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MAGNA BRITANNIA.
VOL. IV.
CUMBERLAND,
MAGNA BRITANNIA.
VOL. IV.
CUMBERLAND,
Ainccd by A. Stcthui, fViiiten-S(re«t« U>iidoo.
/
MAGNA BRITANNIA;
BEING
A CONCISE TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT
OF
THE SEVERAL COUNTIES
OP
GREAT BRITAIN.
By the Rev. DANIEL LYSONS, A.M. F.R.S. F.A. and L.S.
HKCTOB or BOOUABTON IH OLOOCBSTKBSBIBB ;
And SAMUEL LYSONS, Esq. F.R.S. and F.A.S.
KEEPXR OF HIS MAJSSTT's RECORDS IN THB TOWBR OW LONDON.
VOLUME THE FOURTH,
CONTAINIMO
CUMBERLAND,
LONDON.'
PBIMTBD FOB T. CADELL AMD W. OAVIES, IN THE STKAMD.
1816.
CONTlENTS
OF
THE FOURTH VOLUME.
.«
General history of Cumberland
Ancient Inhabitants and Government
Historical Events - -
Division qf the Comity y Civil and Ecclesiastical
Table qf Parishes . . • . ,
Monasteries, Colleges, and ancient Hospitals
Boroughs and Market Towns - - -
Fairs and Great Markets - - . -
Population . - . -
Longevity - ' -
Division of the County into Baronies
NobiUiy qf &ie County - - - -
Tiik of Cumberiand - • -
Extinct Peerages . -
Baronets . . - . .
Extinct BoKonets . . • •
Gentry - - . -
Families extinct before Ike year 1500 . . .
Fumlies extinct since ike year 1500
Families of inhom U has not b^en ascertained ifohether they are or ate not
Gentlemen's Seats ....
Forests and Deer^Parks . - .
•■•
lU
ibid.
ibid.
xxviii
xxxui
xlv liii
Iv— Ixi
Iv
Ld
ladv — ^Ixvii
bmi
box— xcii
zcviii zcix
II
CONTENTS,
Geographical and Geological Description qf tlie County
BoundaHes, Extent, S^c. • .. .
Soik and Strata
Surface and Scenery ...
Mivers ...
Lakes and Tarns
Roads - .. . •
Natural History ...
Fossils and Minerals - -
Indigenous Plants . . «
Birds, 4*^. - -
Mineral Waters - - -
Produce ...
Manufactures - - ' «
Ports and Haivens Antiquities ....
British Antiquities ...
British andBoman Boads and StoHcntj amdiheJtomam Wall . . Boman Altars and Inscriptions -
. Ancient Church Architecture
Saxon - - - -
Early Gothic ...
Thirteenth Century
Fourteenth Century - . .
Sixteenth Century - -
Border Churches - - - .
Painted Glass - -
. . Stone Stallsj S^c. ...
Fonts - - . •
Apcient Sepulchral Monuments 7 Bemains qf Monastic. Buildings • -
Ancient Crosses and Pillars Ancient Castles ' -
Ancient Mansion-houses ^^ - '
• Miscdlaneous Antiquities ' -
Customs - - - - - - - -
0— cvm
ibid.
• •
cu
cv
cym
ibid.
ibid. cxi
cxvu
cxxvi
cxxvii
cxxviii — ccx
cxxviii
- cxzix
dxxxix
ibid, ibid.
ibid, ibid.
cxciii
Had*
cxdv
Md.
•••
OCUl
ocvi
OCVll
PABOCHIAL HISTORY
Additions and Corrections Index qf Names and Titles General Index' - -
Errata
176 179 189 198^
%*
LIST OF PLATES.
CUMBERLAND.
I.
11.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
. VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
. XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
«
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX. XXI.
Map of Cumberland ...
View of the Bowder Stone and Borrowdale
View of the Roman Station at Moresby
Inscribed Stones discovered in Cumberland
Roman Altar found at Ellenborough « •- .
Roman Antiquitieg diaoover^d in-Cuaiberland
Roman Sculptures found at Plumpton-Wall
Part of the Nave of Carlisle Cathedral . *
Part of the Choir of Lanercost Priory Church
Part of the Nave of Lanercost Priory Church
Elevation of the West End of Lanercost Priory Church
Elevation of the East End of the Choir of Carlisle Cathedral
Part of the Choir of Carlisle Cathedral
Plans and Section of Newton- Arlosh (Church
Plans of the Town of Burgh on the 'Sands Church, and
North-west View of Newton- Arlosh Church Bridekirk Font, South and West Sides
North' and East Sides
The Four Sides of the Font in Dearham Church Ancient Grave-stones in Aspatria and^ Irthing Church- yards, and in Dearham Church
in Dearham and Bassenthwaite Churches
—————— in Great-Salkeld, Ainstaple, and Mel-
Page 1 civ
cxliv
dxui
' clxxii
dxxxvii
clxxxviii
clxxxix
cxc
ibid.
ibid.
ibid.
ibid.
cxcl
merby Churches XXII. Grave-stone of William Stapleton, Esq. and Margaret his Wife, in Edenhall Church Ancient Obelisk in Bewcastle Church-yard Cross in Irton Church-yard ...
5
XX in.
XXIV.
• ibid.
cxciii
ibid.
cxciv
ibid. cxcv
ibid.
cxcvii
cxcix
cci
LIST OF PLATES-
XXV. Four Sides of Gosforth Cross, Dearham Cross, Rockli£fe
Cross, and Cross ia Muncaster Church-yard - cci
XXVI. Ancient inscribed Pillar in the Church-yard of St Bridgett's, sculptured Stone in Dearham Church, and Fragment of an ancient Stone Cross at Lanercost Priory - ibid.
XXVIL Plan of Carlisle Castle, from a Drawing in the British
Museum j and Plan of the Dungeons in Naworth Castle cciii XXVIII. Plan of the principal Floor of Naworth Castle - cciv
XXIX. Plan and Sections of a vaulted Chamber attached to the
Wall of Carlisle, and Figure of Saxon Ornament found
at Kirk-Oswald - - . . ccvii
XXX. Ancient Glass Vessel, called the Luck of Edenhall ccix
XXXL Plan of Whitehaven ... 23
XXXIL North View of Whitehaven - - - ibid.
XXXm. South View of MOiitehaven - - • ^4
XXXIV. View of the Court of Naworth Castle - - 3a
XXXV. Cockermouth Castle . - - 41
XXXVI. Plan of the City of Carlisle ... ^5
XXXVIl. North-west View of Carlisle - . ibid. XXXVIII. Ancient Plan of the City of Carlisle, from a Drawing
in the British Museum - • • 58
XXXIX. Plan of Carlisle Cathedral - . . ^i XL. Flan of the Entrance to the City of Carlisle from the
South, with the Courts of Justice - - j^
XLL View of Egremont Castle - - loa
XLII. View of Ravenglass, and Black Comb Mountain - 141
XLIIL View of Workington - % - . 17a
^
\
CUMBERLAND.
Vol. IV.
a
Tr
CUMBERLAND.
GENERAL HISTORY.
Ancient Inhabitants and Government.
'TPHIS county fonned part of the territory of the Brigantes j and it is -^ prob<ible that its inhabitants were from a very early period called Cumbri, and the district Cumberland. Some of the old historians call it CaerleyUchire or CaerlielksMre, from, its chief town, Caerleyl or Carlisle. During the Roman government this county was part of Britannia Inferior, and wa6. afterwards comprised within the Northern district, to which they g9,v6 the name of Valen^. Cumberland, during the Saxon Heptarqhy, formed part of the Kingdom of Northiunberland. About the middle of the tenth century, it was given to the King of Scats, and was sometimes under the dominion of the Kings of Scotland, and sometimes under that of the Kings of England, (as will be more particularly shewn hereafter,) till the year 12379 when it was by King Henry HI. finally annexed to the crown of England.
Historical Events.
We have but few particulars of the military transactions of Cumberland at a very early period, although there is no doubt that it was conquered by the Romans, and that during their possession of it this county was fre- quently the scene of active warfare between their legions and the invading armies of the Ficts and Scots, against whose inroads the celebrated wall which crosses the northern part of the county was constructed. We are
a 2 told
iv CUMBERLAND.
told by two of the Scottish historiansS that Carlisle was burnt by the Scots during the absence of the Romans, in the reign of the Emperor Nero. It was probably after this event, and most likely by Agricola, that Carlisle was rebuilt as a strong frontier town, and surrounded with a wall % The Scottish historians mention an invasion of Cumberland, by Mogal, King of the Scots, and Uniparus, King of the Picts, in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, in the early part of the second century"^. One of these writers carries the claims of his nation to this county up to the time of Carausius, by whom Cumberland and Westmorland, he says, were given to King Crathlynt for his seasonable aid, and confirmed to his successor Fincormak, by Octavius, King of the Britons. It is not^ however, pretended that the Scots continued in possession under this grant. We are told, that after the death of the Emperor Honorius, King Fergus asserted his claim, and in- vaded these counties ; but that the Scots were defeated by Maximian, Valentinian's general, and driven beyond Antonine's wall. *
It is certain, that during the Saxon Heptarchy, Cumberland formed part of the kingdom of Northumberland. The Scottish historians men- tion an invasion of Cumberland in the reign of King Ethelred, in the latter part of the eighth century. In the year 875, the whole of the kingdom of Northumberland was conquered by Halfden, the Dane, who the next year divided it amongst his followers'. It is most probable that the destruction of Carlisle happened during this invasion: the exact time we do not find mentioned by any of our historians, although they all speak of it as having happened about two hundred year9 before, when they mention its restoration by William Ruftis. We are told by the Scottish writers, that Gregory, who succeeded to the crown of that kingdom in 876, assisted the Britons in expelling the Danes from Northumberland and the adjacent counties ; that the Britons having afterwards quarrelled with their allies, invaded Scotland, but were defeated by Gregory ; that a peace ensued, by which the Britons ceded Cumberland and Westmorland to the Scots, and retired to Wales ; and that Gregory held an assembly of his nobles at Carlisle about the year 88o.
The Scottish and English historians are somewhat at variance as to the history of this county in the tenth century. The English historians' tell us that Cumberland was among the provinces which submitted to Edward the
^ I. Fordun and H. Boethius. * ^ See the account of Carlisle.
^ See Holinshed. * Holinshed^s History of Scotland.
f Sax. Chron. s Hoveden, Higden, Wallingford, &c,
the
CUMBERLAND- v
Elder, and continued under the dominion of his son Atheistan. Fordun, on the contrary, and other Scottish writers, inform us, that Constantine King of the Scots possessed the sovereignty of Cumberland, and that in the sixteenth year of his reign (919) he gave it to Eugenius, his presumptive heir, and decreed, that thenceforward Cumberland should be held by the heir apparent to the crown of Scotland. William of Malmesbury mentions a meeting of Con- etantine and Eugenius with King Atheistan at Dacre, when they did homage for their kingdoms to that monarch. Fordun relates, that in 937, after the battle of Bruningfield or Brunford, in which Constantine and Malcolm (then his heir apparent and Prince of Cumberland), with their ally Analaphus, son of Sitric, King of Northumberland, were defeated by King Atheistan, that monarch possessed himself of Cumberland and Westmorland. By a subsequent treaty, * in the reign of his successor Edmund, they were ceded to the Scottish King, and it was settled that the heir apparent of Scotland should possess Cumberland as before, doing homage for it to the King of England; Indulph, son of Malcolm, then King, was proclaimed Prince of Cumberland and heir to tiie crown of Scotland. Not long after this, Cumberland being in a state of rebellion, and having set up a King of the name of Dunmaiie, Edmund marched with an army against him, in the year 945, laid waste and conquered the country, put out the eyes of Dunmaile*s two sons, and restored Cumberland to King Malcolm, on his promise of being a faithful ally by sea and land, and Indulph was reinstated in the principality. "^
In the year 1000, or, as some writers say, 1001, King* Ethelred in- vaded and laid waste the county of Cumberland, because Malcolm its Prince (son of King Kenneth) had refused to pay his quota of a tribute for the wars against the Danes ^ Henry of Huntingdon how- ever tells us, that the Danes themselves, whose principal abode was then in Cumberland, were the objects of this expedition, and that they were defeated by Ethelred with great slaughter. Not long before the assumption of the crown of England by Canute the Dane, Othred or Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland, in alliance with the Danes, began to commit depredations in Cumberland, but was defeated, after a sharp combat, near Burgh upon the sands, by Malcolm above mentioned, then King of Scotland \ After this, the Danes and Northumbrians, being in alliance, invaded Cumberland,, where they were defeated by Duncan, grandson of King Malcolm, who
^ Sax. Chron. ; Sim. Dunelm. ; J. Bromton ; Hen. Huntingdon ; R. Higden. > See Sax. Chron. ; Sim. Dunelm. ; Chron. de Mailros ; Higden ; and Fordun. ^ Bordun,
bad
^ I
vi CUMBERLAND.
had been before invested with that principality ^ After Canute had mounted the English throne, he repeatedly summoned Duncan to do his homage, but he refused, not acknowledging him as the lawful sovereign of England. Canute, in consequence, marched with his army towards Scotland, in the year 1033. Fordun relates, that as the hostile armies were on the point of engaging, an accommodation was brought about by the mediation of the prelates and other great persons, and that Cumberland was confirmed to Duncan and his successors, as heirs apparent to the crown of Scotland, they doing homage as before. The author of the Saxon Chronicle says» that an engagement took place, and that Malcolm and two Kings, his allies, were defeated. Duncan succeeded to the throne of Scotland in 1034: After his murder, and the. unsuccessful attempt of his heir, Malcolm, to resist the usurper Macbeth, that Prince, with his brother Donald Bain, retired for a while to his principality of Cumberland : the latter went thence to Ireland ; Malcolm remained till Edward had recovered England from the power of the Danes, and then repaired to the English court "• In the year 1053, King Edward (the Confessor) granted Cumberland and the other northern counties to Si ward. Earl of Northumberland °. Not long after, Siward invaded Scotland, defeated Macbeth, and placed Duncan's heir, Malcolm Prince of Cumberland, on the throne ^
Soon afler the conquest a war ensued between King William and Mal- colm of Scotland, who had granted an asylum to the English refugees. In the year 1069, or as some say, 1070, Malcolm passed through Cumberland, then under his dominion, and ravaged Teasdale; meanwhile Gospatric, Earl of Northumberland, severely retaliated in Cumberlandi and his sol- diers by his encouragement, are said to have committed the most wanton cruelties ^ About this time the conqueror gave the county of Cumberland to Ranulph de Meschines, ancestor of the Earls of Chester, who parcelled the lands out amongst his followers, and is said by Matthew of Westminster, to have begun to rebuild Carlisle. That author relates that William return- ing from Scotland, by way of Carlisle, in 1072, repented of his gift:, and resuming it, granted Ranulph the Earldom of Chester in its stead, and gave orders for fortifying the town. A peace had just then been con- cluded between William and the Scottish King, to whom a certain tract of land, between Cumberland, Stanmore, and the Tweed, is said to have
> Fordun. ^ Holinshed*
° I. Bromton. " Higden ; Sim. Dunelm. ; Hoveden, &c.
' Walter Hemingford ; Bromton ; Hoyeden ; Sim. Duoelm.
been
CUMBERLAND. vii
been given in lieu of this county ^ Wlulat William Rufus was at Car- lisle, on his return from Scotland in 1092, he gave orders for rebuilding the city, which had. lain in ruins from the time of its destruction by the Danes % and erecting a castle '• The King turned out Dolphin, who was sheriff of the county, and left a strong garrison at Carlisle. It seems that the buildings were not completed for several years, for we are told by some of our historians'', that King Henry I. being at Carlisle in 1 1 22, disbursed money for the building of the castle and the walls.
The Scottish writers say, that Stephen on his assumption of the throne, summoned David, King of Scotland, to do homage for Cumberland, North- umberiand, and Huntingdon ""• This does not seem very probable, as we haVe heard nothing of the Scottish claim to the northern counties since the peace with William the Conqueror. Most of our writers relate, that David, passing through Cumberland, under pretence of a peaceable visit, in the year 1135, took possession of Carlisle. This was reported to Ste- phen, then at Oxford, who is said to have made answer, ** what he has taken treacherously I will by the grace of God recover victoriously"/' John, Prior of Hexham, who probably had the best means of being informed of the transactions of that period and country, says, that David mindful of his oath to. King Henry I. openly invaded England, and took possession of all the fortresses in Cumberland and Northumberland, except Bamborough ^ ; and received fealty of the nobles. Stephen, upon this intelligence, marched with his army towards the north. At the commencement of a treaty, which shortly afterwards took place, Carlisle was ceded to David*, and in the event the county of Cumberland *. It is said that David went afterwards to Carlisle and repaired the walls and ditches. This probably was in the year 1138, at which, time David occupied Carlisle with a strong garrison ^. It was in this year that Alberic, the Pope's legate, arrived at Carlisle on the 25th of September, and found David attended by the bishops, priors, and barons of Scotland. The legate, who remained there three days, obtained from the Scots a promise, that all their female captives should be brought to
' Holinshed's History of Scotland. Florence of Worcester says, twelve towns and twelve marks of gold, which were confirmed in 1091 or 1092 by William Rufus.
* Sax. Chron. Walter Hemingford ; M. Paris ; Sim. Dunelm. J. Bromton ; Henry Hunting- don ; Roger de Hoveden, &c. &c,
* Walter Hemingford calls it turns fortissima.
^ Sim. Dunelm. Alured de Beverley and Chron. Mailros. ^ See Holinshed's Scotland.
' J. Bromton ; Walt. Hemingford ; H. Knighton ; Hen. Huntingdom ; and M. Hoveden. ^ See also M. Paris. » Hemingford. • Chron. Mailros.
^ Ordericus Vitalis, who describes the garrison as *' feroeissimam manum Scottorum."
10 Carlisle
vifi CUMBERLAND.
Cartisle before St. Martin's day, and there released, and that in their future warfare they would abstain from the violation of churches, and from those cruelties which spared neither age nor sex'. Adulf, the bishop, was by the legate's mediation, reconciled to the King, and reinstated in his see. These circumstances are related by John, and Richard, successively priors of Hexham ; the latter mentions his having been present at the conferences. The following year happened the battle of the Standard, in which David was defeated near York. Afler the battle he fled to Carlisle, where he remained two days in the utmost anxiety for his son, whom he had left making an ineffectual stand against a victorious enemy. The Prince joined him in safety on the third day.
In 1 142 we read of a quarrel between Prince Henry of Scotland, who had been invested with the principality of Cumberland, and Ralph, Earl of Chester^ who claimed that county as his inheritance under King William's grant to Ralph de Meschines. This matter is said to have been compromised by an agreement, that the Earl of Chester should have the honor of Lancaster in lieu, and marry one of Prince Henry's daughters'. In 11 49 we find « the English and Scottish mbnarchs again in hostile array against each other, David being at Carlisle and Stephen at York ; but we are told that each party being afraid of the other, they both retired homewards ^ The following year David, Prince Henry, (afterwards Henry IL of England,) and Ralph, Earl of Chester^ entered into a league against Stephen, at Ca^ lisle ; Prince Henry was then knighted by David, and swore that when he came to the throne he would confirm to David and his heirs his English territories. In 1152 David and his son Prince Henry, (who died that year,) met John, the pope's legate, at Carlisle K David died at that city in 1 153 " or 1 15I, and was sticceeded by his grandson, Malcolm lY.
After Henry II. had ascended the English throne, he disregarded the oath which he had made to David, and demanded the counties of Cumberland and Northumberland of his successor K Malcolm feeling that he was unequal to cope with Henry in arms, ceded them in the year 1157^ ^^ received a confirmation of the county of Huntingdon^. The two monarchs met
^ The cruelties of the Scotg, during Darid's ii^vanouy are spoken of by Henry of Huntingdon, in the following expressive language — *' Quscunque Scotti attingebant, onmia erant plena horroris, plena inunanitatis. Aderat clamor mulierum, ejulatus senum, morientium genutus, Tiventium desperado." * Leland's Collectan« II. 364.
^ Gervas Cant, and Henry Huntingdon. s John Pr. de Hagulstad.
^ John Pr. de Hagulstad. ^ J. Brompton ; Gul. Neubrig. Mat. West.
^ Ibid. Ralph de Diceto : Tb. Wikes ; Walt. Hemingford ; N. Trivet, &c.
12 at
CUMBERLAND. ix
aft Carlide the next year, a$ some historians relate^ but parted i^ithout being able to adjust their difierences, in consequence of which Malcohn was not made a knight ^ Others say that the meeting was at a place near Carlisle, and that it was agreed liiat Malcolm should possess Cumberland and Huntingdon, and make a final release of Northumberland to King Henry. "
During the civil war between Henry II. and his son, William (sumamed the lion,) then King of Scotland, did not neglect so good an opportunity of attempting to recover the possession of Ciunberland ; he invaded that county, in the year 1173, (Henry being then in France,) and besieged Carlisle, but on hearing that Richard de Lucy, the justiciary and regent during the King's absence, was advancing with a great army, he raised the siege ^ The next year William again invaded Cumberland, in the month of April, and regularly invested the city of Carlisle, of which Robert de Vaux was then governor. During the siege, which lasted some months, William, with part of his army, took Liddell castle and other fortresses ^ The garrison of Carlisle reduced to great sti-aights, agreed to surrender the castle at Michaelmas, if not previously relieved <". Before the time sti- pulated Willisun was taken prisoner at Alnwick. The Scottish historians say, that at the peace which some time after ensued, Cumberland was ceded to the Scots "> ; if so they certainly were not put in possession. In the year 1 186, King Henry appears to have been with a great army at Carlisle, for the purpose of assisting the King of Scots in subduing Roland, a rebellious subject in Galloway, who was afterwards brought by the King of Scots and his brother David, to Henry at Carlisle. '
In the year 11 94, the Scottish King (William) demanded of Richard I. Cumberland and the other English possessions which had been held by his ancestors*. Holinshed, in his History of Scotland, says that Richard ceded the county, on condition that the fortresses should continue in the hands of English governors. Hoveden teUs us, that the demand was refused on I the accession of King John, who delayed giving an answer, and meanwhile
gave the government of Carlisle, which had been in the hands of Hugh Bardolf, to William D'Estoteville'. The Scottish historians ^ay that William
* R. ie Hoyeden and Chron. Mailros. ^ See Holinshed's Chronicle of Scotland.
I " William Neubrig. Chron. Mailros. Holinshed.
I ^ Roger de Hoveden ; J. Bromton and Polydore Virgil. The latter mentions the small fortress
^ Burgh upon EdenJ
^ J. Bromton ; Walt. Hemingford ; Gul. Neubjrig. *i See Holinshed's History.
' Benedict Petroburg. * Rog. de Hoveden. ' Aid. ,
Vol- IV. b King
3C CUMBERLAND.
King of Scots did homage for Cumberland ; and Aat bong at York on the occasion of a peace being concluded between the two aati<m8» he surreuF- dered it to King John» to the mtent that it should be assigned to his acjn Alexander "*• This prince succeeded to the throne of Scotland in 1214* at the age of £tffceen ; the young monarch, during John's war with the Barons» in the year 12 16, invaded Cumberland, pillaged the abbey of Hohne Cul* tram, and be»eged Carlisle. The dty was surrendered to him on the 8th of August, by order of the barons"'; but the Mehoae Chronicler observes, that he did not then take the castle '• That writer, after describing the sacrilegious conduct of the Scots at Holme Cukram, adds, that more than 1,900 of them were, by the judgment of heaven, drowned in the Eden, as they were return- ing with their booty. Alexander after this repaired to Louis the Dauphin^ then in possession of the greater part of the kingdom, and dcxng homage to him, received from him and the barons o£ his party, a recognition of his claims to the counties of Cumberland, Northumberland, and Westram*land«^
A general pacification took place soon after the accession of Henry IIL9 in consequence of which Carlisle was surrendered to the English, and Walter de Gray, archbishop of York, was sent to take possession of the castle in 12 17'. The dominion of Cumberland was to r^aain with Alexander % It does not appear, however, that he was put in posses* sion, for in 1235, and again in 1237, we find him making a peremptory demand of the counties of Cumberland, Northumberland, ami Westmortand, as his inheritance ^. The Scottish King was at length induced, at the con- ference holden at York in the lastrm^ttioned year, to give up his claim, accepting in lieu lands of the yearly value of 200 /L' to be holden of the King of England by the annual render of a &lcon to the constable of the castle of Carlisle on the festival of the Assumption. Hie formidaUe power of the Pope, whose legate was present at the conference, is supposed to have had considerable weight on Alexander's mind in deciding him to accept of so small a compensation.
This agreement finally terminated the Scottish dominion in the northern counties a£ England ; but the feuds between the two kiiigdoms continued
" See Holinshed's History of Scotland. ^ See Ridpath's Border History, p. 124.
* Fordun says, that it was at length taken, after a long siege, and that Alexander afterwards repaired and strengthened the fortifications. ' Ridpath.
> Chron. Mailros. * Holinshed's Scotland. ^ See Ridpath. p« 132, 133.
^ These lands were to be in the counties of Cumberland or Northumberiand, and not within the precincts of any garrison town. They were not assigned till the year 1242, when the manort of Penrith, Langwathby, Great Salkeld, Sowerbyi and Carlatton, were granted to the King of Gotland, in pursuance of this agreement.
10 with
CUMBERLAND. ^ xi
with unabated violence for more than three centuries : the resumption of the manors which had been granted to Alexander, at no very distant period, added fresh fuel to the flame. This county was seldom long exempt from the horrors of invasion, or the cruelties and depredations of raids and forays. The only means by which any thing like security for life or property could be obtained, were a most vigilant system of watching and the construction of numerous fortresses. Almost every gentleman's house, particulaily on the sea-side or near the borders, had its fortified tower^ sufficiently capacious to afibrd refuge to its inhabitants. In some parishes the church-towers were so constructed as to answer this purpose ^. It was not tall the happy union of the kingdoms by the accession of James I. to the English throne, that the inhabitants of both borders (for the Cumbrians were not remiss in retaliating upon their Scottish neighbours) were relieved fh>m die miseries of hostile inroads*. The regular border^^servioe and the border-laws were instituted in the reign of Edward I. : the former for the purpose of keeping a strict watch ^ appointing beacons S regulating the
musters,
' See the acoount of ancient church architecture.
^ We find the inhabitants praying aid of parliament on account of their towns and Tillages, the clergy on account of their churches being burned. In 142 1 they represent all the country within twenty miles of the borders to have been so depopulated by war, pestilence, and emi- gration, that where formerly there had been 100 able men, there were then scarcely 10, and those who remained much impoverished by imprisonment and the exactions of the Scots. See Kot.ParLiL 176. ii-4S3. iii* 1439 &c«
^ The following extracts from the regulations of the barony of Gilsland, in a MS. volume belonging to the Eari of Lonsdale, will shew the nature of these watches, and of the border- service of the tenants.
*' Every baylife to keape a good, able and sufficient horse, and to have armoure and weapons; and upon view taken what baylife that is not well horsed and sufficiently provided for good armoure and weiqpons, to be comitted to warde without bail untill he put in and enter sufficient bond in such some of money as the officers shall thinke convenient, that he shall be well and sufficientlye provided with horse, armoure and weapons within twentie dayes :
'^ Everie baylife shall sett the watches w** are due to be sett wihin the charge of his baliwike, viz. both.the daye watches and the nyght watches, as the tyme of yeare dothe require ; the nyght watche to be sett upon Michaelmasse even or sooner if need require, but that to be the longest daye ; and the daye watches as it shall be needful!, savinge Askerton Lordeshippe and Trider- maine, w^ continuallye shall either keepe the nyght or the digre watche, that is, their daye watche to beginne allways upon Candlemasse even ; and their nyght watch upon Michaelmasse even or sooner if need require. And what baylife as doth not his dutie in this respecte, shall for everie weeke that he neglecteth his dutie after the appointed dayes forfeite 3s. 4d.
*' That everie baylife searche the watches himself ones every fortnyght at the leaste.
*' That everie baylife rise redily to fraye and folowinge ; and if the contrarye canne be proved, to forfeite 6s. Sd.
b 2 " Everie
xii CUMBERLAND.
musters, &c. in time of war ; the laws for the punishment of private rapine^ murda?, &c. committed by individuals of each nation on the other in time
of
** Everie tenante that oughte by the tenure of his ferme-hold to keepe a horse, to have a good able and sufficient horse, &c.
** All such tenantes as by the tenure of their ferme-holds oughte to keepe good nagges for service, that all such tenantes as have not a good nagge, such a nagge as is able at anye tyme to beare a manne twentie or four and twentie houres without a baite, or at the leaste is able aufficientlye to beare a manne twentie miles within Scotlande and backe againe without a baite ; and no nagge to be allowed but such as are able by good likelyhode, or by sufficient proofe, to serve as is before recited. And what tenantes as hath not such a nagge to be comitted to CarlUe or Brampton^ to be warded, and there to remaine till he have put in good and sufficient sureties that he shall have such a nagge within twentie dayes after his baylmente.
«< It is appointed that all suche tenantes beingprovided and havinge horses or nagges according to the tenure of their ferme-holdes, and according to the effect of the former articles, shall continuallye from tyme to tyme keepe their horses or nagges in suche order as they shall continuallye from tyme to tyme be able to serve the lord warden or their officers upon sixe houres waminge, in anye place where they shall be appointed to serve. And what tenante as by wretchedness is found in faulte, that for sparinge dothe not feede and keepe his horse or nagge so as it be ready to serve, that tenante upon waminge geven by the land seijeante or his deputie, or the baylife where he dwelleth, shall for everye weeke that &ulte is not amended forfeit I2d.
** Everye tenante shall provide himselfe a jacke, steale-cape, sworde, bowe, or speare, such weapons as shall be thought meatest for him to weare by the seyght of the baylife where he dwelleth, or by the land-seijeante.^
For Watches. '' Everye tenante shall keep his nyght watch as he shall be appointed by the baylife, and what tenante as breaketh his nyght watche to forfeit 2S.
** All tenantes shall goe forthe to their watche before tenne of the clocke, and not to come in house till after the cockes have crowen, and to call twice of all their neighbours within their watches ; that is to say, ones about midnight, and ones after the cockes have crowen. And because it is dangerfull, that if both the watchers serche the houses together they may be taken, the baylife shall appointe in everye place of watch some privye place where the other watcher shall still remaine, of intente that if his fellowe be chased or taken, he may heare him sboute^ or if anye other watchers in the countrie shoute, he may hear the fraye ; and because that everye neyghboure must be twlse called upon, it is appointed that either watcher shall call their course, wherebye that every neyghboure shal be privie and out of doubte whedier the watche be duelye keaped or not. And if the baylife or anye tenante shall come to the privie place and finde bothe the watchers awaye, then bothe the watchers, or he who the defaulte is in, to forfeit 2s.
** If anye tenante doth send furthe to keepe the watche anye boies or women, if he be able to keepe the watche himselfe, for every nyght that any tenante soe doth, to forfeit 6d.
<' That every tenante come to the plumpe watche, being warned, upon paine to forfeit as. 6d.
** That everye tenante come to the plumpe watch in horse armoure and weapon in everye respecte, as he is appointed to keepe. And what tenante as cometh to the plumpe watche, and leaveth either horse or armoure behinde him, or bringeth not the weapon that be is appointed to beare, that tenante to forfeite i2d.
Fqt
CUMBERLAND. jrffi
of peace. An oflScer of high rank, called the Lord Warden, whose authority was partly military and partly civil, was appointed on each side of the bordera. Robert de Clifford, the first English lord warden ^ was appointed in 1 296.
To
»««•
For Fraies, ** That everye tenante rise and go readily to fraye and folowinge ; and what tenante as doth not come presently to the firaye, that tenante to forfeite, over and besides his offence in the lawe 33. 4d.
** That of the arisinge of any fraye in the country, every watcher to shoute, wheresoever the fraye be, wherebye all men may hear that there is a fraye, and in the place where the fraye beginnethe, the partie that is kerned to keepe a beaken buminge of some heyght, of intente that notwithstandinge all the countrey be iii a fraye, the fier may be a token where the hurt is done, that all menne maye knowe whiche waye to drawe, and what watchers as doth not shoute if possiblye they might heare the fraye, these watchers to forfeite 2s.
** That the watchers of a windye nyghte watche well of beakens, because in a winde the fraye cannot be hearde, and therefore it is ordered, that of a windye nyghte (if the fraye rise) beakens shall be brente in every Lordshipe bye the watchers, and the watchers, the one to keepe the beaken buminge, and the other watcher to make speed to the next warner, to wame all the Lordshippes ; and soe to sett forwardes ; and if the watchpn through their own defitulte do not see the beakens bume, nor do not bume their owne beakens as they ase ^f^inted, these watchers to forfeite either of them 2s.
*^ If the wamers have sufficient waminge by the watchers, and do not wame all within their warainge with greate speede, if any e faulte be proved of the warner, that waraer to forfeit i8d.
*' That everye tenante come fruthe to the fraye with horse, armour,* and weapon, as he is appointed to have ; and if he come to the fraye withoute his horse, armoure, and wei^n, if he cannot show a lawful cause, that tenante to forfeite for neglecting his duetie i2d.
** If any fotemanne do come furthe without the weapon that he is appointed to beare, that fotemanne to forfeite 6d.
For Fclcmnges, '* That everye horseraanne sett forwarde with the baylife with all the haste they maye. And what horsemanne as tumeth backe before the baylife tume backe, that horse- manne to forfeite 2S. 6d.
^' That every fotemanne drawe with all speede (after he heare the fraye) to the baylifes deputie appointed for the purpose, and to hould on forwardes with the deputie, till the deputie turae backe. And what fotemanne as maketh anye defaulte in this behalfe to forfeite 6d.
'' That the deputie tume not backe till the baylife tume backe, or els to forfeit i2d."
s The public beacons in Cumberland were at Black Comb, Bootle, Muncaster fell, St. Bees Head, Workington Hill, Moothay, Skiddaw, Sandale Top, Carlisle Castle, Lingy-close Head, Beacon Hill Penrith, Dale Raughton, Brampton Mote, and Spade* Adam Top. (Introduction * to Nicolson and Bum's History of Cumberland and Westmoreland, p. xliv.)
^ The emoluments of this very important office in the time of Lord Wharton (about 1547) are thus stated. See p. ix. of the Introduction to Nicolson and Bum's History of Cumberland and Westmorland.
^* For the wardenry per annum 6cx> marks.
^^ Two deputies, at lol. per annum each.
**^ Two warden Serjeants* at 40s. per annum each.
^* For the captainship of the city and castle of Carlisle, 100 marks.
« Three
L
Miv CUMBERLAND.
To retioii to tlie annab, in the year 1293 ^^^ Baliol's title as King <^ Scodaxid, having been recogni2ed» he had livery of the manors in Cumber* landt >¥faich had been granted as before mentioned, in lieu of the Scottish claim to the three northern coimties, but scarcely two years had elapsed ivhen a fresh war broke out, in consequence of Baliol's attempt to shake off the English yok^ and Edward seised upon Penrith, Salkeld, and the other manors bdonging to the King of Seotland, which were nev» restored : this circumstance in subsequent wars rendered the coimty of Cumberland, particularly Penrith and its neighbourhood, the frequent objects of attack and depredation.
On Easter Monday 1 296, King Edward being then at Werk, the Scottish army, led by John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, with six other earls ', made an inroad into Cumberland, and besieged Carlisle for four days. Tlie suburbs were burnt, but the citi2ens, aided by the women, who annoyed the enemy with showers of stones and boiling water, made so obstinate a resistance that they were induced to raise the siege and retire to their own country \ The same army having marched along the borders as far as Jedburgh, a few days after entered Northimiberland, destroyed several towns and monas- teries, and on the 8th of April came to Lanercost, where they burnt down the pricHy, but alarmed at a report of King Edward^s forces being in pursuit, they fled by way of Niched forest, and returned to Scotland with a great booty. *
<< Three porters, at 268. 8d. per day each.
*' One trumpeter, at i6d. per diem.
** One surgeon, at 12 per diem,
*^ The receipt of the Queen's lands, called the Queen's Homes j and forest of Inglewood, with the stewardship of the forest there*
** The domains of Carlisle.
*^ The office of customs, paying yearly the rent of 20 marks to the exchequer.
** The stewardship of the Holme, with the fee of iBI. and upwards.
** The stewardship of the Bishop's lands ; the fees per annum 40s.
*^ The stewardship of the college lands ; the fees 26s. 8d.
*^ The stewardship of the late cell of Wetherall, that is annexed to the college; the fee 26s. Sd.
** The tithe com of Penrith, Langanby, Scotby, Bochardby, Stainton, Mickle-Crosby, and little Crosby ; payiiig the old rent to the bishop and college.
'' The half-fishing at Cowgarth, of the college, without rent.
** The casualties belonging to these offices, uncertiCin."
^ Trivet. ^ Knighton and Th. WaUingham.
' H, Knighton and Chron. de Lanercost.
It
CUMBERLAND. jiv
It was in 1296 tiist John Baliol resigned the crown of Scotland to the Eoglish monarch ; the toSlomDg year the celdbrated William Wallace became the succ^idiil champion of his country's independence^ and defeated the English at Stirling. In the month of October this year, Wallace with his victorious army entered Cumberland and summoned Carlifife, but findii^ that the gamscm were determined to defend it to the laitt extremity, they marched forwards and laid waste the forest of Inglewood^ and the whole of AUerdak, as far as Cockermouth. »
Not long after the battle of Falkirk, in which the Scots under Wallace were defeated in 1 298, King Edward came with his army to Carlisle °, where he is said to have held a parliament on the 1 5th of September ^ : in the yesff 1300 he set forward on a new expedition against Scotland about imd- summer % and marched with his army to the western borders, by way ef Carlisle. In the year 1306, Robert Bms^ Earl of Carrieks having startled up as a new asserter of the independence of his country, and having been crowned King of Scotland, King Edward appointed a general rendezvous of his army at Carlisle' on Midsummer day» to accompany his son- Prince Edward te Scotland.
The king with his queen, having been some time in Northumberland^ arrived at Carlisle about the 28th of August, and staid there till the loth of September. The remainder of that m<mtb they spent in Northumberhud^ and about the ist of October arrived at Lanercost^ where, after Another short visit to Carlislie, they continued, on account of the infirm • state of the king's health, till the uStii of February following. On the ist of March tile king and queen removed to Kirk Cambock, and thence on the 4th to Linstock Castle, where they were entertained with their whole court for sik days, by John Halton, then Bishop of Carlisle ^ On the 1 ith of Manch the court removed to Carlisle, where the parliament was then sitting.
* H. Knighton, V^alsingham, and Walter Hemingford;
B Ibid. ° Ridpath.
' This expedition is mentioned in the Chronicle of Lanercost, under the year 1299. The writer of the chronicle says, that the King with his nobles came to Carlisle about midsummer.
^ When Wallace first appeared in arms, Robert Brus continued in the idlegianee of Edward, to whom he swore fealty on the sword of St. Thomas, in the presence of Bishop Halton, at Carlblein 1297. Sir H.Knighton. ' Holinshed.
* When he arrired at Lanercost in October, he travelled slowly in a kind of bed carried on horseback, which appears to have been difierent from a common horse-litter* The words of the Lanercost Chronicle are ** Rex propter senectutem & debUitatem lento gradu, fiictis multis, parvis dictis, & vectus in lecto super dorsa equorum iqppropinquavit, &c."
' The dates are takeft from the clause roUs.
In
xvi CUMBERLAND.
In the Easter week, John Wallace having been taken, was brought before the king at Carlisle, whence he was sent to London to suflfer the same sentence which had been executed on his more celebrated brother William Wallace* The King, though daily declining in health, resolved to prosecute his expedition against Scotland, and summoned all who owed fealty or service, to a general rendezvous at Carlisle on the 8th of July. On the 28th of Jime the king left Carlisle, and being then in so weak a state that he was unable to travel more than two miles a day, halted that night at Caldecote, a hamlet in the parish of St. Mary "• He reached Burgh on the Sands on the 5th of July, and there closed his life and glorious reign on the 7th ''• At this place is a pillar commemorative of the event* '
An express having been sent to Prince Edward, he reached Caiiisle on the nth, and the next day went, accompanied by a great number of the nobles and prelates, then assembled at Carlisle, to Burgh, to mourn over his father's remains. On the 1 3th he received the homage alid fealty of almost all the great men of the kingdom, in the castle at Carlisle'. The weak and dissolute young monarch then returned into Scotland, but soon abandoned his father's favourite measure of vigorously prosecuting the war with that nation. He came to Carlisle on his return from Scotland in the month of September, and then restored Anthony Bee, who had been under his father's displeasure, to the Bishoprick of Durham. ^
In the year 131 1, Robert Brus twice made an inroad into Cumberland, and ravaged Gilsland ; during the second inroad the Scottish king stayed three days at Lanercost with his army, and imprisoned several of the monks, but set them at liberty before his departure.** In 13 14, after the disastrous battle of Bannockbum, Edward Brus, brother of the Scottish King, and Sir James Douglas, advanced into England as far as Richmond in Yorkshire, and on their return burnt Kirkoswald, and passed by Lanercost into Scotland *: this was in the autumn. About the Christmas following the Scots made another inroad into Gilsland, in all their expedi- tions exacting large tributes from the inhabitants*. The following year Robert Brus again laid waste the county of Cumberland, and besieged Carlisle, which was ably defended by its governor, Andrew de Hercla. The
'^ CL Rot. « H. Knighton, Mat. West, and Walsingham,
Tf See the Parochial account. • Chron. Lanercost.
■ Rymer, Vol. III. p. 9. «> Chron. Lanercost. ' Ibid.
' Ibid. The chronicle says, that six hundred pounds were paid to the King of Scots within the half year by the eounty of Cumberland.
f I siege
CUMBERLAND. xvii
81^ was raised on the i ith day, the garrison pursued the best^ers, and tiM^ John de Murray and other prisoners *. Walsingham says that the whtAt country was at this time ravaged from Carlisle to York, and that there was no safety for the English, except in the principal garrison towns* The western part of Cumberland also was ravaged during this invasion, the monasteiy of St. Bees spoiled, and their manor places of Cleator and Stainbom destroyed ^ In 13191 the Scots under James Douglas and Thomas Randolf^ laid waste Gikland and other parts of Cumberland'. In 1322 Robert Brus again invaded England, burnt Rose Castle, spoiled the abbey of Holme-Cultram, where his father lay buried, wasted all the western side of Cumberland to Duddon Sands, and entered Lancashire ; on his return he encamped with his army for five days near Carlisle *. King Edward II. in return invaded Scc^tland, but was £:^ced to abandon his expedition in consequence of the want of provisions, and the dysentery raging in his army. Afler his return to England, Robert Brus again entered Cumberland, and lay with his army for five days at Beaumont, about three miles from Carlisle, sending detachments to lay waste the country on every side '. This year Sir Andrew de Hercla, in recompence of his meritorious services, was created Earl of Cariisle, and Lord Warden of the Marches, but being accused the next year of a treason- able correspondence with the Scots, he was degraded from aU his honours, and executed at Carlisle.
Soon after the accession of Edward JII. Lord UfSbrd and Lord Moubray were sent with a reinforcement to Anthony Lord Lucy, then governor of Carlisle : in the month of July following ( 1 327) the Earl of Murray and Lord Douglas, with a large army, entered England near Carlisle, and marched through Cumberland, laying waste the country as they went, towards the Bishopric of Durham ^ Edward Baliol, who m 13329 made an attempt, which at first promised success, to recover his father's crown, after narrowly escaping assassination at Annan, fled to Carlisle, where he was hospitably received by Lord Dacre, then its governor \ The following year Lord Dacre*8 demesnes in Gilsland were ravaged by Lord Archibald Douglas, who staid four days with his army in Cumberland *". About Christmas, in the year. 1 3 34, Edward III. being in Scotland, sent Edward Baliol with the Earls of Warwick and Oxford, to Carlisle, to defend those parts against the
■
* Chron. Lanercost.
' Leland's Collect. I. 24. from a chronicle written by a monk at York.
> Chron. Lanercost, ^ Jbld, * Ibid.
^ Ridpath. ^ Holinshed's History of Scotland. " Kni^tom
Vol. IV. c Scots.
xviii CUMBERLAND.
Scots. Thence^ large reinfarcements having joined them from the nortbem counties, they made a successful incursion into Scotland, imder the conu maiid of BalioU and returned to Carlisle^*
In i335» King Edward III. having deteniined on an expedition against ScQtland, marched with his ajmy from Carlisle on the i ith day of July ^ In the year 1337 the Scots entered England at Arthur^ and marching eastward, destroyed about 20 villages, and carried off a great booty ">» Dur-* ing a subsequent invasion the same year, they surrounded Carhsle, and burnt the suburbs, ivi^h the hospital of St Nichdas. They burnt Rose Castle also a second time, and wasted the surrounding country ^ This was miost pro^ bably in the absence of the Bishop, John Kirby, who was much distii^^uished for his military prowess, and had twice invaded Scotland that year, with' several English nobles in the interest of Edward BalioL In the year 134^9 a large army of Scots invaded Gilsland, and having penetrated as far aa Penritli, burnt that town, with several neighbouring villages. •
In the autumn of 1345, the Scots, under the command of Sir William Douglas, burnt Carlisle and Penrith, and returned through Gilsland, with a great .booty. They were much annoyed during their incursion by a small force collected by Bishop Kirby and Sir Thomas Lucy* The Bishop and Sir Robert Ogle had a sharp skirmish with the enemy : the prelate was un» horsed during the encounter, but having recovered his saddle^ continued to fight valiantly, - and contributed greatly to the victory *. The next year David Brus in person invaded Cumberland, and besieged Liddell Castle, whidi waa taken by assault : Sir; Walter Selby, the governor, was beheaded, it is said that he begged for time to make his confession, but that it was refused * . The Scots then jdundered the monks of Lanercost of their treasure and jewels, and after committing great destruction, marched by way of Naw(»th Castle to Ridpath \
In the year 1380, although there was at that time a truce subsisting be- tween the two nations, the borderers continued to make mutual inroads upon each other* In the summer of that year the Scots laid waste the forest of Inglewood, and having surprised the town of Penrith, which was very full, it being the time of the fair, they put great numbers of the inhabitants to the sword, and carried off many prisoners and a great booty'', but paid dearly for it, taking home with them the infection of a pestilence then raging.
|
^ Chroiu Lanercost. |
' Ridpath. |
^ Chron. Lanercost. |
|
'Ibid. |
' Walsingham. |
' Holinshed's History of Scotland. |
|
* Chron. Lanercost. |
f Walsingham. of |
CUMBERLAND. xix
i^whidi a third part of the inhabitants of Scotland are said to have died^ The Scots, on their return, made an attempt on Carlisle, and are said to have set fre to one of the streets by shooting burning arrows into the town '• They were deterred from continuing the siege by a report that at numerous army was coming to its relief*. In or about the year 1383, we find the abbpt of Holme*Cultram paying a large sum of money to the Earl of Douglas to save that monastery from being burned by his ahny.^
In 1385 the Scots, assisted by the French, invaded Cumberland, ravaged the estates of the Baron of Greystock and the Musgraves, and made an ineffectual attack upon Carlisle^ In the year 1387, the Earl of Douglas, the Earl of Fife, and other Scottish nobles, invaded* Cumberland, wasted the country with fire and sword, surprised Cockermouth, where they remained three days, and carried off Peter Tilhol, the sheriff of the county ^ During this inroad another attack was made on Carlisle, and the suburbs burnt Sir William Douglas (a natural son of Archibald Lord Douglas) is said to have performed prodigies of valour oa this occasion ; particularly in an encounter on a drawbridge in the outworks, two feet wide, with three armed citizens, one of whom he idlled and overcame the others*] It seems to have been the same year diat a battle is said to have happened near Carlisle, in wluch the Scots lost r,ioo men ; and their whole army, consisting of 30^000, were driven across the river, a few dsys before the festival of St. Lawrence ^ In r388, the Soots, making an inroad into Gilsland, are said to have conducted themselves with the greatest bar- barity on Lord Dacre's derhesne, havitig set fire to some houses in whidi they had shut up more than noo d^crepid persons, women, and children.'
Except that Cockermouth Castle is said by John Hardyng to have been yielded to King Hemry IV., we find no further mention of the city of Car* lisle or this county tiU the year 1461, when an army of Scots, in the interest of Henry VI. besieged Carlisle and burnt the suburbs \ This is the only circumstance concerning the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster (connected with Cumberland) spoken of by any of our historians. Hiere
' Holinshed's History of Scotland.
* Knighton* The dates appear conAised in this historian.
* Walsingham. ^ See the account of Hohne-Cukram.
* Uolinshed and Grafton. This appears to be the same invasion spoken of in Holinshed's History of Scotland as having taken place in 1386 under Lord Archibald Douglas.
^ Knighton and Holmshed. * Holinshed, Fordun, and WmtowA*s Chronicle.
^ H. Knighton. The date seems rather uncertain. ^ Knighton. ^ Carte.
c 2 is
XX CUMBERLAND.
is a family tradition that King Henry VI. was far some time entertained at Muncaster, then the seat of Sk J^Q Pennington, and that, at parting with his host, he presented bim with a small glass vessel, idbich is called the " Luck of Muncaster."
In the year 1522, the Duke of Albany having mustered a laige army, marched to the borders, and approached within four miles of Carlisle, with intention to besiege it ; but having intelligence that it was defended by 45 pieces of brass artillery^ 1,000 harquebustes, great ploity of hand-^ns, and in every respect weU provided for a siege, he retreated, and made overti^s to Lord Dacre fotVL tJiice\ In the year 1523, Lord Maxwell made an inroad intp Cumberland, <^ and began to harrie the countrey, and brente divers places*'' A skirmish ensued in which he was in some dan^r, but having raHied. his men, he at last got the better of his exponents, and returned with above 300 prisoners to Scotland ^ In a letter to Cardinal Wol^y^ without date% Lord Dacre gives an account of an inroad of the £lward]3, NixoDS, Armstrongs, and Crosers, inhabiting tiie debataUe ground, to the number of 300, Who slew eleven of his servants, and took othei:B prisoners ; and complains, that neither the garriscm at Bewcastle nor that at Carlisle, although warned, contributed any aid.
In the year 1 537, Nicholas Musgrave and others being in rebellion against King Henry VIII. besi^ed Carlisle, but were repulsed by the citizens. The jDuke of NorfdUc having afterwards met and defeated them, ordered 74 of their officers to be hanged (m the walls of Csurlisle. Musgrave escaped ^ Lord Maxwell being Lord Warden of the Marches in 1542, passed over the Eske, and burnt certain houses of the Graemes, upon tiie borders. This was im- mediately before the well-known battle of Solway Moss, which was fought within the limits of this county, in the parish of Kirk- Andrews. The English army was commanded by Sir Thomas Dacre and Jack Musgrave. The Scots, who greatly surpassed their enemies in number, were easily defeated, in consequence of dissentions among their officers. The English took above a
^ Cotton. MS8. Caligula, B. Til. 282.
> Holinshed's Scotland. Holinshed, in the History of England, assigns the same date to aa inroad of the Scots. HalU in his Chronicle^ speaks of an inroad near Carlisle in i534» X 16 Hen. VIII.) by Lord Maxwell, who b^an " to bum on every side.'* Probably this was the same inroad mentioned in the text, though the dates vary in the historians. Leland says, that the skimMsh happened 9^ Burgh, that Lord Maxwell was wounded, and many of the Scots drowned in the Eden, Itin. vol. vii.
^ It must have been before 1530. Cotton. MSS. Caligula, B. ii. 198. '•Holinshed.
thousand
cumberla:nd. x»
prisoners, among whom were two hmidred lords, esquires, and gentlemen."^
In the year x 569, Lord Scrope, Lord Warden of the Marches, occupied Carlisle against the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, then in rebdOion. The rebel Lords advanced from Northumberland as far as Na- worth ; but finding, on a conference with Leonard Dacre, that their cause was hopeless, they dispersed tiheir army^ This was in December ; in the early part of thie following year, Leonard Dacre, claimant of the baronies of Gilsland and Greystock, having appeared in arms, with a force of 2,000 foot and 600 horse, raised from among the tenants of those baronies, garrisoned . Naworth and Rocklifie Castles. Lord Hunsdon, who was sent against him, approached Naworth, then possessed by Dacre, on the 20th of February; but instead of attacking that castle, as was expected, passed on towards Carlisle; which Dacre observing, sallied out of the castle with 1,500 foot and 600 horse, and having drawn up his force on- a high moor near the Gelt, iattempted to stop Lord Hunsdon's progress to Carlisle. Dacre was defeated, and fled with his hbrsemen to Scotland* Lord Hunsdon marched on to Carlisle, ' and the next morning sent to take possession of Naworth, Rock- clifle, and Greystock Castles, which were put in safe custody for the Queen.''
'The last hostile inroad before the union of the Kingdoms, happened im- mediately after the accession of James I. when a party of Scots, between two 'and three hundred, entered Cumberland, and committed various depredations as far as Penrith. James, who was then at Berwick on his way to London, sent Sir William Selby, governor of that place, with a detachment of the garrison, who soon dispersed the invaders, and sent those who fell into his hands to the castle at Carlisle ^. The two countries being now united under the government of one monarch, and frontier towns no longer necessary. King James reduced the garrisons at Carlisle and Berwick.^
Soon after his accession. King James took active measures for settling the peace of the borders, and appointed George Clifford Earl of Cumberland Lord Warden of the Marches. With a view of doing away as much as possible the distinction between the two kingdoms, the King determined that the coxmties of England and Scotland which had been called " the Borders,** should be denominated the Middle Shires, and in his proclamations he de*
■^ HolinshecL * IbiiL
^ HoUiuhed ; and a letter from John Forster, in which the dates are particularly specified. Cotton. MSS. Cal. c. i. f. 384. ^ Stowe. ^ Ridpath.
scribed
xxii CUMBERLAND-
soibed them by that name. One of his 6nt measures was to banish the Grames or Grahams, a numerous dan^ occupying what was catted the debatable ground^ near the river Eske. This dan had long been an annoy, ance to his ow^ subjects, and not less so, as it appears, to their Gumberiand neighbours', who made bitter complaints against them, in die latter end of Queen Elisabeth's reign, at which time Walter Grame a£ Netherby, the head of the dan, (being the same person whom Camden speaks of as distinguished for his valour among the border^s,) with about 400 of his friends and their dependents, most of them of the name of Grame, bound diemsdves to Lord Scrope, then Lord Warden, to be answerable for their good conduct ^ The King, in his piodamation, states it to have been the Crrames' own desire that they should be removed.
In 1606 there was an assessment on the county of Cumberland^ to defray the expences of ** the transplantation of the Grames/' They embarked at Workington : most of them were sent to Ireland ; others to the Netherlandsi^ We do not find any mention, during the whole of these proceedings, of '< Old Mr. Fergus Grame of Plumpe,'* the father of Sir Richard, the first baronet, and ancestor of the present Netherby family, who» as iqppears by the parish register, was buried at Arthuret, in 1635. We may condude^ therefore, that he was a more peaceably disposed person than others of his family, and was suffered to remain quietly at home. It is a pleasing reflec- tion to contrast the prosperity of tiiis district under its late and present owner, (in whom has centered t^e whole of the property which belonged to* the once numerous dan of the Grahams) with the scenes of rapine and bloodshed that prevailed in it during the times of their remote ancestors. Some of the banished Grames having retume4 to England, King James issued a proclamation for apprehending them in.i6i4.
' This debatable ground In the YTeitem Marches comprised a considerable district of land on each side of the borders, to which both nations laid claim ; in this district were numerous Tillages, the inhabitants of which were engaged in perpetual warfare. Lord Dacre, then Lord Warden of the Marches, in a letter to Cardinal Wolsey, dated March 5, • • . . , strongly recom- mends, that Canonby having been chiimed by Scotland should be wasted and destroyed. *' As for the rest of the debatable ground/' says he> << that was unbrynte and destroyed when I was there» I have caused miche of it to be brynte and destroyed ; and shall not ftill, God willing, 800 too precede from tyme to tyme, until it be clerly waiste, without one house or holde standing within it.'* Cotton. MSS. Caligula, B. vii. 102.
* We find mention of lawless English borderers as early as the year 1376, who seem to have been as great an annoyance to their own countrymen as to the Scots on the odier side the borders. See Rot. ParL ii. 345.
' Nicolson and Bum's Cumberland and Westmorland, Introduction, p. xciii— cxxi.
For
CUMBERLA N D. xxiii
For some time after King James's accession, outrages and phmders "" on the borders^ notwithstanding hi^ proclamations, continued unremitted. As a further check to them, the King issued sundry special comnussions ; under which, various regulations were adopted. All persons " saving noblemte and gentlemen unsuspected of felony or theft, and not being of broken dons,'' in the counties lately called the Borders, w^e forbidden to wear any armour or weapons, offensive or defensive, or to keep any horse above the value of 50s., on pain of imprisonment. Slough dogs or blood- hounds ^ for pursuing the offenders, who acquired the name cf moss- troopers, through the mosses, sloughs, or bogs, were ordered to be kept at the charge of the inhabitants of certain districts.
Lord William Howard is said to have kept a little garrison at Naworth, employed in checking the marauding of the moss-troopers, against whom he put the laws in force with the utmost severity. Fuller says, that '< when at their greatest height, the moss-troopers had two enemies, tiie laws of the land and Lord William Howard of Naworth. He sent many ^ them to Carlisle, to that place where the officer always does his work by day-light.'' Fuller, however, attributes their decay and ruin to the wisdom, valour, and dili- gence of his great grandson CSiarles^ the first Earl of Carlisle, *^ who routed these English tories with his r^^ent. His severity to them," saith he, '* will not only be excused but commended by the judicious. Such was the success of this noble Lord's severity, that he made a thorough reformation among them, and the ring leaders being destroyed, the rest were reduced to legal obedience, and so, I trust, will continue." It was not, however, till some time isifter the union in Queen Anne's reign that the inhabitants of the borders had attained to a state of perfect security. ""
^ One singular species of plunder or exaction (which had exbted before the accession of King James) was a contribution called black maU^ paid in cattle, frequently demanded by the borderers of their own neighbours as well as of the Scots, for the protection of the rest of their property. An act of parliament was passed 45 Eliz. which made the exacting of this contribution, felony without benefit of clergy.
^ Nine of these dogs were ordered to be kept. In the introduction to Nicolson and Bum's History of Westmorland and Cumberland, is a note of what parishes were severally found to provide and maintain diem.
' Nicolson and Bum observCf that the only species of theft peculiar to the borders, now remamingy is where a man and woman steal each other. ** They hasten to the borders. The kindred of one side or the other, sometimes rise and follow the fray. But the parties fugitive commonly outstrip them, pass over into the opposite march, without any hostile attempt, get lovingly married together, and return home in peace."
1 2 Carlisle
xxiv CUMBERLAND.
Carliale wd Bewcastle were garrisoned in the year 1639, on account of the commotions in Scotland ; in the month of June 16409 there being an^ inunediate expectation of the Scottish army entering Cumbeilandy orders were given for a strict watch, for preparing the beacons, and all other pre* cautions against an invasion. The garrison at Carlisle was kept up till the month of October 1641, when pursuant to a treaty with the Scots, it was disbanded. ^
Not long after the commencement of the dvil war betwe^i King Charies and his parliament, (in the latter end of 1642) the northern counties asso- ciated and raised forces for the King. This county does not appear to have been much the scene of hostilities during the contest. The Cumber- land forces distinguished themselves in Lancashire, under the command, of Colonel Hudleston in 1643. ^^ appears that the King had an army in Cumberland and Westmorland in 1644, which was joined by Prince Rupert after the battle at Marston-moor '• During that year * a force was first raised in Cumbierland for the parliament, which approached Carlisle ; but being pursued by the passe comtatuSt toward Abbey Holme, fled and dis*. persed in all directions ^ We are told that the Marquis of Moatrose having been pursued by the Earl of Calendar out of Scotland retreated to Carlisle ; that they had a skirmish in the town on the 17th of May 1644, and that Montrose was obliged to seek shelter in the castle, where he was straightly besieged ^. It is probable the Earl soon abandoned the siege, as we find nothing of the captiure of the castle, and on the aadf. Lord Calendar was employed in the siege of Morpeth. ^
After the taking of York in July, Sir Thomas Glenham with the garrison from that place retired to Carlisle, where he took the command. About the latter end of September, Sir Philip Musgrave and Sir Henry Fletcher were defeated near Great-Salkeld % by the Scottish army under General Lesley, and with difficulty escaped to Carlisle ^ Lesley did not then stay to besiege Carlisle, which gave the townsmen an opportunity to lay iu a stock of provisions, and fill their granaries with the produce of the harvest then getting in. After the storming of Newcastle in October, General
/ Rushworth II. 929. and III. 388. > Whitelock.
* We have 00 other date than the year.
^ Journal of the siege of Carlble, by Isaac Tdlie, Harl. MSS. No. 6798.
« Vicars's Parliamentary Chronicle, Part III. p.230. ** lb. 247.
^ Journal of the siege of Carlisle. ' Perfect Diurnal, Oct. 7. 1644.
Lesley
CUMBERLAND. xxv
Leriey returned with part of the Scottish army into Cumberland and be.^ sieged Cariiale« The garrison and the townsmen were put on short allow- ance about the end of February, but although they suffered almost unex- ampled distresses, they held out till all hopes of relief had vanished by the &tal issue of the battle of Naseby, and did not surrender till the 25U1 of June 1645, when they obtained the most honourable terms. Scaleby castle had been surrendered in the month of February. In the month of October the same year. Lord Digby and Sir Marmaduke Langdale were defeated ,by Sir John Brown, then Governor of Carlisle, at Carlisle sands : their small army was dispersed and themselves obliged to fly to the Isle of Man. '
From the time of the capture of Cariisle by General Lesley's army, it had been garriaoned by the Scots, of whom the parliament, ere long, grew jealous. In May 1 646, it was resolved that they had no further occasion for their services. A sum of money was voted them, one half to be paid when they had evacuated all the English garrisons, the other half when the whole of their army had returned to Scotland. Carlisle was not evacuated till the motttfa of December ; Whitelock speaks of die castle as being ** upon sligfating,'' in the month of February following.
About the time that an army was raised in Scotland, under the Duke of Hamilton, for the purpose of restoring the power of the fallen Monarch, in 1648, Sir Thomas Glenham and Sir Philip Musgrave took possession ^ Cariisle by snrpiise, on or about the 36th of April. Soon afler this, about 3000 foot and 700 horse raised in Cumberland and Westmorland, under tibe oommasd of Sir Maraiaduke Langdale, held a rendezvous upon a heath five miles from Carlisle ; where two days afterwards, tihey were joined by 50a horse from the bishopric of Durham. General Lambert having the com- ttand of the parliamentary army in the North, took Penrith on the 1 5th ef June, and made that place his head-quarters for a month. Sir Mar«- maduke Langdale retired upon Carlisle. The citizens are said to fhavie petitioned Sir Philip Musgrave, that his army might not be received withm the walk, dreading the recurrence of another famine.' X)e«- tacbments of Lambert's army took Greystock, Rose, and Scal^y castles. ^
f Whitelock and Rushworth, > Rushworth.
^ Mr. T. Denton in his MS. History of Cumberland, says, that Greystock and Rose Castles were burnt by Major Cholmley in 1648. The Major, it is probable^ commanded the detachment ofLambert'sanny which took those castles.
Vol. IV. d The
Kvi CUMBERLAND. ^
The beginning of July, the Duke of Hamilton arrived at Carlisle, super- seded Sir Philip Musgrave, and gave the command of that garrison to Sir William Levingston. The Duke's forces, which were quartered about Wig- ton and Carlisle, fonned a junction with Sir Marmaduke Langdale at Rose Castle, making altogether about 1 2,000, and marching southward. General Lambert quitted Penrith at their approach on the 15th of July, and retreated to Westmorland.
Cumberland is said to have been much harrassed and plundered by Major Greneral Munroe, who followed the Duke of Hamilton out of Scotland with 6000 men, both in his march southward, and on his retreat after the unfor- tunate battle of Preston. Sir Philip Musgrave, about this time, returned with his forces to Carlisle ; but the governor was unwilling to admit him. Cockermouth Castle being held for the Parliament by Lieutenant Bird, was besieged by a body of 500 Cumberland royalists in the month of August 1648; the siege continued till the 29th of September ^ when it was re- lieved by Lieutenant Colonel Ashton, sent out of Lancashire by Cromwell for that purpose.
On the first of October, Carlisle was siurrendered to Cromwell, pursuant to a treaty made some time before, between the Marquis of Argyle and General Munroe. A garrison of 800 foot and a regiment of horse were left there ; the garrison was afterwards made to consist of 600 foot and two regiments of horse of 600 each, for the purpose of suppressing the insurrec- tions of the Moss-troopers. The county, in consequence petitioned parlia- ment, that this garrison might be maintained by the kingdom at large, and that they might only contribute their quota. In this and subsequent peti- tions, the state of the county is described as most lamentable : it is said that families of the first quality had scarcely bread sufficient for . their con- sumption, and no beverage but water ; that many died in highways for want of sustenance ; and that there were 30,000 families, who had neither seed nor bread corn, nor money to buy any. A collection was ordered for their rdief by parliament, but it proved very inefficient *"• It appears that a large garrison was kept up at Carlisle for a considerable time. The governor sent a detachment of 1000 men into Scotland, who took some small forts there in December 1650: in June 1651, upon a party of Scots approaching Carlisle, Major General Harrison sent 2000 men in pursuit of them. *
' Cockermouth Register.
^ The events of the year 1648 are taken from Lord Clarendon's History, Whitelock's Memorial, and Rushworth's Collections. « Whitelock.
In
/
CUMBERLAND.' xxvii
In tiie month of November 17 15, a body of the rebels under the command of Mr. Forster, who had a general's commission from die Pretender, entered England from the Scottish borders, and marched to Brampton, where they proclaimed the Pretender ; thence they continued their march to Penrith, and took possession of that town, the Posse ConutatuSt amounting to 1 2,060 men, flying at their approach. "*
The last time that this county was the scene of military operations, was during the rebellion in 1745, when Charles Stuart put in execution his rash project of invading England. The advanced post of his army entered Cumberland on the 8th of November, near Longtown, and encamped the next day on a moor within four miles of Carlisle, where the militia of Cum** berland and Westmorland were in garrison. The main army having joined them on the i oth, they approached Carlisle, and summoned the town. Before they commenced any serious attack, the army removed to Brampton on the nth, and staid there till the 13th. Charles Stuart himself slept on the 9th at Mr. Murray's, in a village three miles south of Carlisle $ on the loth at Black-hall, in St. Mary's parish, and on the nth went to Warwick HalL On the 1 3th his army commenced the siege of Carlisle, which, being weakly garrisoned, surrendered on the 1 5th. On the 2 1 st the van of the rebel army having left a garrison in CarUsle, marched to Penrith, on their route south- ward ; Charles himself arrived at Penrith with the remainder of his army on the 2 2d. It is well known that they advanced as far as Derl^, from which place, after holding a council of war, they made a hasty retreat towards Scotland, followed by the Duke of Cumberland. The main body of their army reached Penrith on their return the 1 7th of December, and a skirmish happened on the i 8th, between their rear and a part of the Duke of Cumberland's forces, at Clifton. On the 20th the rebels quitted Carlisle, having left a garrison in the castle, and made a hasty retreat into Scotland. The Duke of Cumberland arrived at Carlisle on the 21st, but having been obliged to wait for some cannon which was to come from White* haven, did not erect his batteries till the 28th, and on the 30th the city was surrendered to him at discreticm. "
During the American war, in the year 1778, a daring attempt was made on the port of Whitehaven, by the noted pirate, Paul Jones. It was rendered harmless in consequence of one of his men having deserted and given the alarm to the inhabitants.
"> Smollet.
* The dates and facts relatbg to the rebellion of 1745, are taken from the London Gazettei.
d « Dhision
xxidii CUMBERLAND.
Division qfthe County ^ Civil and EcclesiasticaL
The county of Cumberland has from an early period been divided into five diistricts, caUed Wards, a term peculiar to the border counties. These wards have always been distinguished by their present names, the Wards of Allerdale above Derwent; Allerdale below Derwent; Cumberland- Ward, Leath-Ward, and Eskdale-Ward.
The ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Carlisle, and a circuit of 15 miles round, was given to St Cuthbert, Bishop of Durham, and his successors, by King I^rid, in 6^5. In the year 11 33, King Henry I. erected Carlisle into a see ; giving its bishi^s the jurisdiction of the greater part of Cumberland and Westmorland. The ward of Allerdale above Derwent, is in the diocese of Chester, which see was erected by King Henry VIIL in 1541. The pari^ of Alston-moor is in the diocese of Durham, and that of Over* DenUm, is said to have been ibrmerly in the same diocese. There is oaily one archdeacon under the see of Carlisle, who is styled archdeacon of OEttiisle.
In the Liber Regis, that part of Cuniberland which is within the see of Carlisle,, is divided into only two deaneries, AUerby, Alnedale or Allerdale, and Carlisle ; there are now three deaneries, Carlisle, Penrith, and Wijgton, and it appears by Mr. T. Denton's MS. that this division had taken place before i686. The dean^ of Carlisle includes the whole of Cumberland and Eskdale wards, exc^t Wigton and Kirkbride ; the deanery of Wigton ccmiprises those parishes and the whole ward of Allerdale below Derwent. The deanery of Penrith includes the whole of Leath-Ward except Alston- moor, which is in the diocese of Durham and deanery of Corbrigg, Camden, on the authority of Wolsey's list, gives the number of parishes in this comity as 58. Many chapelries have since that time been deemed parishes. Mr. T. Denton makes the number of parishes 1 08, including Ennerdale, fisk- dale, and Loweswater, which are still deemed chapelries of St. Bees; Cocker- toouth, Emfoleton, and Lorton, which are esteemed diapelries to Brigluun ; and Elimby, but omitting the depopulated parishes of Carlatton and Kirk*- Cambock.
The fdSowing table, which makes the number of parishes 104, corre^qponds with Nicolson and Bom, except that they treat of Over and Nether-Denton as one parish.
FLimby has been by some esteemed extra-parochial, by others a member of Hohne-Cultram. Nicolson and Bum esteem it as a chapel of Camerton, and it is so called in the Liber Regis.
I Table
CUMBERLAND.
smu
Table of Parishes. •
Addingham Aikton Ainstablc - f Alston-oioor Allhallows - *Arlochden Arthuret Aispatria Baaseutbwaite Beaumont -
♦ St. Bees -
Bewcastle
Bolton
♦ Bootle
Bowness
Brampton
BrideUric
♦St. Bride
*Brigham -
Ward.
Vicarage
Eeclorj
Vicarage
Vicarage
Curacy
Curacy
Rectory
Vicarage
Curacy
Rectory
...I. I-
Leath . • •
Cumberland
Leath ...
Leath ...
Allerdale below Denrent Allerdale above Denrent Eskdale ... Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale below Derwent Cumberland
Demery.
- Curacy
Bfctpry
Rectory
Rectory
Rectory
Vicarage
Vicarage
Curacy
Penrith
Ciaorliale
Penrith
Corbrigg
Wigton
Copeland
Carlisle
Wigton
Wiglon
Canisle
AUefdal^ above Derwent
Copeland
SaUale ... Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale above Derwent Cumberland - «- Eskdale ... Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale above Derwent
Bromfield ... Burgh on the Sands Caldbeck - Camerton ... Cross-Canonby - Carlatton (the church*) in ruins) - -J
Carlisle St. Mary
Sl Cuthbert -
Castle-Carrock » ♦Cleator -
Vicacage
Vicarage
Vicarage
Rectory
Curacy
Curacy
Curacy
Curacy Curacy Rectory Curacy
Allerdale above Derwent
Carlisle
Wigton
Copeland
Carlisle
Carlisle
Wigton
Copeland
Copejand
Allerdale below Derwent Cumberland
Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale below Derwent
Eskdale ...
I Cumberland
Eskdale
Allerdale above Derwent
Wiffton Canisle Wigton Wigton Wigton
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle Copeland
Chapek
' i W.v ;. .
GarragilL
\
Hawes.
'Ennerdale. Eskdale. Hensingham. Loweswater. Wasdale-hea^* Nether-Wa#dale«
White- r6t-Nickol«p.
Brampton town.
" Cockermouth. Setmurthy. Buttermere. Embleton. Lorton. Mosser. ^Wythorp. Ailonby.
Flimby. Maryport.
Wreay.
•^mmmrt^
* The parishes marked with an asterisk are in the diocese of Chester, f This parish is in the diocese of Durham.
Comey
CUMBERLAND.
♦Comey
Croglin
CroM>7
Crosthwaite
Cumreir
Cumwhitton
Dacre
Dalflton
*Dean
Dearham -
Over-Denton
Nether-Denton
*Di8tington
•DriKg
Edenhall -
*Effremoat -
FaniBm
Gilcrux
•Gosforth -
Grejrstock -
GrioBdale -
•Hale
•Harrington
Hayton
Heaket
Holme-Cultram -
Hutton
•Su Johns -
Irebjr
Irthmgton -
* Irton
Isel - - - -
Kirk- Andrews on Eden
Kirk-Andrews on Esk
Kirk-Bampton
Kirk-Bride
Kirk-Cambock -
Kirkland
Kirk-Linton
Rectory
Ward.
AUerdale above Derwent
Rectory ILeath Vicarage I Eskdale
Vicarage
Curacy Curacy Vicarage
Vicarage
Rectory
Vicarage
Curacy
Rectory
Rectory
Curacy
Vicarage
Rectory
Curacy
Vicarage
Rectory
Rectory
Curacy
Curacy
Rectory
Curacy
Curacy
Vicarage
Rectory
Curacy
Curacy
Vicarage
Curacy
Vicarage
Rectory
Rectory
Rectory
Rectory
Curacy
Vicarage
Rectory
Deanery.
r AUerdale above Der- ^ } went, and AUerdale > L below l^erwent - J
Eskdale Eskdale Leath ...
Cumberland
above Derwent below Derwent
AUerdale
AUerdale
Eskdale
Eskdale
AUerdale
AUerdale
Leath ...
AUerdale above Derwent
Eskdale
AUerdale
AUerdale
above Derwent above Derwent
below Derwent above Derwent
Leath
Cumberland
AUerdale above Derwent
AUerdale above Derwent
Eskdale
Leath ...
AUerdale below Derwent
Leath ...
AUerdale above Derwent
AUerdale below Derwent
Eskdale ...
AUerdale above Derwent
AUerdale below Derwent
Cumberland
Eskdale ...
Cumberland
Cumberland
Eskdale ...
Leath ...
Eskdale ...
Copeland
Penrith
Carlisle
Wigton -
Carlisle Carlisle Penrith
Carlisle -
Copeland
Wigton
Carlisle
Carlisle
Copeland
Copeland
Penrith
Copeland
Carlisle
Wigton
Copeland
Penrith -
CarUsle Copeland Copeland CarHsle Penrith -
Wigton
Penrith
Copeland
Wigton
Carlisle
Copeland
Wieton
Canisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Wigton
Canisle
Penrith
Carlisle
Cbapeb.
{Borrowdale. St. John. Newland. Thorn thwaite. Wythboum.
rHighhead called < in the Liber Regis I IvegUl.
{Matterdale. Mungrisdale. Threlkeld. Water-MUlock
Armathwaite. Newton- Arlosh
dilapidated, Skinbumess de->
molished. Bramwra chapel
demolished.
Nichol-Forest.
Church in ruins. Culgaith.
Kirk-OswaU
CUMBERLAND.
Itirk-Oswald *Lamplugh Lanercost - Langwathby Lazonby Melmerby -
•Millom
* Moresby -
^Muncaster
Newton-Regny
Orton
Ousby
Pennth
Plumbland -
♦Ponsonby -
Renwick
RockIi£fe -
Great-Salkeld
Scaleby
Seburghsm -
Skelton
Castle-Sowerby
Stanwix
Stapleton -
Thursby
Torpenhow -
Uldale
•Waberthwaite
Walton
Warwick
Westward -
Wetheral -
♦Whicham ♦Whitbeck Wiffton ♦Workington
W«d.
Vicarage
Rector}-
Curacy
Vicarage
Vicarage
Rectory
Vicarage
Rectory
Curacy
Curacy
Rectory
Rectory
Vicarage
Rectory
Curacy
Curacy
Curacy
Rectory
Rectory
Curacy
Rectory
Vicarage
Vicarage
Rectory
Vicarage
Vicarage
Rectory
Rectory
Curacy
Curacy
Curacy
Curacy
Rectory Curacy- Vicarage Rectory
Leath ...
Allerdale above Derwent Eskdale ... Leath ^ - Leath ...
Leath "...
Allerdale above Derwent
Allerdale above Derwent Allerdale above Derwent Leath ... Cumberland
Leath ... Leath ... Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale above Derwent Leath ...
Cumberland Leath ...
Eskdale ... Cumberland Leath ...
Leath - - -
C Cumberland and! I Eskdale - J ' Eskdale ... Cumberland
Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale below Derwent Allerdale above Derwent Eskdale ...
{Cumberland and 7 Eskdale - ) Allerdale below Derwent r Cumberland and! I Eskdale - J ' Allerdale above Derwent Allerdale above Derwent Cumberland Allerdale above Derwent
Deanery.
Penrith
Copeland
Carlisle
Penrith
Penrith
Penrith
Copeland
Copeland
Copeland
Penrith
Carlisle
Penrith
Penrith
Wigton
Copeland
Penrith
Carlisle
Penrith
Carlisle
Carlisle
Penrith
Penrith
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Wigton
Wigton
Copeland
Carlisle
Carlisle
Wigton
Carlisle
Copeland Copeland Wigton Copeland
Chapels.
PlumpUm.
{Thwaites. Ulpha.
Raughton-head.
Clifton.
MonasterieSj Colleges^ and ancient Hospitals.
The Austin monks had a priory at Carlisle ; and it is observed, that when the church was made a Bishop's see, it was the only episcopal chapter of that order in England. The same order had a priory at Lanercost The Benedictines had a priory of monks at St. Bees, and another at Wetheral,
1 2 both
xxxii CUMBERLAND.
both ceDs to th6 abbey of St Mary in York. The same order had a nunnery at Armathwaite, in the Parish of Croglin, the site of which is now called Nun- nery^ and another^ at Seaton alias Lekelay, in the parish of Bootle. The Cistertians had an abbey at Calder, and another at Hohne-Cultram. The Black friers and Grey friers had each a convent in Carlisle, and the Grey fners another at PetaHth. There is said to have been a religious houi»e of ancient foundation at Carlisle, another at St. Bees, and a third at Dacre, destroyed by the Danes : David, King of Scotland, is said to have founded a nunnery at Carlisle : of these monasteries we have no further par- ticulars. The churches of Greystock and Kirk-Oswald were collegiate. At Carlisle was an Hospital for 1 3 lepers, dedicated to St. Nicholas, and at Wigton an hospital and free chapel dedicated to St. Leonard.
Boroughs and MarTcet-Towns.
This county returns only six members to parliament ; two knights of the shire : two burgesses for Carlisle, and two for Cockermouth. Both Cocker- mouth and Egremont sent burgesses to the parliament at Westminster, in the a3d year of Edward I. It does not appear that Egremont ever received another summons. Cockermouth wds restored in the year 1 640, and has ever since returned two members.
Mr. T. Denton enumerates 15 market-towns in this county in i688. He has omitted Hesket : probably the market was established, and the place acquired its present name 6f HesScet-Newmarket, since that time. The market is now very inconsiderable. Maryport market is of course of later date, the town having been long sinC6 built. The markets at Workington also have been established within the last century. The market at Allonby is quite of modern date.
The following is a table of the Cumberland markets, according to their presei]it state :— •
*
Market Towns. Market Days. Commodities.
H ^^e-Ctd^am } 'S^'^^'^^X i}^ ^® summer only) - Butchers'-meat, &c.
Allonby - - Saturday ... Butchers'-meat, &c.
Alston-Moor - Saturday ... Butchers'-meat, oatmealy potatoes, &c.
Bootle - - Wednesday ... Butchers'-meat, &c.
Brampton - - Wednesday ... Com, potatoes, butter, &c. &c.
Carlisle - - { j^ ^^l ^^^^^ ma^ketf^^ ^T^*""^ } Com, cattle, provisions of all sorts.
Cockermouth - Monday - • - Com and provisions.
Egremont - - Saturday ... Com aiid provisions.
Hesket - - Friday ... Butchers'-meat and other provisions.
Ireby
CUMBERLAND.
xxxm
Mtrket Towns.
Ireby
Keswick • Kirk-Oswald
Longtown Maryport
Penrith
Ravenfflass
Whiteoaven
Wigton
Workington
Maiket Dtjt.
• Thursday
• Saturday
- Thursday
- Thursday
Commodities.
- * Butchers'-meat.
• Com and proyifiona.
- Butchers'-meat. ^ f Butchers'-meat y &c. (famous for cran-
io berries in- the season.)
- { ^Te^d Jal^^L^^ '''"" } Butchen W ^ other proviso...
Com, and all sorts of provisions. Butcher8*-meat. Butchers'-meat.
^ f Tuesday ' \ Saturday
. Friday*
- Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Butchers'-meat, fish, flour, oatmeal, &c.
Tuesday fWednesday " I Saturday
Cora and provisions. Com and provisions. Butchers'-meat and other provisions.
The following places had formerly charters for markets, which have been long ago discontinued; Greystock, Hayton, Kirk-Cambock, KirklintODf Mehnerby, Millom^ Seaton, and.Skinbumess. The market at Skinbumess, two or three yeajrs after the grant, was removed to Kirkby-Johan aUas Newtoii«> Arlosh.
Towiit, Sic.
Abbey-Hohne, or Holme-Cultram
Alston-Moor
Arlochden - -
Boonwood in Gos-
forth Bootle Borrowdale
Brampton -
Fairs and Great Markets.
On what day held. Deicriptioii.
{^toS'Ij!'**"! Whittuntide, and Oc-J Horses and catUe.
"Last Thursday in May - - Black cattle, horses, and pigt^
Friday before Sept. 27. ^' - - Black cattle, horses, and sheep.
First Thursday in Novemb^ "* « Black cattle and horses.
April 24, the first Friclay m June, ^^l nj^ttle
Sept. 17. April 25* Oct. 18.
- Cattfe.
Carlisle -
Cockermouth •/
Egrembnt' *
Ennerd^e
Ireby,^ .-
- Foals and cattle.
- Cattle, &c. er - Sheep.
ly after Whitsunday, f Young cattle, milch cows, sheep,
and the second Wednesday in Sept. X and lambs.
r Shew of cattle previousl]^ to the April 15. and Oct. 23. - - < ereat markets at Penrith and
L Newcastle.
I August 26. - - - - Ciittle.
Sept. 19. .... A great fair for horses and cattle,
""r t^JStSs'''"'*' from October J «„^ ^, ^^
fWhit-roonday and Martinmas Monday - Statute fiurs for huring servants. Great markets every Wednesday fbrtnightl from the beginning of May till Michael- > Cattle, &c. mas - - - - -J
The third Friday in May, and Sept. 18. - Cattle, &c. The second Tuesday in September - Sheep, f Feb. 24. - - • - Horses.
(.Oct. 18. - - - - Sheep.
There is a, charter also for a market on Wednesday.
Vol. IV.
Keswick
xnav
CUMBERLAND.
Towns, Sic.
Keswick
Kirk-Oswald
Longtown -
Loweswater Newlands
Rosley
Thk-clkeld Uldale - Nelher Wasdale
WhitehaTeir
Wigton -
Workington
1
On what day held.
The first Thursday in May, and erery" Thursday fortnight for six weeks; the Saturday before Whitsunday, and on the Saturday nearest to the festivals of St. Michael and St. Martin-, or on the festivals if they happen on Saturday J Thuivday before Whitsuntide, and Aug. i. r Thursday before Whitsuntide i Thursday in Whitsun-week, and Thursday 1 I. after Martinmas - - -j
The second Friday in September The last Friday in September - rWhitmonday, continued every Monday C
• \ fortnight tUl Michaelmas
- The first Thursday in September
- August 29. - . .
• The first Monday in September
• August 12. -
-I
fSt. Thomas Feb. 20. • -
April 5. May 18, and Oct. 18.
■{
■{
Descriptioo.
Cattle. The Martinmas fair is noted also for the sale of rams and cheese.
Inconsiderable fiiirs. Horses.
Statute fiurs for hiring servants.
Sheep. Sheep. A great fair for horses, cattle*
sheepi cloth, &c* Sheep.
A great sheep fair. Sheep. Yurksiiire cloth, Irish linen,
hardware, &c. &c. Great markets for bulchers'-
meat, apples, honey, &c, A noted horse-fair. Black cattle, stallions, Yorkshire
cloth, hardware, &c. &c. Cattle.
Population.
The population of this county at an early period varied greatly, it being at times almost depopulated by the ravages of war and pestilence. In 1421 we find the men of Cumberland representing to parliament tiiat all the country within twenty miles of the borders had been so depopulated by war, pestilence, and emigration, that where formerly there were 100 able men, there were then scarcely ten \ Carlisle appears to have been uncommonly populous in the fourteenth century, if we were to regard the number of houses burnt down in 1390, (1,500 in the three principal streets) j yet we find that the number of lay persons upwards of fourteen yeai-s of age, (ex- clusive of paupers), in 1377, was only '678. The total number of persons then in the county of that description, was 10,841 *. Mr. T.Denton estimates the total number of inhabitants in 1688, at 66,375. Many thousands have been added to the population of the county since that time by the growth of the now flourishing towns of Whitehaven, Maryport, and Workington, and the great increase of inhabitants caused by the flourishing state of the manufactories at Carlisle. The total number of inhabitants in the county in 1801 was 117,230; in 181 1, 133,744, according to the returns made to parliament at those periods, making an increase during the space of ten years, supposing the enumeration to have been made at both periods with
' Rot. Pari < Subsidy Roll. See Archseol. vol. vii.
equal
CUMBERLAND.
equal accuracy, of above 16,500 persons. It is certain that in a state of peace the healthiness of the climate, and its consequence, the great longevity of the inhabitants, must, whilst the county is free from pestilential infec- tion, especiiJly since the discovery and use of vaccine inoculation, occasion a rapid and great increase of population.
The following table will shew the state of population of each parish in 1688, 1801, and 181 1.
Namet of Placet.
Addingham pariBh..,.*,,.,..*..,. viz. (he townghips of GamblesbyM........*.........
GlaBsonby •••••••.•••••••••••m
Hunsonby and WinskiU. Little-Salkeld...........^..
»•.««
Aikton parish • —•••••••••••••..
viz. tfie townships of
Aikton •.•.•••.••••.•.-••••••••••.••.»
Biglands and Gamelsby....*.,!
Wampool •.•••••••••••••«
Wiggonby.,*.....«..M....*..«....«..
Ainstable parish
Alston parish..
Allhallows parish.*.......................
Ariochden parish, including thel townships of Frisington and > Whillimore ............. J
••»•...••.....«•.•......•
Arthuret parish............
viz. the townships of Brackenhill ..•••••••••
Lineside.....M
Longtown . Netnerby...
Aspatria parish viz. the townships of Aspatria and Brayton . Hayton and Melay ...•., Outerside and Allerby
. ...............
.........
Inhabited Houses.
••....«....•.......
Bassenthwaite parish. Beaumont parish....M««MM..MM..*..«
StBeesparishyincludingWhite- 1 haven and all its cMtpelries 3
viz. the townships of dt. lsees..*.......«...............M..*
Ennerdale and High-end...^ Eskdale and Wasdale-head... Hensingham............
KinDey8ide«..w*M»M*«»
1 801.
45
33
24 21
37
30 26
32
316 30
77
97 176
64
98 34
86 4«
87
46 124
36
I8II.
48 26
«3 21
4* 33 23 31
81 461
33 Bi
97
35
173
59
108 40 47
77 48
93
47
47
36
Families.
1801.
45 33 24
37
31 26
33
90 713
3»
77
98
36 300
77
106
34 5'
89 42
88
50 46
135
37 e 2
1811.
50 26
23
24
44
33
.*3
32
81 1,013
33 81
97
35 316
67
no
40 48
92 49
98 48
47 170
36
Number of Inhabimics.
1688.
5»5
1801.
530
360
555 150
430
600
630
530
X40
3>345.
395
602
222
144 117
119 582
185
>5i 119
127
3,626 173
354 2,418
770
3*7
174 269
450 219
i3»«4^
409 296 232 590 172
1811.
550
215 114
"3 108
614 20X
156
"5
142
43' 5.079
179 438
»»<S93
|
489 |
510 |
|
197 |
219 |
|
1.335 |
».579 |
|
397 |
385 |
919
478
192
249
497
270
16,520
425 268
238
826
209
CUMBERLAND.
Ntmet of PbccB.
St. Bees parish — continued, Loweswater.................
Lowside Quarter.
inhabked Houiet
l8oi« l8ll.
68
37 I Preston Quarter..*...*.........,..! 328
6
48
28
6
1,776
Rottin^on .••.....••...•......•.•...•
Sandwith
Nether- Wasdale....... h. ..•••••••
Wheddicar
Whitehaven.........................
Bewcastle parish...........
viz. the townships of Bailey •...•.•..•..•....••
Belbank
••••.••••M......... ............
Bewcastle NixonSi
»•••«•••••••.«•.«...•..•.....•
Bolton parish........................
vis. the townships of Bolton-gate or Highside. Bolton or Bolton-wood...
Bootle parish.........
Bowness parish. ..•.•....•••, viz. the townships of Anthom.................*
Bowness
Drumburgh ............
Fingland ...........—.:
Brampton parish........—,
viz. the townships of Brampton...............
Easby
Naworth.................
St. Bride's parish, and Calder 1 township................-«.............j
Bridekirk parish......................
viz. the townships of
Bridekirk... ... ... ... ... ... ••••...
Great-Broughton.............
Little-Broughton.............
Dovenbv.....— .................
Papcastle....................
Ribton........................
Tallantire.........................
Brigham parish, including thel chapelries of Cockermouth >
and Lorton. j
viz. the townships of
Blindbothel........— ...............
Brigham..........
Buttermere— .— ....f -..—
Cockermouth.f«.MM*M...«M— •••••
47 61
36 42
46 92
100
34
49 61
»5
339
20
58 92
21 105
53
34 61
10 36
19 62
16 417
77
43
675
5 59
33
8
1,940
Fjmilief.
i8oi.
68
37 330
9
48
28 6
»>403
1811.
Number of Inhabiunts.
|
59 |
47 |
|
68 |
61 |
|
35 |
36 |
|
53 |
42 |
|
60 |
46 |
|
119 |
97 |
|
"3 |
105 |
|
36 |
34 |
|
54 |
54 |
|
63 |
65 |
|
>3 |
«5 |
|
365 |
403 |
|
32 |
20 |
|
66 |
58 |
|
91 |
105 |
|
»9 |
31 |
|
108 |
105 |
|
55 |
58 |
|
38 |
36 |
|
70 |
65 |
|
•8 |
10 |
|
35 |
36 |
|
17 |
19 |
|
65 |
62 |
|
30 |
16 |
|
603 |
1 690 |
77
5«
675
6
62
33 8
.»j373
59
68
40 53
61 119
121
36 64
63 23
501 22
66
98
20 108
57
43
70
8
37
20 «
67
22
709 I
1688.
1,110 420
630
S55 830
630
485 1,020
2,870
650
1801.
294 226
1,886
48
180
137
34
8,742
917
281 284
173 179
695
232 463
547 825
170 220 299 136
2,125
1,682
'35
308
490 1,410
94
408
243 153
283
47 182
5»234
82
74 2,863
1811
336
3" 3>26i
52
283
159 46
10,106 1,069
3"
344 198
216
975
307 668
602
907
161 318 299 129
^»543
»>043 136
364 469
"5 422
231
209
3"
51 213
5,588
96
277 109
2,964
Brigliam
CUMBERLAND.
xxxvii
Mamei of Phces.
Brigham parish— ^on^nu^i/. EaglesfielcL;,........,......,.....*
Embleton,*— •••••..•••••••••••••..
Greysouthem.....................
Mosser •••••••••••.••••••.••••••••••..
Setmurthy.*.,.....,....*.,...,...*
Whinffell
Chapelry of Lorton —
Brackenthwaite ••••••••.••••
Lorton,,.w. ••••••••••.••••••••••
Wythop.........................
Bromfield parish......,,......,.*..**..
▼iz. the townships of Allonby and West-Newton
Blencogo..*.....**..*
Bromfield..*...*..*.*...............
Dundraw.*.*****.........*..........
Langrigg and Mealrigg......
Burgh upon Sands parish..........
VIZ. the townships of
Bousted-hill •••*.*..*•..
Burgh upon Sands •..........••
Long-Burgh
Moorhouse*.**** .*•**•**•**•••••••
Westend*.******.*.******************
**•
Caldbeck parish ..•..•.*••*••.«.. . viz. the townships of Highgrave Quarter..... Lowgrave Quarter.** Hal^Cliff Quarter..*,
*••*....••
Camerton parish......*****.
viz. the townships of Camerton.*.*.*.*....*.*
Seaton..****..*..*.*.*.*..
Cross-Canonby parish**....*.......,
viz. the townships of
Birkby, Canonby, and Ma-
rroortM*.*****.*..*.**.*****.**.*
CrosV
}
' **•* *..**. ...***•*******. ..* .*•*..
lahaUted Houses.
Carlatton parish .•.••.•.•*••..•****•**•*•*.
Carlble, including both parishes.,
St* Cuthbert's parish, in the 7 city and suburbs...**.......* J
viz. the townships of
Botchardffate.............*.**..,
Botchardby...*-* Brifco. .*••..... M*««
»•.•**....•**•*.•.
English Street.,
i8oi.
69
57 98
22 22
18
*3
67
23
150
38 62
50 38
13 44 *3 55 3>
44 84
95
20 129
540
39
7
96 20
44 317
1811.
7» 66
97 21
29
20
25 78 24
197
35 51 50 44
13
48
22
53
28
53
143 109
18 165
344t 3B
7
103 20
55
380 I
Families.
l8oi.
* This number appears evidently to be erroneous.
74
57 109
22
3« 18
23
67
23
172
38 62
50 38
15 43 24 55 31
47 124
106
20 132
781
41 7
230
>9
44 520
1811.
74 66
icx>
22
^9 20
25
79 24
201
35 5'
50 44
13 48 22
53 31
53
H3 116
18 »74
733 41
7
390 22
55 611
Number of Inhabitants.
1688*
1,110
240
955
340
210
5,060 2^.20
i8oi.
310 292
455 lot
164
82
136 298
»37 1,586
726 167 297 198 198
780
84 x8o
106
264
146
1,171
239 505 4*7
633
71 562
3*252
3>059
193
50 10221
3,661
1,019
94 224
2,324 i
1811.
333 338 466 III 140
84
144 394 »32
i»8o8
878 185
297 236
212
668
65 216
III
135* »4»
267
^35 534
811
^5 726
3»479
3,272 207
5x
12,531 4*899
x,8oi 118 306
2,674
t This includes only rated houses*
Carlisle
XXXVIU
CUMBfiRLAND.
Names of Plice;*
Carlisle — continued^
St. Mary's parish^ exclusively') of the distant townships ••• 3
viz. the townships or quarters of Ahbey Street •.•.•.•...•••••••••.•
Caldewgate.........................
Castle Street ••.••.•..•••••••••••••
Cumbersdale ••••..•...•••••••.••••
Fisher Street •••••••..•..••.•••••••
Rickergate...^.....^....*..*.....
Scotch Street ••••••...•.••..••••••
••••••••••••••••a
•••
Distant townships of St. Cuth- berts.
High-Blackwell ••••••••••-
Low-Blackwell • Carleton •••— Haraby .••••••..
Upperby
Distant townships in St. Mary's parish. MiddlesceughandBrathO waite •••••.••.••••••.•••••••.•3
Wreay •••••.•••.••.•..••••«•.••.•••
Castle-Carrock parish .....••.....••..•
Cleator parish .••...•..•..••.......••......
Comey parish •••-.•..,•.•..•.•..•••••••••
Croglin parish •.•••••••••.•.•.•«••.•••...,.
Crosby parish ••.•..•.•••.•••.•..••.•..«•. viz. the townships of
Brunstock ...••••...•....•••.•.•....
High-Crosby •..•..•..••.....•....•.
Low-Crosby •••.•••••.•.••••••.•...
Walby . . ........
Crosthwaiteparish.......................
viz. the townships of
Borrowdale ••.••...••••••.••••••••.••
Braithwaite ••.•..••.••.••••...•.•.••.
St. John's, Castlerigg and ) Wythboum .•..•••.........•.• 3
Keswick ......••..•w.................
Newlands and Portingscale . Thornthwaite.......................
Under-Skiddaw
•«••••
Cumrew parish ...•.••.••...,
viz. the townships of
Cumrew-outside •••,
Cumrew-inside
Cumwhitton parish ,
*•••••••.••.••.•••••.
Inhabited Houses.
1 801.
142
Z18
"3
54 46
106
158
45
35 8
30
36
22
47 70
40
46
12
16 20
7
65
57
lOI
290 60
"64
10 26
1811.
Ill
389
"4
85
59
133 209
43 29
35
7 4«
34 21
5« 94 39 53
16
19
33
8
64 43
97
68 26
65
»4 »7
Families.
1801.
233
460
182
68
62
211
*74
47 1
3'
36 23
54 70
43 46
12 16
20
7
65 57
lOI
296 60
I4
10 26
t8ii.
186
637 200
86
83 244
3"5
43 32
48
S5
H
53
113
39
54
10 20
36
8
61 4^
97
73 26
70
H
27
Number of Inhabitaiits.
1688.
2,640
360
330
480
345 610
i>5^
^S5
310
1801.
6,560
837
1,990
i>o75 382
294
801
1,181
265 105 185
47 119
1811
7,63 z
772
2,669
890
462
369
997
1*473
253 149
173
58 228
176 167
118 104
252 307
362 571
222 231
169 234
359 410
6s 63
102 134
156 161
36 52
3f063 3,656
342 3^9
282 205
469 606
1,350 1,683
282 343
— 120
338 380
181 194
63 68
118 126
446 478 Cumwhitton
CUMBERLAND.
Names of Places.
Cumwhitton parish — continued. viz. the townships of . Cumwhitton and Moorth- 1 waite ........................... J
Northsceugh ••.•••••,••••...•....•..
Dacre parish...*......*
viz. the townships of
Dacre and Soulbj ................
Newbigging and Great")
Blencowe .••......•.•.•. j
Staiii ton
Dalston parish
viz. the townships of fiuckabank ..•••.•.•.••••..••..
Cumdevock ..••.••.••......•.•
Dalston ..... •..••...••m«...«..«.
Hawksdale
Ivegill
Raughton and GAtesgill
Dean parish
viz. the townships of
Branth waite
Dean
UUock
Dearham parish
viz. the townships of
Dearham
EUenborough and Unerigg
Over-Denton parish •••..
Nether-Denton parish......
Distington parish
Drigg parisn
Edeiuiiill parish
Egremont parish ..••..
Farlam parish
viz. the townships of East-Farlam ..........
West-Farlam •.......•
Flimby township............
Gilcrux parish...............
Gosforth parish .......•.•..•..•.•.,
viz. the to^ships of High and Low Bolton ., Gosforth .••••.•••.......•.••..•.
\
<irejstock parish •......••...
viz.the townships of Berrier and Murrah Little-Blencow ........
Greystock .M-.t.......*.
|
Inhabited Houses. |
Fimilics. |
Number of Inhabitants. |
||||
|
180I. |
1811. |
1801. |
1811. |
1688. |
1 801. |
1811. |
|
53 |
63 |
53 |
63 |
244 |
3" |
|
|
41 |
28 |
4» |
29 |
202 |
156 |
|
|
— |
^ |
— |
• |
620 |
.712 |
763 |
|
34 |
35. |
34 |
38 |
— |
174 |
190 |
|
54 |
59 |
57 |
62 |
— |
291 |
304 |
|
Si |
53 |
52 |
56 |
247 |
269 |
|
|
— |
— |
— |
|
1,300 |
2,120 |
2»3<59 |
|
68 5' 56 5a '9 44 |
89 62 141 65 24 4* |
93 59 146 66 24 44 |
62 189 69 *4 44 |
— |
493 *83 701 321 116 206 |
47 » 315 914 376 109 184 |
|
— |
— |
■— |
— |
620 |
678 |
75a |
|
62 35 48 |
65 40 5« |
6s 38 50 |
65 37 52 |
■^ |
271 178 229 |
3H 192 236 |
|
— |
— |
— |
—• |
550 |
874 |
1,081 |
|
91 94 |
96 124 |
94 96 |
96 124 |
^^ |
4^3 471 |
443 638 |
|
15 46 147 63 33 3'9 |
16 47 173 69 27 3*9 |
16 46 149 65 35 329 |
16 49 188 69 32 340 |
410 560 265 1,410 |
85 *45 7H 367 148 |
258 910 373 h55^ |
|
— |
— |
— |
— |
260 |
592 |
672 |
|
83 3* |
82 33 |
84 32 |
82 33 |
— |
430 162 |
505 167 |
|
70 |
74 |
70 |
74 |
350 |
273 |
271 |
|
47 |
5' |
54 |
55 |
220 |
249 |
276 |
|
— |
— |
— |
— |
630 |
652 |
685 |
|
65 69 |
65 67 |
67 74 |
68 69 |
—. |
322 330 |
337 348 |
|
|
|
— |
— |
2>5io |
^>i5i |
2,132 |
|
22 59 |
21 'J 65 |
22 13 71 |
22 »3 65 |
^^^^w |
136 68 318 |
120 49 243. |
Greystock
xl
CUMBERLAND.
Nimcs of Places*
Greystock paxkh-^ontinued. Hutton-John ••••.••••••.•••...
Hutton-Roof ••.••••••.....•••.
Hutton-Soil ....................
Johnby .•••...•..•••.•.•.•.••..••• Matterdale •••••.•..•.•••..••..,
Motherbv and GilK...*,... Mungrisdale ....••.•••••.••••..
Threlkeld
Water-Millock
Grinsdale parish ••••«
HaleparisD ••••.......••.
Harrington parish*.*..
Inhabited Houses.
180I.
3 38
44 16
61
20
34 68
64
17
42 406
Hayton parish ••••••••,
VIZ. the townships of
Faugh and Fenton .....•.••••••.•I 6 1
Hayton Talkin ..
Hesket parish
viz. the townships of Hesket, upper and lower Pettrell- Crooks ............
Plunpton-Street and Cawthwaite ••.•.••••••••••,
}
Holme-Cultram parish •••.••••••••••
viz. the townships of
Abbey-Holme or Abbey 7 quarter •••..•••••,.••••••••••.• J
£a8t- Waver quarter •••.••.•••» Low quarter •••,••••••••••...•.••••,
St. Cuthbert's quarter ., ,
Hutton parish ••..•.,
St, John s parish .•••••.•••••••;••••••••.
Ireby parish —••••••••••••••••••••••••••<
viz. the townships of
High-Irehy ,
Low-Ireby ••••«•••
Irthington parish ...m
viz. the townships of
Irthington ••.•••••••••••••
Leversdale .•
Newby
Newtown •—.•....•••••••••.••.•••,
Irton parish .., ,
79 50
103 60
55
Isel parish ••••••...••.•••.„••••••.»....•.,
viz. the townships of Blinderake, Isely and Red-) main......,«..............«.......3
108
79
"3
128
45 50
24
45
45
55
18
32
86
45
i8ii.
3
38 48
16
67 22
39 62
65
21
41 ♦345
66
91 48
lOI
66 60
126
76
115 ^34
47 53
26 61
48 61
«9 35
90
48 H
Families.
i8oi.
3
38
54
n
65
20
35
68 67
17
44
438
61
79 5«
122
60
56
126
79
"3
128
45 60
24 67
45
57 18
32
90
45
Isel Old-park ....^.... :..| 13
* There is evidently some mistake in these numbers, as number of inhabitants having been greater in 181 1 than in
1811.
3 38
53 16
67
22
II
68
22
4*
•383
66 48
lOI
66 61
126
77 "5 H3
47 65
26
61
49
66
21 37 90
51
14
Number of Inhabitants.
I
1688.
200
430 485
370
^*35
«»345
285 430 540
640
5^5
415
1801.
19 163
233 81
297
78 160
260 338
86 220
i»357 915
290
37^
249
1,285
617 349
590
371 637 589
200 328
358
96 262
870
197
399 106
168 466 276
188 88
1811.
423 339
M38
600
393
767
678
2^6
391 399
130 269
911
224
390 109
188 490 378
233 84
given in the population abstract, the
i8oi.
Isell
16
^93 228
284
78
202
283 345
X18
^47 1 962 1
977
304 436 «37
1,206
CUMBERLAND.
xli
Names of Pbcei.
ltd parish— cem^iMtf^. Sunderland^...*.....
Kingsmoory (extra-parochial)
Kirk- Andrews on Eden parish
Kirk- Andrews on Esk narish ... viz. the townships of
Middle Kirk-Andrews ...•.< Nether Kirk-Andrews.......
Moat .•....•.•.•...••.••.....•.....•.,
Nichol-forest .••.••••...••••••.«•,
...
...
Kirk-Bampton parish ••, viz. the towniships of Kirk-Bampton Little-Bampton Oughterby •••....
.....•.•.....•.•...••
.........................
Kirk-Bride parish..
Xirkland parish ••••.•••.•••..•.•».
viz. the townships of Culsaith .......................
Kirkland and Blencaim Skirwith . .. ..
-Linton parish •••••••
viz. the townships of Hethersgill .••••.
Middle-Linton West-Linton
•a.*.......*......
....••.••.•.. . .......
»•—•
Kirk-Oswald parish viz. the townships of lkirK-08waicl.M.MM*.M.....Mi
Staflfol..
»9——*—,
m——*
............•..#....—..•
Lamplugfa^
viz. the townships of Kelton.......
Lamplugh .
Adurton •*...•«. ..•M«..«.«.M.*.....M.
Winder*...
••••••.....«...•«
«••• .«. .a.*......*....*..
of
Lanercost parish viz. the to Askerton Burtholm- Kingwater Waterhead and Banks
Inhabited Houses.
1801.
•.«•
Lfangwathbj parish
Lazonby parish
viz. Uie townships of Lazonby Plumpton-wall
Vol. IV.
— 9— ••— —••—»•••
.*.............•.•.........•
..—**.*.....»*.....•«
21 11
124
76
48
139
33
33 21
5«
51 36
71
75 no
139 55
26 ai 30 »4
82
58 73 4*
4a
70 40
1811.
26
32
84 90
54 139
35 33
23 60
56 38
47
133
77 109
116 49
36 27 26 31
80
S3 55 63
4«
69 37
FamUiet.
1801. 1811.
15 32
21
124
77 48
149
35
33 21
56
57 38
41
76 no
148 55
26
31 30
82
59 73 4*
4*
70 40
26 22
129
90
54 140
35
33 22
60
56 38
50
»3«
77 109
143 53
26 27 36
31
80
58 63
48
79
40
Number of Inhibkaiiti.
1688.
100 635
»55
340 600
450
630
710
585
315
435
- 1
i8oi.
^03 98
i»777
573
291 668
456
190
117
249 6$t
188 189
1^573
665
389 519
910
^34 276
535
135 117
139 144
iiH3
35« 279
374 «34
226 526
320 206
1811.
61 132
100
2|086
600
448 281
757 '458
176 107
258
608
236 172 200
1,522
692 294 526
945
636 309
532
J44
J39 122
127 i»335
433
202
357 343
206
578 384
»94 Md^erbjr
1
xSi
CUMB£RI*AND.
Nimes of Haces.
■• •••••• ••%••••••
•••••••«»••••••••••••••«••••••
InlMbiMd Houm.
l8oi.
Melmerby parish..— ••••
MiUom pari nz. the lovniships of Birker and Awstbwaite.
Thwaitee and Chapel-Sunken Ulpha — ..
Moresby parish viz. the tiownships of Moresby Parton ...
•«•<
»•■•••••••• VM • M«*
•••
' ••••»••••••••••••••••••••••*
Muncaster parish .
Newton paririi iriz. the townships of Newton*.......— •••••••
v^avcerteiv... .....f .*»»».•...•....— .^.
Qrton parish viz. the townships of Baldwin»holme .••
v/rton.—M**.. •••>..*'
M>»»...— *...—.........— ...»
.......... .«•
i.. .........♦.......>..♦....
..•.......•...•...••.••..
Ottsby parish ....
Penrith paruh....— ..........
viz. the townships of* Burrowgate Dockwray ..
Middlegate and Sandgate .— Nether«end bridge and I i^arieton ..........••....•..•.•.. I
Town and Plumptop-head
Plumbland parish Ponsonby parish .......^«—
Renwick parish ......
Rocklifie parish •....••......
yiz. the townships of Rockliffe-churqh....
Rocklift-castle......
.«••...•....... ..........
............a
I.........
..........
I. ..........^
•...••.4
Great-Salkeld parish ....m....
Sealeby paxish*.......*....*
viz. the townships of I East-Scakby .......
I West-SoAleby .....
Seb^gham pfyrish •.«..«^of«««*M..M.«4« viz. the townships of
Sebergham-castle pr Hig^l Sebergham —.............«.. J
44
i8
125
99 55
83 92
60
1811.
22
2Q
34
39
47 672
5» »3 88
47 61
58
40 46
96
45
20 171
59 57
87
ICO
104
I80K
a4
20
4^
38
47
281
67 294
\1S 117
49
21
53
if
6z H
39 61
87
II
45
128
102 55
8 9
65
22 20
35
4»
55
898
«3 »3
38
47 63
59
40 46
102
1811.
49
20
191
60
57
90 117
no
Numbtr of Inhabitants.
1688.
1
^4 20
4» 41
47
28f
146 294
186
174
5»
21
53
If
62
61
97
I
270 900
545
6iQ
•60
340
3«5
'.35®
4ie
a:
2<
33®
345 340
495
|
I80I. |
I8II. |
|
223 |
240 |
|
1,502 |
1,625 ■ |
|
589 5«3 292 |
>09 884 298 |
|
75» |
881 |
|
360 |
409 47». |
|
M8 |
59 » |
|
220 |
219 |
|
128 |
"5 |
|
9» |
»04 |
|
378 |
4a» |
|
205 173 |
217 205 |
|
«53 |
249 |
|
3.%>» |
4,3*8 |
|
— |
809 599 1,191 |
|
— |
943 |
|
— . |
786 |
|
33« 7& 2QI |
237 '47 277 |
|
518 |
588 |
|
asa 296 |
250 338 |
|
«»5 |
■89 |
|
468 |
557 |
|
311 a57 |
229 328 |
|
74» |
781 |
|
434 |
474 |
* The townships pxe not specified) in the freliira of i8o».
. '.
Sebergham
CUMBERLAND.
xliii
MtuKs of Plicet*
••*••••*••••••••••••••••••••••
Sebe^riiatn phriah-^coniinued, Seber^lQatn-charchyorLow 1 S^t^tgham •.•—••••.•••MM. J
Skelton parish ^. the liWnships of Lamonliy •••.•••••••—,
Skelton m.......,^...*..
Gastle-Sowerby parish viz. the townships of Bustabook .^.^. How-bound Row-bound ...*....„.„, Southembj-bound ••• Stodklewath-bound *
•••••••••••••••a
•••••••••••«•••«••«•«•
viz. the townships a£ Cargo..*^.......,.......,
Etterbj^.......-...^.
Houghton ..•••••.....•.
Stainton ••••••••••mm
Stanwiit ..•••••••..•..•
Tarraby
Stilpletoa pansh VIZ. the townships of fielbank .^•••••••••••mbi
Solport •..••••••»•••••••<
Stapltfton •.•••.*—••••.
Trou^ ...••....»•••..••.
*•••••••••.••••••••••••••••••«••.
I •.•••••••••.»•••••••••••••.
»••••••••«••••••••••••••
Diursby parish ••••»,
vis. the townships of
barton •••••..
High and Low-Thnnby •••••<
Whinow or Crofton-Quarter
!••••••••••«
Torpenhow parish •••••.••.•••..••••••••.
VIZ. the townships of
Bowaldeth and Snittleearth. Blennerhasset and Kirkland Bothil and Threapland ••.••••.
Torpenhow with Whitrigg -.
Uldale parish •••••••••.•••••••—•••••••-
Waberthwaite parish —-.•••••••••••
Walton parish .•••••••••••••«
viz. the townships of High-Walton-
••••••.••••.••••••••.•
IslMUied Hotiiet.
i8oi^
55
4J 6t
37
76
44 18
27
4« 10
IS
•3
36
«4
«7
12
'3
43 62
48
5> 22
21
t8ii. 1801.
5<5
43 61 <
38
4« 4»
39
50' 10
5* 29
17
»4 8«
19
»9
53
74 20
19
«4 II
»5 45 79 53
54 20
»5
«5
61 37
8t>
47 22
28
49 10
3 >7
>3 84
»7 5» 30 H
19 60
12
»3 43 7» 5*
55 »3
«4
tSii.
66
43 6<
39
4» 47 19 35 39
5« fl 10
53 11 29
»7 H
>5
•844
•9-
*9
53 74 3<
>9 «7 II
15
45 81
55
51 20
*5
Number of InhaKiuiits.
•»«••*«— ^M-
1688.
6t5
7©j
445
1801.
310
535
_ •
1,030
520 375
345
308
7«9 4
•44 270
»i5 938
«54 104
157 4,274
*37
22$
i«7'
«5
«5
3-37 •no
M«
109
■59
«39 129
409
98
Z42 69
781
55
204
210
284 122
421
* This must have been included in Bustabeckf
f 2
in the return of i8oi^
i8ii.
307 756
236 285
«35
974
226
^55 101
200 191
«>435
»43
5-1
H3 192
'64
400
«34 911
C20
177
377 >37
4ULO IIO
^7^
58
824
65
'95 302
262
279 114
417 161
Walton
CUMBERLAND.
Name* of Places.
Inhibited Houses.
Walton parish — continued.
Warwick parish ••••••-
viz. the townships of A|;:lionby Little-Corbj • Warwick.—.-
'•••••••••••t
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••a •
••••••••••••••••••••••••
*••«•••••••••••••••••••••
Westward parish .., viz. the townships of
Brocklebank and Stoneraise Rodey and Woodside
Wetheral parish Tiz. the townships of Great^Corby ••-. Cumwhinton..., Scotby •—••••••••••••«
Warwick-bridge .. Wetheral .
Whicham parish— Whitbeck parish
••••••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••«••••
•••.••••••w ••••••••••
■••••••••••••« •••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••a
•••••••••••••• #•••••••«
Wi^n parish •••—••••••••,
VIZ. the townships of Oulton .••.—•••—•••••••4
Waverton high and low-
Wigton
Woodside
«••••••••••••
••••••
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••a
«•••••••<
Workinffton parish •••••••
viz. me townships of Great-Clifton Little-Clifton »•- Stainbum. Winscales Workington
»•••
•••••••••••••••••• ••••••
••••••••••••••••••••
»«•#••••
i8oi.
56
21 20
44
85 III
59
47 27
26
Iyl60
Families.
1811.
7* 76
5*
40 73
4*
30
60 88 562 68 I
I
49
16 22
50
96 93
68
85 65 48 67
45 36
70 620
83
57
47 28
29
1^59
1801.
58
21 21
44
85
III
73 79
78
43 33
63 88
620
69
62
47 30 28
'.375
1811.
49
»7 22
5a
98
lOI
68
87 65 48
71
48 38
70
89 738
83
57 47
28
29 '.489
i
Number of Inhabitants.
1688.
225
610
515
445 435
i>»50
945
i8oi.
276
453
92 120 241
918
434
484
»»577
344
365
a75 217
37^
235 180
3^357
294
37? 2,450
238 6,440
268 166
137
153
5>7i6
x8ii.
256
401
73 114
214
Iy002
475 5*7
x»6oi
326 429 293 204
349
261
191
4»o5i
321 409
a»977 344
6»533
228
193 140
165 5,807
Longevikf.
CUMBERLAND. xlv
Longevity.
Having observed during our visit to Cumberland, in the early part of our progress, numerous instances of longevity recorded on the gravestones, and understanding that it was the generally received opinion, that the inhabits ants of this county were remarkably long-lived, during the remainder of our joiuney we resolved to make more particular inquiries on the subject. On examining some of the parish registers, we found that in consequence of an official recommendation from the archdeacon about the year 1771, the ages of all persons buried within the diocese of Carlisle had from that time been specified. This circumstance was peculiarly favourable to the inquiry, and wherever we had an opportunity, particularly in the towns, we made notes of the total number of burials, and the number of persons buried who had attained the age of fourscore, and those who had attained the more advanced age of 90, and upwards. Since our return we have been favoured with similar notes from other parishes in that diocese. We had quitted that part of the county which is in the diocese of Chester before we com- menced these enquiries, but have since learnt, that the ages had been specified in many of the registers of that part of the county several years before they were entered in those of the diocese of Carlisle. The clergy of Whitehaven, Workington, Egremont, and some of the smaller parishes in the diocese of Chester, have favoured us with notes from their registers. The result of our enquiries on this subject, contained in the following tables, wiU be found to justify most fiilly, the prevailing opinion of the longevity of the inhabitants of Cumberland.
In the parish of Egremont, in which the population appears to have been nearly stationary for the last ten years (consisting of about 1550 persons) we can ascertain with certainty, that about one in 42 have died annually. It is not easy to make calculations of this kind with any degree of accuracy, both on account of the fluctuation of population, and the difficulty of pro- curing the number of deaths among the dissenters, where they have ceme- teries. Tlie favourable circumstance of the ages having been specified in the parish-registers, affords a facility of ascertaining most satisfactorily, in a very large given number of deaths, the proportion of those persons who have attained to the age of 80, 90, &c. ; and the result is very curious and remark- able *. The present population of each parish in which the calculation has been made, is annexed in the ensuing table.
* The general average proportioD of those who attain the age of eighty, is said to be one in thirty-two ; and in London, one in forty. See the General History of Cornwall, p. xlviii.
10 Parishes
dvi
CUMBSRLAND.
Puishet.
Attochden
AlrtkunstincludiiigLoiigtKHni 2,693
Aspatrkt . - - - 919
St* Bees, exclusive of
Whitehaven and other
chapelries
Whitehaven -
I
Chapel^ of St. Nicholas
Chapelry of the Holy 1
Trinity - - J
Chapelry of St. James -
Bewcastle - - .
&ootle . • « .
BoWkiefli - - - •
Brfunjpton . • -
firigfaam . - • - Cockertoottth chapehry
Bromfield . . -
Carlisle.
St.Mfl9y*s parifili -
8t. Cuthbert*B parish •
Caslle*Carrock
Crosthwaite . . -
Cumrew •. - - -
Cumwhitton . • -
Dalston . - - -
Dean . - . .
Hether^Denton
Dialington . . * Egremont ...
Isel ... -
Kirk- Andrews oh Esk
Kirk-Linton - * .
Kirk-Oswald -
Moreshy - - *
Penrith - - - -
Torpenhow - - »
W«ter-melook chapellry •
Whitbeck
Wigton - . . .
Workington - - -
Popubtion' In 1611.
438
1,152
Population of the three chapelries 10,106
I1069 602
907
4>543
2,964
1,808
4>^9
307 3>^6
478
*>3«59
752
258
910
1,556
378 2,086
1,522
945 8«i
4,528
824
about 350
191
4,051
6,533
Aged from SO to S9 incloiive.
— ♦ •
One in six * - - One in t«i . . -
Rather knote than one in six, One in six w
Aged Irom 90 to 99 tnclittive.
it I <i
' - • - -^
About <me in forty. Oneinfifty-cwo»
C About one in thirty-
X nine.
One in tirenty-six.
One in eleven • . • One m'^een(i753«^i8i4*)
One in nineteen
One in six (1771 — i8o8) - About one w six
{Rather more than one 1 in six { 1 77 1^ — 1 808 ) 3 {One in seventeen (1771 ) — i8rS - . 3 About oiK' »n nine Abuut one in ten About one in five and a half
fOne in fourteen (1771I I —1808) - - 3 Chie in twelve
Nearly one in four - One in ten (177I'— 1808) - About one in four
About one in five
Oneinei^t - . • One in nine (i75i*-i8i4) One in four and a half f About one in six ( 1 784 )
I -i8«4 - - -3 One in ten (1805 — 1814) -
{One in five kod a half) (1790— 1813) * I One in seven (1783 — 1808)
One in six (1773 — 1808) - About one in nine - » About one in eleven - About one hi six About one m fbur and a half •Rather more than one in five About one in eight -
About one in thirteen
One in siJ^-<Awee« OneinahuMlt^.
r One ill one hundred
\ and eight. One in ttr^ty-seven One in lbrty«tiro«
{About one in thirty- two.
One in s^enty^ve»
One in sixty-twow One in fifty-five.
One in eigfaty4iiur.
One in sixty^twoi.
One in thirty«>tfanec* One in forty-three. About one m twenty.
{Abottt one in twen^< seven. One in seventy-one. One in forty-«even. One in twenty-two.
{About one in thir^< onok About one in fifly-eight.
One in twenty-six.
One in thirty-five.
{One in ftirty-one (1777-1814.) One in fifty-one. Aboat One in Ibrty^nine. One in eighty*-four. Aboutonie in thirty-two. About (Hie in forty. About one in eleven. About one in forty-nine.
i About one in one hun- dred and sixteen. •* — -- .«.-^^. - . - ^
• During eleven years of this period, more than one-third d Hie peraods chapel, died of the small-pox.
at Trinity The
CUMaRRl,ANI>.
jMi
The fbUowing remarkable instances of longevity, are chiefly taken front the registers of burials in the several parishes ; and it may be observedt that where so many of the inhabitants live to the age of fourscore, and even tQ that of ninety and upwards, these instances of still more protracted age are likely to be well attested \ in sonie cases we had an opportunity of ascertainipg their accuracy.
fti:
TT
J IIKI * II J
Dftce.
$64. 666. 668.
66^. 671. 675. 678.
680. 685. 686.
701.
713- 716.
717. 718. 726. 727. 742.
743-
74J- 746.
747- 74B.
May 5. Jan. 14. Feb. 15. Dec. 2. June Nov. 4. Dec. ic;^ Jan. 30.
Nov. 26. May 19. Mar. 20.
Feb. 9.
Feb. 2. Dec. 17. Jan. 19. Feb* 12. April 14.
Oct^ 12. Mar. 22. Oct. 10.
Julys.
Parish or Qupd^f.
•tty. iiiiii
-{
753. Mav. II. Dec. 16.
757. June 1 8. — June 24.
758. Jan. 27. May 15.
759. Mar. 8.
760. Aug. 10.
761. April II. ^^-*- Sept. 27. 176^. Ja^. 21.
Wigton
Arthuret;
Arthuret
Arthuret
Arthuret
Arthuret
ArUiure(
Wrgton
Dacre
Dearh^m
Dearham
Brid^kirk
Cockern^ou^
Greystock
Harrington
St. Nicholas, Whitehaven
Aspdtria
Kirk- Andrews -
Greystock
Which^m
Bootle
Loweswater
Bootle
Dearham
Greystock - -<
Trinity, Whitehaven j
St. Mary, Carlisle
Loweswater
Trinity, Whitehavep
Kirk-fiamplon -
Drig -
Greystock
Thursby r
Cock^rmouth
St, Nicholas, Whitehaven
Castle^-S^verfay -
Moresby
■I t*: < "wi ■•■ I
Ntmcs, 8cc.
T I
John Dand, of Warebrfdge Robert Browne - - - - John Story - - - - - George Graham - - - -
' Jemet Browne^ widow . . -
' John Baylie - - - - - Sybil Lattemer, of Holme, widow
. William Rook, of Akehead
* Richard Green - -, - - Mrs. Margaret Dykes - - -
j Anne Barwya - . - •
Thomas Fearon, of Tallantire - Margaret Santon .... Henry Winder, senior, of Hutton 1 Soil (died of a dropsy) - - - J Jane Hodgson, widow ... William Crosthwaite ... William Sibsou, of Hay ton
' James Robson, of Dyke*side -
! Margaret Hodgson ^^ . .
'John Hunter - . . -
Thoipas Dickenson, a poor man Thomas Jackson, of Soskel, yeoman Mfwy Singleton, widow . - -
Jane Bell
Margaret Robinson, of Mungris-l diue, widow - - - - J Charles Thompson, of Hensingham, tinker . . . - - The Rev. Georse Braithwfute Mmy Bragg, of Thackthwaite, widow Jane Park, widow ... John Norman ...
Margaret Fell - . - John Bristoe, of Mungrisdale - Matilda Reed* - Elizabeth Atkinson, widow Margaret Grisdale, widow Thomas Nixon, of Newlands - SaraH Crosthwaite, widow
Age.
■T^-
}
108
about 110 100 102
about 106 105 100 xoo 114 106
aktove Kx> 112 103
lOl
114 •
104 107 103 108 103
1X2 100
110 ICX>
100
103
no
101
100 100
105
lOI
105 100 107 108
107
nj IIUU ^^lU I II J"l' .1 y
ft ■ ■■■ M
If 'Will I P»
* Her age is thus recorded on her tombstone, but in the register of burials she is said tp have l^e^ 107 years of age ; she survived her husband 46 years.
II I 7^3*
zlviii
CUMBERLAND.
* ••
Date.
1763-
1765. 1766. 1768. 1769. 1771. 1772.
1773"
1774-
1775- 1776.
1777.
May 4.
Sept. 29.
Mar. 7. Mar. 6.
Mar. 9. July 23. Aug. 20. Oct. 22. Dec. 13. April 26. July 8. Aug. 6. Mar. 21. Nov. 15. Feb. 5. April 1 6.
Sept. 18.
1778. Jan. 2.
Jan. 16.
Mar. 8. Oct. 10. Nov. I. Nov. 19.
1779. Jan. 19. Sept. 7.
Dec. 4.
1780. April 4*
Aug. 7.
Aug. 29.
1782. Feb. 12.
Mar. 20.
Nov, I.
1783. Dec. 31. I 1784. Feb. 16.
Pbiifh or Chapelry.
Nametf &c.
Dalston Loweswater
■{
Aspatria
Maryport
Comey
St. Nicholas, Whitehaven
Wigton
Aspatria
St. Mary, Carlisle
Penrith - . •
Penrith - '
Cumwhitton
Rockclifie
Lanffwathbv
Trinity, Whitehaven
Cumwhitton
St.Cuthbert, Carlisle -
Wetheral
Lanercost
Penrith
St. Mary, Carlisle
Kirk-Linton
Kirk- Andrews on Eden -
Penrith
Buttermere
Crosby
Arlochden
Nether-Denton
St. Mary, Carlisle St. Mary, Carlisle Lanercost Egremont
St.Cuthbert, Carlisle
Gosforth Kirk-Bampton - Water-Melock - Bewcastle
•{
Mrs. Mary Nicolson *, widow Frances Musgrave, of Lanesend, wi- 1
dow - - - - - J Thomas Holiday • - • - John Thomthwaty miller f
Mark Noble
Peter M'Gee
George M^Farland - - • - William Nicholson . . . - Honor Edgar, widow ... James Bell - - - - - Jane Martin, pauper ... John Armstrong, of Fellend - Jane Bell, widow . - - • Jonathan Wilson - - . - Henry Dixon . - - -
Alexander M'Leod - - - Elizabeth, widow of Joseph Wmder Elizabeth Brady, of Great-Corby,
pauper - - - . - Sarah> widow of the Rev. Thomas
Fawcett, late curate George Simpson, shoemaker • John Xanehom, of Blackwell - Jane Snochrin, widow ... Thomas Robson % ...
Elizabeth Greenhow, qiinster - Jane Wood . - . - - Jane Dalton; widow ... Thomas Thompson, of Heathgill,!
labourer J
George Carruthers of Chapel-bum,
late parish clerk of Farlam Mrs. Maraaret Yeats, widow - Eleanor Eliot, of Newtown, widow - Margaret Robson, widow Elizabeth Glencross ... Catherine, widowofRo^laadThomp- 7
son - - - - - 3
Isabella Skelton, widow - . - CaUierine Hewson, widow James Brown, carpenter ... Elizabeth Routledge, widow -
m, )
Age.
105
xoo
lOI
100
"3 104
103
100
100
"3 108
lOI lOX
100
100 107 100
104
103
102 102 100
lOX
100 106
lOI
102
X02
102 100 100 100
lOI
100 100 102 102
* Widow of John Nicolson, Esq. of Hawksdale, who died in 1727. Mrs. Margaret Nicolson, (probably her daughter,) recorded on the same monument, died in 179^, at the age of 96.
f His epitaph in the chapel yard is as follows : '' Here are deposited the remains of John Thomthwat, late HONEST MILLER of Netheriiall mill, being ONE of a HUNDRED years of age; he departed this life Mar. 6, 1766." - X This man died in the same house in which he waa bom; his son died at the age of
23, and his two daughters, unmarried, at the respective ages of 79 and 86, all in the same ouse.
I78y-
«
CUMBERLAND.
xlix
Date.
1785. Jan* 5*
1786. Jan. 23.
■ ■ . April 30.
July 3.
Nov. 4. Nov. 15.
1787. April II. April II.
Oct. 7.
Dec. 3.
1788. Mar. 13.
1789. Feb. 15.
Nov. 7.
1790* Jan. 8.
Nov. 19.
1791. Jan«3i. Feb. 25.
1793. June2o*
1794. May 14.
1795. Jan. 7* April 12,
May 12.
Pariih or Chapelry.
1796.
1797. Mar. 5. June 30.
Arlochden
Lanercost
Lanercost
St. Mary, Carlisle
Hesket
Scaleby
Ulpha
Burgh on Sands
Thureby
Harrington
Rocklitte
Stapleton
Farlam -
Kirk-Bampton -
Brampton
Maryport
Comey -
Langwathby
Kirk- Andrews on Esk
Moresby
Millom -
Maryport
St. Marvy Carlisle
Torpenhow
Artnuret
St. Cuthberty Carlisle
Rocklifle
Ponsonby Ulpha - Nether-Denton Farlam - ^
Nunet, &c.
Thomas Elliot^ of Workington, pauper Elizabeth Inman, widow - Anne Crowe, of Sandhill, widow Andrew Young, pauper - Sarah, widow of John Nixon> yeoman Hugh James - . • . • Isaac Carleton .... Robert Mayson, of Bowsted-hill Jane Reave - - - . - Margaret Carlisle - . - • Mary Hewitt *, widow . - - Catherine Rutherford ... Ann Brougham, widow . . - John Robinson, of LittIe*Bampton - James Martin «... Joseph Peel f , mariner « - - William Troughton ... Sarah Vart ' -
Alexander Ewart ...
Sarah Gibson . . . -
David Claide ....
John Milliken, tinker ... Jeremiah Johnson, pauper Mary Robinson .... Mary Johnson, widow ... William Skelton, weaver
James Greary cooper
Mary Satterthwaite, pauper Thomas Jackson ^ - Anne Hutton - .
Jonah Walker
■
Age.
104 I Of 105 105 107 lOI
107 1 01 100 100 100 102 106 100
lOI
106 102 100 104 102 102
112
100 104
too 106 Upwards of 100 j: 102 103 102 100
* William Hewitt died in 17699 aged 87 ; Mary, his wife, in 1787, aged 100. (Epitaph.)
f His epitaph is as follows: *^ Joseph Peel, bom at Bank-end Feb. Zt 1684; he lived in the reign of eight princes; viz; King Charles U., King James II., King William III., Queen Mary, Queen Anne, and three King Georges; a^ed 106 years 10 months, and was buried Nov. i6f 1790." — '* Annos cvi. natus, tot enim vixit Josephus Peel; ita ferebat duo quae maxima putantur opera, paupertatem & senectutem, ut eis psene delectari videretur.** There is a portrait of this old sailOr at NetherhalU the seat of Humphrey Senhouse, Esq. with whose ancestor he lived as servant when a boy. He went to sea at 17^ and was in the voyage with. Captain Stradling, when Alexander Selkirk was left at Juan Fernandes in 1744. ^^ ^^ acquired a small estate, but was in his old age reduced to poverty by his children ; he dined at Netherhall on his 1 00th birth day, which he had. previously ascertained by examining the register. This poor man died in consequence of a remarkable accident ; of the bruises which he received by a fall from his horse ; the horse having started at being lumoyed by the claws of a cat, which he had been employed to carry some miles in a basket.
% The account in Hutchinson states him to have been 107*
§ Six of Thomas Jackson's chOdren are living, the eldest of whom is 91, the next 899 the others from 84 to 76.
Vol, IV.
g
1797-
CUMBERLAND.
Date.
PuifbwC^pelfy.
1797. Nor. u.
1798. April 22. i8oo. Aug. II.
i8oi. Jan. 26.
■ » April 8. i8o2. Oct. 16.
■ Dec. 29.
1803. Mar. 29. July 8. Aug. 21.
1804. June I.
■ ■-* Nov. 1 2.
1805. ^^^* 2* Feb. 13. June II. Aug. 5. Oct. 28.
Nov. 27.
1806. Dec. 8.
1807. Aprfl28.
Aug. 4.
— ^— Dec. 30.
1808. May 7. i8io. June 22.
181 1. Jan. 26.
■ ■ Nov. 26.
1 81 2. July 24. — — . Nov. 23.
1813. Mar. 13. May 6.
1 8 14. Feb* 24.
I
Seberghwn
Dalstoa
Distington •
Whitehaven
Triaityy Whitehaven
Farlam
Harruigtoa •
Wigton
Kiriclinton
Greyatock
St. Cuthbert^ Carihle -
Moresby
St. Cuthbert, Carlisle - |
Kirklinton
Sebergham
St. James, Whitehaven -
Trinity, Whitehavea
St. James, Whitehaven -
St. Bride
Trinity, Whitehaven
Kirklinton
Namet, &c.
Loweswater
St. Nichoktf, Whitehaven
HarrmgUm
Stanleton
St. Nicholas, Whitehaven
Whicham
Wigton
Cleator
St. Nicholas, Whitehaven
Penrith
Rauffhton-head
Lorton
Stapleton
Kirklinton Bromfield
Keswick
Duncan Robinson*, of Wamell-fell Hannali Gate^ widow, of Gatesgill - Anne Wilson « - • - • Sarah Miller, Quaker ... John Hannah, mariner ... J<rim Miniers,. of Brackenside - Mary Creavy,. widow - - . Margaret M^Call^ widow John Carruthers, senior ... Isaac Noble, of Berrier ... Bridget, widow of George Bowman - JohnM«Whey . . . . Jane* widow of Thomas Jameson,')
late of Mellerby - - -J Eleanor Mofiat,^ of Broamhill - Thomas Wilkinson, of Currigg Ann Brownriffff, widow ... William Woodbum, shoemaker William Welsh, tinker - Mary Steel, widow ...
Sarah Young . . . . - Anne Sawyer, widow ... Hannah Wilton f, widow Mr. John Mirehouse %, of Miresyke - John Brown . . . . - Elizabeth Tolsoa, widow William Melichan .... Mary Laycock .... Margaret Biggins .... Elizid>eth Fumess, widow Francis Forster, miller ... Olivia Greara ....
John Ireland -
Tamar Strong .... Sarah Wilson, of Armiside Archibald Green .... Elizabeth Bell, widow ... John Milliken, of Mount Mrs. Elizabeth Barwis, widow ofl
John Barwis, Esq. of Langrigg-hall j Mrs. Margaret Threlfall> mother ofl
Mrs. Wood, at the Queen's Head, V
(buried at Urswick, Lancashire) }
Age.
100 lOI lOI lOI lOI ICX>
102 101
100 100 102
103
100
104
104
102
100 105 100 ICX>
103
102
lOl lOI
102 106 100 102 102
105
104 100 103
100
lOI
105
106
100
105
* An old soldier, a native of the Highlands of Scotland ; he fbught under tJie Duke of Marl- borough ; against the rebels, in 17 15 and 1 745 ; and inmost of the actions in Flanders during the reign of George IJ. (Hutchinson II. 424.)
f She lived 75 years in the family of the late Governor Stephenson, under five successive masters, and durmg the latter part of her life had an annuity allowed her, by her last master Rowland Stephenson, Esq. (See Gent. Mag.)
% His father died in 177I1 at the age of 92 ; his mother in 17769 at the 1^ of 97 ; having lived together more than 68 years. On entering his icx>th year, he gave an entertainment to thirty or forty of his friends, put on a new coat on the occasion, and spent the day with tho greatest cheerfulness and gaiety.
The
CUMBERLAND. li
The most extraordinary instance of longevity in a native of Cumberland is that of John Taylor, bom at Garragill, in the parish of Aldston-moor, a parish by no means remarkable for the long lives of its inhabitants, the greater part of whom are labourers in the lead-mines. Taylor had been em* ployed in these mines from his childhood ; he went below ground at eleven years of age, and was fourteen or fifteen at the time of the great solar eclipse, called in the North Mirk Monday, which happened March 39th, 1652. From that time till 1752, except for two years, during which he was em- ployed in the mint at Edinburgh, he wrought in the mines at Aldston, at Kackhall in the bishopric of Durham, and in various parts of Scotland. la the year 1 767, an accoimt of him was sent to Dr. Lyttelton, Biriiop of Car» lisle, by Mr. J. Walker of Mofl&t, and conmiunicated to the Society of An- tiquaries ; he was then living in the neighbourhood of Moffiit, near tiie Lead- hills mines, in which he had been employed several years. Upon applying to the Rev, Alexander Johnson, minister of Moffat, he iitformed ua, that John Taylor's residence was in the parish (^ Crawford ; that as no regular register of burials was kept in that parish, the exact date of his death oould not be ascertained, but that according to the best information that he oould procure, it happened some time in the year 1772* John Taylor married when he was between sixty aiid seventy, and had nine children by his wife, who died in 1758 : two of his sons were living at L6ad4iills in 1767 ' : at the time of his decease he must have been 155 years c^age.
The number of persons in Cumberland \ whose ages havg^been -from 90 to 99 indusive, sinoe the ages have been noted in the parish registers, is above 1,120; of these about one-fourth have attained or exceeded the age of 95. In the parish of Bewcastle, where the average number of burials is about sixteen, and the population about 1,070, there occurred, within the space of for1?f yeuis, three persons of 95 years of age, five of 97, one of 98, and one of 99, besides those of 100 years of age or upwards, notrced in the table. Genendly s^>eaking, the inhabitants of Cumberland, who live to this protracted age, are healthy and strong, capaible of performing the functions of their several stations, and even of partaking ci* tiie amiisements of life, almost to its close. Elston Cowman, a farmer of Distington, who died in 18 14, at the age of 98, was appointed collector of the property-tax at 90, and executed the office ably and faithfully for some
" Archsalogia, voL I. p- 231-^233.
^ The number df which our notes express the exact ^e is 753 ; of these, 191 were 95 yean of ftge or upwards ; of t!ie remainder, we only know that their ages were from 90 tor 99 inclusiTe ; but dlTiding the nuaiber in tha aaoae proportion, tliasa who haTO Jrtlaiiitd the age of 95 wll b^ about one*fourtb.
g a years.
lii CUMBERLAND.
years. Thomas Elliot^ a poor man, who died at Arlochden, in 1785, at the age of 104, was seen by our conespondent, at Arlochden fair, whither he had walked some miles, stripped of his coat, hat, &c. dancing and singing with great glee. John Taylor, before spoken of, worked in the mines till he was about 115. Some instances of remarkable contemporary longevity, may be here noticed : William Bowman, of Dearham, who died in 1800, at the age of 87, and his wife, who survived liim, and died at the age of 9 1 , lived together 64 years. Anthony and Isabella Walker, who died at the ages of 82 and 84, lived together as man and wife in the same house 61 years : Elizabeth the daughter of Anthony Walker married Henry Bacon, and she and her husband lived 62 years in the same house as man and wife, dying at the ages of 96 and 82. Mr. John Mirehouse of Miresyke, in Loweswater, who died in 1771, at the age of 92, and his wife, who died in 1776, at the age of 97, lived more than 68 years together. Mr. Wright, the late curate of Matterdale, died at the age of 85 ; his wife, who survived him, at 92. In Moresby church-yard is a memorial for Robert Steele, aged 90, and Jane his wife, aged 95. John Robinson, of Little-Bampton, died in 1789, aged 100 ; his wife in 1791, aged 91. The Rev. Thomas Jefiferson, who died in 1768, at the age of 95, was minister of Cockermouth 68 years. The Rev. George Braithwaite, who died curate of St. Mary's, Carlisle, in 1753, at the age of 1 10, is said to have been a member of the cathedral for upwards of 100 years, having first become a member of the establishment as a chorister.
It is natural to inquire into the causes which have occasioned the pre- valence of longevity in some counties and districts more than in others ; but such inquiries do not appear to produce any satisfactory result. It is generally supposed that the climate of the northern counties is favourable to longevity, but, as we have already observed, the district most remarkable for longevity in Cornwall is the southern coast. In Cumberland it seems to be confined to no particular district: the parishes which border on the Fells on the east side of the county, are rather more remarkable for longevity than those on the western coast ; but there is little difierence except in the large towns. We could obtain no conclusion with respect to the diet and habits pf the long-lived inhabitants of this county ; as far as we had an op- portunity of making the inquiry, some were abstemious, some intemperate. John Taylor, whose employment was frequently by night in the mines, ate heartily at any hour of the day or night, and drank freely : the most re- markable circumstance of his habits was the little sleep he took, which was so little, that his life was half as long again as that of any other person of the
same age.
6 Division
CUMBERLAND. IHi
" Division of the County into Baronies.
After William the Conqueror had given the county of Cumberland to Ranulph de Meschines, who had married his niece, and whom he made Earl of Carlisle, or, as some say, of Cumberland, this Earl divided the county into eleven baronies ; Copeland, Allerdale below Derwent, Wigton, Burgh^ Dalston, Greystock, Gilsland, Crosby, Liddell, and a nameless barony in the south-east part of the county, under the fells, given to Adam Fitz- Swein. He reserved in his own hands the forest of Inglewood, which afterwards became part of the Crown demesne. A part of this was some time, by royal grant, vested in the Kings of Scotland, afterwardst resumed by the Crown, and granted to the Nevils. The whole was granted by King William HI. to the Portland family, and is now vested in the Duke of Devonshire*
The barony of Copeland was given by Ranulph to William' de Meschines, some say his brother, others a younger son, who built the castle of Egre- mont, and gave tliat name to the barony, which comprised the whole ward of Allerdale above Derwent except the honour of Cockermouth. William de Meschines left an only daughter ; and this barony passed by successive female heirs to Fitz-Duncan, Lucy, and Multon, who took the name of Lucy. The division between coheiresses in this family will be more particularly spoken of hereafter. The whole became eventually vested, by gift and purchase, in the Percy family, whose ancestor married Maud', heiress of Anthony Lord Lucy, in the fourteenth century, and is now vested in the Earl of Egremont, by descent from Charles Duke of Somerset, who married the heiress of the noble family of Percy. The honour of Cockermouth, with the lordship of the five towns, Brigham, Dean^ Eaglesfield, Braithwaite, and Greysouthem, was given by William de Meschines to Waldeof or Waldieve, son of Gospatric Earl of Dunbar } and except a temporary possession by the WhartonsS has passed in the same manner as the barony of Egremont, and is now the property of the Earl of Egremont.
The great barony of Allerdale, given also by William de Meschines to Waldieve, has passed in the manner already described under the barony of Egremont, and is now the property of the Earl of Egremont.
* This Maud gave the whole of her inheritance to her second husband, the Earl of Northumber- land) and his heirs, ^ See the account of Cockermouth and the other townships.
The
Kv CUMBERLAND.
The barony pf Wigton *^ was given by William de Meschines to Waldeof^ and by the latter to Odard de Logis, whose posterity took the name of Wigton, and became extinct in the male line about the middle of the four- teenth century, after which the barony of Wigton passed to the family of Luqr, and has descended iWth AUerdale to the Earl of Egremont.
The barony of Burgh ' was given by Earl Ranulph to Robert D'Estrivei^ from whose family it passed by suco^sive heirs female to the fiunilies of Moryill^ Multon, Dacre, and Howard. In 1684 it was purchased of Henry Duke of Norfolk by the ancestor of the Earl of Lonsdale, who is the present proprietor.
The barony of Gilsland^ was given by Earl Ranulph to his relation Hubert de Valtibus or Vaux. From his family it passed^ by successive heirs female to the Multons, Dacres, and Howards^ and is now the property o£ Charles Earl of Carlisle. Naworth Castle has long been the chief* seat of this barcmy ; it is supposed to have been at an earlier period at Irthington.. . The barony of Dalston was given by Earl Ranulph to a yoisaager brother of the Vaux family ; but having escheated to the Crown, it was granted by King Henry III. to the Bishqps of Carlisle. It comprises only the parish of Dalston : the north part of the barony, which is in the parish of St Mary Carlisle, was assigned to the Prior, and now fcmns the manor of John de Capella, bdonging ^o the Dean and Chapter.
The barony of Crosby, given by Earl Ranulph to Waldeof, was by the latter conveyed to the second Bishop of Carlisle and his successors, and is still annexed to the see. It comprises the parish of Crosby, and part of Stanwix;.
The barony <^ liddell, oomprmng the parities of Artimret and Kirk- Andrews, w^as given by Eavl Ranulph to Turgis de Brcmdas or Brundey : it wa» afterwards m the Estotevilles, and passed by marrispge to die Wakes* The heiress of Lord Wake \wmtg msurfied Pkoitagenefc Earl of Kent> k came eventually to the Crown. Having been granted to Creorge Gli£^rd, Esjrl of Cumberland, it was purchased of him in the reign of James I. by the ancestor of Sir James Graham, Bart, the present proprietor.
« It comprised the manors of Wigton, Waverton, Blencogo, Dimdraw* Oulton, Kirkbride, and their dependencies,
^ This barony comprises the parishes of Burgh, Bowness, Aikton, Thursby, Orton, Kirk- Bampton, Beaumont, Kirk- Andrews on Eden, and Grinsdale.
' This barony extends over the greater part of Eskdale ward, and the parish of A instable m lieath ward.
The
CUMBERLAND.
Iv
The barony of Kirklevington, or KirkHntoB, which comprised the parishes o£ Kirklinton and Scalesby, was given by Earl Raimlph to the Boyvilis, amongst whose coheirs it was divided at an early period.
The barony of Greystock, comprising the parishes of Greystock and Dacre, was given by Earl Ranulph to Lyolf, whose descendants took the name of Greystock ; from them it passed by female desceiit- to the Dacres and How- ards, and is now the property of his Grace the Duke of Norfolk,
The barony given by Eari Ranulph to Adam Fitz-Swein, and called after Us name, comprised the parishes of Kirkland, Melmerby, &c. This barony was at an early period divided into severalties*
Kirk'Oswald was also formerly a barony, though not enumerated among those distributed by Eari Ranulph. It comprised the parishes of Kirk- Oswald ami Croglin. This barony belonged to the Engaynes, and passed by female descent to the MorviUes and Dacres.
The proprietors of the several baronies, particularly those of the larger ones, granted numerous manors to tbeir dependents^ most of which having passed throi^h various hands, continue to be held under sack of the baronies as sttll exist«
Nohility of the County^
Title qf Cumberland.
Ranjejlpbl db Mbscbones ^ is by some^ said to have been made Eari of Cumberlas^ by William the Canqneror \ others say Earl of Carlisle. Henry, Lofd Clifford ^ was created Eaoi of Cumberiand in 1525. The title became extinct by the death of Henry, die fifth Earl, in 1643. The fbUowing year King Charles created his cousin, Brince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland ; the title became extinct at l^s death, in 168 a. Prince George of Denmark, created Duke of Cumberland in 1689, died in 1708. Prince William Augustus, son of King George IL was created Duke of Cumberland in ^7^3 ; dying without issue in 1765, the title vr^ revived in the person
.^^ikiik)^
^ Anns. -— Or, a lion nunpant. Gules.
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B Anns.— Checkv, Or, and Azure, a fdsie, Gules.
of
Ivi CUMBERLAND.
of Prince Henry Frederick, His present Majesty's brother, who died witliout issue in 1790. In 1799 Prince Ernest Augustus, His Majesty's fifth son, was created Duke of Cumberland, and still enjoys that title.
HowABD, Duke of Norfolk. — The noble family of Howard first became connected with this county by the marriage of Philip, Earl of Arundel, and I,ord Wmiam Howard, sons of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, who was belieaded in 1572, with Anne and Elizabeth, sisters and coheiresses of Geoi^e, Lord Dacre, Baron of Greystock and Gilsland, who died in 1569. On a partition of the property the Earl of Arundel became possessed of Greystock, which barony ' has ever since been one of the titles of his noble descendants. Henry Frederic, Earl of Arundel, who died in 1652, father of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, who was restored to the title of Duke of Norfolk, settled the Greystock estate on his fourth son, the Honourable Charles Howard. Upon the death of Edward, Duke of Norfolk, without issue, in 1777, Charles Howtu-d, Esq. of Greystock, grandson of the above-mentioned Charles, succeeded to the dukedom, and was father of Charles, the present duke, who occasionally resides at the ancient castellated mansion of Greystock.
Arms: — Quarterly i. Gules, on a bend, be- tween six cross crosslets, fitchee, Argent, an escutcheon Or, therein a demi-Hon rampant, (pierced through the mouth with an arrow,) within a double tressure, fioiy-counter-flory. Gules, (being an augmentation granted in re- membrance of the victory over the Scots at Floddon Field). Howard.' a. G. three lions passant-guardant in pale. O, a label of three points in chief Argent. Brotherton. 3. Cheeky O. and Az. Warren. 4. G. a lion lampant
' John de Greystock, whoee ancestors had long possessed the barony of Grej-stock, waa ■ummoned to parliament 13 Edward I. Kfclph, the last Lord Greystock, of thb femily, died in 1487; his grand-daughter and sole heiress, Elizabeth Greystock, married Thomas, Lord Dacre.
Arms of Greystock : — Barry of six. Ai^. and Azure j three ch^leU, Or.
Arg.
CUMBERLAND.
Ivfi
K
I
ATg. armed and langucd Az. Mowbray. Behind the whde, two marshals, staves in saltire, O. enamelled at each end. Sab. having the King's arms at the upper, and those of Howard at the lower end, being the badge of the hereditary office of Earl Marshal.
Crest : — On a chapeau G. turned up, Erm. a lion statant guardant O. (his tail extended) gorged with a ducal coronet Arg.
Supporters: — On the dexter side a lion, and on the sinister a horse, both Arg. the latter holding a slip of oak, fructed. Proper.
«
Howard, Earl of Carlisle. — Charles Howard, great great grandson of Lord William, who, as before-mentioned, married one of the cc^eiresses of Lord Dacre of Gilsland ; after that title had lain dormant nearly a hundred years «, was in 1661 created Baron Dacre of Gilsland, and Earl of Carlisle. The present Earl, Frederick Howard, is the fifth lineal pos-
sessor of these honors, and proprietor of the barony of Gilsland, and of Naworth Castle, the ancient baronial seat» in which he keeps a few rooms, fitted up for his occasional residence.
Arms and crest : — The same as those of the Duke of Norfolk, with a mullet for difierence.
Supporters: — On the dexter side a lion Arg. with a mullet, on the sinister a bull, G. armed, unguled, and
ducally gorged and chained. Or.
«
Wyndham, Earl of Egremont. — Algernon Seymour, Duke of Soineniet, having inherited from his mother, the heiress of Percy, Earl of Northum- berland, the barony of Lucy, and the honours of Cockermouth and Egte- mont, in Cumberland, was in 1749 created Baron Cockermouth of Cock^. mouth, and Earl of Egremont, with remainder to his nephew Sir Charles Wyndham, Bart, of Orchard- W3mdham, in the county of Somerset. The duke died in 1750, when Sir Charles Wyndham became Earl of Egremont, and dying in 1763, was succeeded by his son George, the second Earl, wh<i
' Ranulph de Dacre, who married the heiress of the barony of Gilsland, was summoned to parliament i Edward II. After the heiress of Thomas, the sixth Lord Dacre, had carried away the inheritance of great part of the estate, and her husband. Sir Richard Fynes, had been declared Lord Dacre, 37 Henry VI. the male heirs contmued to be summoned to parliament, and were distinguished by the appellation of the Lords Dacre of the North. After the death of George, Lord Dacre, the last male heir, in 1569, the title lay dormant, till revived in the descendant in the female line, as above-mentioned.
,VoL. IV. h possesses
im CUMBERLAND.
pMVMSftl ft 99m^f9b^ ettete 91 this county* m4 the aaoient ontIe« of jy^Jlp . Cod^ermoiith and £gremont« Tbfi latter fa wholly io ruina ;
^n t|^ former are ojq? 9^ two ra^ms^ oee«^Qm|ly 9C«^^ by its noble owner.
Arms ; — Azure, a ch^vrpn between ^oe Uons' hfads, erased^ Or.
Crest : — A lion's head, erased, within a fetterlock, Or. . i^upporters — On the dexter side a lion rampant, Azu^^ winged. Or } on the sinister side, a griffin, Argent, gutt6 deSan^.
][^WTH£B, E«ffl of Lonsdale. — r The ancient family pf Lowther, who, €com ^i&oiqitfi period, had been seated sit Lowthj^r^ in,th^ adjoining county of Westt ipQrlfn4f s^l^iBar tp have been first conneeted I'^th this county in the reign gf £dwa3^4 L wl^en Sir Hugh Lowther, thf Kin^'^ Attorney General, W9S pos- Bfjasi^ 9f the m9AW of Wythoip, tnd purchased New^n-Re^y of Rcdbert^ur- fU^ Bi^ljiop of Bath and Well^. There were mansiopa on both thiMe estates i Wythorp-hall was certainly for a considerable time one ofib^^^^ts^^the I^owther fstm^y* ]p*rom the tiqtie ali>pve-mentjqned tl^e Lowth^rs ^'Pqueptly appear in the lists of sheriffi and kni^h^ of the shir^p In ^fut li^ 9f gently %fi^ comity resumed by the ppmmissipners in the Jiath yepif gf Heqrv VL W^ fin4 £h^ branches of this aadent %nily described as resident n^ Cum« berland } Sir Hugh Lowth w^^ yf\ux w^^ ^t the fifld 9^' A^coigr^ wi^ King Henry V. } William Lowther \ of Crookdake i John Lowther, of AUerby (in Aspitfmft); 9nd William I^wtheis of Rose. THbiese prpbably are all long ago e>tW(t» except ^ha^ of Sir £[i%h, who y^sk then t^ie hei4 of the fiumly. Sir Ctak^^hPh tlvp second spja of his immediate descendaAt Sir John Lowth^t 9f Lowther, who died in i$37> sett^led at Whitehaven, and was ^e^jt^fi^ a \>aronet in 1641. This branch became extinct by the death of Sir Jamesi U^ fourth baronet, v^ 1755, when the Whitehaven estate devolved \aukr his wfll to Sir James Lowther ', who had before succeeded to the Lowther estate a^d a baronet's title on the death of Henry Viscount Lcms- dales in 1750. Sir James Lowther was in 1784, created Baron Lowther,
^ Son prqbablj of Sir William Lowther of Crookdake, who was sheriff of Cumberland in the |f|i^ of Henry. IV. Sir William was second son of Sir John, (temp. Edward III. )
' Sir James Lowther was descended from Robert Lowther, of Meabum, in Westmorland, second surviving son of Sir John Lowther, who was created a baronet in 1640.
^ Thi^ Lord Lonsdale, by whose death the elder branch became extinct, was son cf Sir John Lowther, Bart, who had been created Viscount Lonsdale in 1696. His grand-fiither, *6ir John Lo?rther, of Lowther, had been created a Baronet of Nora Scotia in 1640.
^tTMSSALAND.
lit
of Lowther, Baron of Kendal» baroii of tife burdn/ of Buf^ m ifae oefinty of Cumberland, Viscount Lonsdale and Lowther, and Earl of Lonsdale. In 1 79f7 he was created BAr6n arid Vfeoomit LoWtk^, of Whitehivtev ^th t^mimdit to thii heiM thale of his coustil, tfe« lat^ Aev. Sir William Lowth«#, <lf 9#illin^dn, Biit ^ Upon his ddAtk, ifa i8oi» Sit WilliMi Lowther, Bwi 96ii(}f Sif WiUidm lasit^theiltidned, sudc^ef^ded by d^Viie to his large possessions in Cumberland and Westmorland, and to !he entailed titles of Baron and Vis- count Lowther, of Whitehaveh : in 1 807 he i*rail created Earl of Lonsdale,
The maisirin at Whitehaven, which had been rebuilt by the late early i^ his lordship's occasional residence.
The ailciestots of Lord Lbnsdale have married the heiresses of Quald, Strickland, arid Lancaster
Arm^ of Lfewthet, Earl of Ldrisdjfli : — Or, six iAnidets, Sable.
Crest : — On a wreath a dragon passant, Argent. iSupjJortelrs : — TWo hfrtrees, Argeftt^ each fCKged witl a
chaplet of laufeS, Proper.
, ■ <
fiaron GtCEtifocK. See THAn df Norfdfc.
B^dn t)A(ik^ otitke S6uth. -^Itantdph cfe Hacr^, #li6 m^iihi^d th4h^i«M of MtOtbH, of Gilslatt4 was summoned to parliattttrit in th« Mm year of Edv^dtd'IL After the death of Thomas, the siith Lord Dacre, >fiar Richard fpi€i, tfrho married the daughter and hitiY df Thomte, his Ad&fianf ahd be<iame po^ses^eci of Dd^fe ciastle the ^ricienf i^edt (if thi fainilj!^, wa^ ill 1459» declared fey tfeg Uiiig^^ jJaterit to be Lord Dacre' ; arid his posterity w6r* known by the description of the Lords' f)adr6 of the S6utH. Tliis ancie'nf
fe^rony having passed by female heirs fhrou^ the families of Lennard and Roper, is noW jiosseSsed by Gertriide, only sister and heir of the late Charles Trevor Roper, the eigh- teenth Lord Dacre, who was married in 1771 to Thomas Bi^rid; Esq. of the Hod, in llertfordshiTe, by \frhfem She has two sons and a daughter.
Anns 6f Dacre : — Gules, three escallops Afgeht.
Supporters : — A wolf dog argent, collared Or, and a bull Gules, ducally gorged and armed. Or.
Btt <nt
* Descended from Sir William, third son of Sir John Lowther, who died in 1637* His ttfl^ic^ Sir William Lowther, was created a baronet in X715 ; Sir William, the second baronet
ha of
1x CUMBERLAND.
Banm Dacbe of the North. See Earl of Cariisle.
Baron Lucy, of Cockermouth Anthony de Lucy, whose father Thomas
Multon, had assumed that name on marrying one of the coheiresses of Lucy of Egremont; was sumiponed to parliament 14 Edward IL Maud, aunt, and heir of Anthony Lord Luc^, who died in 13891 settle.d her large inheritance upon her second husband Hugh Percy, and his heirs male, on condition that they should always bear the arms of Lucy quartered with those of Percy. This ancient barony having passed by heirs female to the families of Seymour and Smithson, is now possessed by his Grace the Duke of Northumberland.
Arms of the Barons Lucy: — Gules, three fish (luces) hauriant, Ai^nt.
Law, Lord Ellenborough. — Tlie present Lord Chief Justice of the
King's Bench having attained by his eminent abililies the highest honours
of his profession, was in the year 1802 advanced to the peerage, when he
took the title of Ellenborough, a well known place near Maryport in this
county, the site of a Roman station, and the property of his intimate iriend,
the late Humphrey Senhous^ Esq. of Nether-liall. This eminent lawyer
is a native of Cumberland, having been bom in the year
1750 at Great-Salkeld, of which parish his &ther, then
Eirchdeacon, and afterwards Bishop of Carlisle, was rector.
Anns : — Erm. a bend engraU'd, G. charged with three
mullets, Arg. between two cocks of the second.
Crest : — A cock. Gules.
Supporters : — Two eagles, each charged on the breast with a mitre.
Pennington, Lord Muncaster. — This ancient family took their name from Pennington, in Lancashire, at which place and at Mulcastie, now Muncaster, in this county, they were settled before the reign of Henry IL
oFthitbiwch, having no isBue, aod hit brother being dead without iaiue, left hia estatei to hia fint cousin, the Rev. WiUiam Lowther, rector of SwiUingtOD, iriio wm cieUed 1 barooet
CUMBERLAND.
hd
The family were sometimes called de Mulcaster, and some of the younger branches continued that name for several descents. Sir William Penning- ton, the immediate descendant of the elder branch, was in 1676 created a baronet. In the year 1783, John, elder son of Sir Joseph Pennington, the fourth baronet, was created Lord Muncaster of the Kingdom of Ireland, with remainder to his only brother Lowther Pennington. On the death
of the late Lord Muncaster, in 1 8 m, his brother. General Lowther Pennington, succeeded to the title. Arms : — Or, five fusils in fesse. Azure. Crest : — On a wreath, a cat-a-mountain, passant-guar- dant, Proper.
Supporters : — On the dexter side, a lion guardant^ Proper, charged on the breast with an oak branch, Vert : on the sinister side, a horse reguardant, Proper, bridled. Or.
Ha^Hnct Peerages.
Earldom of Carlisle. — Ranulph de Meschines had the £ar)dom of Carl^e " given him by William the Conqueror. His son of the same name, who was also Earl of Chester, surrendered the Earldom of CarUsle to King Henry I.
Sir Andrew de Hercla or Harcla was created Earl of Carlisle by King lEdward II. in the fifteenth year of his reign. This title he enjoyed but a short time, for, in the following year he was arrested in his castle of Carlisle,
for treasonable correspondence with the Scots, degraded from his knighthood, by ungirding his sword, and hacking ofi^ his spurs, hanged, drawn, and quartered, his head being placed on London-bridge, and his four quarters thus dis- posed, one on the keep of Carlisle Castle, one on the keep of the castle at Newcastle, a third on York-bridge^/^and ti^Q fourtli at Shrewsbury. "^ — .
Arms : — Arg. a cross, Gul. in the first quait^]^ mardet^ SaWe. ^- . • •:•'
» «
See Vincent. Dugdale speaks See Brooke's Vincent,^. 97.
Hat,
Ixii
CUMBERLAND.
Hir^ Eail ofCaiMe. -^ Sir James Hay, of a Scots family, was in 1622 created Earl of Carlisle. Tlie title became ex^ tinct by the death of James, the second £arl» without issue, in i66o. The Earl of Kinnoul is of the same family.
Arms : — Ant. three escutcheons. G.
Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater. — Sir Francis RaiJclifte, Bitot, of Dalston, in Northumberland, descended from the Radcliffes of Oastlerig, on Derwentwater lake, whose ancestor had married the heiress of Derwent- water, was in 1688 created Eaii of Derwentwater, which title was forfeited by the attainder of James, third Earl of Derwentwater, beheaded in 17 16, for being concerned in the rebellion of the preceding year. The eldest branch of this ancient family became extinct in the male line by the death of Anthony James Radcliflfe, Earl of Newburgh, in 18 14. The late Eaii of Newbuigh, whose father had claimed that Scotch earldom, in right of
his mother, was great nephew of the last Earl of Derwent- water.
An ancestor of the Earls of Derwentwater married the heiress of Carrington. Some younger branches of the family have continued the male line.
Arms of Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater: — Arg. a bend engrailed. Sable.
Crest : — Chi a ducal coronet, Or, a bull's head erased, Sable.
Lord Wake, of Liddell. — John, Lord Wake, whose fa- ther had acquired the barony of Liddell in marriage with the heiress of Estoteville or StutevUle ; was summoned to parliament 23 Edw. I. The heiress^ of Thomas, the second Lord Wake, nfturried Edmund Platttagenet, Earl of Kent, whose daughter married Edward the Black Prince.
Arms. — Or, a fesse, Gules, in chief, three torteaux.
^©Vi®':'®;
Bar<m
CUMBEELAND.
Ixm
Baron Multon of Gilsiand. — Thomas de Miikoily whose grandfather had married the heiress of Vauz, I^rd of the
his daughter and heir married Ralph de Dacre.
Arms. — Argent, 3 bars. Gules, with a label of five points.
Banm Multon of Egremont. — Thomas de Multon, grandson of Lambert de Multon, who married one of the two coheiresses of Lucy, baron of l^remoot } was sum- moned to parliament 28 £dw. L This barony became ex- tinct or dormant, by the death of John, the second Lord Multon of Egremont, in 1 535. His three sisters, married to Fitz^rWalter, Bermicham, and Lucy, were his coheiresses.
Arms. — The eam^ without the labeL
HARmeroK Lord HAamoroN* — This andent family took their name from the village of Harington, on the west coast, the manor of which place they possessed from a very early period, till the extinction of their male Kne, in the reign of Henry VL ; John de Harington was summoned to parliament
18 Edw. n.: his grandson, William, Lord Harington died without male issue in 1458 : his daughter and heir married WilHam Lcnrd Bonville.
The Harington family, before the extinction of the elder line married the heiresses of Seaton and Canc^eld, and coheiresses o£ Multon «id Loring. From youi^r branches of this &mily, descended the Lords Harington of Exton, the Haringtons of Rutlandshire, Berooets, &c. &c. Arms. — Sable, a fret Argent.
Besides the above*mentioned parliamentary Barons, there have been several ancient baronial £unilies which became extinct, before summonses to parliament were issued, as the early possessors of the great lordsh^ of AUerdale-, the &mily of Vaux who had the barony of Gilsland, before the Multons j the Estotevilles or Stutevilles, who had the barony of
LiddeU ;
CUMBERLAND,
Liddell ; the Engaynes and MorviUes, successively Lords of the barony of Burgh; the Wigtons, who had the barony of Wigton, the Fitz* iSweines, &c.
Baronets.
MusoRAVE of Edenhall, 1611. — The Musgraves are descended from the ancient baronial family of Musgrave in Westmorland. Sir Thomas Musgrave, who died in 1469 or 1470, married the elder daughter and coheir of Stapleton of Edenhall, His descendant, Sir Richard, who had been made Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King James, was created a baronet in 161 1 ; and was the immediate ancestor of Sir Philip Musgrave, the present and eighth baronet. The descents have been lineal, except in the jST I instance of Sir Richard, who died in 1687, leaving an
^^ only daughter and heiress married to Davyson of Blackston,
in Durham, and was succeeded by his next brother. Besides the coheiress of Stapleton, the Musgraves have married co*" heiresses of Ward and Cogan.
Arms. — Azure, 6 annulets, three, two, one, Or. Crest. — Out of a wreath, two arms counter-embowedt armed and gauntled. Proper, exhibiting an annulet> Or.
MysoRAVE of Hayton*castle, baronet of NovaScotia, 1 638.— The Musgraves of Hayton-castle, were descended from Nicholas, third son of Sir Thomas Mus- grave, who married the coheiress of Stapleton : this Nicholas, who died in 1500, married the heiress of Colvill, of Hayton-castle, the representative of the Tilliols : his great-grandson was made baronet of Nova-Scotia, in 1638. Sir Richard Musgrave, the fifth baronet, bore the name of Hilton, pursuant to the will of his maternal unde : his only daughter, Mrs. JolifTe, now pos- sesses the Hayton-estate ; the title went to his brother. Sir William, who died without issue ; afterwards, to the late General Sir Thomas Musgrave, and is now enjoyed by (the ninth baronet in succession,) Sir James, son of the late Sir James Musgrave erf* Bamesley-park, in Gloucestershire, who died in 1814.
The Musgraves of Hayton, since the separation from the Edenhall branch, have married the coheiresses of Martindale, Sherburne, James, and Hedworth. ^
Arms. — The same as Musgrave of Edenhall, with due difierence.
^ The coat of Hedworth is not quartered by the present family, the coheiress of that name liaving been the wife of Sir Richard Hilton, who died in 1 755, s. p. m.
The
CUMBERLAND-
Ixv
The Musgraves of Crookdake were descended from William^ fourth son of Sir Thomas Musgrave, who married the coheuress of Stapleton ; this Wil- liam married a coheiress of Colvill alias TillioL One of the coheiresses of Musgrave of Crookdake married Sir John Ballantine, of whom Joseph Dykes Ballantine Dykes, Esq. is the representative.
Graham of Esk and Netherby, 1628 and 1782. — The Grahams of the borders are supposed to have been descended from John, second son of the first Earl of Monteith. Richard second son of Fergus Graham of Plump, in the parish of Kirk- Andrews on Esk, was created a baronet in 1628, being de- scribed as Graham of Eske. The second son of Sir Richard Graham having settled at Norton-Conyers, in Yorkshire, was created a baronet in 1662, and was ancestor of Sir Bellingham Graham, Bart. Sir George, the second baronet of Esk, resided at Netherby, the present family seat : his son. Sir Richard, was in 1680, created Viscount Preston of the kingdom of Scotland ; after the revolution, being apprehended in a boat on the river Thames, as he was about to leave the kingdom for the purpose of joining the abdicated monarch, he was tried and found guilty of high treason, but after a time received a pardon. Upon the death of Charles, the third viscount without issue in 1739J the title of baronet devolved to Charles, eld^r son of Dn William Graham, some time Dean of Carlisle, fourth son of Sir George, the second baronet 5 but it was not, we believe, for some years claimed, nor is any account of this family inserted in the baronetages of 1741 or 1773. The title has been claimed, and is now enjoyed by Sir Robert Graham, the immediate descendant of the above-mentioned Charles, who is engaged in a mercantile concern, and resides in London. In the year 1782 James Graham, Esq. whose father. Dr. Robert Graham, second son of the Dean of Carlisle, had inherited the Netherby estate under the will of Lady Widdrington, surviving sister and sole heiress of the last Lord Preston, was created a baronet, and is the present possessor of Netherby. The
first baronet married a coheiress of Musgrave of Cumcatch. Arms of Graham : — Quarterly, i and 4. O. on a chief
Sable, 3 escallops of the field, 2 and 3. Or, a fesse cheeky,
Arg. and Az. in chief a chevron G. all within a border
engrail'd. Argent.
Crest: — Issuing from a wreath O. and S. a demivol.
Or.
Fletcher of Clea-Hall, 1782. — The Fletcher family are descended from
3¥illiam Fletcher, a merchant of Cockermouth, who lived in the reign of
Vol. IV. i Henry
hcvi
CUMBERLAND-
Henry VIIL; his great grandson Henry Fletcher, Esq. g£ Hutton, was created a baronet in 1640. Sir Thomas, the third baronet, embraced the Roman Catholic religion, retired into a convent at Douay, and dying without issue, the title and the male line of the elder branch of the family became extinct.
Sir Henry Fletcher, who was created a baronet in 1782, was descended from Philip, third son of Thomas Fletcher of Cockermouth, (grandfather of the first baronet,) who married the heiress of Musgrave of Clea-Hall, about the beginning of the seventeenth century. Sir Henry died in 1807,
and was succeeded by his son of the same name, who is the present baronet.
Arms : — Arg. a cross engrailed Sable, between four roundles of the second, each charged with a pheon of the field.
Crest : — An horse's head Argent, charged with a tre- foil. Gules.
Fletcher- Vane of Hutton, 1786. — Lionel Wright Vane Fletcher, son of Walter Vane, Esq. of Hutton, who had taken the name of Fletcher, and grandson of Lionel Vane, Esq. of Long-Newton, in the county palatine of r*T*T Durham, by Catherine, sister of Sir Thomas Fletcher, the
^—3i ^ ^i last baronet of the Hutton branch, was created a baronet ^B ^5^ in 1786, and was father of Sir Frederic Fletcher Vane, the
present baronet, of Hutton and of Armathwaite.
Arms : — Or, three sinister gaimtlets and a canton. Gules. Crest : — An armed arm, embowed, couped at the shoul- der,* grasping a sword, all Proper.
The Fletchers of Moresby descended from William, the elder son of Henry Fletcher of Cockermouth, who lived in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, became extinct by the death of Thomas Fletcher, Esq. before the middle of the last century. The Fletchers of Tallantire descended from Lancelot, third son of Henry Fletcher above-mentioned, became extinct by the death of Henry Fletcher, Esq. one of whose coheiresses married Partis of Newcastle.
Briscoe of Crofton, 1782. — This ancient family were originally of Briscoe, near Carlisle, where they are traced three generations before the reign of Edward L Their descendant, John Briscoe, Esq. was created a
baronet in 1782, and was father of Sir Wastell Briscoe, the present baronet.
This
CUMBERLAND.
Ixvii
This family have married the heiresses of Crofton and Skdton, of Pettril-Wray. By the former they acquired Crofton, which has long been the seat of the family.
Arms : — Arg. three greyhounds current, in pale, Sable.
Crest : — A greyhound, current, Sable, seizing a hare, Proper.
Walsh of Ormathwaite, 1804. — Sir John Benn Walsh, who, in 1794, took the name of Walsh by the King's sign manual, pursuant to the will of his wife's uncle, is descended from the Benns of Moor-row, in Cumberland« and son of William Benn, Esq. who married the grand-daughter of the late
Dr. William Brownrig, of Ormathwaite, near Keswick. Sir John Benn Walsh is the present proprietor of Ormath* waite, but does not reside in Cumberland.
Arms : — Arg. a fesse. Sable, cottised, wavy, Gul. between six mardets of the second.
Crest : — A griffin's head erased, per fesse wavy, Arg. and Erm. beak and ears. Or.
Graham of Edmond Castle, 1808.