ettler
of York. The original Allan r abroad, he was presented by the citizens of
Homestead was at the foot of Frprlerick Toronto wIth a complimentary address con-
I:!t1'eet, on the south-east corner. Subsequent- bining many signatures of men of all ra.nks,
1y he built on the Moss Park property the parties and creeds. In 18.38 the electors of
fine spacious brick mans:on, now to be seen York Division returned him by a Jarge
on the west sile of Sherbourne street. majority to the L?
islative Council of Old
Soutn of MQSS Park formerly ran a ravine Canada, which he retained until Confeot'r-
to which IS due the cour<:e of Queen street ation. For m
ny years he filled the (1ffice
a'i it now is. At the lower bridge over the of Chairman (1f Private Rills Committee in
Dan the Kingston road, If produced west- that body. In May, 1867, he was called to
warå in a right line, would have been th3 Senate by royal proclama.tion, and is
Queen street, but som
way westw;;rd in now President of the Senate. He has taken
tl1lS ;line the ravine was encountered run- an active share in the busineslI of the Com-
nin't lengthwise, which wail held to p'oesent mittee of the House, as Clw.irman of the
great engine"ring diffi mlties. A roa.d cut Standmg Committee on .Banking and Com-
diagonally from the bridge to the opening merce. In politics he is a COIl'3ervati
e.
on King street at once avoided the natural Mr. AIJ!tn was one of the original memb-2rs
imp3diment and also led to a point where of the royal Canadian Institute, and has
an easy connection was made with the track filled the chair as president, h.-sirles beIng
for wheels which ran alon't the shore of the a contributor to the journal of the Institute
harbor to th(' G:1rrison. Althongh the He has b?cn closely connected with Trinity
greater part of the Moss Parklot has been cut College University since its establishment
in
o buildin{{ lots a wO::lded plot quite large iG 1852. He has evinceJ a lively interest
tor a city dwellin!! still surrounds tl:.c Moss in Canadian art, holdin
the office of Presi

l'ark Homestead, which has b
en for many rlent of the Ontario Societ,y of Artists, and
veal'S and still IS the resH-1ence of Hon. George chairman of the Art Union of Canada.
\ViUiam Allan, D. C. L., President of the I Fond of horticultural pursuits, Mr. A Id.n
Dominion Senate, and Ch,tDcellor of the I labored as President of the Horticultural
University of Trimty College. Societ)' of Toronto for more than twenty"
Mr. Allan was born at York, now five years for the study and cultivation of
Toronto, on the 9:h of January. 1822 His flowers and fruits among his fellow citIzens,
Íather, the late Hon. \Villiam Allan. was a and it was with that object that he presented
pioneer settler who took up his abode in the society in 1857 with th ,five acres of land
York during Governor Simcoe's term of which, with the subsequent addition of ten,
offi.::e and fe3ided in Toronto until his now form the HortICultural Gardens. He
death in 1833. George \Villiam waa has always been connected with the volun-
educat9d by private tuition during thg teem and militia, and is Lieutenant
t'
rlier ypar.;;, a.nd W!l.S afterwards sent to Colonel of the Regimental Division of East
Upp
r Canada Colle'te. \Vhen the rebel- Toronto and an honorary member of the
lIon broke out in 183i, young AVan, tr..en in Queen's Own Rifles. Mr. Allaü is a member
his sixteenth year, lett the College and pn- of the Church of EI1s;{land, and has taken aD
tered as do prIvate the "B
nk Rifi
Corps," actin part in the Synod and other assem-
of which Chid Ju<.;tice Ha'tarry and Judge blies of the churoh. F,Jr more than twenty
Galt were 801110 m,-,mbers. He returned to yea.s he has been President of the Upper
Co
lege at the end of the followinq year and Canada Bible Society, In business affairs
remain
d there until he went up for his ex- he has held posts of responsibility and im-
amÏIntion as a law student, which he pas<ed portance as Chief Commissioner of the
in the senior Chlf>S in EJ.ster term, 1839. Canada Company and President of the
R9 b
gan his studi"6 in the offi
e of 1\le8srs. Western Loan and Sa.vings CJmDany.
Glmble & Boulton,and was called to the bar -
ot Uppel C lD1.da in Hilary term,18!6. B.3fore
entering upon the practice of law he
made a tour through Europ9, up the Nile,
aud throui{rI Asia 1\lIaor, mce
ing with
many exciting adven
ures in t.he lawless
dIstricts of the latter. Shortlv afterwards he
was elected a feHow of the R()yal Geogra.-
phical Society of E')gland. Ou his return
home he at once took an ac;ive pa!.t in
municipal aft'..\irs, and in 1849 WJ.S ùne of
the alåermen for Sr. D;wid's ward. In 1865
he was chos
n Mayor of the city. In 1836,
p.cvious to his depar:ure for a second trip
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