'M ■»«.
^^^■^%. ^^'^l
irt.
•?^. mh mt*.
m -iet._
t.:M5.
^* 'Wi
1^
.. ^:: iS
,u:^i.
^,^"^,:».
r.:i^
*.:*:**
■*, i|j {»->*^w'^v. #..5f:l^; ..
'■^- %i:^^"^^*^*^r*"-^^^'
'■ % *: >.
#. ' ^;
#...,*; »./ li-
fe. % IIS
^.:. .*=. t
ifr,. IS
i^' ' "!■'
m^^^
i%- : -A ■ :$: -^ ;« ^* >^ '*.* •*:,:, # ■ , * . ;
i.p:'*.
j?v -Mf if, yfc: '*■ ■ •«, -*^',-,.^'.» *M, *. )»' !«.
:.-*,:«,-
#-: 1^
*:*:*•***:**»>*:*:*>*»**• * *i *. »
» .#■ ■!#^
» ■ iA
»■ i
»****»;:
*.:^- #• ■
^r ^ : #::ii,.: iC' ^ ! « ^ *■ ' ^ "^ # ^- *. ^ * ^'- *
flf- fe lis^
.i^.i^:«^; i|•^#-t.^^-g,^
NYU IFA LIBRARY
3 1162 04538737 1
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT
Edited by F. Ll. GRIFFITH
SE VENTEEX'JII MEMOIR
THE EOCK TOMBS
OP
EL AMARNA
PAET V -SMALLEE TOMBS AND BOUNDABY STEL.VE
BY
N. Di: G. DAVIlvS
FORTY-FOUR PLATES AND COLOURED FRONTISPIECE
LONDON' SOLD AT
Tin: OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND, 37, CSrkat Kosskll Stukkt, W.C.
AND PlERCK BUILDINO, CoPLKY SQUARE, BOSTON. MaSS., U.S.A.
AND BY KEGAN PAUL, TREXrH, THObNER & CO., Dryden House, 43. Ckkuaud Stklkt. .^ouo, \V.
B. QUARITCll, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, \V.
ASHER & CO., 13, Bedford Street, Covknt Garden, W.C, and 50, Untkb den I.inhen, Bkrun
AND HENRY FROWDE, Amen Corner, E.C.. and 01 and 93, Fifth Avwtje, New York.
mos
nJ,.
K
El Amarna V.
Frontispiece.
LU 0.
UJ
<
> z
O " Hi S.
UJ s: E =
u. I O ^
UJ S; <
h- o
UJ
m
CO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT
Edited by F. Ll GRIFFITH
SE vi:xri:i:\ i ii mkmoir
THE HOCK TOMBS
OF
EL A M A R N A
PAET V -SMALLEE TOMBS AND BOUNDAl^Y STELAE
BY
N. im: G. DAVIES
FORTY-FOUR PLATES AND COLOURED FRONTISPIECE
LONDON
SOLD AT
The 0KF1CE8 OF 'I'HE EGYPT EXPLORATfON FUND, 37, Uueat IUsskli, Stukkt, W.C.
AND Pierce Huildino, Copley Squake, Boston. Mass., U.S.A.
AND iiy KKGAN PAUL, TRENCH, I'RUBNEI? & CO., Dryden Mouse, 43. Gebrakd Street. Soiio. W.
H. (Jl'AKITCH, II, (iRAKTON .STRr.F.T. .Vew Bond .Street. \V.
ASIIIM; & CO., l:!, Hkhfoud Street, t:ovENT Garden, W.C. and .")0, Unter dkn Linden, Berlin
AND HENRY FROWI'K, \mi:n Corner, E.C., am. !II and '.». Fii'tii Avenuk. New York
IIMIS
ui^f-rn
wcviorr
1
I-dSUUN :
I'HINTKli BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SuNS, LIMITED,
T)CRE STHEET. STAMFORD STRKKT. S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET. W
NEW YORK UMiVEHSlTY LIBRARY
S3
IT
EGYPT EXPLOEATTON FUND
prcslOcnt P. G. HILTON PRICE, Esq., Dib.S.A.
UlcespresiDciits The Et. Mox. The Earl of Cromer, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.. K.C.S.I. (Eg>-pt) Sir John Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., The Hon. Chas. L. Hutchinson (U.S.A.)
F.R.S., F.S.A. Prof. T. Day Seymour (U.S.A.)
SiH ]■]. Maunde-Thompson, K.C'.ll, D.C.L., Prof. Ad. Er.man, Ph.D. (Germany) LL.D. Prof. G. Maspero, D.C.L. (France)
The Rev. Prof. A. II. Savce, M.A., LL.D. , Joriah Mullens, Esq. (Australia) Prop. W. W. Goodwin (U.S.A.) I
1bon. Jlreaeurers H. A. Grueber, Esq., F.S.A. Edward R. Warren, Esq. (U.S.A.)
"Ibon. Secretary .1. S. Cotton, K>^(|.. M.A.
Members of Connnittce
T. IL n.wiAn, Esq., M.A., K.C, V.D. C. F. Mouerly Bell, Esq. The Hon. J. R. Carter (U.S.A.) SoMERH Clarke, Esq., F.S.A. Newton Crane, Esq. (U.S.A.) W. E. Crum, Esq., M.A. Louis Dyer, Esq., M.A. (U.S.A.) Arthur John Evans, Esq., M.A., D.Litt. l'\U.S.
PlSOl". IjUNEST A. (JAUU.NKU, M.A.
F. Ll. Griffith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. F. G. Kenyon, Esq., M.A., I). Lilt.
PuoF. Alexander Macalister, M.D.
Mrs. McClure.
The Rev. W. MacGreoor, M.A.
RoiiEUT MoND, Esq., F.R.S.E.
The Marquess of Northampton.
Francis \Vm. Pehcival, Esq., M..\.. F.S.A.
Sir Heuhert Thompson, B.u«t.
Mrs. Tiharu.
Emanuel AL Cnderdown, Esq., K.C.
John Ward, Esq., ]'\S.A.
T. Herbert Warren, Esq., M..\.
E. Towiiv Whvtk, 1-".s(|.. M..\. F.S..\.
CONTENTS
Li^r 111- l':.\TKs
C'liAi'TKi; i. 'I'liK 'I'oMii (11 May. A. I'n'\inus Wdi'k
T>. Ardiili-ci iiijil I'^'iituros. I'lxtii'iiir [»jt('ii(ir \'nnlt .
( '. f^cciics ami Inscriptions. NDrtli tliiek'ncss South thickness West AVall : Smiih Side
I). Muv, liic Official .
ClIAlTKi; II. TlIK Tii\ll>, nv AnY.
A. Arc liitcc-lurai I'Vaturcs. Kx tenor Interior
Elllraiirr
Corridoi' ?)uriai shaft . Shrine.
Pi. Scenes
I'. I'crsoual . D. Votive stelao
( 'hai'TKi; 1 1 1. S\iAi,i, oi; l".\i\sii:i
Chai'tkh I\. Tin: nKr.Kiiots Tkxt
A. I'rayers hy I lie deceasod II. Iliiriai petitions .
I'AOF.
vii
i:ii To\|i;
2 2 3 4
(i 7 7 8 8 8 8 it K
If.
17
CONTENTS.
Chapter V. The Boundat!y Stelae.
A. Their distrilmtion
B. Their history and rontents
C. Descriptiou of the Stelae
D. Previous work on the site
E. The earlier proclamation
F. The later proclamation .
19 20
22 27 28 31
Index
35
LIST OF PLATES
WITH KKKERK.N'GES TO THK PA(iES UN WHUH THKV ARK DE.SCRIBKD.
I.
II. III. IV.
V. VI.
VTl.
VTTI.
IX.
.\.
XI.
XIJ.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
.WII.
X\lll.
*XIX.
*xx.
*XXI.
*XX1I.
*XXITT.
*xxn.
XXV. XXVI.
XX VII.
XXVI 11.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXI.
XXXI I.
XXXI II.
'i'oiiili (if May'. I'laii iiiid s('i-rii)ii .
Sc'ctiiiii, cnliiniii. aoil iii.-^cription.s .
N. thif;kne.s.s. The Ro3-aI family worship.s Ateu
S. tliifkiie.s.« aiul janilis
W. wall. The (}uay ..f .\klR'tateii .
Tumi. If). Plan
,, Sections, etc
Section. Tonil) 23 (Any ). I'lan ami .sections 'I'onili uf .\n\ . Sliiine : left wall .
Shrine : right wall. ,, Outer jamhs and grattito.
Tnnilis 17 and liO. i Mans and sections . Tombs 18 and -14 (Pa-aten-em-heb). Plans, etc. Tomlj.s IL', •J.5a and li) (Sutau). Plans, etc. Toiiil) I'O. Lintel. Tomb of Sutan. lu.scription Tunili L'L.' Lintel, 'i'unib^l. I'laii and sections Tomb 'Jl'. Plan and sections Tunilis 7i' and ■_'4a. Plans and sect ion> . Site of Tond)s. Prayer of j\ lay Fiiiure and shi'ine of .\ny ....
Steliie of Palslia and Ncbwawi
Stelae oi .\n\-nicn and Tliav
Stelae of Ptahinay and .\y ....
Tomb hi. Interior . . . • •
Stela I . Lower part . . . • •
Stela S ...... •
('ollnteil text of bounilarv stelae
,, [ruii/liiiii'd) Stela K. Te.xt
(fdii/iiiai'd) .... Stela .\. Te.xt
{i-niil'nntiil) .... Stelae A and X. Fnigmeuts. Slelae .\ and I!. Clusuig lines
* Photographic Plates.
\.
I'.\f:K.S 1, -'
•1, 4, 5. 16 .>
•2. 3, 4, 5
1. 3. 4
l:!
13
i, 7. 3. 13
8, 17
8, 9, 17
7, 8, 17
13. 14 14, 15, 18
12, 13. 14. l.T
14. 17 14 14
12, 15
I-.', ir,
7, 8
It, 10
10
in. II
ly
•-'7. 3-J, 33
•-••J, 23, 26
20. :t 1 . 32
32, 33
28, 29, 30, 31
.30, 31
28, 29. 30. 31
30. 31
20. 22. 23, 25
LIST OF PLATES.
PLATE
XXXIV. Stelae A aud U.f Fragraeiit.s. ^lap of Aklietateu
*XXXV. Interior of Torn!) 21. Hall of May .
*XXXVI. May : N. thiekocs.s. Tomb 22. Stelae A an
*XXXVII. Stelae K and U
*XXXVIII. Stela K: lines 1-:^
*XXXIX. Stela S .
*XL. Stelae S aud N
*.VLI. Site of Stela (,). Stela A .
*XLn. Stelae (,» and I!
*XLIII. Stela A. {Dr.nrliuj I,;/ Hay)
*XL1\'. I'otterv. Frasjment.s of Stelae. Site of Stela, S.
PAGES
19, 20, 23, 24, 31, 33 2, 14 2, 14, 23, 24 24, 25, 27 28, 29, 30, 31
22, 23, 26
23, 25, 26 23, 24, 26
26
23, 24, 27
23, 25, 26, 27
Phi'tc/fi djilnt' P/fitcs.
t Wnun/hf U-ftcrc'l in ike I'luir.
THE
ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
PART V.
CHAPTEK I.
THE TOMB OF MAY (^
i).
A. Previous Work.
The existence of this large tomb (No. 14) must have l)een patent to visitors at all periods ; but as the entrance was almost completely blocked with sand, what was visible was extremely un- promising, and tlu' tonil) was not cleared bv JVl. Bouriant in ls,s:;. This task, however, was carried out, b) M. Ilarsanti ten years later, and M. Daressy p>il)lished most of the texts of this tomb of a " flabellifcn-e," but rmt liis name, for lie found it erased from the inscriptions.'
B. Architectural Features.
(Plaips i,. ii.)
iL.X'rKHioR. - The approach which has been cul through tlie rock-slope is not much broader tlian the portal. Tlir latter has the custom;ir\- Ibrm and decoration, but the surface <il' the linlcl is abnost destroyed. It sliowed the usmd dupli- cated .scene of the Royal family adoring Aten. .\s may be gathered tVoni fi'aginents of ihe nmlh end L;i\en on I'lare v.. ihrei' princes.ses ••ind the (^>ueen's sister Mutlienret wen' ineludeil.
' BoDRiANT, Deux joura do fouillt'it, p. 8 ; I)ai!i;.ssy, Be- eueil, XV., pp. 38-41. The name, though defaced, wa.s picked out by me on the left jamb some years ago, as also by BiPastpd iiidepeiuleiitly. It is absolutoly pliiin on the South Thickness, ami legible on the ceiling; liul the tomb is still anonymous in Man. du Culte d'Atonoii, I., pp. 71-77.
The in.scription here apparently refers to the retinue : " The royal followers after their multi- tudes, attendants on the feet of their lord (0 • • •' The name of the deceased, as well as his title of " Royal Scribe" at the end of the columns on the jambs, has been hacked out and the remains have been covered over with tenacious plaster. (The text will be found on Plate iv. and a trans- i latioii on ]ip. 1 7, 18.)
Intkkior (IMate xxx%'.). — .\lthough the hall as planned wiis ambitious enough, its present appearance is very unattractive, less owing to it^s unfinished state than to the blackness and filth wliieh o\eilie> all the interior, exicpt low down neai' I he entrance where the walls have always i)een protected b\- the invading sand. This grime is due largely, it not entirely, to the coui\tle.ss bats which have housed here fnini time immemorial, and still assert their ancient privilege. But the state of the walls and columns .seems also to show that at .some time when the hall was filled with coflined mummies a tierce lire broke out in this intlanmiabic matcrinl : for a I'leiid atmo.sphere .seems hardly able to ac- count for the appearance of the tomb, ami .some of the bones recently thrown out are <ertainly calcined, l)Ut whether by th»' excavators or no I cannot .say.
The ceiling of the liall was intended t<i be
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
carried by twelve papyrus-coliuimy ; hut, as usual, only those of the central aisle have beeu given their final form (see Plate ii. for details of the west column on the north side of the aisle). The adjoining two in the west row merely show the stems on the capitals ; the rest on the north are even less advanced, while on the south one is still a square pillar. Of the remaining two, only the abaci have been detached from the mass of unremoved rock which still fills this corner of the hall to within a yard of the ceiling.
The usual features of this type of tomb are to be found, though in an unfinished state, viz., the doubly-corniced door which was the promise of an inner chamber, and the shrines for statues of the deceased at each end of the nearest cross- aisle. The door is undecorated and now much mutilated. The North Shrine contains a standing figure of Mav, which, though the merest hozzo allows his long wig and the fan of office over his right shoulder to be divined. The north and south walls of the hall are in the roughest state, but it is evident that the inner row of columns at least was to terminate in pilasters of the usual form. The unfinished pillar is still attached to the side by a party-wall of rock, to which a rough coping has been given in order to make the best of the unremoved mass.
Vault. — A rough place of burial has been provided by means of a stairway, which descends in the north-east corner of the tonilj and pene- trates a short distance under the east wall. At the nineteenth stair a level space leaves scanty room for an interment. The lower half of the pilaster has been cut away to give a wider passage, showing that the staircase was not part of the original design.
C. Scenes and Inscriptions.
(Plates ii., iii., iv., v., xix., xxxvi.)
The only mural decorations witliin the tomb occur on both sides of the entrance and on the south side of the west wall.
North Thickness.— (Plates iii., xxxvi.)'. On the left hand in the thickness of the wall of rock the scene of the worship of the Aten by the Royal family takes the main place, and below this was' the prayer and praying figure of May. The King and Queen, who present the censer and libation- vase to the sun from behind a laden altar, are followed by three of their daughters and by Mut- beuret. The last is attended, as she is wont to lie, by her two female dwarfs. Para and Re-neheh." The presence of this princess here has no special significance. The subjects of the various walls of tomlis in this group seem to have been settled by the example of Ay, who, as father of Nefertiti and of Mutbenret, naturally included the latter also in the Royal group.
The text of the prayer of May will be found on Pis. ii., xix., its translation on p. 16.^ It is in excellent condition ; but the kneeling figure of May has been remorselessly destroyed and the space covered with coarse plaster. It can just be seen that ]\Iay was kneeliug with right hand uplifted and the left holding the fan over his shoulder. Apparently he wore the festal cap. His name, which occurred in the middle of the inscription, has been similarly expunged, and this hostility has been also shown to the menti(jn of his office of Royal Scribe and of some other dignity, as on the jambs out.side.
South Thickness. — The same evidence of a fall from fav(_)ur appears on the South Thickness (PI. iv.), where May had another address of his inscribed in five columns the full height of the wall, and in shorter columns over a kneeling figure.^ In this case not only was the figure overlaid (probably after defacement) with a
' Mon. du Culie d'Atouou, Plate xxxii. The sky in the scene extends over the doorway on the left hand, its end resting upon the mountains.
= Cf. Part II., pp. 13, U, Part VI., Pis. xxvi., xxviii., xxxi.
■* Mon. du Culte d'Aionou, PI. xxxiii. A translation is also given in Bee.^sted, Records, II., pp. 412, 413.
* The figures shown in Plates xxxiii., x.\xi\'. of the abovu work, though fictitious, since the original is invisible, seem roughly to resemble the original attitudes.
THE T0.M13 OK MAY.
rough and most tenacious plaster, but the incised hieroglyphs also were filled up. In part owing to the different nature of the defacing plaster, they now assume the form of an inlay and are legible ; but a large part 1 fouml <iuite obliter- ated and had painfully to pick out the filling. Sometimes this came away readily and left the original sign clear, but often the process was difhcult and the resulting form uncertain. Some- thing might still be done to improve the text, and it may be that the short columns can also be recovered in part. (For a ti'aiislntion see below. )
West Wall : South Side. — This wall is the only one inside the tomb whicli sliows decora- tion or is prepared to receive it. Even here the scene is only traced in ink, and only preserved as far up as the protecting bank of sand extended. Fortunately the part saved is that wliicli has the most interest (Plate v.).
The scene seems to have been tliat of the reward of May at the balcony of the palace, but the artist has deviated from the usual model and has given a foreground to the sccne.^ The palace, as we know, lay near the i)ank of the river, and this, with the Eoyal l)argcs, landing- stage and gardens, has been included by him in his picture. Presumably the scene is as close to fact as an Egyptian artist could make it."
In the background we see a colonnade running along the river-front of the palace. A uraeus- crowned gate having seven columns with open papyrus-capitals on either (?) side of it forms the entrance to the palace ; and from il two diverging paths lead down the bank (in a sloping line there- fore) to two landing-stages raised on piles and carrying uraeus-topped kiosks or fencing. At one the barge of the King, at the other that of
' I may be wrong in supplying columns here. The portico would be on the other side of the biiildinj;.
- A fragment of a .similar scene is among the pieces in Cairo Museum which came from the wreck of Akhonaton's tenii>le at Karnak. Ft shows uracus-crowned gates, on which .Xtcn sheds his niys, a tree in the sunshine, and a mail cain-iiii; nars.
the Queen, is made fast to mooring-stakes at stem and .stern, with a crowd of craft above and below, similar but simpler, to accommodate the Royal hou.sehold. On the foreshore the crews are busy at work repairing the tackle, etc. To the riffht lie the oars ncatlv lashed together, the mast, the yards, the sails and the tackle. A sailor is making a net in approved fashion, hold- ing the end taut between his toes, while with one hand and the (jther foot he extends the edge on which he Ls working. His right hand holds the netting-.shuttle. Near him a man is trimming the shaft of a paddle which a boy holds steady for him. Elsewhere men are taking oars from a pile or Ijiuding masts. Stands of meat are shown also. Further up the bank gardeners are busy removing l)ouquets and foliage which thev have been cutting for decora- tions. The strip of ground between the palace and the quay is thickly planted witli palms, leafy shrul)s, clumps of papyrus and fluwors : and on the right a tree is seen, growing in a brick holder, which is pierced with outlets for the moisture.
The barges of the King and Queen are dis- tinguislied not onh' by their .size, but by the heads of their ^lajesties (the King wearing the Atef-cvown, the Queen the double plume), carved at the top of the steering-paddles. Otherwise, the two boats are similarly constructed. Along the side runs a light hooped railing to prevent accidents. On the deck there are three erections. .\t each end is an open kio.sk, the canopy of which is adorned with uraei and supported on slender columns. Whether they contain images or deck-.seats for their Majesties is no longer clear, but it may be that the Queen and her daughters are to be seen there on the after-deck of their boat, in the middle of each vessel is a much larger two- storied construction. X cabin furnished with side doors and windows is seen below, .\bove this there ia a covered upper-deck, reached by a companion-ladder aft, whicii ascends inidcr .1 coluiiinicl portico to a l<ytlia exactly rc.-icml)hng
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
that of the palace. It would seem from the port-holes that there are cabins also in the hull. Ribbons flutter from the columns, from the steering-paddles and from the stern itself, and all is lioht and oay as if designed for careless hours.
This detailed picture Iw a contemporary towns- man, of a spot which we can definitely locate and visit, firings the far Past up before us with rare vividness.
The picture is surrounded by a border of yellow and red lines outside that shown in the plate.
The tablets of the columns in the aisle still retain traces of the red and black ink of their design, showing the King, Queen, and at least one princess, adoring to right and left of the Aten. On the north half of the west wall are some half- eftaced grattiti (Plate v.),^ reading, perhaps, " this piece (?) 2 days " ; " this piece (?) 5 days " ; " year ii. . . ." (possibly the date of construc- tion). The inscription on the ceiling of the hall, if there was one, has perished. That in the entrance is partly legible. (Plate ii. Tran.sk- tion on p. 18.)
D. May, the Official.
As the inscription on the South Thickness (PL iv.), which attempts to put into words May's loyal attitude to the King, is, despite all grandiloquence, a description of his career, it is in place to insert it here.'
" An adoration of Horakhti[-Aten, who giveth life ; of the King of South and North, living in Truth], Lord of the Two Lauds, Nefer-khejieni-va-ua-en-ra, the Son of the Sun, living in Truth, Lord of Diadems, Akhenaten, great in his duration ; and of the heiress, great in the palace, fair of face, gay with the two plumes, beloved of the Aten, the chief wife of the King, whom he loves. Lady of the Lands, Nefertiti, living for ever and ever.
(2) "The Bearer of the Fan on [the right hand of the
King] whom the King of the South hath enlarged
whose .sustenance (or " whose £^a ") the Sovereign
hath provided, one belo\ed by his Lord every day ; one whose happiness comes (though) old age arrives and whose body is hale (though) time passes ; one great in favour and happy in [honours ?] ; one who followed [his] lord and was the companion (?) ^ of his feet for life, whose love is stable ; the Royal Scribe, Scribe of recruits. Overseer of the hou.se of Sehetep-Aten, Overseer of the house of Ua-en-ra in On, Overseer of the cattle of the temple of Ra in On, (3) [Over- seer] of all [the works] of the King, Overseer of the soldiery of the Lord of the Two Lands, May.
" [He says : ' Listen] * ye to what I say, all men (lit. '• every eye") both great and small; (for) I relate to you the benefits which the Ruler did me. Then truly ye shall say, " How great are these things that were done iov this man of no account!" Then truly ye shall [ask] for him (the King) an eternity of se(?-festivals, an everlasting period as Lord of the Two Lands, (i) Then truly shall "^ ho do for yovi [such as] he has done for me ; the God who dispenses life !
" ' I was a man of low origin Ijoth on my father's and on my miither's side, but the Prince established me. He
caused me to grow, he me by his bounty, when
I was a man of no property. He made my people to grow in number (?) for me, he caused my (-5) brethren to be many, he caused that all my people worked '^ for me ; (and when) T became lord of a town, he caused me to associate witli Princes and Companions (though) I had been one who held the last place.' He gave to me provisions and rations '^ every day, T who had been one that begged bread.' He caused ' '
May held the rank or office of
1. Erpa prince.
2. Ha prince.
3. Royal Chancellor.
4. Sole Companion.
5. Scribe of the King.
6. Overseer of the soldiery of the Lord of the Two Lands.
If we may emend to H
IV., ii.
■■ Reading
Read Reading
I I
Cf. III., xxvii. ;
Cf. TL, p. 29. l^ead "^^ ll« ^ and lower down
hxs^ ,
' Cf. Mom. du Cwlte. iVAUmou, I., p. - Ih., Plate xxxiv.
•-* Emending to '"^ ' ' f ^
Hill
' I ill'
Iteadi
THE TOMB OF MAY.
7. Overseer of the house of Sehetep-Aten.' '
8. Overseer of the house of Ua-en-ra in On.
9. Overseer of tlie cattle of the temple of Ra
ill ( In.
10. Overseer of all the works of the Kinn'.
1 1 . Scribe of re(;ruits.
12. Bearer of the fan on the right hand of
the King. The two broken titles on the ceiling (PI. ii.) perhaps only repeat titles 6 and 10. If we are to give full credit to this list, we must assign to May a high place amongst those who early tlirew in their full lot with the new 'Teaching' and were entrusted with the highest adminis- trative posts. The offices occurring immediately before his name in the above inserij^tion are probably those which imposed detinite duties, while that of Bearer of the Fan, wliirh he places first, l)rought him most into personal contact with the King. The post of Acting Scribe to the King was in tliose times the most difficult and responsible, and it appears to have been in the discharge of its duties that he met sudden disgrace and, not improbabl}-, sudden death. Life, however, if short for ^lav, must have l)een full of the sweets of successful amliition and the satisfaction of well-rewarded activity. He became one of those who entered most closely into the friendship and projects of the King, and has set down in lasting letters, as well as in charming pic- ture, his pride in the hours ofclo.se companionship
with the King on tl
ic river 111
liis splendid barge.
' This house is mentioned on ostraca at El Amarna (Gkifkitii, in Petrie, T. A., p. 33, PI. xxii., Nos. 5, 19-22). It appears to be the name of a royal person (" who appeases .\ten "), wiietiier it 1)0 a rarely-meiitioiicd appellation of the King, or his father, or the Aten-name of some other member of the Royal fimiily. Breasted [Records, II., p. 411) s\ii)iX).sos it to 1)0 a temple. Tiie writing of the name in the fourtli eoliniin of the left jaml) (PI. iv.) is a serilial erroi- (ef. the muddied spelling of Title H im the rij^dit jand)).
The Egyptian official was wont to find in his rapid rise from low (jffice and origin the greater matter for pride, ^lay glories in the fact that whereas he had formerly begged his bread he now associates with princes ; Imt Egyptian sentiment was probably not .so far different from our own but that we may su.spect that this was a cause of his downfall. His degradation was even more swift and absolute than his rise. If the names both of his father and his mother were of no ticcount, the King now sought to blot his out altogether from the book of life. We cannot wonder, as we read May's lavish expres- sions of gratitude, that Akhenaten took special care to erase this biography, lest it should stand as a satire on the favour of kings. It has been the more pleasure to baffle May's enemies and restore his name to history.
It is interesting to find that May had special offices outside Akhetaten, but it is of course precisely in Ileliopolis that the jurisdiction of the sun-worshipping King would be most readily accepted. Our desire for information as t<> the administration of the country from the new capital is little advanced, therefore ; for it would be rash to conclude from the mention of a palace of Akhenaten in < Mi that the King at times resided there.
The depiction of three princesses in the tomb shows that it coukl not have been iu.scribed earlier than the seventh year of Akhenaten, and the downfall *'i May probably occurred almost immediately. It is pos.sible that he was suc- ceeded in his office of Overseer of .soldiery bv Rames or Paatenemheb, as Overseer of works by Tutu, as Faubearer by Ahmes, and that his honours as Erpa Ihi Prince and Royal Chancel- lor fell to Nckhtpaaten. But our knowledge of the iidministration of Hgvpt is all too meagre for aii\thiiig liiit surmi.sc.
CHAPTER II.
THE TOMB OF ANY
^111
The position of this tomb (No. 23) will best be learnt from the map (IV., xiii.). A broad road leads to it from the river, marking out the spot as the site of an important tomb. It was, how- ever, not opened till 1891, when M. Barsanti cleared this and other toml^s of the Necropolis.^ The tomb differs in appearance from all and even in type from most others in the southern group, and by its greater similarity to the corridor tombs of the N. group it gives a hint, confirmed elsewhere, of its later position in the series.
A. Architectdral Features.
(Plates viii., xi.)
Exterior. — The tomb is uniijue in the Necropolis in regard to many details of con- struction, all tending to tasteful finish and archi- tectural decorativeness. The greatest innova- tion, and one rare in rock tombs in Eoypt, is the provision of a portico outside. As this convenience was well known in domestic as well as in temple architecture, and the palace at El Amarna in particular set an example of luxury in this respect, it is not to be wondered at that the Egyptians de.sired to furni.sh their " houses of eternity" with it also. But the labour in- volved rarely permitted this in the case of rock tombs, and Any was able to gratify his finer tastes only by restraining his amliitions in point of size and complexity.
' M. Daressy published the texts in the fifteenth volume of the Recueil, pp. 42-45, and the whole tomb has been included in Mov. <hi Cnltr d'Atonou. Pis. .x.tv.-xxix., pp. 49-DG.
Even so, the architect was not able to do mure than indicate how pleasing was the design which it was his intention to carry out. As it stands, the exterior is only a rough-hewn sketch which the imagination must complete. The tomb being set in a hill of very gradual slope, the approach was never excavated.'^ One reaches the tomb by a long flight of steps in a somewhat narrow cutting, so that the fagade lies in an under- oround area and is robbed of a great deal of its eff"ectivenes8. The jjortico was not to be of the usual type, extending across the frontage and shading the door, but took the form of porches on either side of the doorway, as if they were the ends of a more extended colonnade. Al- though this architectural feature is only touched in, so to speak, the Imilder's intentions just emerging from the living rock l)elow and around, yet it is plain that the column which supports the corniced architraves on either side was to be the only one, being lialauced, no doubt, by a pilaster of the usual form in the rock- wall. The narrow width of the hall inside would not have justified a greater breadth outside. The walls and floor of the excavation are left in the uneven state which marks an abandoned enter- prise, but in the wall under the portico on the right will be seen three rounded niches, and there is a similar one nn the left. These niches contained votive tablets of stone dedicated to Any by his household, which fortunately were still in place when the tomb was cleared,
- The slope of the hill ccmtiiiues far beyond the limit of the plan, so that an approach at the floor level would have been quite feasible, and was no doubt contemplated.
THE TOMB OF ANY.
and arc now, with two others, in thi- Cairo Museum.'
The portal, which is of the usual form, has also tlie customary scenes and inscriptions ; but the lintel, which showed the King and Queen, followed by three princesses and by attendants, offering to Atcn on eacli side of a central altar- table, is too weather-worn to be worth repro- ducing. On the right hand the King and Queen offer kherp sceptres ; on the left, globular vases (?). The faces of the Queen and of the youngest princess are still fairly well preserved.
The door jambs arc not occupied Ijy burial petitions, but simply l>y a salutation of the regnant powers, divine and human, three times repeated on cither side in incised hieroglyphs (Plate xi. ; cf. I., xxxv.). The later form of the cartouches of Aten is adopted here (cf IV., p. 14). Beneath this on both sides are the prayers and praying figures of Any. (For trans- lation, see p. 17.)
Interior. — The corridor to which the portal gives entrance creates a most pleasing eflect, for though the tomb had to be left almost untouched a.s regards mural decoration, yet a complete finish was given to the tomli in other respects, and in particular the cornice under the ceiling .•uul user tlic portal of the shrine, with its bright l)ars of blue, green, blue, red, gives an air of gaiety to the hall (Plate xx.). The statue in its shrine, too, is sufficiently perfect to create a true impression.
Entrance. — 'J'he decoration on the iliirknrss of the walls has lieen hastily yet neatly carried out in crude colours. .Vffinity to the northern toniks is again shown in the full-sized figures of the deceased which occupy the walls ; tiiat on the right, strangely enough, being represented as entering, while tiuit on the left faces out- ward. The whole wall is laid out in yellow wash, and the pictures are surrounded by a border of blue and red bands ; the square hole
' See Ix^low.
fashioned on the left, to receive the door-bolt when shot, being also neatly outlined. The enclosed space on the right occupies only half the wall, so as to admit of the door being thrown back. The figures are in solid red, the flesh tints showing faintly when under only one thick- ness of raiment. On the right band (Plate xx.) Any enters, carrying staff and nosegay and shod with sandals, as if he had just been for a stroll in the sunshine and plucked some Howers on the river bank. On the left, however, he stands with upraised hands adoring the sun, an attitude wlii(-h befits the text inscribed in front of him in black ink. It is a recension of the Shorter Hymn to the Aten, but the upper part of the lines is obliterated.'^ The personal ending to the hymn is as follows : —
U
A r\ £i /w^ h ^ / ft ^ /
^_^^J"^^||^ '-The intimate of
the King, whom liis Inid h)ves. the favourite whom the Lord of the Two Lands (^) created by iiis liounty, who has reached the blessed reward by the favour of the King, the acting scrilie of the King beloved by him. Scribe of the Altar of llie l.iird <if liie Two Lands, S<Tibe of the Offering Taiih' i>\' Atru for the Aten in the temple of .Vtea in .\khctaten.' Steward of the house of King Aa-kheperu-ra, Any, ble.ssed with a good burial, says (it)." What is legible of a short biographical notice in front of .\ny on ihe opposite wall adds nothing to this.
On the vacant space on the right-hand wall a fiiiure has been scratched roughly in the plaster with many strokes of a sharp point (Plate xi.).
'^ For text and translation .sw Vol. TV.. Plates xzxii., xxxiii., and pp. 28, 29.
•' This may he the buiiiiiiig iiieiiiiiiiiod in I., \xx. (p. 3G).
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
It evidently represents Any, for this, like other well-preserved profiles of Any, shows a peculi- arity which may have been a consequence of age — a falling in, namely, of the upper lip or a tiehtenino; of it on the teeth. The artist apparently wished to practise Any's portrait or to leave it as a guide to the decorators.
The ceiling has been squared out in readiness to receiv(> a pattern.
(JoRRiDOR (Plate XX.). — Though the walls are well finished, no trace of design is found on them. The hollow cornice, bright with colour, which runs along the sides under the ceiling is in itself very decorative. This feature is present besides only in Tomb 21. With us the cornice is a familiar feature of house decoration, l)ut to the Egyptian it was known rather as a form of wall-coping. Here it projects a little beyond the spring of the slightly vaulted ceiling, as if to suggest that the latter was a light canopy resting on solid walls.
Burial-Shaft.— No chaml)er other than the shrine being provided, the place of interment was I'eached from a shaft in the floor of the corridor. A door in the further wall of the pit admits to a roomy chamber under the shrine, on the left-hand (NE.) side of which is a second pit ov shaft, capable of being covered with slabs. The sand remaining in this did not permit me to ascertain its depth. In the back wall two little recesses are cut which have evidently been used to set lamps or candles in, and were probably intended to serve this purpose either to the excavators or to the spirit of the deceased. There is one also on either side of the entrance to the chamber.^
Shrine. — The portal to this is of the usual corniced type, as if leading from the outer air. It was decorated, but only in ink, and this has so faded that we can only see that Any and his prayers were to occupy the ends of the
1 Probably the chamber was used for later interments, (he original burial having been disturbed to make room for them, for nothing of the burial equipment was found hy the French excavators, if we may judge by their silence.
lintel with the series of cartouches in the centre, while columns of text occupied the jambs.
The shrine is almost filled with the rock dais (.>n which the chair of the deceased is set. This is guarded in front by a little parapet neatly finished on top with a rounded moulding between flat edgings, and is reached by a flight of four shallow steps. Despite the capital preservation of the tomlj, the statue has suffered considerable damage. It retains, however, its general form, and depicts Any in full wig sitting in a chair with his feet on a high footstool.
B. Scenes.
(Plates ix., x.)
The walls of the shrine on either side are decorated in colour in a very simple way, appro- priate to the place. The sketch (which is mainly in red paint) is very rough, and has been much corrected by a more skilful hand in red line. In ea(_-h case Any, seated on a chair, receives oflerings at the hand of one of his servants named Meryra. A mat is spread lieneath his feet. On the left wall Any helps himself from a table piled with provisions, while Meryra appears to be reciting the formula? which give them efficacy On the right wall Any is accompanied by a ladv, and holds the baton of office. Meryra presents him with a cruse of ointment (!'), accompanying the act with many a prayer for his happiness. The inscriptions above both s(-enes are unfortunately almost indecipherable : the fi'ao'ments exhibited, having been secured with great difficulty, are offered with as much reserve. (For translations see p. 17.) The recipient is described as " the Scribe of the King, l»eloved of his lord, [Scribe of the altar-table of] the Aten, Scribe of the altar of . . . [Overseer] of the works of the Lord of the Two Lands in Akhetaten, [Steward of the] House of Aa- kheperu-ra, who giveth life. Any, maakheru . . . in peace." The lady who stands behind Any (Plate X.) apparently survived him, for we read.
THE TOMB OF ANY.
"[His wife(?)] the lady of the house (?), A . . ., says ... he ordered (?) for thee thy house of eternity. "
C. Personal.
The six stelae reproduced on Plates xxi., xxii., xxiii., were found in this tomb when it was cleared by M. Barsanti in 1891,' as the Museum records show. They are of very exceptional interest, and since no others have been forth- coming on tliis site we may suppose that Any especially deserved, and in marked measure won, the regard of his servants or friends. The donors appear to have been for the most part small officials, prol)ably in his own service, with the exception of his brother, who dedicates one of the least pretentious of the stones. The little monuments seem all U> lie the outcome of a o-enuine affection which sought some means of expression, though that of the charioteer may fall in a difi'erent category. This impression is deepened when we find the characteristic facial features of the dead man reproduced with such care upon them all. From this we gather that Any was an old man, and had joined Akhen- aten's enterpi'ise late in life. It accords with this that no other grave of the officials of Akhetaten gives such sure indications of having been occu- pied, and that his brother Ptahmay clung to his banned name. A further evidence of Any's age is that of his title of Steward of the House of King Aa-kheperu-ra. As the reign of that king (Amenhetep 11.) would only carry us back about fifty years, and the office might possibly con- tinue, or even begin, after the king's death, there is no reastm wliy .Any should not have seen four kings on the throne of Egypt, m- why one sliould
' M. Dakessy in his account {Becueil, xv., pp. 44, 45) knows of only five. That of (Ptiih)may ho reports to have been found in the ilehnu, implyin;,' that th>' other four were discovered in tlieir niches. Stkiniiorfp ha.s dealt fully with these four in A. Z., 189(), pp. 63-60. I am greatly indebted to M. Lacau for discovering the two lost stelae in the Museum, and to Rrugsch Bey for having them photographed for this work.
search after other Royal persons of this name whose existence is more than doulitful." That Any's life should extend so far back beyond days when Egypt was troubled by religious schism would be a new reason for the esteem in which he was held. The death of Any probably did not take place before the abandonment of the necropolis, for the new form of the cartouches of Aten is already seen on the outer door-jambs, which would be the first part Uy be engraved. His offices need not have entailed any great activity on his part. Of his relationships or previous career we kiujw nothing.
D. Votive Stelae.
The six votive stelae referred to above are as
follows : —
1. Stela of Pakha ' (Plate .\.\i.).
On the left Any sits in a high-backed chair placed upon a mat. His right hand holds a napkin or sash, his left is laid upon a b;isket of provisions which stands before him. Any, " blessed with goodly burial," is given his usual titles. A man in official's garb who presents hiui with a bouquet is identified by the inscription below: "The Overseer of
works, Pakha C^K^ "^^ 1 "^^,1) "'«a*'"'™. made(it)."« His prayer is —
u
f
/S/i/WVA
o
III
*M1
^-?ji,n^'^
C) •
(2
>(0
(')
^ See Leorain in Mon. du Culte eFAtonou, pp. S3, 54.
The cartouche occurs also, I think, on a fragment from Akheiiaten's temple at Karnak (Cairo Museum). A frag- ment from El Amarna depicted by Wileinson in his Mdihrn Egypt, II., p. 69, shows Akhenat<>n olTering to Aten, and describes the gml as dwelling in the midst of the house of King Men-kheperu-ra (Thothmes IV.) in the house of .Vten in Akhetaten. If this is correct, it is easy III admit a house of his predecessor also, what<>ver those shrines (1) may have U'en.
^ No. 29745 in the Museum Journal. Inscriln-d " (ii-otte No. 24, Hag Candil. 26.10.91." Height, 41 cm. : breadth, 27 cm. This and the following stela, from their size, seem to have come from tlie niches in the W. [Mirch. .'^t«indorl^ re.ids the name as Pa-kharu, '• the Syrian." .Von. du Ctille d'Atoiiim, PI. xxvi.
* Apparently Pakha seta maakhfru, "nrllg," after his name in devout anticipation of his own day of death.
C
10
THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AJIAENA.
" Unto thy Ka '. A bouquet of the Aten. May he give to me breezes. Jlay he knit thy limbs. Mayest thou see Ra whenever he rises and adore him, and may he listen to what thou sayest."
2. Stela of Nebwawi^ (Plate xxi.).
On the upper half Any is seen standing on the right with stafT and handkerchief. The scribe Nebwawi, dressed very simply, and holding his papyrus roll, says to him
a ^
.^3-
^ ,1 1 ^.
'■ Behold the o.x as to which it was said : ' Bring it.' " We are permitted to see the noble beast for ourselves ; for, in a second scene, Nebwawi leads it forward, gay with lotus flowers attached to a broad collar round its
neck.
(5
I
ii
I
III
A
f4
G •
' The scribe
Nebwawi saith : ' We (?) have seen the good things which the good ruler has done to his Scribe of the Altar. He has ordered for him a goodly burial in Akhetaten.' " .'5. Stela of Any-men - (Plate xxii.).
' The servant Any-men made (it) for the
Royal Scribe Any."
On the left Any sits on a folding stool over which a skin is stretched as a seat. Behind him is the latticed door of the shrine in his tomb, and in front of him a table spread with viands and flowers. Any-men extends to his master a large jar " for the fc« of . . . Any, maakheru,"
: " Let wine be poured
/W^AA^
D
saying,
out for thee."
4. Stela of Thay ^ (Plate xxii.).
Unlike the other stelae, this makes no contribution to the maintenance of the lea of Any, nor is it expressly
devoted to him by any of his servants, though naming and depicting " the charioteer of the Royal Scribe Any, Thay." The subject is such as would suitably form a scene on the walls of the tomb, and it is not unlikely that Any, having a just foreboding that these would never be executed, caused this charming stela to be made as a provisional decoration, and there is, in fact, a little space of this shape marked out in ink low down in the centre of the right- hand wall of the corridor. It may have been intended, therefore, to set the stela up at this point. Never probably had the aged Any had happier moments in his later years than those which he or Thay here commemorates, when he drove along the cleared road from the city to this tomb which was being prepared for him by the order of the King.
The little monument represents Any being driven in his
pair-horsed chariot by U I 1"^ (] [] ^ (|f) , " *''^'=
charioteer Thay." Any is in full gala costume. The conical cap is on his long wig, a ring is in his ear, five golden collars hang on his neck, and armlets and bracelets adorn his arms. His face gives a most life-like impression, and corresponds exactly to the other profiles which we have. The head of Thay is probably also modelletl from life with more or less exactness. The inscription informs us —
1 No. 29746, Inscribed as above. Height, 42 • 5 cm. ; breadth, 28 cm. Mon. du Culte d'Atonou, PL xxv.
- No. 29747. Docketed as above. Height, 27 cm. ; breadth, 23 cm. The little stela is carefully worked, and the colour is still preserved, as well as the gold leaf which overlaid the collar, armlets and bracelets. Portraiture has evidently been attempted. Mon. du Culte d'Atonou, PI. xxvi.
^ No. 29748. Same docket. Height, 27 cm. ; breadth, 23' 5 cm. An exquisitely- worked little stela in perfect condition. It is coloured yellow, and has a blue rim and blue hieroglyphs. The horses are red, as are also the panels of the car and of the bow-case. The flesh is red, and Any's hail' and eye black. Mon. du Culte d'Atonou, PI. xxv.
w=
n 1
I I I
II 7^
.^
■ I III T AAAAA^ 1 ^S 2? J O 0
'The Royal Scribe, etc.. Any,
maakheru, (says) ' I come in peace with the favour of the King, who orders for me goodly burial, and grants that I reach the guerdon (of the dead) in peace.' "
5. Stela of ... . May (Ptahmay 1).* Plate xxiii.
Any sits on a chair on the left, holding a kherp baton and kerchief. A table of provisions is before him and he
is being addressed (I I his brother . ,
ill
■by
prays —
AAAA^A
O ©
. . May,^ " who carries a scribe's roll and
(SIC)
* No. 29749. Same docket. The stela has lost its lower scene, if it had one.
^ The signs before the name have been erased. One
would say that they had read ° § (^~ (1(1) "Ptahmay."
The word " Ptah " would no doubt account for an era,sure. This name is common at Memphis, whence many of Akhenaten's craftsmen would be sure to come, and there are men of this name whose relations bear names so well known at El Amarna as to ofier tempting identifications,
THE TOMB OF ANY.
11
"May there be made for thee a dij lietep selen of bread, beer, oxen, fowl aad a libation of wine and milk." '
The faces of the two brothers are much alike, but the work is less careful.
especially Ptahmay, father of Pa-aten-em-heb (Lieblein^ 670 ; also ib. 2016). Daressy {Eecueil, xv., p. 45) boldly jumps the difficulty. Though " the Scribe May " is not an impossible reading, it would be too hazardous to seek an identification with the owner of Tomb 14.
but the I must be
I 6. Stela of Ay = (Plate xxiii.).
Any sits on the left before a small stand with flowers, his feet resting on a footstool. The stela was devoted
' Prima facie " milk of the kin; mistake for the determinative ^.
1
\
shown presenting a bouquet to Any.^
who is
Ki^m
u
I
" (For) thy Ara .' A bouquet
f
Q (3 it^ (S.
of the Aten, who favours and loves thee
- No. 29750. Height 23 cm. ; breadth 15 cm. A poor
little stela, but the face of Any still shows the familiar features. Hitherto unpublished.
^ The reading sdm 'ash was pioposed to me by M. Lacau.
12
CHAPTEE III.
SMALL OR UNINSCRIBED TOMBS.
In Part IV., Chapter II., some general observa- tions were made on the architecture and types of tombs in the Southern Necropolis. It re- mains to supplement this by more detailed notes on the tombs separately. The official enumera- tion, which starts with the most northern tomb of the group, will be followed.'
Tomb 7.\. (Part IV., Plate xxxiv.)
A small tomb, of the cross-corridor type, of which I cleared only the entrance, as no trace of inscriptions was found in the parts which are wont to receive them first. The cornice outside is destroyed. The floor is still deep in stone chips removed in trimming down the upper part of the tomb. The aisle is, as usual, higher than the rest of the corridor.
Tomb 7b. {ib.)
This tomb adjoins the last and \\ould probably have resembled it within as well as without, but the interior has been little more than attacked.
Tomb 7c. (Plate xviii.)
This is a much larger tomb, reaching the dignity of a single row of columns and a roughly cut second chamber and place of interment. But there are plentiful signs here of haste and slovenly construction, and, as there is an enormous pile of broken vessels of late date outside, it is possible that the rough corridor beyond the hall and the low chamber on the north are later additions. The fac^ade has suffered greatly, and as there was only a remote chance of finding a name in ink on the outer jambs, I did not attempt to remove the mass of sand outside. The door was blocked up with bricks and stones, and loosely-buOt walls of stone had been placed to keep the approach clear. Inside only the upper part is finished. The columns and the walls splay out near the gi'ound and almost nieet.- Of the four columns only the two of the aisle have been given any decoration. The sharp rib of the eight imaginary
' The map in Part IV. (Plate xiii.) should be consulted for positions. Tombs 7 (Parennefer), 8 (Tutu), and 25 (Ay) will be described in Part VI. Plate xix. will give some idea of the character of the site.
•^ In consequence, the plan of the walls as given is taken three feet above lowest floor-level.
papyrus stems is shown between the inserted stalks, and is continued above the sheathing on the capital.^ No trace of inscription is visible.
Tomb 9.\. (Part IV., Plate xxx.)
This little tomb also is unfinished inside. The fac^ade shows the usual portal, but is quite blank of any record.
Tomb 9d. (Part IV., Plate xxxiv.)
This tomb is of the simplest type, the door being set in a rough pit to which two or three steps descend. The front shows no decoration. In the little chamber to which the entrance admits there is a shallow burial-pit on the right- hand side ; but I found it empty, though I appeared to be the first who had cleared it.
Tomb 9c. (Part IV., Plate xxx.)
This is similar to the last, but the chamber within is no more than a slight enlargement of a natural fissure. The door is reached by a stairway ; bvit no doubt, had the tomb been elaborated, this well would have been conrerted into an open approach by the removal of the rock-slope in front.
Tomb 12. Nekht-pa-.\ten. (Plate xiv.)* This tomb, which was to have been of the same type as Tombs 10 and 13, has only had its fa(;'ade and entrance com- pleted. Inside there is a small area of floor, and the upper parts of three columns have been detached and remain as square pillars of rock. Though this was but a doorway to a projected tomb, the owner had laid claim to it ; for those who excavated it found traces of three columns of hiei'oglyphs in ink on both jambs outside.^ The first column probably contained an adoration of the Aten and of Royalty, the second the prayer, and the third the titles of the official.
The second column on the left ended with " ^^ =^,C^ ■ the third
I
0
ended with ^^/
A^^,VlA
o ■
II ' ^^Ifti/ I
Tills name can hardly be anything but
^ Above AB it is an inset of plaster only. On the S. column the capital was made too short — a defect that was probably rectified by plaster, now fallen away from the neck.
* Having neglected to plan this tomb, I have given here the sketch plan uf M. Gautier (Mon. du Citlte d'Aionou, I., p. 81). The scale is jjj, not Jg as marked.
^ Daressy, Becueil, xv., p. 38. The same spelling, and the inscriptions after the first sign, are confirmed by Petrie from notes made six months later.
SMALL OR UNINSCRIBED TOMBS.
13
A/wv^A^
o
an erroneous writing for Nekht-pa-aten, though supported by the corresponding text on the right jamb ® -^ /y^ il
No trace of thLs inscription now remains.
Tlie owner of tliis unprepossessing sepulchre, then, was a man of tlio liighest rank, an trpa- and /la-prince, chancellor, and vizier. It miglit bo conjectured that lie was a man of modest prospects, and, being suddenly ennobled on tlie downfall of May, astutely profited by that lesson and avoided ostentation, like Apy and Rames. Most probably these three officials were deprived of more stately tombs by the deplorable quality of the rock at this point.
Tomb 16. (Plates vi., vii., viiL, xxiv.)'
Had this tomb been completed, it must have ranked as one of the finest roek-iiewn Ijurial-places in Egypt, and fortunately the great hall is sufficiently complete to allow the fancy to supply what is lacking. Unlike the rest of the tombs, it faces eastwards. The cornice of the outer portal is lacking, and the appi-oach has never been com- pletely hewn through the rock-slope. But as soon as one enters the hall, blank even of a graffito, but \vith walls as yet unstained and smooth,- its spaciousness and the grace of its slender columns make aiii])le amends. One wonders at the feverish energy and courage which could, as if by a magic wand, change this spot in the vast dead wilderness of rock into a hall of subtle grace and mystery, and then, before the toil could well serve any purpose, hasten away to new enterpriser, as far in motive as in distance from the world of busy life and human needs.
Columnar Hall. — The gi-eat hall is 53 feet long, 29 feet wide, 14 feet high. By setting the tomb low down, the architect gave thickness to the roof and could almost ignore its weight. He supported it, therefore, on twelve columns, which by their comparative slimness and free spacing are more than usually pleasing. Only the four columns of the central aisK' (Plate xxiv.) and those of the south side of the first cross-aisle are in any measure carried out. The rest are in the state of incompleteness shown by two columns in the Section, Plate viii. (cf. Plate xxiv.). On the more finished columns the inserted bunches of stems are not separated below the capital, nor divided into three above it.' A capricious feature is the introduction of three ribs on each of the eight stems, thus dividing each stem into four, a feature which is carried a step further in Tombs 0, 25, "<:. The tablets arc, as usual, so set as to face the visitor as he WMJks down the aisle. Each of the
' The heading of Chapter viii. of Mim. <hi Cullf tl'Aloiiiiii, which should have treated of this tomb, is the only i)art applicalile to it, tlie appciuhMJ plan and description being both borrowed from an entirely dissimilar tomb, No. 13.
'^ But this is not likely to last, unless the kindly sands again intervene to protect the tomb ; for countless bats make a home in it.
^ They were divided, but the divisions were afterwards filled up wilh plaster.
two rows of columns terminates in .square pilasters, furnished with base (generally in a rough state), roll, cornice, and abacus.
Wall-decoration. — -The breaking up of the extensive wall surfaces is one of the most pleasing elements of the architec- ture. The mode was suggested by the need for providing a shrine or shrines which the deceased, represented by his sitting statue, might occupy at his ease. These were set provisionally at each end of the first cross-aisle ; then in succeeding aisles, if such were provided ; and in the back wall of the main hall or of the further chamber. Each one was furnished with a corniced door-frame, and in lofty halls a superstructure, itself furni.shcd with a cornice, was added above the door. Hence the wall at both ends of each aisle of this tomb is corniced, yet in different ways. In the nearest aisle the cornice is double ; probably an entablature would have intervened. In the second there is a single cornice set lower down ; no door, however, is yet hewn out. In the third the single cornice is at the roof, and the door was to be correspondingly raised and reached by a little (light of steps, protected by a low ramp. The door in the back wall also is adorned with a double cornice with intervening open-work, on the ink design of which latter a beginning has been made with the chisel.* This diversity of application of the same feature is both striking and .succes.sful, and it is still further exemplified in the CJise of the Southern Shrine (Plate vii.. Section on AB). Here the lower cornice (which is separate and fixed in a rebate) is interrupted over the doorway and its place taken l)y a rectangular slab (?), the setting for which alone remains. Whether it was sculptured or inscribed, or indeed was ever supplied, cannot be determined.
Additional Chamueks. — The two shrines in the first cross-aisle contain rough blocks of stone which were t<» be transformed into sitting statues. The room to which the West Door gave entrance is only just begun, but the work done indiwtes a low chamber with slim, thickly- clustered columns. Perhaps the tomb was needed hur- rietlly for burial ; for the owner did not w.iit for the inner room to be completed, but excavated a long fiight of steps in the south-west comer of the hall, which, turning completely on itself in its descent, cnde<l in a small landing and an unfinished burial chamber, twenty-six feet Ik-Iow the floor of the hall.
Tomb 17. (Plate xii.)
This little tomb presents no interesting feature, except that, Iwing ai)parently undisturlx'd, it .showed sherds and IKittery lying in a layer upon the oripnal diift .vind.'
* We shall meet with this decoration in the tomb of Tutu, which is of very similar type (Part VI., PI. xiii.).
'' The small {)ot with a foot and the saucers shown in Plate xliv. came from this tomb. The tall jar is said to have been found in tlie excavation of these tombs, having been preserved since then in the house of a guard. The fragments I picked up on the site. .Ml the above snem
14
THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
Tomb 18. (Plate xiii.)
This tomb is of the direct corridor type, like the tomb of Any ; but the corridor is of the shortest. Yet simple as the hall is and neatly finished off above with a ridge-pole roof, the back part is still shapeless rock for a third of its height. So soon as a tomb was within measurable distance of com- pletion, Akhenaten or liis architects seem to have lost all interest in it. In this case the shrine which was to be ex- cavated at the end of the corridor is little better than a hole. Nevertheless, as in so many other cases, an inscription was written on the left jamb of the outer door, and even cut for half its length. The lower half, with the name and titles of the deceased, is lost to us, but the rest (now injured by thieves) contains the opening of the salutations. A translation is given on p. 18.
Tomb]9. SuTAU Q ^i ? wj') (Plates xiv.,xv.).
This tomb, which is of the same type as the last, but has a vaulted roof, is still more incomplete both without and within, and even the little loculus for burial high up in the south wall is probably a later provision. Yet so hopeless was the owner of seeing further progress made, that he prepared to commemorate himself and his king on the only finished wall-space in the entrance. Here on the left hand he caused the usual design, showing the Royal Family at worship, to be traced in ink ; but this has now almost disappeared. Beneath this his own figure and his prayer were copied in thick black ink, and this has come down to us in a fragmentary state, preserving to us little more than his name, Sutau, Overseer of the Treasury (Plate xv. ; translation on p. 17).
Tomb 20. (Plate xii.)
The approach to this tomb has not been carried through to the outer level, and this incompleteness foretells the state of the interior. The door-framing, however, is in order, and its lintel has received the only effort at decora- tion that was made (Plate xv.). Not that even this con- ventional design of the adoration of Aten by the Koyal family was carried to a finish. The sculptor abandoned it, and by some caprice of his the figures of the Queen and her three daughters have lieen omitted on both .sides.' The one prmcess who is visible is the Queen's sister Mutbenret ; she seems to have been fan-bearer to the Queen, for she always carries a fan.
to be of Eighteenth Dynasty types, but the heaps of sherds outside the chief tombs appear to be chiefly of quite late forms. These, I suppose, were thrown out l)y the ex- cavators, and were already broken for the most part. Professor Petrie, in a note, describes Tomb 16 as con- taining " burials in palm-sticks, coffins, etc.," and this was also the case doubtless in the other tombs. Most of these remains were destroyed, I believe, by the excavators ; but some probably were taken to Cairo, and may yet be iden- tified and dated.
' Perhaps three sculptors were engaged on the scene simultaneously.
Inside, the cross -corridor has been roughly excavated, and measures have been taken for carrying the hall farther back, leaving a row of four columns in the centre. That the latter were projected is shown in addition by a rough sketch of a column in red ink on the west wall, 5 feet high.
Tomb 21. (Plates xvi., xxxv.)
Leaving the little bay of low rock where only unpre- tentious tombs were admissible, we come to a hall which, if unsightly, affords a unique architectural feature. There is, as usual, a rough approach through the rock-slope to a portal which is uninscribed, equally with the interior.- After the cross-corridor had been hewn and shrines with double-corniced portals set at the ends, the central aisle was run out and a single row of three columns arranged for and partly detached on either hand. (The greater part of the mass has been removed from behind them on the west side, but on the other a beginning only was made under the ceiliug.) The square shape of the room, which allows a greater number of columns in the depth than in the width, is an innovation for the outer hall (cf. IV., xxxviii.). It is more surprising to find the longitudinal architrave arrested at the first column, and furnished with a cornice (Plate XXXV.). The effect is in itself pleasing, yet bewilder- ing ; for it can only give the suggestion of colonnades in an open court. This idea is supported by the provision of a cornice to the entrance on the inside, as if it were a gateway in an outer wall. It would certainly be permissible to regard this part of the funerary chapel as a colonnaded court with private rooms opening out of it ; but it is more probable that the owner of Tomb 21 was struck with the novelty which his neighbour Any had provided in his corniced portico, and, without regarding its significance, adopted it as an internal feature of his tomb. The cornice is carried round to the side walls, where the architraves rest on pilasters of the usual type ; but in the aisle it has not yet been completed past the second column on either side.
Tomb 22. (Plates .\vi., .xvii., xxxvi.)
This tomb is similar in external appearance to the last, liut the interior conforms to the usual type of columnar hall. The shape is oblong, admitting two rows of four columns each. Of the first row only two are detached and given their approximate outline. The rest have only acquired their abaci or are still to be formed by the removal of the rock. The ground-plan shows little space cleared beyond the cross-corridor ; but near the ceiling the central aisle is carried out to its limit, and there the cornice of a door gives promise of a further room or shrine in the axis.
A fragment of the design has been carried out on the lintel of the facade, and shows the King, Queen, and three daughters worshipj-iing Aten, and the Queen's sister in attendance (Plate xvi.).
- The visitor will seek in vain for the figure and text assigned to this tomb in Mon. du Ciilte d'Atonou, I., p. 60. Both come from the tomb of Huya at Et Til (III., xxxvii.).
SMALL OR ININSCUIBEl) TU.MJiS.
15
Tomb 24.
Pa-aten-em-heb ( A^ i\ "^ ' § H
This is only the entrance to a tomb, for it has progresse<l no further. Even the approach has not been liewu out, so that one descends to it by rough steps. It is now destitute of any recoi'd ; but, when first excavated, the ends of the columns of inscription, written in ink on the jambs, were visible and furnished us with the name of the too sanguine owner. He was named Pa atcn-em-heb, and was a Royal Scribe, Overseer of the soldiery of the Lord of the Two Lands, Steward of the Lord of the Two Lands, and Over- seer of porters in Akhetaten.'
Tomb 24a. (Plate xviii.)
This again is only an entrance to a tomb .md is without inscription.
' The authorities for the insciiption art; Parkssv, Re- cMcil, XV., p. 45, BouRiANT, Mon. du Culle d'Aionou, L, p. 47, and notes by Petoie. I have bungled my sketch,
and the title
51
given by M. Dares.sy in the second
column of each jamb should certainly be accepted. The inscription was sculptured, according to Petrie. The last title is likely to be a misreading for "Overseer of works," but compare IIT., pp. 8, 9.
Tomb 25a. (Plate xiv.)
This tiny chamber was excavated in 1883, and those who saw it in earlier years rep<jrt traces of illegible inscription on the jambs. The name, however, though written in ink only on the right jamb at the end of four columns of lost inscription, Ls still almost legible.- On the right jamb the upper parts of four columns of the praises of Aten are partially preserved. (1) " Life to the divine and sovereign Father, Horakhti-Aten, who gives life for ever and ever,
the living and great Aten within the «frf-festival "
(2) " the Aten (?) Lord of Existence, the Lord who
brings Eternity, Lord uf Everhisting, who flourishes . . . ."
(■
Will -rr
1A°1
D
{P)
(4) " Praise to thee, O living Aten who illuminest heaven (?)
with thy rays (?) "
On the lintel, and on a fragment fallen from it, is found part of the usual scene. The King, Queen, and three princesses were adoring Aten from behind altar-stJinds. I did not clear the chamber anew.
It seems to read
or something similar.
16
CHAPTEE IV.
THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.
As befoi'L', 1 divide tlii'se prayers iuto two classes — those placed iu the mouth of the deceased, and those prayers of the dy Jietep sden type displayed on the door-jarabs or the ceiling in short for- mulas, with a view to convenient recitation by visitors for the benefit of the spirit.
A. Prayers by the Deceased.
1. May. North Tliickness. (Plato ii.)
Previous notices are : D.\kessy, Rrcueil, xv., pp. 38-9 ; Mon. du Culte d'Atomou, PI. xxxiii. ; a translation by Breasted from his own copy, Becords, ii., p. 412.
" An adoration of Horakhti-Aten, who gives life for ever and ever, (of the) King of South and North, who li\'es in Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, N., ("2) the Son of the Sun, who lives in Truth, Lord of Diadems, A., great in his duration, (and of the) chief wife of the King, whom he loves, Lady of the Two Land.s, rich in love, N., who lives for ever and ever.
(3) " Thy rising is beautiful on the horizon of heaven, O living Aten, who dispensest life ! Shining on the eastern horizon of heaven, thou fiUest the Two Lands with thy beauty. Thou art bi-ight, great, gleaming, high above all the earth. As for thy rays, they (4) embrace (all ?) the lands, to the extent of all that thou hast made. Thou art as the sun ; thou bringest tlieir sum ' and sulijectest them to thy beloved Son.
"Thy rays are on thy bright image, the Ruler of Truth who proceeded from eternity. (5) Thou givest to him thy duration and thy years ; thou hearkenest for him to all that is in his heart (because) thou lovest him ; thou makest him like the Aten — him thy child, the King of South and North, N., who proceeded from thy rays. He has made for thee Akhetaten, (a city) very rich (6) in love, possessing favouri abounding in wealth, within which is the bounty of the sun. Men rejoice to see her beauty. She is adorned and comely ; she is seen as a glimpse into heaven. Her extent is not compassed ; the Aten dawns in her and fills her with his rays.
(7) " (So also) he (" his heart " ?) embraces his Son, his beloved, a Son of Eternity, who proceeds from Aten, and
1 Alliteration of ' sun ' (Ra) with ' sum ' (ra).
(who) administers the land for Hiui who set him on His throne, and makes the land belong to Him who made him. Every land makes festival at his rising. They assemble, making ofl'erings to his Jca, to the Aten when he rises on the horizon each morning.
(8) "(When) his son presents Truth- to thy fair face, there is rejoicing. Thou lookest on him, for he proceeded from thee and thou hast granted to him (tu be) a King like the Aten, (he) Nefer-kheperu-ra-Ua-en-ra. May there be life and health such as the Aten (has) !
"The hereditary crpa-prince and /tn-priuce, Royal Chancellor and Sole Companion, (9) . . . , acting Scrilje of the King, beloved of him. Commandant of the soldiery of the Lord of the Two Lands, Overseer of the House of Sehetep-Aten,^ [May].
" He saith ' I (am) a servant of him who fostered liim, punctilious for the Lord of the Two Lands, serviceable to his lord. I set truth in my inward parts ; falsehood is my loathing, (10) for I know that the Son of the Aten, N., rejoiceth at it. He multiplies towards me my favours like the number of the sand-grains. I am the first of the elders, the chief of the Bel-hjt. (11) My lord promotes me Ijecause I do his teaching. I hearken to his voice unceasingly ; my eyes see thy beauty day by day — my lord, sapient hke Aten, contented with truth !
'■ How prosperous is (12) he who hearkens to thy teaching of Life. May he be made content by the sight of thee and reach old age !
" Do thou give to me fair buiial as a gift of thy bounty in the tomb which thou commandest for me to repose there (in) the cliff of Akhetaten, (13) the seat of the elect. O thou multitude of Niles, pouring forth waters daily, N., my god, who created me and by whose bounty I live !
" Thou causest me to be content in following thee un- ceasingly. (14) f) thou whom Aten bare, thou art to Eternity ! O thou multitude of prayers (?), Ua-en-ra, how he (?) prospers who follows thee ! (15) Thou shalt gi-ant to him that all that he doeth abide eternally. (16) Then shall his lord give him (?) burial (17) ; (for) his mouth holds truth."
- Or "ofiierings." But the spiritual oblation seems to have been typified by a votive tablet (IV., p. 19), so that the reference may be to this.
■■ Probably the residence of some member of the Royal family. See note, p. 5.
THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.
17
2. Sutau. North Thickness (Plate xv.). Previous copy : Mov. du Culte d'Atunou, PI. x.xx.i
" (9) Ua-en-ra . . . . ( 10)
serviceable to the Father ('(). Do thou grant to me (?) my
eyes to see thee (11) those who hear thy voice (?),
the King of the South and North, who lives in Truth, Lord of the Two Land.s, N., (12) Son of the Sun, A., [great in his duration,] and the chief wife of the King, whom ho loves, Nofertiti, who lives for ever and ever.
(13) "The Overseer of the Treasury, [Sutau, says] . . . . my lord(?), who made me into a man. Thou fosterest me (14) by thy bounty, though I was of no account, [en- larging (?)] me and building me up, O Ruler ! Thou settest me (l.")) at the head of the daily with work- men exceedingly [numerous (?)],'- (16) saying
unto me : ' Do (?) .so that (when) 1 call to
one of ten, answer (thou) at (17) the order.' O Ruler . . . • .... production (?). Thou madest me Overseer of the Treasury of the Lord of the Two Lands, Servant of Him- who-is-great-in-his-duration, (18) the King's [Keeper (?)] (19)
of silver, gold, unguents, (20) oils, gums, (21) (22)
a courageous man (?), thy favourite handservant (?), the Overseer of the Treasury of the Lord of the Two Lands, Sutau."
.3. Any. Left Door Janil). (Plait; xi.)
Previous copy of the Jambs : Mim. du Culte d'Atonou, PI. xxvii.
" Praise to thee, 0 living Ateu, lord of rays. Creator of light. When he dawns all men live. May he grant a life hajipy with the sight of his beauty, and good burial in Akhetaten.
"For the lea of the Scribe of the King, the Steward Any, maakhvru."
i. Any. Right Door Jamb. (Plato xi.)
" Praise to thee, O living Aten, lord of duration, who givest repetition (of Life), lord of Fate, who fosterest .... .... May he grant a sight of Aten as often as he rise.s, and that thou adore him. May ho listen to what thou sayest and give thee breezes to thy nostril.^
" For the ka of the Scribe of the King, the Scribe of the Altar of the Lord of the Two Lands, the Steward Any, maakhcru."
5. Any. Shrine. Left W.ill. (Plato ix.)
" Mayest thou receive offerings * [of the King's gift (?)]
[at] every shrine of thine, that thy name
may flourish [in the abode] which thou lovest(?). May
> Cf. Daressy, Becuetl, xv., p. 50.
I I I
may be conjectured.
^ £) I is omitted in the plate. See Mon. du Culte d'Atonou, I., p. 52.
n
■* Emend to C'umiiarc 111., xx., a very similar
prayer, by help of which wi- are able to elicit the meaning of this fragmentary text.
each generation that is to come (?) [address thee". May thy name not be to seek [in thy house], since thou art a son [to whom is made (?)] '•" a. dy lietep selen of thy bread and thy beer of thy [house], wine of the hou.se (?) which has been oflered in the Presence and [water] from thv sluice (?). " The servant and agent of the Royal Scribe Any, «i<i«- kheru, Meryra."
6. Any. Shrine. Right wall. (Plate x.)
((
since thou art one of the King has ordered (?)
for thee goodly burial (in) the cliff of Akhetaten, [and a mansion of] eternity (?) in which thou art, thy shrine for thy ka.
" the servant and agent ° of the Royal
Scribe Any, maakheru, Meryra."
B. Burial Petitions.
I.May. Left Jamb. (Plate i v.)
Previous copies of both jambs : Mon. du Cultf d'Atonou, PI. x.xxi. ; Daressv, Reauil, xv., p. 41.
Col. 1. [Adoi-ation of Horakhti-Aten, the King and Queen.]
Col. 2. " [A dy hetep seten of the Aten, living and great,] dwelling in the serf-festival, Lord of heaven and earth, who illuminates the Two Lands. May he grant that 1 see hLs beauty day by day and that his rays be spread upon my body.
"For the ka of one who greatly gratifies his lord ; one to whom all manner of wt)rds are sjiid that he may lay them before the Lord of the Two Lands ; Bearer of the Fan on the right hand of the King, Acting Scribe of the King, lieloved by him, May, maakheru."
Col. .'5. " [A dij hetep seten of the ka of the King, living in Truth], Lord of the Two Lands, N., who gives life for ever.
"May he grant good buri;il by command of his ka in the demesne of Akhetaten.
" For the ka of the unique one, excellent in the presence of the Lord of the Two Lands, one who fills the ears of Horus with Truth, the Overseer of the soldiery of the Lord of the Two Lands, Acting Scribe, etc.''
Col. 4. " [A dy hclep seten of the k<i of the King, who lives in Truth, Lord of Diadems, A.], great in his duration.
" May he grant ingress and exit in the King's house, with favour of the good god, until the coming of the goodly guerdon.
"For the ka of him whom the King promoted for his excellent achievements, whose success mode his pasitiim, the Overseer of the House of Sehetep-Aten, the Acting Scribe, etc."
'•' Or "in which ihuu art. (cf. Plate X.).
« Read v>^ ^
May there be mode for thee "
18
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMABNA.
Col. 5. " [A (ly hetep selen of the Chief "Wife of the King,] whom he loves, Lady of the Two Lauds, Nefertiti, living for ever and ever.
" May she gi'ant her favour firm and fixed and that the body be pro\nded with joy of her giving.
" For the Jm of the attendant of the King in his splendid barge, he who is sent after the Lord of the Two Lands, Overseer of all the works of the King, the Acting Scribe, etc."
2. May. Right Jamb. (Plate iv.)
Col. 1 . This column and the opening phrases of the others are as on the left jamb.
Col. 2. " ]Mav he grant a sluice of water and a scent of wind, a reception of favour ' in the presence of the Lord of the Two Lands.
"For the Jca of the favourite of the good god, one advanced in office in the King's house, Bearei- of the Fan, etc."
Col. 3. " May he grant life, prosperity and health, and readiness in the presence of the Lord of the Two Lands, and a life happy with the sight of the beauty of each (recurring) sun - without intermission.
" For the ka of one great in his office, high in his rank, a noble by whom the heart is gratified, Overseer of the soldiery, etc."
Col. 4. " May he grant happy recollection (of him) in the King's house and continuance in the mouth of his courtiers.
" For the ka of the unique one, approved in the heart of his lord, one whom he recognised as doing .serviceably, Overseei' of the House of Ua-en-ra in On, [Acting Scribe, etc.]"
^ The sculptor began to write snw, " a reception of food from the Presence," and corrected it to hsw. - Or, perhaps, " his beauty every day."
Col. .5. " May she grant an entrance of favour and an exit of love, and gladness of heart in Akhetaten.
" For the ka of one who was a favourite of the King of the South when he was a youth and who (now) has reached the goodly guerdon, the Bearer of the Fan on the right hand of the King, [the Acting Scribe, etc.] "
3. May. Ceiling Inscription. (Plate ii.)
Middle Column. " An adoration of thee (1) when thou dawnest on the horizon, O Aten, Horus (?) of the two horizons (Horakhti). Let there be no failure to see Ra ; open thy two eyes to see him ; may thy corpse be firm and thy name established "
North Column. '• For the ka of the
Overseer of [works] in all [the land]. Overseer of the soldiery (?) of the Lord of the Two Lands (?), May."
4. Tomb 18. Left Jamb. (Plate xiii.)
Copy by Boueiant, Mission Fran^aise, i., p. 368.-'
Col. 1. "Life to the Divine and Sovereign Father, Horakhti- Aten . . . ."
Col. 2. " Praise to thy ■• ka, O living Aten, according to that which thy son says to thee ; he who proceeded from thy body, thy child who knows thee and extols thee . . . ."
Col. 3. " Praise to thy ka, O Ruler of Truth who (art) eternal like Aten, thriving and living and conducting^ things to which the living Aten has given birth . . . ."
Col. 4. " Praise to thy ka, O great royal wife of Ua-en- ra, tall in the plumes and gleaming in apparel (?), charming of voice in the palace . . . ."
^ The text, which was never completely engraved, now lacks also the upper part.
■* Read ^:3:^ with Bouriant. The plate has followed an erroneous reproduction of Bouriant's copy in 3Ion. dit Cidle d'Atonou, p. 129.
^ I follow Bouriant, who read ~]T' J n before the inscription was damaged.
19
CHAPTER V.
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
A. Thkir Distribution.
The Boimdary iSlelat', of Akheuatua lie m the semi-circle of hills which surround the plain of El Amarna on the east side of the ri\i'r and in the hills facing this on the west (Plate xxxiv.). Fourteen arc now known ; three (A, B, F)' being on the west side and eleven on the east." The three stelae on the western mountains seem to be the northernmost, midmost and southern- most on this side, where the extent of cliff" suit- a])le for sucli monuments is very limited. Prob- ably no more were hewn there. Of those on the east side we seem to possess the most northerly in X ; for it lies beyond the plain at a point where two narrow tracks into the plain diverge, one keeping to the river-bank, the other tra- versing the mountains. Its position on the spur of tlie hills is accurately described in the phrase "the headland of the Northern Stela" (X, hne 42). A line joining A and X represents, then, the north boundary of the district of Akhetaten ; it faces several degrees east of magnetic, north, perhaps llic true uorlii nf th;il day.^ A parallel line, however, drawn from F,
' I adopt the lettering initiated by Professor Petbie {Tell el Amnivn, pp. 5, G, Plato xxxiv.), who l)y his inde- fjitigiiblo energy in this district in 1891-2 added so much to our knowledge, and, by the intere.st whicli he excited, became in no small measure responsible for the present series of volumes. His uiiiniblished materials also have always been unrcseivedly put at the disposal of other workers, and I shall have to acknowledge my indebtedness to him in several instances.
- I cannot admit that I, should be included. It is a little tablet, about 5 feel, by .'! feet, retaining only a trace of inscription, and having no resemblance to the other monuments. It may not even be of this period.
'•' In these discussions of position 1 am entirely depen- dent on Prof. Potrie's map.
southernmost on the west side, does not pa.ss through .1, the soutlienmio.st on the east bank of the river, but almost exactly through P, which lies further south in the desert road behind the mountains. A parallel line through B passes through V, an obliterated stela near the mouth of the defile througli wliieh the mountain-path from X enters the plain. ^ These .stelae, then — A, B, F and X, V, J (or P) — seem to represent the six landmarks (northern, southern and middle, on both banks) mentioned in the text (p. 34).
Three of the stelae on the east bank date trom an earlier year and contain a special text, viz., X (the northernmost), M (at the southern limit of the plain), and K (a few hundred vards south of M, on the river road, where every vestige of cultivation now ends for many miles). K (first series) and J (second series) seem to represent a wish to include in the district of Akhetaten some length of the approach to Akhetaten by the river bank, so balancini; X exactly."
The rest of the known stelae are distributed unequally and their sites are fixed with more or less obvious intentions. J, if not alreadv fixed on the river bank as the Southern Stela, wa^j needed to make known the later form of the proclamation to travellei-s entering Akhetaten by this route: I'. »,>, IJ. S ,liaw a chain <.f
' It would have been at the mouth, no doubt, but for the desire to place it exactly opposite (ejist of) B.
' X and M .s«>m then to have been the lirst stelae to l)e lived, K so<m after replacinu' M as the South Stela. Ijit<T, I* wius made on the mountain-nuid, and from X and P (or J) the positions of A and F were determiuetl on the western mount^kin. The sit^- of |{ wa-n lix<>d on liecjiusi- im such bold cliff oilers itself further to the south on this side. From it the ]iosilion of V was taken.
20
THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.
information across the wide valley in which the mountain roads from the south run : N lies in the middle of the mountain-wall south of the plain, U similaily on the east, near the entrance to the ravine where the Royal tomb is hewn and which is also a back-way into Akhetaten.
The eleven later stelae contain the same pro- clamation, and as the copies differ only in spelling and in the addition or omission of un- important phrases, the text is now completely restored by collation (Plates xxvii., xxviii.). The stelae A and B on the western bank make an addi- tion at the end of the usual text (Plate xxxiii.).
It is possible that a few more stelae have perished or remain to be discovered ; but, as the limits seem now to have been found, only a copy of the earlier and sadly-injured proclama- tion could add much to our knowledge.^
B. Their History and Contents.
When Akhenaten (or Amenheteja-neter-heqa- Uast, as the orthodox knew him) came to El Amarna (probably in the second year of his reign), having decided to found a new capital here which should at least prove a counterpoise to Thebes' and form a soil where the worship of Aten could flourish in purity, uncontaminated by older traditions and without being overshadowed by a more imposing cult, he must have set about
' I have personally visited and made notes of, or com- pletely copied, all of them, according to their importance, except Stela P. This is almost or completely sanded np, and, in spite of the kind assistance aftbrded me by M. Lefebvi'e and his officials, could not be found by the native guards. This, combined with the inhospitality of this remote spot, drove me back on two occasions, after making planned efforts to reach it. Fortunately, Professor Petrie copied all that remains of it, and as my visit could have added but little to the information he gives, I am almost glad that this stela must remain to his credit alone, since no one can appreciate the fatigue involved in beating the bounds of Akhetaten but he who has essayed it.
- We have not sufficient material at present to enable us to form any just idea of the position Thebes took during this reign.
his project with enormous energy and initiative. Apparently he did not wait for the completion of his designs, but planned out a whole series of temples, palaces, and tombs in advance, carrying out their most essential features to begin with. It may be that even at the end of his reign the great temple lagged far behind the pictures of it which the toml)s display, and we have already seen the feverish haste in which sepulchral halls were laid out and then abandoned because the workmen were needed to push forward other schemes. The same procedure probably governed the foundation of Akhetaten, for we find that at the end of the King's fourth year' he could describe Akhetaten as containing numerous temples, palaces, and royal and private tombs. ^
On the 4th day' of the 8th month of the 4th year the King made a public appearance and held a oreat ceremonv of dedication, but neither the place of the ceremonial nor the exact scope of it is now clear. If it was not the ceremony of dedicating Akhetaten itself as well as of officially marking its boundaries, it proljably took place on the anniversary of that event.
^ Professor Petrie's story of the reign is largely governed by the rejection of this date of the early stelae, which, though not absolutely certain, is vouched for Ijy the presence of one daughter only, by the peculiar form of the Queen's name, and by the contents, which show plainly that, at that time, only the Stelae K, X (or M, X) were projected. Moreover, the date " Year 4 " occurs again in the body of the text, though, unfortunately, in a dubious connection (1. 20). The oil- and wine-jars dated to the second and thii'd years, therefore, may not need to be assigned to Akhenaten's successor (Griffith, in Petrie's T. A., p. 32). If Akhenaten by the fourth year had definitely abandoned his old name, the adoption of the new titulary would in itself be a sufficient reason for the erection of these three stelae.
■* I take the wording of the proclamation (K, col. xi.) to refer to projects already taken in hand, even if their full completion was still a thing of the future. If the King was a mere boy, this and much else must be reconsidered.
^ It may well be "the 13th day," and so allow the ceremony which the later stelae describe to have taken place on the second anniversary of the first. The pro- cedure on both occasions was so similar that the earlier phraseology could be closely followed.
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
21
After a great sacrifice had been made (in the city ?), the King proceeded to the site of one or all of the stelae. There he assembled the dignitaries of the land and recounted to them how that he liad founded Akhetaten in this spot in obedience to a divine mes.sage which had come to liim personally. Atcn had chosen this place for liis worship without a rival, ami tlie Roy.il pair were to reign for him over the whole of Greater Egypt ; for the Aten was god also of all the known lands. Then the King, lifting his hand to heaven, made a solemn vow that he would not remove Akhetaten fi'om the exact bounds marked out li\- the stelae on tlie north and south of the chosen district, and that the city would be confined to the east bank of the river. By settling in tliis formal way the limits of ths new enclave on which the duty of sup- porting the worship of Aten in Akhetaten was to fall, the legal ])urdens on the land were fixed and security given to tenure. The proclamation informs us also what had been accomplished or undertaken b\- the King. The list includes at least five temples l)uilt to Aten in the city of Akhetaten or on its island, palaces for himself and liis Queen, a Royal tomli which he commands shall be the burial-place of himself, his wife, and his daughter, wherever they may chance to die,' and sepulchres for the Mnevis-bull (the incarna- tion of Ra of Heliopolis),' fur the high-priests of Aten'' and the "Divine Fathers" of Aten, and
' The tomb iii the ravine where Meketateii whs buried is therefore ahnost certainly tlie tomb wliich the King intended to be the resting-place of liimsolf and his family. The early death of his daughter may have rendered an alteration of the original plan advisable. Hut the pre- sumption is that the King also died suddenly, and wa.s buried hero. It would bo no wonder if, under the circum stances, the walls failed to be suitably inscribed.
- This interesting and surprising reading, which I could wish were a little more jussured, I owe to the Editor.
^ The tomb of Meryra, in the N. group, is the only one known to come under this head, and its decoration at least seems to be of a later date, though it may have been pro- jected from the fii'st, or have replaced an uninscribed tomb in the S. group. Ay was not a " Divine Father" of Alcn.
for other otticiants (?). Then, in a few words, we have what seems to be a brief relation of the evils which had led to the religious reformation. So little is known of Akhenaten's activity in Nubia beyond what the ruins of the temples of Sedeinga, Sole)), and Se.sebe di.sclose, that we must regret the loss of the connection in which the land of Kush is mentioned (K, line 25). Tlic proclama- tion closes witli regulations for the festivals of the Aten and for the upkeep of the temples by dues. This recital, comprising the royal oath and decree, were engraved on the three boundary-tablets K, X and M : but before the task was quite completed (probably well on in the 5th year) Meketaten had been born to the King, and her figure was in.serted on the Southern Stela, K.
Un or aliout the second anniversary uf this proclamation another oath was taken in public by the King.^ The limits of the district of Akhetaten had now been marked out, not onl\- on the river, but also on the desert sides. Six (additional ?) stelae were to be engraved, giving the side-boundaries of Akhetaten in new and more exact terms : one to north, nne t<» south, and one between these on the mountain ranges on both sides of the river.
From the description given (S, line 9) it woidd seem that the King made his oath at the site of the Stela J.^ Afterwards he seems to have visited tlie Northern ami Middle Stelae on tlie ea-st side (S, lines 14, Ki, 17).
On the givt'ii date — (itli year, 8th mouth,
* See note 5 on page 20.
'•" "South-east" can mean in the stela the southern point on the east side (cf. S, line IG, where "the NE. tablet'' must mean X). The King " makes southward," .so jirobably J is meAut. .\s on the east side the hills closed in on the river on the north and south, there wen- no true NE. and SE. Stelae till V and S were liewn at similar distjini-es from the south and north IxiundaricH n-- sixjctively. Stela S is due 8outh-ea.st from the city, so that P or S might be indicated by the phrase, but P is almost inacce-ssible by chariot. The roa<ls which are still U> l)c seen lea<ling up to several of the stelae were pniljably made for the King's visit.
THE EOCK TO.MBS OF EL AMARNA.
13th day — the King, after a great sacrifice to Aten in the city, as on the former occasion, drove southwards in his chariot, and '" on the south- east mountain of Akhetaten " made a proclama- tion defining the boundaries of Akhetaten more precisely by means of the six stelae, and swore that he would never overstep them or suffer them to fall into decay/ The district (of which he gave the exact length) he declared to belong- to the x\teu, with all its inhabitants, animals and products, for ever and ever, from the eastern hills to the western.
Probably the work of engraving these land- marks had not been begun at this time, and while it was in progress an increase in their- numbers was resolved on. In consequence the eleven or more stelae were not ready till the beginning of the 8th year.'^ By that time a new asseveration of the oath had been arranged for, probably in connection with the dedication of the additional stelae, for the ceremonial seems this time to have taken place on the south-east boundary (S, line 26), where three or four new stelae had been set up (P, Q, E, S). This was in the 8th year, 5th month, 8th day, and the western stelae seem to have been visited a few days earlier (4 th month, last day). The pro- ceedings perhaps took place on some anniversary or festival, and were fixed long in advance, so that the record of them could be added before- hand to the rest of the inscription.^ On the
■ This must not be too strictly interpreted. J was pushed some hundreds of yards south of K, and the Royal Tomb lies beyond the boundary eastwards.
- In consequence of the heavy work entailed on quarriers and sculptors, little or no work could be done upon the tombs. For this reason no tomb shows two daughters, and perhaps all in the S. group are later than the stelae.
'■'■ On every stela the oath and the record of its renewal run on in the same line, and, so far as I can see, without sign of erasure, though V, P, J, the stelae most concerned, have lost the part in question. It .seems, ' therefore, that the whole was cut on all at one time. The engraver of li also knew the form prescribed for the addition ; but, wishing to give the new oath at length, he changed it to a retro- .spective note — " The oath was in the 6th year . . . " — and
eastern stelae (and also on F) ■* it took a simple form : "' This oath was repeated in the year . . . .' On A and B, however, the brief sum- mary in which the substance of the previous oath had been repeated was appended to it.
Before this longer text could be engraved, Akhenaten's third daughter had been born, and her name and figure were accordingly added at the side (.)f the " altars " of these two stelae.^
C. Description of the Stelae.
These monuments are of an almost invariable form, of whicli Plate xxvi. gives an excellent example. They are rounded at the top, and the sky from which Aten sends his divergent rays on the altar and on the royal pair is corres- pondingly arched. The upper part is occupied by a .scene showing the King, Queen, and two princesses adoring Aten, the former generally having their arms outstretched from the shoulder, while the princesses carry sistrums. Part of this division, however, is often taken up by the beginning of the inscription, arranged in vertical columns, the rest of it being written on the lower part of the stela in horizontal lines in either direction.
In the scene above, the titulary of the sun, of the royal pair, and of the princesses, is added in columns. There is generally an altar-table of common form, the two or three panels of which are decorated with the five cartouches. The
then added the new oath thus : " 8th year, 4th month, last day — ^the oath which the King spake when fixing the stelae of Akhetaten. . . ." But he gives a different date in the 6th year from that which is unanimously given for the later proclamation, even by A, which presumably followed B in ending.
■• F, which does not share the peculiarities of A and B, seems to be earlier ; since it gives a date (according to Petrie) for the (forthcoming'!) ceremonial on the east side which proved four months too soon.
■' The three dedications, then, seem to have briefly pre- ceded the birth of three successive children. Did this domestic King invite the favour of Aten, who " makes the son to live in the body of his mother, nursing him in the body," by these gifts and engagements?
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
IS
table is piled with jars, meats, birds, vegetables, flowers, and dishes of burning incense, and often has a back like that of a chair at one end, and at the other ;i kneeling figure iioldiuff a dish filled with a cone of food (?). The altar, or one of the two duplicated royal groups, is often replaced by the columns of text.
The King and Queen are clothed in garments of the usual fdini. The King usually wears the khepei'sh head-dress, the Queen the two feathers with horned disc. The bodies are given their most exaggerated forms, and the faces tlieir most repulsive outlines, on these stelae of the early years of the reign. Indeed, these worst dis- tortions are almost limited to stelae, trial- pieces, etc.
The stelae of the later series, unlike the earlier, are almost invarialdy flanked uu both sides with groups of statuary of a special cliai-acter. They are formed in the following way. The King and Queen stand side by side in a combined group, the King being on tlie side nearer tlic stela; he is somewhat: stouter in build tli.-ui she, liur the forms do not greatly differ. It is, how- ever, only in A and S, where the stone is of good quality, that the statuary is .sufficiently well preserved to inform us on points of detail, and here the moulding of the l)ody is exquisitely soft and delicate, despite the exaggerated dimen- sions of the hips and thighs (Plates xxxiv., xxxix., xl., xliv.). The bodies seem usually to be nude, or nearly so. The King wears cither the khepersh or the crown dI' I.ower Egypt, the Queen her flat head-dix'ss or a cap ; but the heads or faces have, in every case, ])cen broken away.' The figures always have their arms out- stretched either rrmn the shouhlci- (H- iVoin the elbow (generally there is one group nf each form), and each grasps tjie uppei- rim of a narrow vertiial tablet inscribed with the names of the
' As the fragments were left wliore tliey fell, they iire sometimes to be recovered from the sands. See below (N iind Q). The heads of the stntues wore often separate, and attached to tlio rmK- liv an inset.
Ateu and tlie royal pair." As these are joined together and to the statues in a solid mass (concealing the figures for rather more than half their breadth, and .so obviating the need of drapery), they resemble altars, but really show the King and Queen "upholding the name of Aten."^ The tablet is sometimes upright, some- times leaning outwards at the top, as if to be read the better. The heads and figures are joined to the clift' by a stay of rock.
The statues of the little princesses are always two in numl)er. The girls are nude, and wear an enormous side-lock. They hold one another's hands, and with her free arm ISIerytaten reaches out to touch her mother. These figures are set on a base, and against an arched liack, as if they were a free-standing group (Plate xliv.).
Stela A (Plates xli., xliii.) lies three miles to the south of Tuneh-el-Gebel, on the face of the western hills. It is 14 feet high and 7 feet 6 inches Ijroad, with eight columns of text and twenty-five liorizontal lines. The former are in (air pi('ser\atiiin (I'l. xxxiii.) ; the latter seem to have been systematically battered, but the first six and last six lines and the ends of the rest are fairly legible. The lower lines are rapidly decaying. The writing is from left to right. Tiie upper scene shows vertical lines of text on the left, and on the right the King and Queen adoring Aten behind a table of oHerings. Merytaten and Meketaten shake sistrums behind her.^ The horizontal ram's horns are added to the disc in the Queen's head-dress.
Oil the south side of the stela arc two groups
- The tablets have rounded tops in Q (detaclieil fm_u- ment).
•' In the case of S the lower altar holds the names of the gofi and the Kin;; ; the higher one adds that of the Quc^n. Probably this is the explanation of the two miHlcls.
' Their names are totally inisrejul by Piti8.>!K, .Vim. /?<;., PI. .\iv. Drawn by Uw, MSS., i;98U, fols. Xl-XU : the first is reproduced in Plato xliii. by kind pcrnii.s.sioii of the Director of the British Museum. Sketched also by L'HoTK, Lcttrex SeriUf, pp. 59, 131, and .^fSS., III.. 303-.tOG.
24
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
of statuary, one of each model (Plates xxxiv., xxxvi.). On both the figures are draped. The King wears a broad girdle with falling ends, and the clinging drapery of the Queen is delicately indicated on her body and limbs. The fringed upper hem of her robe is seen crossing above and between her breasts, and its folds are gathered together in a knot below them. It is open in front, but a narrow sash knotted on the navel seems to indicate an under-garment. The upper arms and the breast of both figures are adorned with cartouches of the Aten. It is jiecu- liar to A and B that, though only two daughters are shown in statuary, the figure and name of Ankhes-en -pa-ate n were added to those of the other two on one side of the north " altar," showing that she was born before the completion of the work. The names are in the invariable form (cf L., D., iii., 91a-/).
Stela B. — This lies about two miles to the south of Stela A, but halfway l)etween them a rock face has been cut, which may have been the preparation for another stela. It is more likely that it is only a quarry, perhaps even of Roman date.^ By the side of it forty-one steps, 7 feet broad, making use of a natural gully, ascend to the top of the low clifi', wliere signs of surface quarrying are frequent. A few steps lead from the foot of this to the quarried face, which is 14 feet high and 35 feet long.
Stela B is about the same size as the last, and in much the same condition. There are seven or eight vertical columns of inscription, and twenty- seven horizontal lines. Columns 1-4 are nearly illegible and line 27 entirely so, while the whole has been very badly defaced by hammering. The scene above shows the King, the Queen, and two daughters lifting hands in adoration of Aten on either side of the columned text. The figures on the left are almost destroyed. The initial date is also gone. On both side.s of tlie stelae are
' This must be the spot which M. Daressy erroneously describes (Recueil, xv., p. iii, no. 7).
groups of the royal pair and their two daughters. Three daughters are shown and named on the side of the south " altar."
Stela F. — According to Professor Petrie, this stela is " on a low scarp of rock in the middle of a wide bay of desert" south of Gildeh, and is usually buried in sand. The scene is gone, as well as the first five discernible horizontal lines. There are nine more lines, 49 inches long, the last seven l)eing fairly complete. The in- scription is so short that it would not even contain the royal oath.' I think, therefore, that either there was no upper scene at all and that the remaining forty-one inches under the disc were entirely occupied by inscription, or that the top of the stela is quite gone. The text runs from right to left.
Stela J. — This is situated high up on the north side of the first ravine entering the hills which rise from the western river-bank, south of the village of Hawata. It lies a few hundred yards to the south of Stela K.
The stela is in great ruin (Plate xxxvi.) ap- parently from natural causes, the lower j^art of the rock here being now a rough cave. The stone was bad to liegin with, having to be ex- tensively patched by the engravers with insets which now have fallen out. The eight columns of inscription are in very bad condition, the date being indecipherable. The eight horizontal lines, 75 inches broad, which remain, show many gaps.^ The scene above is on the right of the columns of text and shows the King, Queen, and two princesses ^ adoring Aten with out- stretched arms, behind an oftering-talile. The text is written from left to right. The clifi' is smoothed down on the left of the stela to receive statues ; but, though their place is visible, they have perished.
Stela K (Plates xxix., xxx., xxxvii.,
- Line 8 begins near the end of line 21 of Stela S. ^ The text extends to the end of line IG of Stela S. The negative was kindly furnished by Professor Steindorfl. * The upper one is gone ; the lower is named Meketaten.
THE BODNDARY STELAE.
25
xxxviii.). — This monument is cut in the high cliff to the north of Stela J. It is 70 inches broad, and the horizontal lines, which I reckon to have been eighty in number, measure eleven feet in height.' There were, besides, twenty-one vertical columns. This magnificent monument is ruined by natural decay, the lower two-thirds being almost useless. It contains the earlier text, written from left to right. The scene above " shows the King adoring the Aten on the right of the vertical columns. Behind him, his wife and his daughter Merytaten rattle sistrums (the Queen's name Ijoth above and in
front of her is written ( J ^ (| s=' \\ f^ 1 simply). This leaves no room for further figures ; but the border has been erased and, a little space having been smoothed at the side, a tiny figure of Meketateu, accompanied liy an attendant,^ has been rudely inserted, and licr name added in a column near her sister's. This might represent a miscalculation liy the sculptor, l)ut is probably an addition implying the l)irth of a second daughter after the scene was executed. There are no statues.
Stela M.— About 18 feet high (13 feet of inscription possible) and 0 feet broad. The stela is almost obliterated, but fragments of the first eleven lines can be read, written from left to right. These belong to the earlier pro- clamation. The scene seems to have shown King, C^ueen and possibly one or two daughters adoring Aten to the right of several columns of text. There are no statues. The stela is onl}' a few liuiiilrcil yards imrllinl' K, and lies at tlie turn of tlie mouiilaiii, just lidiiiid a sheikh's tomb. It is set deep in a hewn recess.
' From the top o£ line 40 to the end of the inscription is 66 inches. Tiie negative of the photogi-iiph on Plate .xxxvii. was kindly furnished by Professor Sti-inilorfT.
- Fdi- the sccni- .SCO L., D., iii., 1 lofc, wliiih includes twenty-one of the luiriziintiil lines.
■' Not a second daughter. An allcndiinl is not clscwhcn- shown on the stelae, but the child was so young that a nui-se seemed fittinjj.
Stkla N (Plates xxxiii., xl.). — About half- way along the southern boundary of the plain, just under the summit. It is 82 inches broad and 13 feet high, half of the height being occupied by twenty-six horizontal lines of text reading from left to right. What is left of this is in good condition, but the upper half is largely lost by the falling away or theft of patching-stones. The date is lost. The scene shows two daughters.^ Steindorff cleared the lower part in 1898 and found heads of the King and Queen (replaced in Plate xl.)."
To right and left of the stela, and sheltered by the overhang of the rock, are combined statues of the King and Queen and of the two princesses. The group on the right hand (west) is smaller. The arms of the larger group bend upwards from the elbow. The character of the o-roup of children will best be learnt from the photograph (PI. xliv.)."
Stkla P. — This is tlie westernmost of four stelae which are set in a straight line (59°) across the great valley which leads .southwards from the SE. corner of the plain. This contains two kho7-s, one on the west side of the valley and one on the east. P is placed on the west mountain -side, Q in the west ifior, R in the east k/ior, S on the east mountain -.side. Stela P was blown to pieces by gunpowder a few years ago by Copts, who expected, as all Egyptians do, to find that the stela was a door to a hidden treasure-chamber.^ It was 70 inches broad
* For the scone above .see L., D., iii., llOd, and my sketch (ba.sed on that and on photographs) on Plate xxxiii. The faces of the King and Queen are rei>roduce<l in L, D., iii., 29r>, nos. 4."), 4S, and are characteristic for the stelae.
' STKlNlK'ltKF, Diirch die Ljihinchi- Wiiult, pp. 11. \2. Bericht d. Kin). Sn.l.s. G.s. LeiyzKi, I'.'OO, pp. 210--.'12 (photographs).
" The nc'atives tor Ixiili phoio;,'niphs of this stela were kindly furnished by Professor SteindorlV.
• Cf. Hay's account of his visit to the slela at Tuneh. " The principal pei-sonage oouiniencitl by asking why we had shut up the door as soon as wo saw them coming . . . foi- he insisted that the Uiblct c«iuld bo nothing loss " (Add.
K
26
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMAKNA.
and 12 feet 6 inches high. Only a fragment with the heads of the Royal pair remains. The King, Queen and two princesses were shown praying to the Aten on either side a central altar-table. On the left the heads of both King and Queen are preserved, but are removed on the rioht.' The King wears the crown of Lower Egypt on the left, that of Upper Egypt on the right ; the Queen wears the plumes. Of the text I copied two large detached fragments. There are groups of the King and Queen and of the two princesses on either side the stela. The Queen's tablet contains the name of Aten and her own, the King's that of Aten and his own.' One head of Merytaten remains. The writing is from right to left.
Stela Q. — This stela occupies a commanding position at the top of a spm- facing northwards down the western track (Plates xli., xlii.). It is 8 feet high and 52 inches broad, containinc; twenty-seven horizontal lines of inscription written from right to left, liut below line 12 nearly all is lost.
The scene above shows the King and Queen praying and the two princesses shaking sistrums on either side of a central altar. None of the cartouches are injured. There were the usual groups of statues on both sides, the higher tablet being on the right. They are completely smashed, the injuries apparently being contem- porary ; and on searching the slope and foot of the hill I found the remains strewn about, but badly weatherworn. They included (1) the head of the Queen (or a princess) in an enveloping wig, almost defaced ; (2) the face of the Queen (?) ; (3) head of the King wearing the crown of the North ; (4) torso and head of a princess, the
MSS. 31054, p. 163). Natural caverns at the foot of some of the stelae (especially curious in S), help this fancy, which is responsible for many injuries to monuments in Egypt.
' I discovered and brought away tlu; profile of the Queen.
- The south tablet is 43 inches high; that on the north, 35 inches.
former well formed and little injured ; (5) many fragments of the tablets."
Stela R (Plate xlii.) is on the east slope of the eastern kJior, about three-quarters of an hour's walk from the southern tombs. It is 88 inches high and 58 inches broad. The text, which was contained in twenty- nine (?) lines written from right to left, is terribly mutilated, partly by natural decay and loss of patching-stones, and partly through wanton injury. The scene above shows the royal family worshipping in the usual way on both sides of an altar, near which are stands with lotus-Howers.
There are fragments still on the left (N.) of the stela, showing that tliere was a group of the King and Queen and another of the princesses on this side.
Stela S (Plates xxvi., xxxix., xl., xliv.)^ lies a few hundred yards behind R at the foot of the mountain-side. It is 60 inches broad and 100 inches high, and contains four (;olunins and twenty-six lines of inscription written from right to left. The sculptors chanced on a vein of limestone as hard as alal)aster, so that the greater part of the monument is marvellously preserved, though spiteful attacks have been made upon it lately. The work in the scene above the inscription is beautifully fine, though the profiles are hideous and the forms of the body out- rageous.
The usual groups of statuary are found on both sides of the stela and show admiral)le modelling. The royal group on the right (S) of the stela holds tlie tablets at shoulder-heisfht : the others are held with ))ent arm. Except for a narrow girdle round the loins of the King, both figures are nude. The south figure of the King wears the khepersh (?), that on the North has the crown of the North. The south tablet
^ See Plate xliv. No. 3 i.s in the Museum of Melbourne, Australia ; Nos. 2 and i are in the Caii-o Museum.
' Pkisbe, Man. Eij., PI. xiii. Copy by De Brynestyn who appears to have diawn the scene from memory.
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
shows the cartouches of King, Queen and Atcn ; that on the north shows those of the King and the Aten only.'
Stela U (Plates xxv., xxxiv., xxxvii.). — This gigantic monument, measuring 25 feet from top to bottom, occupies almost the entire height of the cliflT in a little bay of the •eastern mountain-range, just to the north of the mouth of the great ravine in which the Royal tomb lies. It is aijsolutely impossible of close approach except by rope-ladder from above, and the text is therefore ditticult to secure. There arc three columns and twenty-four lines of text written from left to right. The scene shows the King and Queen praying with extended arms,'- and two daughters shaking sistrums.
On each side of the stela a deep recess has been cut in the rock to hold the groups of statuary. On the right (S) was a group of the King and Queen with tablets held breast-high and inscribed with fuller eulogies of the King(?) and (^ueen than usual. The princesses are almost destroyed. On the left the remains show separate statues, more than life-size, of the King and Queen, each holding a narrow tablet shoulder- high against the body. The statues of the daughters are more than infantine in compara- tive size. A broad road leads to it from the city.
Stela V lies high up on the hills, a little to tlic .soutli of the defile which pierces them in tlio midst of tlie northern tombs, the position being apparently chosen as directly opposite B. Owing to the nature of the rock, nothing now remains but half-a-dozen signs, apparently fmm Hue 19 (S). TIhtc arc traces of a roa<l leading to it from the citx
aint
' I made an attempt to liiul the hentls, but frtilod. A fragment .sliowiug a cartouclio of Aten wiis sent to l\w. National Museum, Melbourne, Australia, by M. Maspero'a kind pennissi(ii\.
'■' Pkissk, Moil. 7v;/., I'l. xii. Sketch in L'Hoti:, Papicrs, iii., 302. The figures in Prisse should conform in attitude and dress to those in Plate xxvi.
Stela X, the most northern on the east side, lies at the point where the track through the defile just mentioned strikes the river again. It is set high up on the shoulder of the mountain, above the ruined tomb of the Lady Zebayda, facing the river (225°). It contains the proclamation of the fourth year, but is in a state of ruin even more lamentable than that of K, its fellow on the south. The stela is 81 inches broad, and there is more than 12 feet of height al)ove the lowest extant line (No. 57). It affords room for tlie full text of eighty lines.
Tlie scene above is only to be made out with difhcultv. On the left the King stands in adoration, and with him the Queen and Mery- taten(?). In the centre are twenty-one columns of text, and beyond this there .seems to have been an altar lieaped with ofterings. Tlie writing is from right to left.
D. Previous Work on the Site.'
Stela A, near Tuneh El Gebel on the West side, was the first to be discovered. It was known already to Wilkinson,* and probably Hay, who drew it in 1827, learnt of its existence fnnii him. Nestor L'Hote vi.sited it in 1830 ami made rough drawings of it.'' Prissk did more, publishing the entire momuiient. l-K.r.sirs pub- lished only the date and ntimes. Daressy, in 1893, included this text in a collation.'
Stela l^ lieing near to the Northern tombs, was discovered by H.\RRis and Glipdon in 1 840,' sketched by L'Hote, and copied liy Prisse. It is included also in M. Darc-^sy's collation.
Stela S was found and copied by Pe Brynks- TVN. Pris.se's cimipauioii. ami pul)lislic<l by the
•' Fuller refereni-es are given elsewhere.
' Tnpngraphy of Tlirbit, p. 38.3.
■ Lcllrm tnilin, pp. 129-134.
« Hiiued lie Trataujr, xv., pp. 51-58, also p. f.l.
' PuissK, Mon. El]., p. 3.
28
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
latter.' M. Daressy pul)lished a fine photograph and [>riiite(l the text (v. supra).
Stela K was jjublished liy Lepsius, as also the upper part of Stela N."
Stela Q was first fouud, 1 Ijelievc, by Mr. Ncwlierr}^
Stelae B, F, J, P, M, R, V were the reward of Prof. Petrie's indefatigable scrutiny of the whole district in 1892.' R is included also in M. Daressy's collation.
Stela X, the farthest to the north yet dis- covered on the east bank, was shown to me by an Arab in 1901.* Breasted has made use of it for his recent work.^
Steindorff, Borchardt and Grunau visited the eastern stelae in 1898, copied the text of eight of them, securing excellent photographs, and made excavations at N.''
E. The Earlier Proclamation.'^
Year 4 * fourth month of the second season, [day] 4 (?).^ Liveth the Good God, etc.
' Prisse, BTon. Eg., p. 3 and PI. xiii.
- L., D. Text, p. 129. There are squeezes of K in Berlin.
^ Petrie, Tell el Amarna, pp. 5, 0, PLs. x.xxiv., xxxv.
'' DAVIE.S, Sheilih Said, pp. .5, 6.
^ Records, ii., p. 393.
^ For references, see p. 2-5.
' Plates xxix.-xxxii., xxxviii. (photograph). The sources used are the Stelae K, X, and M. Of M only a few phrases are now legible. For K and X I have u.sed my squeezes and photographs and plates revised on the spot. For K, see also L., D., iii., llOfc. A fragmentary translation is given in Bre.\sted, Records, pp. 392-394. The numbers of the lines, where not othei'wise marked, are those of K. The lines of X are marked off as far and as accurately as possible in the text of K.
By much the larger share of any responsibility or credit for the translation of these two proclamations must fall to Mr. Griffith, to whom the final form it has taken is also due.
" The reading is confirmed by the recurrence of " year 4 " below (I. 20).
^ " Day 13," which the broken signs easily permit us to read, would date the later proclamation to the anniversary of this.
[Liveth Father] ( Hor-Aton J |" etc, [Liveth HorusJ [■' (ITI Ca^
etc."
appearing on the throne of Re of the living (?)
like his father Aton every day, the good (?) god
I' might doing service to Him that formed (?)
him to the sky .... ]" when he places
himself .... the living Aton, lord [Son of
Re], living in Truth, [lord of] diadems, [" Akhenaton, great in his duration, living for ever ;
(and) the hereditary-princess (?), great in the palace, fair of face, beauteous with the double plume, mistress of happi- ness, [endowed with favours] at hearing whose voice one rejoices,'- ]"'' lady of grace, great of love, by whose nature
the lord of the two lands is well-pleased, great of
to the Aton, contenting in the horizon, for
whom every (word) that is spoken is done,'- |'' chief wife of the king, whom he loves, mistress of the Two lands,
the Beauties of Aton, Neferteit I living for
I Beauty of
].
ever ;
On this day (Royalty) was" in [Akhetaton ?]. His [Majesty ascended] a great chariot ]" of electrum, like Aton when he rises from his horizon and fills the land with his love, .... the Aton ; (and) started [a goodly course to] Akhetaton, his place of the beginning which he had made I'" for himself that he might rest within it daily (?) — for his son ' The unique one of Re ' had made for him his monu- ment in founding for him [Akhetaton] according (?) as [his father had given command] to make it — [Heaven was] in joy,'° earth in rejoicing, I"" every heart in gladness, when they saw him. (And his Majesty) offered a [great] oblation
to Father ( Hor-Aton j of bread, beer, horned
Indls,
'" Aton was probably the true pronunciation of the god's name, which thus differed by only one letter from Amon, Amun, the god whom he displaced.
" The rendering as far as line xiv. is much guided liy the later proclamation, where a full ti'anslation of the similar titularies is given. The ordinary titulary of Akhen-
aten is abbreviated elsewhere in these pages to ( N. ] ( A. |
and the cartouches of the god to ( Hor-Aton I
'- The above titles of the Queen are those which she bears in the later proclamation. Her name is often tran- scribed Nefertiti.
'^ Of. II., p. 14. Read ^^zz^ -^ III
iif
^^ 1 at the end of line vii
it the end of line vi. ; ■^ ^^ at the end
of line viii. ; S-^ at the end of line ix.
'* Lit. " One was." " On this day " refei-s of course to the opening date, what has intervened being merely jirotocol.
15 Read
S
III.
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
29
polled bulls, beasts, fowl, wine, fruits, incense, frankin- cense (?), all goodly herbs ' [on the day of demarcating] Akhetaton [for the living Aton — who ac]cepted [favoured and loved] 1"^' the Sovereign (L. P. H.), - Lord of the two
lands ( Beautiful of the furuis of i{c, L'niciuc one of Re I
After these things, the good pleasure (?) of the Aton was
done making for him joy .... |" Akhetaton
in gladness, ho rested on [his gre]at throne with which he is well pleased, which uplifts (?) [his] beauties
I"' (And) [his Majosty stood] before Father fllor-Aton J
[and Aton radiated upon him in life and length of days, invigorating his body every day]. [Said] j"" his Majesty : " Biing nie the companions of the king, the great ones and
mighty (?) ones, the captains of soldiers, [of
the laud] in its entirety." They were|»''" conducted to him immediately. They were on their bellies before his .Majesty, smelling [the ground to his mighty will].
His [Majesty said] unto them : " Behold •' [Akhetaton (?) which] I''" the Aton desires me to make unto him as a monument in the [great] name of [my Majesty] for ever : * it was the Aton my father that [brought me to] I"" Akhetaton. Not a noble directed (?) me to it,'' not [any man in] the whole land directed (?) me to it say[ing " It is fit- ting for his Majesty] that he |"' make an Horizon-of-Aton (Akhetaton) in this place." Nay, but it was the Aton my father that [directed (?) me] to it, to make it for him as an Horizon of- Aton (Akhetaton). Behold |' T did not
find(?)''
.... Aton for the Aton my father : behold Pharaoh L. P. H. found that it belonged not to a god, it belonged not to a goddess, it belonged not to prince, it belonged not to princess' |- . . . [There is no right for] any man to act as owner of it .... I found .... witness .... every- thing. For Father ( Hor-Aton | related to me .... of truth
• The term probably includes flowers.
- The salutation " Life, Prosperity, Health ! " often attached to mention of Royalty. The preceding phrase may be a stainling expression for the acceptance of a royal oftering by the god.
■' y, not (I, should be read in the Plate. ■* M jrives ^^ here.
legarding Akhetatonforcver p and ever." Every eye seeth(?) .... rays beauteous with (?) love, at .sight of which every land
liveth, he making!?) .... upon f N.J I* his child (?) ....
for ever and ever. For Akhetaton I Beauty
of the beauties of Atmi, Nefcrleit J to wife(?) .... for
ever and ever, said . . . . ( Hor-Aton j by command ....
1' monument of the AUm .... knowing the bounds of eternity. Lo ! it is he that putteth in thy heart regarding any place that he desires : he doth not uplift the name of any king '■' [except] thy Majesty, [he] doth not |» . . . .
another except beneficent (?) .... of To-
Mera (Egypt) .... like the horizon of heaven .... Aton .... great .... of making a monument to the living Aton
I". . . . Aton thou drawest (?) unto him every land (?), thou adornest for him village[8?] .... which he liath [made?] for his own self, all lands, all countries, the Ha-nebu with their products, their tribute on their backs for him that made their life, him by whose rays one liveth and breathes the air .... I" [may he grant me] eternity
in seeing his rays verily (?) Akhetaton is
thriving like Aton in heaven for ever and eternally.
Then his ^Majesty lifted his hand to heaven unto Hiin
that fcirmid hiiii. I Hor-Aton I, saying:
As Father f Hor-Aton ] liveth, |^ the great and living
.Vton, ordaining life, vigorous in life, my father,
my wall of a million cubits, my remembrancer of eternity, my witness of that which belongs to eternity.'" that formeth himself with his hands, whom no artificer hath known, who is established in rising )'" and setting each day without ceasing. Whether he is in heaven or on earth [every] eye sees him without .... while he fills [the land with] his beams and makes every face to live. With seeing whom may my eyes be satisfied daily, when he rises in this House of Aton ' ' in Akhetaton, and fills it with his own self by his beams |" beauteous with love, and lays them upon me ia life and length of days(?) for ever and ever.''''
■' Or " testified lo it,
M has
m
■•
.^n1^<Lij?'^'
(M.)
ci n 1 O ^vvw> A A A 0_»_V«=>i
• Read J, ^ from a rcNisod copy.
'■- Compare the pictures in which the King is scon covered and embraced by the ni\-s of the sun, some of them extending to him the sign of life and (more rai-ely, I the Mdii sign of IxMigth of Days (?).
<l III
I I
30
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
1 will make ' Akhetaton for the Aton my father in this place. I wdll not make for him Akhetaton south of it, north of it, west of it, or east of it. I will not pass beyonrl the southern tablet of Akhetaton southward, neither will I pass beyond the northern tablet of Akhetaton [northward, to] |''-^ make [for him] Akhetaton therein ; neither will I make for him on the western side of Akhet- aton. Nay, but I will make (?) Akhetaton for the Aton my Father upon the Orient side of Akhetaton, the place which he did enclose for his own self with cliff (?), and made a liryt in the midst of it, that I might offer to him thereon : this is it. Neither shall. the Queen say unto me |'^ " Behold there is a goodly place for Akhetaton in another place " and I hearken unto her : neither shall any noble .... .... of all men who are in the whole land [say unto me] " Behold there is a goodly place for Akhetaton in another place " and I hearken to them, whether it be downstream- ward, or southward |" or westward, or Orient^ward. I will not say " I will abandon Akhetaton, I will hasten away
and make Akhetaton in this other goodly place
for ever (?)." Nay, but [I did find (?)] this Akhetaton for the Aton, which he had himself desired, and with which he is delighted for ever and ever.
I will make a House of Aton for the Aton my father in Akhetaton in |'-'' this place ;
I will make Aton for the Aton my father
in Akhetaton in this place ;
I will make the Shade of Re of the [great] wife of the
King I Neferteit ] - for the Aton my father in Akhet- aton in this place ;
I will make a House of Rejoicing for the Aton my father in the island of " Aton distinguished in Jubilees " in Akhetaton in this place ^ ;
I will make a House p" of Rejoicing [for] the
Aton my father in the island of " Aton distinguished in Jubilees " in Akhetaton in this place ;
I will make all works which [are required] to be done for the Aton my father in Akhetaton in this place ;
I will make for the Aton my father in
Akhetaton in this place ;
I will make for myself 1^' the palace of Pharaoh 'L.P.H.) : I will make the palace of the Queen in Akhet- aton in this place.
There shall be made for me a sepulchre in the ( )ri[ent] mountain ; my burial shall be [made] therein in the multi- tude of jubilees which the Aton my father hath ordained for me, and the burial of the chief vdie of the King
1 Grammatically, it is equally possible to translate " I have made," and so in all cases.
= Taia and Merytaton are each given a " Shade of Re " in the texts. Nothing is known of a "Shade of Re" of Neferteit, but it is not likely that Taia would be entitled simply " icing's wife " in the reign of Akhenaton.
^ There is still a large cultivable island opposite Et Til, but the river-bed shifts a good deal there.
( Neferteit 1 ' shall be made therein in that [multitude of
years] ^ I'** [and the burial of] the King's
daughter Merit-aton shall be made in it in that multitude of years." If I die in any town of the north, south, west. Orient in the multitude of years, I will be brought and my
burial made in Akhetaton. If the great Queen ( Neferteit I
who lives, die in any town of north, south, west, or Orient, in the [multitude of years, she shall be brought j^^ and buried in Akhetaton. If the King's daughter Meritaton die] in any city of north, south, west, or Orient, in the multitude of years, .she shall be brought and buried in Akhetaton. And the sepulchre ' of Mreu (Mnevis) shall be made in the Orient mountain of Akhetaton, [and he shall be buried] therein.
[The] tombs of the "Great of Seeing""* and the divine fathers of the Aton ^ and the [prie]sts (?) [of the A]ton shall be made in the Or[ient] mountain [of Akhetaton and they shall be buried in them, l'-"
The tomb of the officers, etc., shall be made in the Orient mountain of Akhet]aton and they shall be [buried] therein.
For, as Father (Hor-Aton J| liveth,
priests (?) more evil are they than those things which I heard unto year 4, [more evil are th]ey than [those
* This shortened form of the Queen's name is used in every case on these three stelae where it can be tested, (though in broken cartouches the longer title seems indicated) and seems a sign of the early date.
^ In each case the day of burial is postponed almost infinitel}'.
** Evidently only the eldest daughter was yet born. Dr. Elliott Smith's examination of the skeleton found with the furniture of Queen Taia points to the startling con- clusion that the King could scarcely have been fifteen years old when he pronounced this oath.
' Or perhaps " necropolis." Read
■ f^-^^^
* The title of the chief priest of Re at Heliopolis. This and, still more, the adoption of the sacred bull Mnevis show a close connection of Aton worship with the cult of the sun-god at Hehopolis, at any rate in the early years ; it is very unexpected to find animal-worship thus retained in some degree by the " hei-etic." Perhaps this was a conces- sion to Egyptian prejudice and intended to concihate the second or third greatest of the religious bodies in the struggle with Amon-worship. On the otlier hand, it is possible that Heliopolis was one of the main sources of the "heresy."
^ I have neglected to enter in the plate the clearer reading of K, which I obtained on revision :
.a AAAA^ 1 1 1 H AAj«/sA aft Q $J$$J,^ ri
o
THE BOUNDABY STELAE.
31
things] which I have heard iii ' the year (?) more
evil are they than those things which King
[heard], more evil are they than those things which j-'
I Men-kheperu-re 1(1) heard in the mouth (?)
of negroes, in the mouth (?) of [any ?] people . . . .- IK is 1= X 26/ .... of Kush as far as ... .
IX 27
t shall not be said
l" "■>.... [of gaz]elles (!), of addax[es] ....
I"'' 31 ... . the headland of the . . . [tablet] ....
P' ^^ . . . . as my father ( Hoi-Aton 1 liveth ....
iK 31 (- M 31) _ _ . likewise all feast.s, every .season .... the chief wife of the King, Neferteit . . . .•'
i'' ^'- . . . . Aton in the district Akhet-
aton, and I will not make
[''sa . . . in the central (?) foreshore[s],' in the cen- tral (?) islands which I offer (?) to the Aton
[my father]. I indeed will make ....
1'^ " . . . . [the Aton my] father in the House of Aton in Akhetaton ; he shall not offer (?). If I be (?) ^ if I be in any city,'' in any town ....
j"^ ^■' . . . . likewise the festival (?) [of] Aton, the offering ....
)-'' 3^ . . . . every place [unto?] which it is my desire to go ... .
1^ ^' . . . which he found for him.sclf ....
|"3i . . . . [ships supplied] with everything in Akhet- aton to let him voyage, whi-tlier he voyage iiorthwurd or southward
|K40(=X40i .... THor-Aton J The celebration (?) of
a Jubilee the south (?) tablet of Akhetaton.
I will celebrate (?) the Jubilee ....
1^ ^2 . _ . the headland of the northern tablet . . . .
1^ ^' unto the west (?), to the Orient, to to
the water in the river ....
-^ ''^ . . . . trees (?), all things that are in thiMvhole land ;
they are for father I Ilor-Aton I ....
I'' " the granary (?) of Aton under (?) the hand of the Superior of the house of Akhetaton .... his (?) palette being in ... .
I"'"' upon their bellies unto Phariwjli, L. 1'. II.,
their (?) lord, and the Queen (?) [their misti-ess].
I"^'" . . . . with life and length of days (?), Tn.^ The whole land was in [.)oy| and holiday ....
I'"" in Akhetaton for ever and ever. (End).
II.
•■^
pp (revised reading). ^ tlJ (revised readiiiguf K).
irti*(i!ll]fl^<"-)-
4 ■90 (M:m III
-m
$ @
fl^i, »...,.
A place of royal residence is probably meant.
F. The Later Proclamation.'
Year 6, fourth month of the second season, thirteenth day.'
Liveth the Gofxi God, well pleased with Truth, |'' Lord of heaven, Lord of earth. Living Aton. Great, Illuminating the two regions.
Liveth Father ^ |"' ( Ra-hor, Horizon-god,"' rejoicing in
' The materials « hich 1 have used for the Plates xxvii., xxviii., xxxiii., are : —
Stel.\ A. — Pkisse, Mon. ig. xiv. Daressy, collation ill llecucil XV., pp. 50-o8, with appendix of A in full (all type-printed). My hand-copy and squeezes. These only covered the portions of the stela which could Ije stylenl legible. The rest is not absolutely erased, but for the most part has very little evidential value. For two or three phrases I found myself dependent on Daressy. A partial copy in L'Hote, MS. III., 303, 304.
Stel.\ B. — Only my hasty hand-copy of the more legible parts (last four vertical lines, end of lines 1-5, lines 8 to near the end). A date in Petrie's notes.
Stel.\ F. — Only Petrie's hand-copy. I did not obtain this in time to add it to the Plates, but have noted it^ readings where they have any importance.
Stela J. — My hand-copy of the more legible parts. Hand- copy by Petrie. Photographs by myself and SteindorH'.
Stela N. — My hand-copy. Photographs by Steindorff.
Stela P. — My hand-copy of a few shattered fragments.
Stela Q.- -My hand-copy (revised) and photographs. i Also hand-copies kindly furnished me by Mr. Newberry and M. Maspcro (cojiy by Shabaan Effendi).
Stela H. — Daressy {loc. cit.). My own copy and photograjihs.
Stela S.— Prisse, Mon. tig., PI. xii. ; Daressy, foe. cit. (photograph). Cast from stiueezes by Petrie. Mv own copy (revised), complete squeezes and photographs.
Stela U. — Prisse, Mon. £g., PI. xiii. Petrik, Hand- copy. My own hand-copy (revised) and revision of this by Steindorff. Photographs by Steindorff and mj-self.
My most serious indebtedness therefore is to Professor Petrie for his copy of F and to Professor St«iiidorff for his generous contribution of negatives for use and publica tion, his revision of Plate .\xv., and general support of the entcr)irise. Plates xxxiii. (vertical lines), xxvi., xxix.- xxxii. are published from tracings of stiueezes.
In the collation no notice hius been taken of tlie different ways of writing t, m, w, pa, or the plural.
" " Fourteenth day " in Q. In U the date is written in reverse direction (Plate xxxiv., where U sliould Ik) read for N), an Egyptian device for calling attention to a passage.
° See Vol. ii., p. 15. But prolmbly the true explanation is that " Father mine " was the original nu-aning of this group, but became a .st^jiiiiling epithet, u.se«l where "mine" is inappropriate. The sullix of the tii-st pei-son .'singular is written with the royal sign, liccause it refers to the King.
10 41 ]jo|.^ Horizon-god," or later " (P)Hn-Hor (i.e. the Sun-
THE liOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAKNA.
the Horizc)
DC
in his name of The Lii,'ht which is in At
'S\
who giveth ' life for ever and eternity, |" Living Atcjn, Great, In sefZ-festival,2 within the temple of Aton in Akhetaton.^
|i Liveth the' Horns " Strong Bull, Beloved of Aton " ; The Two mistresses, ^ " Great in Sovereignty in Akhetaton " ; the Golden Horus " Upholding the name of Aton " ; the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, " Living in Truth, Lord of the Two
lands ( Beauty of the Forms of Re, Unique one of Re J " ; the
Son of Re, " Living in Truth, Lord of diadems I Akhenaton ],^
Great in his duration, |- Who giveth life for ever and ever." The Good God,'' Unique one of Re, Wliose beauties Aton created. Truly pious of heart to his Maker," Contenting Him with the pleasures of His Jca," Doing services to Him that formed him, f Presenting the earth to Him ' that put him on His throne, Provisioning His House of Eternity '" with millions and myriads of things, Up- holding Aton, Magnifj'ing His name, Causing the earth to
belong to his Maker — the King ( N. ] |< (A. ).
(and) The hereditary (?)-princess, Great in the palace, Fair of face. Beauteous with the double plume. Mistress of happiness. Endowed with favours, at hearing whose voice one " rejoices. Chief wife of the King, beloved by him.
Mistress of the two lands,i= I Beauty of the beauties of Aton
Neferteit I, Living for ever and eternity.'^
f' On this day (Royalty) was in Akhetaton in the parti- coloured pavilion " made for his Majesty L.P.H. in
Horus), Horizon-god,'' is the name of the sun-god of Heliopolis.
' Or " to whom is granted."
- Apparently meaning " celebrating (his own) Jubilee," which the sun-god might be supposed to do unceasingly.
^ Meaning " Horizon of Aton."
* The king is identified with the vulture, goddess of the South, and the cobra, goddess of the North.
^ Meaning " Pious (?) to Aton. '
6 " Liveth the good God." Q, U.
' A substitutes "Doing ser-vices to Him that formed him," omitting this phrase where it occurs below.
" " That which his l-a loveth." R.
^ Or perhaps "administering the earth for Him."
1" " House of Eternity " is a phrase for the endowment estate of tomb or temple.
^' The indefinite pronoun probably, as elsewhere, refers to the King.
'■- " Regent of the South and North Lands." U.
'^ B. substitutes " Who is hale, blooming, and strong for
ever and ever." ' |) | fl O § . Cf. VL, x.xvii.
n
Akhetaton, the name of whicli is " The Aton is well- pleased." His Majesty (L.P.H.) ascended a span of horses and a great chariot p of electrum,i^ like Aton when he rises from the horizon and fills the two lands with his love ; (and) started a goodly course >* to Akhetaton, (as 1) on the first occasion '" that his Majesty L.P.H. found it,"* to demarcate (?) " it as a monument to the Aton — even as |'
his father ( Hor- Aton |, who giveth life for ever and eternity,
had given command to make a monument to him within it — causing to be offered '-" a great oblation of bread, beer, horned bulls, jiolled bulls, beasts, fowl, wine, fruits, incense, all goodly herbs, on the day P of demarcating Akhetaton for the living Aton, who accepted, favoured, and loved the
Sovereign (L.P.H.) for (?) the King Tn.J Ta.T
And liis Majesty (L.P.H.) went P southward and halted on his chariot before his Father ( Hor- Aton I at the south- east mountain of Akhetaton,^^ and Aton radiated!'" upon liim in life and length-of-days (?),-'- invigorating his body every day.
An oath pronounced by the king I N. ) ( A. I : —
" Probably variegated matwork or the like is meant ; or possibly " tent of spreading."
"As Father |'M Hor- A ton j liveth, as my heart is happy in the Queen and her children — as to whom, may it be
isfi
granted that the chief wife of the King ( Neferteit |, livina
for ever and ever, grow aged |''- with that multitude of years,-^ she being in the hand of Pharaoh (L.P.H.), and may it be granted that the king's daughter Meritaton and the king's daughter Meketaton, her children, grow old, they being in the hand of the chief wife of the king, |" their mother, eternally for ever !
'^ Meaning, of course, " rode on a two-horse chariot."
"> Or " took the goodly road " ; the idea must be that the royal tent was pitched iu the plain of Akhetaton and the King now goes to the city itself in which the temple of Aton was.
" A difficult passage, unless the word "as" may be supplied.
''* Lit. "on the first occasion of finding it, which H. M. cUd."
'^ This seems to be the original meaning of the worci, but " dedication " may be more exact here.
'-" It is not clear whether the sacrifice was on the previous occasion, or the present.
'-' It is not certain whether this means the southernmost hill-side on the east bank of the river where J is, or the hills wliich lie south-east of the city, near the tablets P, Q, R, S.
-- Or " the rays of Aton «ere upon him in life and joy (?)." The sculptor of B has made mistakes here and left the signs in confusion.
■-■' /.(•. the years granted by Aton. The prayer seems to be that King, Queen and cltildren may all hve long together (in each other's hands).
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
33
" My oath of truth, which it Ls my dusiro to prouounce,' and of which I will not say, " it is false " eternally for ever : —
" The southern tablet, which is on the eastern mountain of Akhetaton. )'* It is the tablet of Akhetaton, (namely) this (one) by which - I have made ^ halt : I will not pass beyond it* southwards, eternally |'^ for ever. Make the south-west tablet opposite it on the western mountain of Akhetaton, exactly.
" The middle tablet, which is on the eastern mountain of Akhetaton. It is the tablet of Akhetaton by which I have made j"* halt on the orient^ mountain of Akhetaton: I will not pass beyond it orient-wards, eternally for ever. Make the middle tablet which is (to be?) on the western mountain of Akhetaton opposite it exactly."
" The north-eastern taljlct |" of Akhetaton, by which I have made halt. It is the northern tablet of Akhetaton : T will not pass beyond it down-stream-wards, eternally for over. Make the north ' tablet which is (to bo T) on the western mountain of Akhetaton opposite it, exactly.
|18 II And Akhetaton (extends) from the south tablet as far as the north tablet, measured between tablet and tablet on the east mountain of Akhetaton, amounting to 6 afer, h and j of a Me and 4 cubits * ; likewise from the
' Petrie's earlier copy of J shows the same text as U
without oiiiissiou.
Read
in U ; the other texts afford no
[^1 evidence.
^ " I will make" would be a possible translation.
■* From the earlier decree it is evident that Akhenaton does not bind himself to remain personally within the limit, but only not to increase the territory of Akhetaton.
' A word from the root meaning " suiu'iso," useil for " east " only in these texts of Akhenaton.
^ Of the texts on the west bank, F is destroyed, and A is very fragmentary ; but B, which nmst have been the tablet here referred to, gives the following special varia- tion, " Make (?) the middle tablet which is on the western mountain (?) of Akhetaton opposite it upon the western Hiountiiin of Aklictaton : 1 will not pass beyond it west- wards eternally for over."
' So S. B seems to read " west," th(^ otliers " [mirth ]- west."
'^ The ater is the equivalent of the Greek uchiiiiiiin, tiie length of whicli is still uncertain ; the khr is the scliucnium of a hundred cubits. According to Professoi' Petrie's map (Tell el Ainarnu, PI. xxxiv, ; see also tliis volume, PI. xxxiv.), the distance between the earlier stelue X and K "ives almost 4000 cubit.s to the ater, and the distance! X-.J would give this to witliin a few cubits. It is to bo hoped tliat a precise measui'cment will bo taken. On the west bank the distance A to F seems to correspond precisely to X to P, A being opposite X, B opposite V, F ojiposito P. Tims measured, the length is considerably greater, giving
south-west tablet of Akhetaton to the north-west tablet on the west mountain of Akhetaton, amounting to 6 a/er, |" J and :} of a khe and 4 culjits, likewise exactly.
" And the j'-" area within these four tablets, from the east mountain to the west mountain is Akhetaton in its
proper self ' : it belongs to Father ( Hor-Aton J — mountains,
|-' deserts, meadows, islands, upper-ground, lower-ground, land, water, villages, embankments, men, beasts, groves, and all things |-- which the Atou my father shall (?) bring into existence eternally for ever.'"
" I will not neglect this oath which 1 have made to the Aton my father eternally for ever ; nay, but |-^ it shall be set on a tablet of stone as the south-east boundary," Ukewise as the north-east boundary of Akhetaton, and shall be set likewise on a tablet of stone as the south-west boundary, likewise as the north-west '- boundary )'-' of Akhetaton. It shall not be erased, it shall not be washed out, it shall not be kicked, it shall not be struck with stones, its spoiling (?) shall not be brought about. If it be missing,'^ if it be .spoilt, if |-^ the stela on which it is .shall fall, I will renew it again afresh in the place in which it was."
This oath was repeated in year 8, tirst month of the second season,' eighth day.'* (-" Royalty was in Akhet-
about 4.500 cubits to the aler. The wording " the south tablet as far as the north tablet ... on the east moun- tain," as opposed to the " south-west tablet " and " north- west tablet," imply that the measurement on the east bank is taken on the river (X to J), not in the desert (X to P).
° 8j^(N and U) "in regard to its body"; perhaps
" bodil}'," "exactly." B seems to read "from the west mountain to the east mountain of(?) Akhetaton." The AAAAAA before the name of Akhetulou is pi-obably a mistake.
'" In S was omitted by the sculptor, and had to Ihj
written over (Plate xxxix.).
" B reads " of Akhetaton ; likewi.se on the middle tablet which is on(?) the [east] bounilary [of] AkhetaUm ; likewise ou(?) the north-east boundury of Akhetaton; likewise [on?] the south-west boundary of Akhetatoit ; likewise on the middle tablet on the west mountain of Akhetaton; likewise on (?) the [north]-west b<iundary of Akhetaton."
'■- B appears to give only " west," U " north[we-st], " the others have lost the passage. S seems to give only i-oom for " likewise [the north-west] of Akhetaton."
iBhh, ichwh compare gOYge " abortus." | § ^ iKvurs
witii the si'nse canrc also in the hymn
" The texts genoniliy iigieo in this dale, nui !•' (PuTUli:)
K
34
THE UOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAUNA.
iildii, and Pharaoh L.P.H. stood, mounted ' on a great chariot of electrum, inspecting the tablets- of the Aton 1 which are on the mountain^ as the south-east lionndary of j Akhetaton.^
Un A, B, there is added :
Year 8, fourth month of the first season, last ilay.-'^ An oath pronounced by King ( N. jj f A. 1 at the fixing of the tablets of [the] boundary of Akhetaton : — " As Father (Hor-Aton J liveth :
25) ^ and B gives the curious date of the
<=^ 0 1 1 1 1 ' sixth year, first (?) month of second season, day 4."
' The sculptor of S omitted
S
:ind had to insert it
- There were by this time many tablets for the south- east boundary. S reads probably for I as on the other
tablets.
^ S has a larger space, perhaps originally left vacant. F reads " on the east mountain as the south (!) boundary."
■> B fills up the line with " for the Father, the living
Aton," and F with fl '"""^ ll | ^
I /^^«A^ ■^ ~ " established to eternity and for ever, for the living Aton."
whicli is quite clear, I have Petrie's sujiport.
O
For the rest of the date,
" The six '' tablets which I have fixed for bounilaries of Akhetaton (are) the three tablets upon the orient moun- tain of Akhetaton together with the three tablets opposite them ; [the south stela which is upon] the orient mountain of Akhetaton measured to the south stela which is opposite to it upon the western mountain of Akhetaton, becoming the south boundary of Akhetaton ; and the north tablet which is on the orient mountain of Akhetaton, measured to the north (?) tablet, which is opposite [to it upon] the western mountain of Akhetaton, becoming the northern boundary of Akhetaton ; likewise the middle tablet which is upon the eastern mountain of Akhetaton measured to the middle tablet which is opposite it upon the western mountain of Akhetaton.
"And the breadth of Akhetaton is from mountain to mountain, from the eastern horizon of hea\'en to the western horizon of heaven.
in j, its mountains (?),
its deserts, .... its fowl, all its people, all its cattle, all things which the Aton produces, on which his rays shine,
all things [which ?] are in the of Akhetaton,
[they ?] being for the Father, the living Aton, unto the temple of Aton in Akhetaton for ever eternally ; they are all ottered to his ka, and his rays are beauteous when they receive them." *
It shall be ' for Fathei- Hor-Ato:
fno
'' A seems to read is required.
' Read
■ five," B " six " ; the latter is what
(■')
** The rays of Aton reach out to the otterings.
tlie scenes end in hands wliich
Nr
■^
3S
INDEX.
|
PAGES 1 |
PAGES |
||||||
|
Administration of Egypt "Agent" Ahmes ...... |
5 . 17 5 |
"Chancellor" . . . . Chairs ... Chariot . . . . . |
10,21, |
4, 13, 16 8, 10 28, 32, 34 |
|||
|
Akhknaten, age of ... . |
. 30 |
Charioteer . . . . . |
. |
9, 10 |
|||
|
„ depicted (see " Royal I'Viiiily „ titulary of . |
iO, |
'^•2 -^-^) |
27, 28, 32 |
Chronology .... Colonnades . . . . . |
. 4, 5 |
, 9, 20, 28 3, 6, 14 |
|
|
Akhetaten', foundation of |
20, |
28, 29, 32 |
Colour . . . . . |
. 4,7 |
, 8, 10, 32 |
||
|
„ island of . |
21,30 |
Columns .... |
1, |
3, 4, C |
12, 13 14 |
||
|
,, la\idation of . . . „ measurements of |
. 16 33, 34 |
" Companion " . Cornices .... |
2, 6, 7 |
4, 16, 29 , 8, 13, 14 |
|||
|
Alliteration .... |
16,33 |
Costume .... |
. 10, |
23, 24, 26 |
|||
|
Altars . . . . 2, 7, 8, |
10, |
22, |
23, 26, 27 |
||||
|
Ameniiete)' II. .... Animal-worship .... |
9 . 30 |
Daressy, M. . . 1, 6, '. Dated events . . 4, 20, 21 |
>, 11, ,22, |
15, 24, 28, 30, |
27, 2t<, 31 31, 33, 34 |
||
|
Ankhesen-pa-aten |
. 24 |
De Brynestyn |
26,27 |
||||
|
Any . . . . . 6, ' |
■, ^ |
, 'K |
10, 11, 17 |
" Divine fathers of Aten " |
21. 30 |
||
|
,, wife of ... . |
. 8,9 |
Dy hetep seteii prayers . |
. 11, |
16, 17 In |
|||
|
Any-m E\ ..... Apy ...... |
. 10 . 13 |
Erasures .... |
. 1,1 |
!, 5, 10, |
22, 25, 33 |
||
|
Artists, work of Egyptian |
3, 23, 26 |
" ErjM-prince " . |
• |
4, 13. 16 |
|||
|
Aten, addressed as " Father " |
. 31 |
Et Til, island of . |
. 30 |
||||
|
,, adoration of |
Exaggerated forms |
23, 26 |
|||||
|
1,2,4,7, 12,14,1.5,21, |
22, |
23 |
24, 25, 26 |
Excavations . . • 1> G. |
8,9, |
12, 13, |
14, 1.5, 25 |
|
„ cartouches of . .7, 9, 24, |
26, |
27 |
28, 31, 32 |
||||
|
„ hymn to . |
7 |
Fire in tombs |
1 |
||||
|
„ temples of . . 7, 9, 20, 21, |
29, |
;!0 |
31, 32, 34 |
Flowers (see also " Bouquets ") |
. 10, |
11, 26, 29 |
|
|
AtiT, value of ... . |
. 33 |
||||||
|
AV |
2, 11, 21 |
Garden depicted . Gildeh, Stela (^f . |
3 . 21 |
||||
|
Banquet of the dead |
8, 9, 10, 11 |
Graffiti .... |
4,7 |
||||
|
Barsanti, M. |
1,6,9 |
Griffith, Mr. |
. 28 |
||||
|
" Bearer of the fan " . |
1, -> |
, 11, 17, 18 |
|||||
|
Biography ..... I'.iiui|uets . . . . . |
:i. |
•1, 5, 7 7, it, 10. 11 |
" //n-prince" lla-nebu, the |
4, 13, 16 . 29 |
|||
|
Bouriant, M. . . . . |
1, l,s |
llawata. Stelae of |
. 24 |
||||
|
Breasted, Professor |
1,4,5,28 |
lleliopolis (see also " On ") |
."t. |
•Jl, ,10. 3-.' |
|||
|
Burial-chamber .... |
2, 8, 13 |
JlenjI .... |
. 30 |
||||
|
,, shaft .... |
8, 12 |
lligh-priest |
21, .30 |
||||
|
BuriaLs, secondary |
1, 8. 11 |
Horns, horizou-god " House of Rejoicing" . |
31, 3l' . 30 |
||||
|
Cabins ..... Ceilings, decoration of . |
. 3,4 . 1. 2. 4, 8 |
Ink designs . . 3, 1 |
7. s |
10. 12 |
l.t. 11. ir. |
.•i6
INDEX.
Inset stones
Island " Atim distinguished in Jubilees'
Jubilei^ (see " Si'd-festiy;
K.irnak
Kiosks
KusH
Lacau, M. . Lamps, niches for Later remains
May .
„ tomb of Meketaten Mensuration Meryea Merytaten Mnevis-bull Mummies Museum, Cairo
„ Melljourne
MUTBENRET . .
")•
PAGES
G, 23, 24, 2ri, 26 I Para . 30 Parapet
Petrie, Professor . I Pilasters Portals . 3, 9 ,, with double cornice
3 Port-holes . 21, 31 Porticoes . Portraiture . 9, 11 Pottery
8 Prayers . . . 2,4,7,8,9.10,12.14,16,17
. 1,8, 12, 14, 24 Princesses (see " Royal Family").
3 Ptahmav , 9, 10, 11
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 10, 17 , Queen (see also " Nepertiti " ; "Royal Family ")
|
PAGES |
|||
|
2 |
|||
|
8 |
|||
|
4, 15, 19, |
20, |
24, 28, 31, |
33, 34 |
|
2,6, |
13, 14 |
||
|
■ 1, 7, 8, |
10, 13 |
||
|
0 |
13, 14 4 6, 14 |
||
|
8, 9, |
10, 11 |
||
|
. 12, |
13, 14 |
1 •> 3 4
21, 23, 24, 25, 32
. 33
. 8,17,21
23, 2.5, 20, 27, 30, 32
21, 30
3, 7, 9, 14, 26
26, 27
. 1, 2, 14
Nebwawi ......
Neferteit (see " Nefertiti ").
Nefertiti (see also " Queen," " Royal Fnmily '
Nekht-pa-atex ....
Netting . .'■" .
Nubia .....
Oars ......
Officials .....
„ promotion of . On (see also " Heliopolis ") Ostraca of El Amarna . " Overseer of Cattle " . " Overseer of Porters ' . " Overseer of Soldiery " " Overseer of the house of Aa-kheperu-r.a " Overseer of the house of Sohetep-Alcii ' " Overseer of the house of Ua-en-ra " " Overseer of the Treasury " . " Overseer of works " . Ox, sacrificial ....
. 10
2, 28, 30
. 5,12,13
3
. 21
3
4, 5, 9, 12, 29
. 4,5
. 4, 5
5, 20
. 4, 5
„ laudation of
4, 16, 17. 18, 26, 30, 31, 32 . 4, 28, 32
,, sister of (see also " Mutbrxret „ shortened name of
Ra, " shade " of
„ temple of Rames Re-xeheh . Bekhiit, the . Rewards, roynl Ribbons Roads to tombs Royal barges " Royal Chancellor " Royal family 1,2,3,4,-5,7,14,1
„ head-dre.ss .
„ oath . . . 21,2
" Royal Scribe " . ... 1
Royal statues
„ tomb
Pa-aten-em-heis . Pakha
Palace of Akhenaten
Sailors depicted . " Scribe of Recruits " 15 "Scribe of the Iving" (see " Royal 4, 15, 16, 17, IS " Scribe of the Altar "
. 7, 9 " Scribe of the Offering Taljlc' 4, 5, 16, 17 Scribes depicted . . 4, 5, 18 &(i!-festival
14, 17 " Servant " (sedem o.s7)) . 4, .5, 9, 15, 18 '■ Shade of Ra" . 10 Shipping depicted Shrines . 5, 11, 15 Sistrums
9 I Smith, Dr. Flliot . 3, 4, 5, 6, 20, 21, 30 " Sole Companion"
1, 14 20, 2.5, 30
. 30 . 4,5 .5, 13
. 16
3, 10 4
0, 10,21,27 . 3, 5
4, 10 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32
. 3, 23, 26
, 24, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34
2, 7, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18
23, 24, 25, 2(1, 27
20, 21, 22, 27, 30
Scribe
3
. 4, 5
)•
I
7
. 10
4, 15, 30, 31, 32
. 10, 11, 17
. 30
3
, 8, 9, 10, 1.3, 14
22, 23, 25, 20, 27
. 30
4, 16
INDEX.
37
|
PACES |
PAGES |
||||
|
Stairs 2, 3, 8, 12 |
13 |
13, 24 |
Thothmes IV. |
9,31 |
|
|
Statues . . .2, 3, 7, 8, 13, 23, 24, |
2.5, |
26, 27 |
Tombs, Northern fO'oup of |
6, 7, |
21, 27 |
|
" Steward " (see " Overseer of the liouse ") |
„ corridor . |
8, 14 |
|||
|
" Steward of the Lord of the two L;inds " |
. 15 |
To-meua .... |
. 29 |
||
|
Steindorff, Professor .... 24, |
25, |
28, 31 |
Tuneh-el-Gebel, Stela of |
. 23, |
25, 27 |
|
SuiAt: |
14, 17 |
Tutu .... |
5 |
||
|
Taljli'ts held l>y statues . . . . |
23, |
26, 27 |
XJa-en-ra .... |
4, .5, 16, 17, 18, |
28, 32 |
|
Tablets, votive . . . . . G, !), |
10, |
11, 16 |
Unfinished decorations . |
. 3, 8, 12, |
14, 18 |
|
Tackle of -ships ...... |
3 |
,, tombs |
2, C, 12, 13, 14, |
15, 20 |
|
|
Taia (Tvi), Queen |
. 30 |
||||
|
Tent of King ...... |
. 32 |
"Vizier" .... |
. 13 |
||
|
Thay |
. 10 |
||||
|
Thebes |
. 20 |
Windows . . . . . |
3 |
London: printed dy wiluam clowks and sons, limited, dlke stiieet, stamfoud btuekt, b.e., and oukat windmill street, w.
PLATES.
NOTE.
An index to the passages of the text which are exphmatory of the several plates
will be found on pp. vii., viii.
Erratum : On Plate xxxiv. read Vertical Lines. U.
El Amarna V.
TOMB 14 iMAY).
Plate I.
SECTION ON A.B.C.D.
'■■/^^^.^^yy^^'A > -,;,: -yV^y.^.'. ;<'JiiJ!^,^^i^/,^^';s<
t/r
El Amarna V.
TOMB 14 (MAY).
PLATE II.
!
UJ
z o
o
I- o
lU CO
-(»
3iaaiw
SM?li*"^gfl»io»ii(?i{«iii i
hiyoN
iTdI "'
. (
■■i;^°-
^|i!S;r^^^H'i
a. a:
! o ■ «
z
II !opaiv ,Li»}^\i"'i0''
i^
/-
)-iii
l-HBU
iPiPSs
SaE^iMllt-^^S
««j^^.
t§giiEiEii^f^«sii3iia2aM
^^igajopgaiijp
HI!ai5fy^JhtfJtj[*«=
niOI:'MiS'Slit§M¥-^]
c=eCO-— >— ^
J(|C(
a°iE^il:^^i^ii^S^ffgfeTC^^3
.«iyi!ret^u-ete!iw^=^w]iei|5
^lig^iigpijyi^gst^yim
^q?^H;i^°aiira^^41D?ti:ii'i^iaB=!S?i
r-
IdHUi
mMmmmmmm:^^^^
i;$m:b^mmBBc^^^^"m
°mi^m\\B^MiiWM'^m^
y^/ -)>:
^a^^tiqo^:!!:^^
o
z
UJ
o
w
UJ
z b^ o
I I-
I
q: O
z
^'£0
El Amarna V.
TOMB OF MAY.
Plate III.
Scale \
ROYAL FAMILY WORSHIP ATEN.
El Amarna V.
TOMB OF MAY.
Plate IV.
I ■ I
0 ^
tl
%
L-
I t4-
a
'M
If
/I
5^
^ "^^
&1S
^
/\
PHP
Ujfct
J o
Si
&CI ^ Ei
^
Ijikj
|
'• |
;i |
t|. |
|
'0 |
t |
% |
|
IS |
5<ra/(r ,
LEFT JAMB.
SOUTH THICKNESS.
RIGHT JAMB
- J 7 1 u " ■ - -
El Amarna V.
TOMB OF MA
8^ >
,\
;*;
I
}lo!:\
u/i^
r-
J.
I /<^
' \
v«
Scale J
LINTEL-N. END.
' 1^ / sef>ara1e
01
Scale i GRAFFITI.
^^\"
^^^^^n! MM nil III! nil Mil nil
Scale
THE QUAY
-WEST WALL.
Plate V.
All
|
vh 1 |
1 |
!■&,■•: — r'-
V •■.:.-" :
.NM
AKHETATEN.
£.:»— ~
i
El Amarna V.
TOMB 16-PLAN.
Plate VI.
.V-..
■^ii
H-
iT^tvTvo'A^
UNl^
tRSlT^
El Amarna V.
TOMB 16.
Plate VII.
■1/
El Amarna V.
TOMBS 16 Ai:
TOMB 16 SECTION ON E.F.
SECTION ON A.B.
Scale i
23 lANY).
Plate VIII.
■//:.'y'?///X4^//'^;^/'T7y.^''-</-''^.y//y'//'.:- . ■■ '/^z/- TOMB 23 SECTION ON CD.
|
9 |
oca J |
e |
4 |
||||||
|
iNCHin'm |
o |
a |
3 |
-4- |
9 |
-?-, |
-,-¥ |
P^'
TOMB 23 LONGITUDINAL SECTION.
.."^
^^S5;s^$^?r^^^^#;
' ""^o
TOMB 23 PLAN.
f
UBHAhY
El Amarna V.
TOMB OF ANY.
Plate IX.
'<«;ni -,i-i-;
(tugs-' i'-~
r*-
\m-
ui
^'~}\-^.
1 rtii m s\
<
H
LL
liJ
UJ
Z
X c/)
El Amarna V.
TOMB OF ANY.
Plate X.
z-mmzni-^
<
h- I
a I
Hi
z I
CO
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
,C-r: t:di±
El Amarna V.
TOMB OF ANY,
Plate XI.
GRAFFITO.
IiQ)
II
I
^ ^m^
7(21
id
oj
A5!
^ z;^
'M
^
^
^
IS
O III
A
sill
'1
P •
^a \s?^
Sill Hoi
l-gl
It
OKI
O
H
f3
Hoi
ScaZe I
EXTERIOR. DOOR JAMBS.
YOSK UNiVERSlTV
W
El Amarna V.
TOMBS 17 AND 20-
Plate XII.
_i <
5 -J
o o
m
<
2 O
z o
I- o
w
CD
o
2 <
_l CL
GD
O
I-
* S>
2
g
I- o
Ui CO
I o
<N
m
o
I-
|
r 'fl "11 |
|
0) ' 0 o |
|
- |
|
0 0 ~i| |
El Amarna V.
TOMBS 18 AND 24-(PA-ATEN-EM-HEB).
Plate XIII.
TOMB 24 INSCRIPTION ON LEFT JAMB.
{now erased.)
24- SECTION.
Scale
i« o I a
? 1 T
^ WT
m
I u
I O *sr->»
I i
o
-I
Jl
ItJ
M
xlll
^
K'/^;
<S*^.;:..V ....::>^y>:><^>Z^i^:
SECTION ON A.B.
^'T^'-r*^^
r
TOMB 18 INSCRIPTION ON LEFT JAMB
Scale ^
'<C,''^'y^yl:\--yAyAyyy/C'/j^./Z<yiyj..i-.,i.'.yy^.,,..y,i,ryy-,r
■X:v-:.,.:..^
TOMB 18 PLAN.
|
,.cy '-"'■' |
' I'HVERSITY |
|
m |
" t-i:X |
|
• |
'■ |
El Amarna V.
TOMBS 12, 19 (SUTAU), 25a.
Plate XIV.
z o
»- o
UJ
w
<
z
Q
D
o
z o
_l
z <
<
C4
m
o
I-
El Amarna V.
TOMBS 19 iSUTAU> AND 20.
Plate XV.
'^
^/
111
Z
O
CM
CQ
o
I-
ir^^yhJO^^Pg^ZL
Jl]in«<l;:f^'j02^
IE
:->f^'
t:7i;»FT?v3?1^M
p.'.. ,'>^,ti3ir'riV".'VN0i.Jl-^
z:^;:)rr -'^^iWi
:i.^W-llX
» »
>r
;C
> M.
LI' -^V,i«
- , j
Olsl].:
'tRsin
El Amarna V.
TOMB 21.
Plate XVI.
\ \y:
(\
//ill ikMiJiiM
ScaJe 1
TOMB 22-LINTEL.
TRANSVERSE SECTION.
TOMB 21 PLAN.
Scolf
LONGITUDINAL SECTION.
Scale i
El Amarna V.
TOMB 22.
Plate XVII.
TRANSVERSE SECTION.
^fitW
n^i
^^%*fi;;
*=^;? t^
'^■mt^s^.
ii'S/Ty
LIBRAH
ifetti?
;y
El Amarna V.
TOMBS 7c AND 24a.
Plate XVIII.
SECTION.
TOMB 24A-PLAN.
COLUMN A
TOMB 7C PLAN.
'^^^j jf yyjiy y y^yyyyyyyyy^.
-..^
V
^^^..^..UJ
SECTION ON A. B. C. D.
^^W
3ao<J
EL AMARNA V
TOMB OF MAY
PLATE XIX
■-tX-^'L^-ii)^
SITE OF TOMBS 14-22
|
, ! |
|||||||
|
1 ' |
i-*^ |
■ .' 1".' |
|||||
|
;'•. |
r. J 1 . |
■r'fi t |
|||||
|
in , |
1 , |
^r-y |
1 |
||||
|
Pi- |
I - ' |
/•■■Vv- ■4^ ' |
r^ |
||||
|
r ' |
1,..:..., 1 |
m ■/111 |
t ■■ ■ |
0! |
I ■ |
||
|
. t' |
r 1 |
?n7 |
J..... |
5y, 1.'.. |
|||
|
1 |
'• |
||||||
|
■-■•J- |
, 1', - a |
j: |
|||||
|
':.'.] |
fili |
PRAYLK UF MAY
EL AMARNA V
TOMB OF ANY
PLATE XX
z I
00
/^
'T^(^
.-il^^*^
>- z <
-^- N^
NEW VO^K UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ' ■:
EL AMARNA V
TOMB OF ANY
PLATE XXI
r
-\ ■'
riii
<
O
<
^SSBSSSSS^fS^^^S^^^
EL AMARNA V
TOMB OF ANY
PLATE XXII
< I
O <
UJ
roi^iifi
mm
/.
■■U,-
I
>-
<
-J
UJ
t-
NEVv' YOIiX UMVEHSirr LIBRARY •
EL AMARNA V
TOMB OF ANY
PLATE XXIII
rr-'
:_^r ...^
,>^- . Tic--, ,^->
ifT
wmiiam
■■>■ <
o
<
UJ
K
NEW YOSK UNIVERSITY
• LIBfiARY •
EL AMARNA V
TOMB 16
PLATE XXIV
< a:
t- z
o
<
u (/) cc u
>
C/)
z <
..£W YOiK UNIVEfiSin • LIBRAfiy •
El Amarna V.
STELA U LOWER PART.
Plate XXV.
fl
%^^mt"romzm.^m^im^'kBi%¥M^=(°WMh^^
^e Ki^ifiAB iK=f^waKir^4^si5i
■h"Ri l\
im^i^^m±mW^m = @l3^t? ^(il^iEW5f!®5
Doi;rSP:etM!ie-M!l«SiM(iiil1^1^ M a K^lTJ
m ' O
mmE'M'mmm'^^'oiumnm^iTnmmm^ ^. ?? n
mmmmmm^^m(^LBimmu^nmM^^«
i^h^frxmm's,\^m%mfmmmmmsm3ms\\mf
2 limfr *
^ mmmMi(^Sl<^Lm''\WM'i'X fl§ ^f 1%-1 m
f 1*2 i !^ f 3 =(ptfmi^fi¥^§¥aig ite^iiSi
iQil
'A
H^^
^flo
lO
m^'^'^^rMt Bmwi^!mT3mMmM'5mm'§-\Ms
i"§ 5Js ^1 imJA rm.'^'^Wri^^n^xumi i ^jS'at'ST
^05 flxtHiS'M^J H flSf IMl Wf Ef At+W#>3^Mlv^?
13 1+ 15 16
V
le
19 20 21 22
23
2-*
Ji'^'2¥tl'?Sl>n??:^.t'M5Mrt^t?^©'>krWi^^&
mpB-m.mrmm±mmmm^3.^nBM^Atm^
mmMMmi^¥:mnra?j^^^\Mmmx\\[i 2 a^
i¥!M*.5t?5;4f^i>°
mwmm^mm^ms = 1 1
''W,/^
^. -m'^
m\}u\m(^^^Mki^^n's^i^'^M}uV^M
^'^ii-^A\li«r^
'*^y.\n\tmm;.^\
\%m\n-iwmm
I I -K^ V^TT^////^/, ^^ '•''^ 1 J ..^^ /%^ "^^^
fli^n mmM&^^
llt^iTMfllS^^i^
flfi>«ii,t'
i
M^mmjH+>iiM,v..a^ii ^l^:
^Wfi^ 4siJ-^t>Ds«i.?^,ri'#msc =1
flglJr'tll'?^
■ LIBfiARV
El Amarna V.
BOUND,
y STELA S.
Plate XXVI
.-■%^-*;%">
El Amarna V.
TEXT OF BOU
S Q
U A K
1
rin.
omits
CDy
m.
"S~
iS>
-®'
m-
-®
^^ o
Piw f^ i2(f; 31^ i5'^^c:r;;L?^«»^ s^^i
lU
il
"snir
-^
"""^ n ^ o
-w
(tJl-
®
-l^-l
-Q—t,
-^^fifi
omits-
-lU
00m
©
.<£-
(®
■)N
z^::
SA^ll §PW Si
tr
■cQi
"S?!
r
'^yP^.
r&
a
@
I
"r-t")"j'
8
~m
2<f y
H
(0,[ ].
ai/-
I o
= fir ;^;^—
?r
■ — Q I O
o
/:Hiiiiia-yiP^.u:bfijg^?Mg^iBaD naDi
^iSvJPtT t^a-
- [O3
""^JT
feo^
^
cO,
~©"
"(Wi^^I^'^i^^^P^'^-^-*-)'
u
A
^^
^4_,__
C3 in I <& <;:^
if
41Pf^-
® j(
®
ARY STELAE.
Plate XXVII.
|
IV |
III |
II 1 |
|
'^^zm^u |
"^^m.mu'ixmm |
- i--0^y^O-J^ w m| = ^;^,M-- |
|
9 "^ r =* III" 1 ^01 nun 1^ |
||
|
^ w |
y^H |
"^■■-f 1 r^ "^ -W "" |
|
"^^ 0 o ^ .=- |
T tii; o 1 Wl 4 |
|
|
otoFjol - - |
^ ■ n ^ Ci Sic |
|
|
^iiiiii |
|
m |
1+?: |
;w^ = |
& |
1 0-K. |
." T ^ (1 |
^-sri'^mH |
^M\lM.^h^ |
:m^¥ |
||
|
-nf" 1 — |
-^1- |
r^ |
||||||||
|
\ |
||||||||||
|
® " |
-TJ |
-<^ |
-® |
-s— |
^I< |
jr? |
ti |
|||
|
r ^ [ |
orn Its |
.... |
||||||||
|
— . |
||||||||||
|
_v- |
1 Vd r^
J ^D.^^SM^«!:sfeiai)^Fi?^tSls)Wmf*f fe?5
q^
"W
s
Q u
A
a
]— ^1
-[ ]-
?J.
'- oQ^ [| omits 3
-^,
ao-?
-=+
-L ]- -[]
|
^IP^f |
fS=tPI!? |
fiOf LPS |
.if" |
9 |
f^ |
sPtAIH |
hU P |
"cP |
"^(^PX |
9P |
||
|
93 |
&^ |
" -R- |
p |
|||||||||
|
- ^T |
[o...] ¥iP(ip^ |
^ |
'^ 1 |
|||||||||
|
^ ^ |
I |
1 |
||||||||||
|
.?^» <s |
||||||||||||
'^<i^^rmmm^^^'mm.H&immmmx^'^u\m^m
000 — H— "ia' I ill I
~w
XJ^
— 11-
-rar
•1116
^--TTfO'
^P'-^<^?
^Ll-
^? [ ] ^C ]
^ (-|^!i;=u^'i)T
^PP-
(Wi-
.[ om ]
-^^
"¥3
'^•-
zM-
pp
(a)
-VP
^
[ om.
I^ om.
{s.-
]— s-
— [ : —
-)b
tst^ wmm
;M¥A3»SS)¥ kt^i?^H® W M^f MS
"15
-Ifi^///^
[ om. ]S^^.
^ ^H(g:^A i:^^Lg^ ^ (^_^
■=•1 O"- 3-
^:ji
-:5.
Is
C 3-
-)X
[eW Y03K UNIV^
^^
SVi'
r^^
Oft~<<'^^l
El Amarna V.
TEXT OF BOUND/
''^
^.:
if^^}^%§KMtx:sa »f Lt
■■•sxnm
wMim
<^~r >^~^ ii<^ '-ff- r fi ^^^^^ JT r
'%." ,^":^-
i
^ ^^1
('St
-)P
e.
-a
<g.( —
■S-= )Q.
®
-)a
^
YT¥^si.-&P3
■l°l °^^L^-
_tQ.
(€.•
-)^
-S
"-^ti^^^n^txssp^'
A.*
CiS)
■jn^
WMMt ^ ggPffiP^ KM V IPgf jg", ^r???Mrggl9lfeg§-
\^.
^4mmii-.
£h.
I <? I
15"
Wgf;
@<
W£^^-
-m-
^'^
Mi^
(=]i
im
UtW^'^T^-^-^
O Ol((^i-^f=}i B_^.2.^ iH_^'
I a
TWMi;fI
■ <i5. ^^
'W
"^jm-
-A
-[]— ^-^ — [
TtPi/|lfX5PX1SiSiMn=5^
111^ Kita ti^ /) v,C
4ra%mmiu:\m
-mii%
MijL.
■^■
\<k
-^'^m
w~
^ML^
"Tpp
(®
(!§
ii?PlZ^^
®_
|
2.-1- |
|
|
s |
i:,kT'khumMrxMZ%%^mmmi'zMWi^^(^mT7/',mmmm\i |
|
■^'TT/7^'9 '"=? -^A- ,=^ ^xrrf/" ^ "^* '=, i=.r- ;rK r ^i'^ -=» n /T=» I -0. |
|
|
,4''A«mML <-■ ^'ytu^ sPii^ b ^xi2ir^^^t^.=^i(/^,';LT |
|
|
itf=^s'«:.Tft:a/5s>P^-'j-V-^-^¥^?— ^'?'nifK fsn£3^js.?yf(!^i:2c^'''qf j./^<> f- SCSI's f; l+'j + |
|
|
D |
|
|
A U |
1 ^^ X 0V«*- |
26
|
^m'^;::^!^ |
f^?4M |
nil |iii |
0^1 uwOiMc |
^'i'm^Mmr^ |
tMM'l ^"4-^ |
-.<f? |
§ |
|
|
-■7 n |
Mil nil |
'm III! |
—•£»ma |
i'/!V7i'"/?>3-/7 |
■/? n ■ |
|||
|
■'i P |
.-/iL.i-Lf-'iiM-ii^ |
X^aL |
||||||
|
[o,„ J |
^ |
_. II II = mi _ |
Ill £ III '!^ Wlllll nil \r Ull J"- |
,ii |
>JW==. |
(— |
||
|
1 „^ =^ /v ^ |
't/at----- |
|||||||
NOTE: Agreement with text Sis indicated by a single line
Agreement with first or second variants is shi wn by double or treble lines Omissions from text S amounting to a full word are bracketed; otherwise left blank. Lacunae amounting to a full word are left blank; otherwise, hatched. Probable agreement is shewn by broken lines.
Y STELAE {Continued.)
Plate XXVIII.
13
m "\
Wi
[ om ? J-
■)Q.
'^P^,a— WM-^t^P^ V^
-RJI^fP.
-;'^«
-^PP21)p
■B--9- II ff "r^ ;», M (a> r ;
"^
f.r)
1^
.K
-^ ^ ^ M~Ti-^^^i^^ 1.^:^1
fUi"^
®
-K
-[ om ].
--{iW
s
u
A B
R
s
u
B A
N
17
r,^§PS<:rMf
!tCiPSBMlMl»Mlieii^^HMl
L"t^Y!EP°ftll^L!l
.';c?^.
;£^
\^^v^^u^^\MM^ ° >^^)*^d^ '■/ B '^ Ll^
-tomi fe : adcU«] —
®9. ■O
imt^MLE^r!!
!L_et_^ III III I I ' rt "'Ci'^ ■
?TfP'5?Lt^.^?n?!fl^f^^^^^:m''M'^
I
-rtEf^'
ff
iQi
-Tt?
-)ci
©■
•rfSfi-frtfv^
^^IS
2.1
>;^= s Mi^E ° -f-^n He.*i imirsD&fespi^ri^. ii?|p i lei^i s
3r
^^
"55"
-::^-giiPQ?l^,x'JLt-
^€^^.
.^.
@-
-#-
i|iV-
®f f e ir^S'.^i^ Wif ^'^'^^iir
M^-^i
<i'X
SBipMtTlf-lM-fls^FO
-TjT
"^I^iM^SF-
-rmw4z%r
mi^
'J.
-^m
omits ? 1_
-fp^ss:
-f-^^I^U o^.rs jrrr
|
IS |
|||||||||||
|
'fiiS..^f£ii^"«-^WJli^'R' |
M |
°'fi-/^^M» |
OiL^r |
Q |
^11 |
||||||
|
"■ ■ j'^ |
-^P |
>^^ |
;u |
:^L |
.°Mu:>^^ |
0-^ |
^:r |
||||
|
— > ><>£ |
|||||||||||
|
p.=-(l |
^^- ^fpc |
-u-^rp-L |
— ^^™_ |
^ |
,■0.^- |
'a' |
liJ) |
||||
|
;?- ^^ ... — m |
l-i-lm p. |
§p^?Lt^f"?x^.e^^^'^fp^!Mt.#:^iP^?1?
rp^»^
^
-^ r^,. .,. -^QiM-^TF^^
ofiP^^&a.rp [— T«>
-;««■■
^■^>^-
>A3& <=> <> a
[ om.Ta ]^._,^
-)p
"ff
LIE':
El Amarna V.
oi
CJ
f1
' O
III
^
o
!Vl
5*1!
o
I
0
^ O O I
1'
V
A n
^>
iJ}-^
.^ui
o 0^
III
'^^
U I
o
^^
•>\
;« ^
1 r=»'
o
ISO "111
^?;i
\.
in
n :, Q r
.V
^ I
0 o
i< n
|
?7^l |
9 1 0 1 |
|
^vA |
;_' 1 |
|
'^" |
"^ |
|
^I |
rr^ |
|
," |
|
|
0 |
|
|
o6|'| |
fe |
|
L |
|
|
r |
|
|
1 "^ |
|
|
<:2> |
|
|
i* |
1 ^ |
|
\ |
|
|
^; |
|
|
<? |
|
|
^sr |
|
|
. — |
«*"-^ |
|
^ |
<=> |
|
to |
1, zi V |
XV
.\i"
2J
^4
<> I
is—
a -
XX
f J ^-^
H XJ.
000
o
7
\4
n
7 11'
^^^
"^!i.r\ =ti'
^^
^ 'JM <:^i
-1^ °,..
"V
k^'^H>IV>
^5"
■o
\ ^1)
.V
11_^
,"1 •==' .1
'^A.rTl^'^^
I. J
;i>
"^■^•AiiMi^MU
V
o
Q _-
;°;:'1-'"V^°^'^
■2' I ,9
■^-
^j-
<? I
!•; Tfi^H!!
o
o^isWoXiUiT"
"i\!,?>>c!l
10
^r o^JJ Jfl>^plV ^T^i-- ^
\\
\
fl'
^^,r^:^n
nm:
:i°ji
^^^^ 9t£ii
^Q3^
Oi>
<7Xi;xna: -x/^--
<? r'-^ I
O '="? ' -
§/JSXfi5^i
Scale \
_A K.
Plate XXIX.
<
O
4^
r QM^imm^' '^^w^
IJ^I 6 =-■.>- I 'in\eiHJ)- °?X^
CONCLUDING LINES (77-80?)
so
\^^l
O
Xl§^?
>Si
n
^1
t1
o^n
^fll'P^^ "J^"C
^\ieu
O O 'Wtw^
^\o
y-dw ^xii % %z x^Ji m^>Ti z:\Hn^ a
CI
^^'
r.?'.
try^mo^
J^'^'
"^ v\
"Tizr
_lll
-Ti !>S'gfl§i\ ^-g.C1^^ ^'3SSti >g ^IZZ.feZr.jR--'- Srf
lO
NEW YOgK
NEW YU,x university! • LIBRARY •
El Amarna V,
STELA
IS
20
30
35
40
^a°ig^^?4.°V-^^--- f^.:^^^
^p '-j=f j:i>^^' T]^;j??<i-^Er;-^c-w^-;r4.i
\X i^MfMm:^^^'. :£ ^{ ^ A^ ?i
y
^'" 7T,\- -v" W' ,T,
^^
n
!^f«ife!\\;!£btai^il
vi?? KW It.Ji^X-^fJM :, AKi ^1.U]^\"~
-00
S^
V,:^ia-(1
■h> ^
1-
|
171 |
n |
|
|
""2 |
-I'-'; |
\ |
|
' -^^ |
A- |
^^v |
|
, |
1 |
Scale ^
{continuation,).
Plate XXX.
Tj^TT
?X\hX^^^^
V\ — I " .^N
\;iU=^^l^i^
'^-^''A^7mM¥'lh
i-^rnH o-^^io
'^l~~vT^ '^
' Tj
,CT
»srJ°n::'BSj._io>^',^^'ij.L^flgx
jcsks*j^^'?ir AC4ar \^i5-^r^S'".efls'i::^
n.^t'
15
;j<ifa'i-i.^^^K-:'
^'
■jk^;^xfliJf-l^"^WA-r^'
ilxX^iSiiySix^
- ■<2>
4-'t!k"^(Bp:ifl^K>^'
'y'i.^^ixsfe
V.
wi^ir. ir^s
■ J .-,^°^
.o5^^'^^^
^«
II '.V
1<=."^,^
^ ^ ^'.V
'J^
r : u
x^C"//
I I > ' kQ/i
O
1^ =lrrtl'
9 A,
^'
y
y/ 1 ^ .>^
HI
^1
^
V
>% U O
,\XX'^.^Hc
° -;\"^.,')'\
.ir<=>w
fl?;;fl
c
^^^ A%'^
od^ll
n
• a ?^
.. r 5_'
«v
^1
^J^' n^
r
-1/ ^--
r ^ \ 0
■,r±
A
-^
no I
\
r~i.
11
20
25
30
35
40
WEW YOriK UNlVFRSITv
f^nv \ i. UNIVERSITY
El Amarna V.
STE
^1 n^- Alj ^
?L-^rt
— CTT
1 1 1 Oi""
O
o
'/"'>
'b V
'M
O
)P
mo
o
^yl
-D-1'^
11-=/.
^ fl
45
CD I ,
. ^;^_
O f ^ " -•• if"
1 , ^ '-•*. o if ^'
50
4 . -^^//rr~ni:M^/-r
:.^:^lPsX
TfTO
^ I ( ) L.e» ^vi.['iw
^^PCf'fl^^^L^^
I . /(^j ^ O I r3
>f^jT^n^p"fe::er
^ ^-l^':^^ fx
REMAINS OF LINES 43-57.
|
ri ..i^A "-Uh |
ai |
|
^A^nL-^'j.^^^ifi,.;.- |
|
|
\ '^' ' ""•"' i-iv V |
55
10
Sca/c J
,K^
%\h
— I
I I
:J.
rf' I
^
t_
: Z%mi1;[''j^
III
<^l ^^^l|'
V/C^
>-^
t^ ^
''^
o -=-
Ia^ 4i^
o 11 n X
Wic/^^
\^^1t^
O P(^ L
i[ .
<^ I
Tm
/
I O ' ' '-
o
O
•"^0 0 0 3
O r I I
^?N
o
\^^
"'/'^V
/}'
II t^'^l II I of' '^
n n — -/ll.
^ I 1 D 1
") 1 I) o r /'■N '
■^
72)fe-
S^"' -^ o o
^t«
^1
I //
y^
u
Ji/n^^^+'it
Plate XXXI
XX
XV
o
t t + 0
//
'/A
O
Qi
4:
^o
I _ I II ^
i
(f^%
^7
il
o O
z£
O
( o
Ik^
r
O D
<>
L'
/■
O,
1 1
'^„
=!!=
^ I
A -